'16 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 8, estate of Robert Langford, deceased; estate of Alex 0. Smith, SENATE. deceased, and heirs of Erban. Powell, deceased-to the Com- mittee on War Claims. · TuEsDAY, December 8, 1908. Also, papers to accompany bill granting a pension to Mary L. The Senate met at 12 o'clock m. Wright-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Edward E. Hale. . Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of W. F. Anderson­ JAMES P. CLARKE, a Senator from the State of Arkansas; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. MoRGAN G. BULKELEY, a Senator from the State of Connecticut; Also; petitions of J. K. P. Marshall and others, of Cleveland, WILLIAM J. STONE; a Senator from· the State of Missouri; FRANK Tenn., and William Street and others, of Chattanooga, Tenn., B. GARY, a Senator from the State of South Carolina;: for legislation pensioning members of the United States Military ALFRED B. KITTREDGE, a Senator from the State of South Da­ Telegraphers' Corps of the civil war-to the Committee on In­ kota; and JoHN W. DANIEL, a Senator from the State of Vir­ valid Pensions. ginia, appeared in their seats to-day. Also, papers to accompany bills for relief of Hartford Math­ The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and ap­ erly, James H. Cady, and Joshua E. Carlton-to the Committee proved. on Invalid Pensions. SENATOR FROM IOWA. By Mr. NYE: Petition of citizens of the State of Minnesota, against S. 3940 (Sunday observance in the District of Colum­ Mr. DOLLIVER presented the credentials of ALBERT B. bia) -to the Committee on the District of Columbia. CuMMINS, chosen by the legislature of the State of Iowa a By Mr. OLCOTT: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Has­ Senator from that State for the unexpired portion of the term tings Allaway-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the late Senator WILLIAM B. ALLISON, ending March 3, 1911, By Mr. OVERSTREET: Paper to accompany H. R. 175, for which were read and ordered to be filed. pension to United States Military Telegraph Corps of the United 1\fr. DOLLIVER. Mr. CUMMINS is present and ready to take States Army in the war of the rebellion-to the Committee on the oath of office. Invalid Pensions. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator-elect will present Also, papers to accompany bill securing legislation to promote himself at the Vice-President's desk and take the oath pre­ efficiency in the army, to disseminate useful military knowledge scribed by law. among the people of the United States, and for other purposes- Mr. CuMMINS was escorted to the Vice-President's desk by to the Committee on Military Affairs. · 1\fr. DOLLIVER, and the oath prescribed by law having been ad­ Also, papers to accompany bills for relief of Cealica Gurley, ministered to him, )?.e took his seat ih the Senate. Lydia A. Swift, Bladen A. KeJJ,dall, Evan H. Pritchard (H. R. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. 21245), John H. Butcher, James A. McAllister, and Julia A. William J. Browning, Chief Clerk of the House of Representa­ Ragland-to the Committee on Invalid ~ensions. tives, appeared and delivered the following message: Also, papers to accompany bill for relief of Andrew ;a. Mr. President, I am directed by the House of Representatives Lewis-to the Committee on Pensions. to inform the Senate that a quorum of the House of Represent­ By Mr. RICHARDSON: Paper to accompany bill for relief of atives has assembled, and that the House is ready to proceed to J. N. Bynum-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · business. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of David R. Bel­ Also that a committee of three Members has been appointed lamy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. by the Speaker, on the part of the House of Representatives, ,to By Mr. ROBINSON: Papers to accompany bills for relief of join a committee of the Senate to wait upon the President of the Nancy E. Williams (H. R. 7262), J. H. Coburn (H. R. 21619), United States, and to inform him that a quorum of the two and Guy S. McMickle (H. R. 13408)-to the Committee on In­ Houses has assembled, and that Congress is ready to receive valid Pensions. any communication he may have to make, and that Mr. PAYNE, Also, papers to accompany H. R. 21174, a bill appropriating Mr. McKINLEY of Illinois, and Mr. CLARK of Mi ssouri have been $50,000 for protection of the banks of the Arkansas River at apvointed members of the committee on the purt of the llouse. Douglas, Ark.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. The message further communicated to the Senate the intelli­ Also, petition of John H. Avery and others, for legislation gence of the deaths of Hon. CHARLES T. DuNWELL, late a Repre­ pensioning members of the Telegraph Corps of the United States sentative fTom the State of New York; of Hon. LLEWELLYN Army in civil war-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PowERS, late a Representative from the State of l\Iaine; of Hon. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of heirs of William WILLIAM H. PARKER, late a Representative from the State of W. Davis-to the Committee on War Claims. South Datoka; and of Hon. Aru:osTo A. WILEY, late a Represent­ By Mr. RYAN: Paper to accompany bill for relief of James ative from the State of Alabama, and transmitted resolutim.:s of Cupps-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the House thereon. Also, petition of New York County Lawyers' Association, fa­ The message also transmitted resolutions of the House on the voring increase of salaries of United States circuit and district death of Hon. WILLIAM BoYD ALr..ISON, late a Senator from the court judges-to the Committee on the Judiciary. State of Iowa. By Mr. SCOTT: Petition of citizens of Blue Mound, K.ans., NOTIFICATION TO THE PRESIDENT. against S. 3940 (Sunday observance in the District of Colum­ Mr. ALDRICH, 1\Ir. GALLINGER, and Mr. TELLER., the bia)-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. committee appointed to wait upon the President of the United Also, petition pf ~ itizens of Pleasanton, Kans., for legislation States, appeared; and pensioning members of United States Telegraph Corps who 1\fr. ALDRICH said: Mr. President, the committees appointed served in civil' war-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. by the Senate and the House of Representatives to wait upon By Mr. SHERMAN: Petition of D. L. Greenfield an~ others, the President of the United States and inform him that the two of New York, for legislation pensioning the members of the Houses have assembled and were ready to receive any communi­ United States Military Telegraph Corps who served in the civil ca. tion he should be pleased to make to them, beg leave to report war-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. that they have discharged that duty and that the President will By Mr. STURGISS: Petition of Huntington Chamber of Com­ at once communicate in writing with the two Houses. merce, favoring Senate bill 4 25, providing for establisl;tment of PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL MESSAGE. the Appalachian-White Mountain National Forest Reservation­ Mr. M. C. Latta, one of the secretaries of the President of to the Committee on Agriculture. the United States, appeared and said: Mr. President, I am By Mr. THISTLEWOOD: Petition of citizens of southern Illi­ directed by the President of the United Stutes to deliver to the nois, Twenty-fifth Congressional District, against any parcels­ Senate a message in writing. post legislation-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post- The message was received from the secretary and handed to &~& . the Vice-President. Also, petition of citizens of Cairo, Ill., against S. 3940, for the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair luys before the Senate proper observance of Sundays in the District of Columbia­ the _following message from the President of the United States, to the Committee on the District of Columbia. which will be read by the Secretary. By Mr. WANGER: Petition of Rear-Admiral H. F. Picker­ The Secretary [Ur. Charles G. Bennett] read the message, ing Naval Garrison, No. 4, of Erie, Pa., for legislation retiring as follows: petty officers and enlisted men of the United States N~vy after twenty-five years' actual service-to the Committee on Naval To the Senate ana House of Representatives: Affairs. FINA...'ICES. By Mr. YOUNG: Petition of Rear-Admiral H. F. Pickering The financial standing of the Nation at the present' time is Naval Garrison, No. 4, of Erie, Pa., for retirement of petty excellent, and the financial management of the Nation's interests officers and enlisted men of the United States Navy after by the Government during the last seven years has shown the twenty-five years of actual service-to the Committee on Naval most satisfactory results. But our currency system is imper­ Affairs. fect, and it is earnestly to be hoped that the Currency Commis- \ 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 117 sion will be able to propose a thoroughly good system which will domain of the anti-trust law. The power of the Comm1dSion do away with the existing defects. should be made thoroughgoing, so that it could exercise com­ During the period from July 1, 1901, to September 30, 1908, plete supervision and control over the issue of securities as there was an increase in the amount of money in circulation well as over the raising and lowering of rates. As regards of $902,991,399. The increase in the per capita during this rates, at least, this power should be summary. The power to period was $7.06. Within this time there were several occa­ investigate the financial operations and accounts of the rail­ sions when it was necessary for the Treasury Department to ways has been one of the most valuable features in recent leg­ come to the relief of the money market by purchases or redemp­ islation. Power to make combinations and traffic agreements tions of United States bonds; by increasing deposits in national should be explicitly conferred upon the railroads, the permis­ banks; by stimulating additional issues of national bank J}.Otes, sion of the Commission being first gained and the combination and by facilitating importations from abroad of gold. Our im­ or agreement being published in all its details. In the interest perfect currency system has made these proceedings necessary, of the public the representatives of the public should have and they were effective until the monetary disturbance in the complete power to see that the railroads do their duty by the fall of 1907 immensely increased the difficulty of ordinary public, and as a rna tter of course this power should also be methods of relief. By the middle of No\ember the available exercised so as to see that no injustice is done to the railroads. working balance in the Treasury had been reduced to approxi­ The shareholders, the employees and the shippers all have mately $5,000,000. Clearing house associations throughout the interests that must be guarded. It is to the interest of all of country had been obliged to resort to the expedient of issuing them that no swindling stock speculation should be allowed, clearing house certificates, to be used as money. In this emer­ and that there should be no improper issuance of securities. gency it was determined to invite subscriptions for $50,000,000 The guiding intelligences necessary for the successful building Panama Canal bonds, and $100,000,000 three per cent certificates and successful management of railroads should receive ample of indebtedness authorized by the act of June 13, 1898. It was remuneration; but no man should be allowed to make money, proposed to re-deposit in the national banks the proceeds of in connection with railroads out of fraudulent over-capitaliza­ these issues, and to permit their use as n basis for additional tion and kindred stock-gambling performances; there must be circulating notes of national banks. The moral effect of this no defrauding of investors, oppression of the farmers and busi­ procedure was so great tLat it was nece ~ sary to issue only ness men who ship freight, or callous disregard of the rights $24,631,080 of the Panama Canal bonds and $15,436,500 of the and needs of the employees. In addition to this the interests certificates of indebtedne s. · of the shareholders, of the employees, and of the shippers During the period from July 1, 1901, to September 30, 1903, should all be guarded as against one another. To give any the balance between the net ordinary receipts and the net one of them tmdue and improper consider-ation is to do injus­ ordinary expenses of the Government showed a surplus in the tice to the others. Rates must be made as low as is compatible four years 1902, 1903, 1906, and 1907, and a deficit in the years with giving proper returns to all the employees of the railroad, 1904, 1905, 1908, and a fractional part of the fiscal year 1909. from the highest to the lowest, and proper returns to the share­ The net result was a surplus of $99,283,413.54. The financial holders; but· they must not, for instance, be reduced in such operations of the Government during this period, based upon fashion as to necessitate a cut in the wages of the employees these differences between receipts and expenditures, resulted or the abolition of the proper and legitimate profits of honest in a net reduction of the interest-bearing debt of the United shareholders. States from $987,141,040 to $897,253,990, notwithstanding that Telegraph and telephone companies engaged in interstate there had been two sales of Panama Canal bonds amounting business should be put under the jurisdiction of the Interstate in the aggregate to $54,631,980, and an issue of 3 per cent Commerce Commission. certificates of indebtedness under the act of June 13, 1898, It is very earnestly to be wished that our people, through their amounting to $15,436,500. Refunding operations of the Treas­ representatives, should act in this matter. It is hard to say ury Department under the act of March 14, 1900, resulted in whether most damage to the country at large would come from the conversion into 2 per cent consols of 1930 of $200,309,400 entire failure on the part of the public to supervise and control bonds bearing higher rates of interest. A decrease of $8,687,956 the actions of the great corporations, or from the exercise of in the annual interest charge resulted from these operations. the necessary governmental power in a way which would do In short, during the seven years and three months there has injustice and wrong to the corporations. Both the preachers of been a net surplus of nearly one hundred millions of receipts an unresh·icted individualism, and the preachers of an oppres­ over expenditures, a reduction of the interest-bearing debt by sion which would deny to able men of business the just reward ninety millions, in spite of the extraordinary expense of the of their initiati\e and business ~mgacity, are advocating policies Panama Canal, and a saving of nearly nine millions on the that would be fraught with the gra\est harm to the whole annual interest charge. This is an exceedingly satisfactory country. To permit every lawless capitalist, every law-defying showing, especially in view of the fact that during this period corporation, to take any action, no matter how iniquitous, in the the Nation has never hesitated to undertake any expenditure effort to secure an improper profit and to build up privilege, that it regarded as necessary. There have been no new taxes would be ruinous to the Republic and would mark the abandon­ and no increases of taxes ; on the contrary some taxes have been ment of the effort to secure in the industrial world the spirit taken off; there has been a reduction of taxati(!n. of democratic fair-dealing. On the other hand, to attack these CORPORATIONS. wrongs in that spirit of demagogy· which can see wrong only As regards the great corporations engaged in interstate busi­ when committed by the man of wealth, and is dumb and blind ness, and especiaUy the railroads, I can only repeat what I haye in the presence of wrong committed against men of property or already again and again mid in my messages to the Congress. by men of no property, is exactly as evil as corruptly to defend I believe that under the interstate clause of the Constitution the the wrongdoing of men of wealth. The war we wage must be United States bas complete and paramount right to control all waged against misconduct, against wrongdoing wherever it is agencies of interstate commerce, and I believe that the National found; and we must stand heartily for the rights of every decent Go\ernment alone can exercise this right with wisdom and man, whether he be a man of great wealth or a man who earns effectiveness so as both to secure justice from, and to do justice his liYelihood as a wage-worker or a tiller of the soil. to, the great corporations which are the most important factors It is to the interest of all of us that there should be a pre­ in modern business. I believe that it is worse than folly to mium put upon individual initiative and individual capacity and attempt to prohibit all combinations as is done by tile Sherman an ample reward for the great directing intelligences alone anti-h·ust law, because such a law can be enforced only im­ competent to manage the great business operations of to-day. perfectly and unequally, and its enforcement works almost as It is well to keep in mind that exactly as the anarchist is the much ha:t:dship as good. I strongly advocate that instead of an worst enemy of liberty and the reactionary the worst enemy unwise effort to prohibit all combinations, there shall be sub­ of order, so the men who defend the rights of property have stituted a law which shall expressly permit combinations which most to fear from the wrongdoers of great wealth, and the men JUre in the interest of the public, but shall at the same time who are championing popular rights. hal'e most to fear from the give to some agency of the National Government full power of demagogues who in the name of popular rights would do wrong control and supervision over them. One of the chief features to oppress honest business men, honest men of wealth ; for of this control should be securing entire publicity in all matters the success of either type of wrongdoer necessarily invites a which the public has a right to know, and furthermore, the violent reaction against the cause the wrongdoer nominally power, not by judicial but by executive action, to prevent or upholds. In point of danger to the Nation there is nothing to put a stop to every form of improper favoritism or other wrong­ choose between on the ·one hand the corruptionist, tha bribe­ doing. gtrer, the bribe-taker, the man who employs his-great talent to The railways of the country should be put completely under swindle his fellow-citizens on a large scale, and, on the other tbe Illterstate Commerce ·commission and removed trom the hand, the preacher of class hatred, the man who, wheth~-r f!"om

XLIII--2 -.

18 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 8,_

ignorance or from willingness· to sacrifice his country to his likely continual bursts of action by State legislatures, which ambition, persuades well-meaning but wrong-headed men to try can not achieve the purpose sought for, but which can do a: to destroy the instruments upon which our prosperity mainly great deal of damage to the corporation without conferring any, rests. Let each group of men beware of and guard against the real benefit on the public. shortcomings to which that group is itself most liable. Too I believe that the more farsighted corporations are themselves ofi:en we see the business community in a spirit of unhealthy coming to recognize the unwisdom of the violent hostility theYi class consciousness deplore the effort to hold to account under have displayed during the last few years to regulation and con­ the law the wealthy men who in their management of great trol by the National Government of combinations engaged in corporations, whether railroads, street railways, or other indus­ interstate business. The truth is that we who believe in this trial enterprises, have behaved in a way that revolts the con­ movement of asserting and exercising a genuine control, in the science of the plain, decent people. Such an attitude can not be public interest, over these great corporations have to contend condemned too severely, for men of property should recognize against two sets of enemies, who, though nominally opposed that they jeopardize the rights of property when they fail to one another, are really allies in preventing a proper solution heartily to join in the effort to do away with the abuses of of the problem. There are, first, the big corporation men, and wealth. On the other hand, those who advocate proper control the extreme individualists among business men, who genuinely on behalf of the public, through the State, of these great cor­ believe in utterly unregulated business-that is, in the reign of porations, and of the wealth engaged on a giant scale in plutocracy; and, second, the men who, being blind to the eco­ business operations, must ever keep in mind that unless they do nomic movements of the day, believe in a movement of repres­ scrupulous justice to the corporation, unless they permit ample sion rather than of regulation of corporations, and who de­ profit, and cordially encourage capable men of business so long nounce both the power of the railroads and the exercise of the as they act with honesty, they are striking at the root of our Federal power which alone can really control the railroads. national wellbeing; for in the long run, under the mere Those who believe in efficient national control, on the other pressure of material distress, the people as a whole would prob­ hand, do not in the least object to combinations; do not in the ably go back to the reign of an unrestricted individualism least object to concentration in business administration. On the rather than submit to a control by the State so drastic and contrary, they favor both, with the all important proviso that so foolish, . conceived in a spirit of such unreasonable and there shall be such publicity about their workings, and such narrow hostility to wealth, as to prevent business operations thoroughgoing control over them, as to insure their being in the from being profitable and therefore to bring ruin upon the interest, and not against the interest, of the general public. entire business community and ultimately upon the entire body We do not object to the concentration of wealth and administra­ of citizens. ' tion ; but we do believe in the distribution of the wealth in profits The opposition to Government control of these· great corpo­ to the real owners, and in securing to the public the full benefit :-- rations makes its most effective effort in the shape of an appeal of the concentrated administration. We believe that with con­ to the old doctrine of States' rights. Of course there are many centration in administration there can come both the advantage sincere men who now believe in unrestricted individualism in of a larger ownership and of a more equitable distribution of business, just as there were formerly many sincere men who profits, and at the same time a better service to the common­ believed in slavery-that is, in the unrestricted right of an in­ wealth. We belie\e that the administration should be for the dividual to own another individual. These men do not by benefit of the many; and that greed and rascality, practiced on themselves have great weight, however. The effective fight a large scale, should be punished as relentlessly as if practiced against adequate Government control and supervision of indi­ on a small scale. vidual, and especially of corporate, wealth engaged in inter­ We do not for a moment belie\e that the problem will be solved state business is chiefly done under cover; and especially un­ by any short and easy method. The solution will come only by der cover of an appeal to States' rights. It is not at all in­ pressing various concurrent remedies. Some of these remedies frequent to read in the same speech a denunciation of preda­ must lie outside the domain of all government. Some must lie tory wealth fostered by special privilege and defiant of both outside the domain of the Federal Government. But there the public welfare and law of the land, and a denunciation of is legislation which the Federal Government alone can enact centralization in the Oentral Government of the power to deal and which is absolutely vital in order to secure the attainment with this centralized and organized wealth. Of course the pol­ of our purpose. Many laws are needed. There should be regu­ icy set forth in such twin denunciations amounts to absolutely lation by the National Government of the great interstate cor­ nothing, for the first half is nullified by the second half. The porations, including a simple method of account keeping, pub­ chief reason, among the many sound and compelling reasons, licity, supervision of the issue of securities, abolition of rebates that led to the formation of the National Government, was the and of special privileges. There should be short time fran­ absolute need that the Union, and not the several States, should chises for all corporations engaged in public business; including deal with interstate and foreign commerce; and the power to the corporations which get power from water rights. There deal with interstate commerce was granted absolutely and should be National as well as State guardianship of mines plenarily to the Central Government and was exercised com­ and fotests. The labor legislation hereinafter referred to pletely as regards the only instruments of interstate commerce should concurrently be enacted into law. known in those days-the waterways, the highroads, as well as To accomplish this, means of course a certain increase in the the partnerships of individuals who then conducted all of what use of-not the creation of-power by the Central Government. business there was. Interstate commerce is now chie~y con­ The powet already exists; it does not have to be created; the ducted by railroads; and the great corporation has supplanted only question is whether it shall be used or left idle-and mean­ the mass of small partnerships or individuals. The proposal while the corporations over which the power ought to be exer­ to make the National Government supreme over, and therefore cised will not remain idle. Let those who object to this increase to give it complete control over, the railroads and other instru­ in the use of the only power available, the national power, be . ments of interstate commerce is merely a proposal to carry out frank, and admit openly that they propose to abandon any effort to the letter one of the prime purposes, if not the prime pur­ to control the great business corporations and to exercise super­ pose, for which the Constitution was founded. It does not rep­ vision over the accumulation and distribution of wealth; for resent centralization. It represents merely the acknowledg­ such supervision and control can only come through this par­ ment of the patent fact that centralization has already come in ticular kind of increase of power. We no more believe in that business. If this irresponsible outside business power is to be empiricism which demands ·absolutely unrestrained individual­ controlled in the interest of the general public it ca.n only be ism than we do in that empiricism which clamors for a deaden­ controlled in one way; by giving adequate power of control to ing socialism which would destroy all individual initiative and the one sovereignty capable of exercising such power-the would ruin the country with a completeness that not even an National Government. Forty or fifty separate state govern­ unrestrained individualism itself could achieve. The danger to ments can not exercise that power over corporations doing Americijll democracy lies not in the least in the concentration· business in most or all of them; first, because they absolutely of administrative power in responsible and accountable hands. lack the authority to deal with interstate business in any form; It lies in having the power insufficiently concentrated, so that and second, because of the inevitable conflict of authority sure no one can be held responsible to the people for its use. Con­ to arise in the effort to enforce different kinds of state regula­ centrated power is palpable, visible, responsible, easily reached, tion, often inconsistent with one another and sometimes oppress­ quickly held to account. Power scattered through many ad­ ive in themselves. Such divided authority can not regulate ministrators, many legislators, many men who work behind and commerce with wisdom and effect. The Central Government is through legislators and administrators, is impalpa·ble, is unseen, the only power which, without oppression, can nevertheless is irresponsible, can not be reached, can not be held to account. thoroughly and adequately control and supervise the large cor­ Democracy is in peril wherever the dministration of political porations. 'l'o abandon the effort for National control means power is scattered ..among a variety of men who work in secret, to abandon the effort for all adequate control and yet to render whose very names are unknown to the common people. It is 1908. ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ~9 not in peril from any man who derives authority from the been taken in many of our private industries. These may be people, who exercise it in sight of the people, and who is from indefinitely extended through voluntary association and con­ time to time compelled to give an account of its exercise to the tributory schemes, or through the agency of savings banks, as people. under the recent Massachusetts plan. To strengthen these prac­ LABOR. tical measures should be our immediate duty; it is not at There are many matters affecting labor and the status of the present necessary to consider the larger and more general gov­ wage-wQrker to which I should like to draw your attention, ernmental schemes that most European governments have found but an exhaustive discussion of the problem in all its aspects themselves obliged to adopt is not now necessary. This administration is nearing its end; Our present system, or rather no system, works dreadful and, moreover, under our · form of government the solution of wrong, and is of benefit to only one class of people-the lawyers. the problem depends upon the action of the States as much as When a workman is injured what he needs is not an expensive upon the action of the Nation. Nevertheless, there are certain and doubtful lawsuit, but the certainty of relief through immedi­ considerations which I wish to set before you, because I hope ate administrative action. The number of accidents which that our people will more and more keep them in mind. A result in the death or crippling of wageworkers, in the Union blind and ignorant resistance to every effort for the reform of at large, is silpply appalling; in a very few years it runs up a abuses and for the readjustment of society to modern industrial total far in excess of the aggregate of the dead and wounded conditions represents not true conservatism but an incitement in any modern war. No academic theory about "freedom of to the wildest radicalism; for wise radicalism and wise con­ contract" or "constitutional liberty to contract" should be servatism go hand in hand, one bent on progress, the other bent permitted to interfere with this and similar movements. on seeing that no change is made unless in the right direction. Progress in civilization has everywhere meant a limitation and I believe in a steady effort, or perhaps it would be more regulation of conb.·act. I call your especial attention to the accurate to say in steady efforts in many different directions, to bulletin of the Bureau of Labor which gives a statement of bring about a condition of affairs under which the men who work the methods of treating the unemployed in European countries, with hand or with brain, the laborers, the superintendents, the as this is a subject which in· Germany, for instance, is treated men who produce for the market and the men who find a in connection with making provision for worn out a,nd crippled market for the articles produced, shall own a far greater share workmen. than at present of the wealth they produce, and be enabled to Pending a thoroughgoing investigation and action there is invest it in the tools and instruments by which all work is certain legislation which should be enacted at once. The law, carried on. As far as possible I hope to see a frank recognition passed at the last session of the Congress, granting compensa­ of the advantages conferred by machinery, organization, anEurope-even the poorest. labor, diminution of woman labor, shortening of hours of all The terms of the act are also a hardship in prohibiting pay­ mechanical labor; stock watering should be prohibited, and ment in cases where the accident is in any way due to the neg­ stock gambling so far as is possible discouraged. There should ligence of the employee. It is inevitable that daily familiarity be a progressive inheritance tax on large fortunes. Industrial with danger will lead men to take chances that can be con­ education should be encouraged. As far as possible we should strued into negligence. So well i·s this recognized that in lighten the burden of taxation on the small man. We should practically all countries in the civilized world, except the put a premium upon thrift, hard work, and business energy; United States, only a great degree of negligence acts as a bar but these qualities cease to be the main factors in accumulating to securing compensation. Probably in no other respect is our a fortune long before that fortune reaches a point where it legislation, both State and National, so far behind practically would be seriously affected by any inheritance tax such as I the entire civilized world as in the matter of liability and propose. It is eminently right that the Nation should fix compensation for accidents in industry. It is humiliating that the terms upon which the great fortunes are inherited. They at European international congresses on accidents the United rarely do good and they often do harm to those who inherit States should be singled out as the most belated among the them in their entirety. nations in respect to employers' liability legislation. This PROTECTION FOR W AGEWORKERS. Government is itself a large employer of labor, and in its The above is the merest sketch, hardly even a sketch in out­ dealings with its employees it should set a standard in this line, of the reforms for which we should work. But there is one country which would place it on a par with the most progressive matter with which the Congress should deal at this session. countries in Europe. The laws of the United States in this There should no longer be any paltering with the question of respect and the laws of European countries have been sum­ taking care of the wageworkers who, under our present indus­ marized in a recent bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, and no trial system, become killed, crippled, or worn out as part of the American who reads this summary can fail to be struck by regular incidents of a given business. The majority of wage­ the great contrast between our practices and theirs-a contrast workers must have their rights secured for them by State not in any sense to our credit. action; but the National Government should legislate in The Congress should witnout further delay pass a model em­ thoroughgoing and far-reaching fashion not only for all em­ ployers' liability law for the District of Columbia. The em­ ployees of the National Government, but for all persons engaged ployers' liability act recently declared unconstitutional, on ac­ in int~rstate commerce. The object sought for could be achieved count of apparently including in its provisions employees en­ to a measurable degree, as far as those killed or crippled are gaged in intrastate commerce as well as those engaged in inter­ con~rned, by proper employers' liability laws. As far as con­ state commerce, has been held by the local courts to be still cerns those who have been worn out, I call your attention to the in .effect so far as its provisions apply to the District of Colum­ fact that definite steps toward provid}ng old-age pensions have bia. There should be no ambiguity on this point. Ir th~~:re is 20 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

:u::; doubt on the subject, the Jaw .should .be reenacted with undertaken. This is a most .healthy truth, which it is wise for .Bpecial reference to the District of Columbia. This act, .how- all our people to learn. .Any movement based on that class ever, applies only to employees of common -carriers. In all .hatred which at times assumes the name of "class -conscious­ other occupations the liability law of the District is the old ness" is certain ultimately to fail, and if it temporarily sue­ -common law. The severity and injustice of the common law ceeds, to do far-reaching damage. "Class conscio1;1sness," 'in this matter has been in some degree or another modified in where it is merely another name for the odious -vice of class the majority of our States, and the onJy jurisdiction under the · selfishness, is equally noxious whether in an employer's asso­ exclusive control of the Congress should be ahead and not be- elation or in a workingman's assodation. The movement in hind the States of the Union in this respect. A comprehensive question was one in which the appeal was made to all work­ employers' liability law should be passed for the District of ingmen to vote primarily, not as American citizens, but as Dolumbia. · individuals of a certain class in society. Such an appeal in I renew my recommendation made in a previous message that the first place revolts the more high-minded and far-sighted half-holidays be granted during summer to all wage-workers in among the persons to whom it is addressed, and in the second Government employ. place tends to arouse .a strong antagonism among all other I also renew my recommendation that the principle of the classes of citizens, whom it therefore tends to unite against eight-hour day should as rapidly and as far as practicable be the very organization on whose behalf it is issued. The result extended to. the entire work carried on by the Goyernment; is therefore unfortunate from every standpoint. This healthy the present law should be amended to embrace -contracts on truth, by the way, will be learned by the socialists if they ever those public works which the present wording of the act seems succeed in establishing in this country an important national to exclude. party based Dn such class consciousness and selfish class THE COUR"TS. interest. I most earnestly urge upon the Congress the duty of increas- The wageworkers, the workingmen, the laboring men of the ing the totally inadequnte salaries now given to ·our Judges. country by the way in which they repudiated the effort to get On the whole there is no body of public servants who do as them to cast their votes in response to an appeal to class hatred, valuable work, nor whose moneyed reward is so inadequate ha\e emphasized their sound pn..triotism and Americanism. The compared to their work. 'Beginning-with the Supreme Court the whole country has cause to feel pride in this attitude of sturdy Judges should have their salaries doubled. It is not befitting independenc'e, in this uncompromising insistence upon acting the dignity of the Nation that its most bonored public servants simply as good citizens, as good Americans, without regard to should be paid sums so small compared to what they would earn fancied-and improper-class interests. Such an attitude is in private life that the performance of public service by them an object-lesson in good citizenship to the entire nation. implies an exceedingly heavy pecuniary sacrifice. But the extreme reactionaries, the persons who blind them- It is earnestly to be desired that some method sbould be selves to the wrongs now and then committed by the courts on de-vised for doing away with the long delays which now obtain laboring m.en, should also think seriously as ·to what such a in the administration of justice, 3.D.d which operate with pecul- movement as this portends. The judges who have shown them­ iar severity against persons of small means, and fayor only the selves able and willing effectively to check the dishonest activ­ very criminals whom it is most desirable to punish. These long ity of the very ri-ch man who works iniquity by the misman­ delays in the final decisions of eases make in the aggregate a agement ·Of corporations, who haYe shown themselves alert to crying evil; and a remedy should be devised. Much of this do justice to the wageworker, and sympathetic with the needs intolerable delay is due to improper regard paid to technicalities of the mass of our people, so that the dweller in the tenement which are a mere hindrance to justice. In some noted recent houses, the man who practices a dangerous trade, the man cases this over-regard for technicalities has resulted in a strik- who is crushed by excessive hours of labor, feel that their ing denial of justice, and flagrant wrong to the body politic. needs are understood by the courts-these judges are the real At the last election certain leaders of organized labor made bulwark of the courts; these judges, the judges of the stamp a violent and sweeping attack upon the entire judidary of the of the President-elect, who have been fearless in opposing labor country, an attack couched in such terms as to include the most when it has gone wrong, but fearless also in holding to strict upright, honest and broad-minded judges, no less than those of account corporations that work iniquity, and far-sighted in narrower mind and more restricted outlook. It was the kind of seeing that the workingman gets his rights, are the men of all attack admirably fitted to prevent any successful attempt to re- others to whom we owe it that the af)peal for such violent and form abuses of the judiciat-y, because it ga-ve the champions of mistaken legislation has fallen on deaf ears, that the agitation the unjust judge their eagerly desired opportunity to shift their for its passage proved to be without substantial basis. The ground into a championship of just judges who were unjustly courts are jeoparded primarily by the action of these Federal assailed. Last year, before the House Committee on the and State judges who show inability or unwillingness to put a Judiciary, these same labor leaders formulated their demands, stop to the wrongdoing of very ·rich men under modern indus­ specifying the bill that contained them, refusing all compromise, trial conditions, and inability or unwillingness to gi-ve relief to stating they wished the principle of that bill or nothing. They men of small means or wageworkers who are crushed down by insisted on a - provision that in .a la.bor dispute no injunction these modern industrial conditions; who, in other words, fail should issue except to protect a property right, and specifically to understand and apply the needed remedies for the new wrongs provided that the right to carry on business should not be eon- produced by the new and highly complex social and industrial strued as a property right; and in a second provision their bill civilization which has grown up in the last half century. made legal in a labor dispute any act or agreement by or be- The rapid changes in our social and industrial life whieh tween two or more persons that would not have been unlawful have attended this rapid growth have made it necessary that, in if done by a single person. In other words, this bill legalized applying to concrete cases the great rule of right laid down in blacklisting and boycotting in every form, legalizing, for in- our Constitution, there should be a full understanding and ap­ stance, those forms of the secondary boycott which the anthracite preciation of the new conditions to which the rules are to be coal strike commission so unreservedly condemned; while the applied. What would have been an infringement upon liberty right to carry on a business was explicitly taken out from under half a century ago may be the necessary safeguard of liberty th.a.t protection which the law throws over property. The de- to~day. What would have been an injury to property then may mand was made that there should be trial by jury in contempt be necessary to the enjoyment of property now. EYery judicial cases, thereby most seriously impairing the authority of the decision involves two terms-one; an interpretation of the law; courts. All this represented a course of policy which, if carried the other, the understanding of the facts to which it is to be out, would mean the enthronement of class privilege in its applied. The great mass of our judicial officers are, I believe, crudest and most brutal form, and the destruction of one of the ali\e to these changes of conditions which so materially affect most essential functions of the judiciary in all civilized lands. the performance of their judicial duties. Our judicial system The violence of the crusade for this legislation, and its com- is sound and effective at core, and it remains, and must ever be plete failure, illustrate two truths which it is essential our peo- maintained, as the safeguard of those principles of liberty and ple should learn. In the first place, they ought to teach the justice which stand at the foundation of American institutions; workingman, the laborer, the wageworker, that by demanding for, as Burke :finely said, when liberty and justice are separated, what is improper and impossible he plays into the hands of his neither is safe. There are, however, some members of the foes. Su-ch a crude and vicious attack upon the courts, even it it judicial body who have lagged behind in their understanding were temporarily successful, would inevitably in the end cause of these great and vital changes in the body politic, whose minds a violent reaction and would band the great mass of citizens have never been opened to the new applications of the old together, forcing them to stand by all the judges, competent principles made necessary by the new conditions. Judges of and incompetent alike, rather than to see the wheels of justice this stamp do lasting harm by their decisions, because they con­ stopped. A movement of this kind can ultimately result in vince poor men in need of protection that the courts of the land notbing but damage to those in whose behalf it is nominally are profoundly ignorant of and out of sympathy with their 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 21 needsr and profoundly indifferent or hostile to any proposed The chief lawmakers in our country may be, and often are, remedy. To such men it seems a cruel mockery to have any the judges, because they are the final seat of authority. Every court decide against them on the ground that it desil·es to pre- time they interpret contract, property, vested rights, due process serve "liberty,. in a purely technical fo1!III, by withholding- of law, liberty, they necessarily enact into law parts of a system liberty in any real and constructive sense. It is desirable that of social philosophy ; and as such interpretation is fundamental, the legislative body should possess, and wherever necessary exer- . they give . directiDn to all law-making. The decisions of the cise, the power to· determine whether in a given ease employers courts on economic and soeiai questions depend upon their and employees are not on an equnl footing, so that the necessi- eeonomic- and social philosophy; and for the peaceful progress ties of the latter compel them to submit to such exactions as to· of our people during th-e twentietll century we shall owe most hours and conditions of labor as unduly to tax their strength; to those judges who hold to a twentieth century economic and and only mischief can result when such determination is upset on social philosophy and not to a long outgrown philosophy, which the ground that there must be no "interference with the liberty was itseJ.'f· the product of · primitive economic conditions. Of to contract "-often a merely academic " liberty," the exercise course a judge's views on progressive social philosophy are of which is the negation of real liberty. entirely second in importance to his possession of a high and There are certain decisions by various courts which have been fine: character; which means the possession of such elementary exceedingly detrimental to the- rights of wageworkers. This is virtues as honesty, courage, and fairmindedness. The judge true m all the decisions that decide that men and women are, who owes his election to pandering to- demagogic sentiments or by. the Constitution, «guaranteed their liberty" to contract to class hatreds and prejudices, and the judg-e who owes either enter a dangerous occupation, or to work an undesirable or im- his election or his appointment to the money or the favor of a proper number of hours, or to work in unhealthy surroundings; great corporation, are alike unworthy to sit on the bench, are and therefore can not recover damages when maimed in that alike traitors to the people-; and no profundity of legal learn­ occupation and can not be forbidden to work what the legis- ing, or· correctness of abstraet conviction on questions of public lature decides is an e-xcessive number of hours, or to carry on policy, can serve as an offset to such shortcomings. But it is the work under conditions wllfch the legislature decides to be also true that judges, like executives and legislators-. should unhealthy. The most dangerous occupations are often the hold sound views on the questions of public policy which are poorest paid and those where the hours of work are longest; of vital interest to the people. and in many cases those who go into them are driven by neces- The legislators and executives are chosen to represent the sity so great that they have practically no alternative. Deci- people in enacting and administering the laws. The judges sions such as those alluded to above nullify the legislative efl'ort are not chosen to represent the peopl'e in this sense. Their func­ to protect the wage-workers who most need protection from tion is to interp-ret the Irrws. The legislators are respons.ible those employers who take advantage of their grinding need. for the laws; the judges for the spirit in which they interpret They halt or hamper the movement for securing better and more and enforce the laws~ We stand aloof from the reckless equitable conditions of labor. The talk about preserving to the agitators who would make the judges mere pliant tools of misery-hunted beings who make contracts for such service their popular prejudice and passion; and we stand aloof from those " liberty " to make them, is either to speak in a spirit of heart- equally unwise partisans of reaction and privilege who deny less irony or else to; show an utter lack of knowledge of the con- the proposition that, inasmuch as judges are chosen to serve ditions of life among the great masses of our fellow-countrymen, the interests of th-e whole people, they should strtve to find out a lack which unfits: a judge to do good service just as it would what those interests are, and, so far as they conscientiously unfit any executive or legislative offi-cer. can, should strive to give effect to popular conviction when 'l'here is also, I think, ground for the belief that substantial deliberately and duly exp-ressed by the lawmaking body. The injustice is often suffered by employees in consequence of th-e eourts are to be highly commended and staunchly upheld when custom of courts issuing temporary injunctions without notice they set their faces against wrongdoing or tyranny by a rna­ to them, and punishing them for contempt of court in instances j.ority; but they are to be blamed when they fail to recognize where, as a matter of fact, th-ey have no knowledge of any pro- under a government Uke ours the deliberate judgment of the ceedings. Outside of organized labor there is a widespread majority as to a matter of legitimate policy, when dl:lly ex­ feeling that this system often works great injustice to wage- pressed by the legislature. Such lawfully expressed and delio­ workers when their efforts to better their working condition erate judgment should be given effect by the courts, save in result in industrial disputes. A temporary inJunction p-ro- the e..""Ctreme and exceptional cases where there has been a clear cured ex: parte may as a matter of fact have all the efl'ect of a 'Violation of a constitutional provision. Anything like frivolity permanent injunction in causing· disaster to the wage-workers' or wantonness in upsetting such clearly taken governmental side in snch a dispute. Organized labor fs chafing under the action is a grave offense against the Repub-lic. To protest unjust restraint which comes-from repeated resort to this plan against tyranny, to protect minorities from oppression, to nul­ of procedure. Its discontent has been unwisely expressed, and lify an act committed in a spasm of popular fury, is to render often improperly expressed, but there is a sound basis for it, a service to the Republic. But for the courts to arrogate to and the orderly and law-abiding people of a community would themselves functions which properly belong to the legislative be in a far stronger position for upholding the courts if the bodies is all wrong, and in the end works mischief. The- people undoubtedly e:tistlng abuses could be provided against~ should not be permitted to pardon evil and slipshod legislation Such proposals as those mentioned above as advocated by the on the theory that the court will set it right;, they should extreme labor leaders, contain the 'Vital error of being- class be b,mght that the right way to get rid of a bad law is to have legislation of the most offensive kind, and even if enacted into the legislature repeal it, and not to have the courts by ingenious law I believe that the law would rightly be held unconstitu- hair-splitting nullify it. A law may be unwise and improper; tional. :Moreover, the labor people are themselves now begin- but it should not for these reasons be declared unconstitutional ning to invoke the use of the power of injunction. During the by a strained interpretation, for the result of such action is last ten years, and within my own knowledge,. at least fifty in- to take away from the people at large their sense of responsi­ 'unctions have been obtained by labor unions in New York City bility and ultimately to destroy their capacity for orderly self alone, must of them being to protect the union label (a "prop- restraint and self government. Under such a popular govern­ erty right"), but some being obtained for other reasons against ment as ours, founded on the theory that in the long run the employers. The power of injunction is a great equitable will of the people is supreme, the ultimate safety of the Nation remedy. which should on no account be destroyed. But safe- can only rest in training and guiding the people so that what guards should be erected against its abuse. I believe that they will shall be· right and not in devising means to defeat some such pro"\Cisions as those I advocated a year ago for check- their will by the techni~alities of strained construction. ing the abuse of the issuance of temporary injunctions should For many of the shortcomings of justice in our country our be adopted. In substance, provision should be made that no people as a whole are themselves to blame, and the judges and injunction or temporary restraining order issue otherwise than juries merely bear their share together with the public as a on notice, except where irreparable injury would otherwise whole. It is discreditable to us as a people that there should result; and in such case a hearing on the merits of the order be difficulty in convicting murderers, or in bringing to justice should be had within a short fixed period, and, if n(}t then men who as public servants have been guilty of corruption, or continued after hearing, it should forthwith lapse. Decisions who have profited by the corruption of publie servants. The should be rendered immediately, and the chance of delay result is equally unfortunate, whether due to hairsplitting tech­ minimized in every way. Moreover, I believe that the p1·oce- nica.litfes in the interpretation of law by judges, to senti­ dure should be sharply defined, and the judge required minutely mentality and class consciousness on the part of Juries, or to to state the particulars both of his action and of ills reasons hysteria and sensationalism in the daily press. For much o:t therefor. so that the Congress can, if it desires, examine and this failure of justice no responsibility whatever lies on rich investigate the same. men as such. We who make up the mass of the people can not 22 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. DECEMBER 8,

shift the responsibility from our own shoulders. But there is fully guarded manner. Our judges should be held in peculiar an important part of the failure which has specially to do with honor; and the duty of respectful and truthful comment and inability to hold to proper account men of wealth who behave criticism, which should be binding when we speak of anybody, badly. should be especially binding when we speak of them. On an The chief breakdown is in dealing with the new relations that average they stand above any other servants of the community, arise from the mutualism, the interdependence of our time. and the greatest judges have reached the high level held by Every new social relation begets a new type of wrongdoing--of those few greatest patriots whom the whole country delights to sin, to use an old-fashioned word-and many years always honor. But we must face the fact that there are wise and elapse before society is able to turn this sin into crime which unwise judges, just as there are wise and unwise executives can be effectively punished at law. During the lifetime of the and legislators. When a president or a governor behaves im­ older men now alive the social relations have changed far more properly or unwisely, the remedy is easy, for his term is short; rapidly than in the preceding two centuries. The immense the same is true with the legislator, although not to the same I· growth of corporations, of business done by associations, and the degree, for he is one of many who belong to some given legis­ extreme strain and pressure of modern life, have produced con­ lative body, and it is therefore less easy to fix his personal ditions which render the public confused as to who its re..'lily responsibility and hold him accountable therefor. With a dangerous foes are; and among the public servants who have judge, who, being human, is also likely to err, but whose tenure not only shared this confusion, but by some of their acts have is for life, there is no similar way of holding him to responsi­ increased it, are certain judges. Marked inefficiency has been bility. Under ordinary conditions the only forms of pressure to shown in dealing with corporations and in re-settling the proper which he is in any way amenable are, public opinion, and the attitude to be taken by the public not only towards corpora­ action of his fellow judges. It is the last which is most im­ tions, but towards la~or, and towards the social questions aris­ mediately effective, and to which we should look for the reform ing out of the factory system, and the enormous growth of our of abuses. Any remedy applied from without is fraught with great cities. risk. It is far better, from every standpoint, that the remedy The huge wealth that has been accumulated by a few indi­ should come from within. In no other nation in the world do Tiduals of recent years, in what has amounted to a social and the courts wield such vast and far-reaching power as in the industrial revolution, has been as regards some of these indi­ United States. All that is necessary is that the courts as a viduals made possible only by the improper use of the modern whole should exercise this power with the farsighted wisdom corporation. A certain type of modern corporation, with its already shown by those judges who scan the future while they officers and agents, its many issues of securities, and its con­ act in the present. Let them exercise this great power not stant cansolidation with allied undertakings, finally becomes only honestly and bravely, but with wise insight into the needs an instrument so complex as to contain a greater number of and fixed purposes of the people, so that they may do justice, elements that, under various judicial decisions, lend themselves and work equity, so that they may protect all persons in their to fraud and oppression than any device yet evolved in the rights, and yet break down the barriers of privilege, which is human brain. Corporations are necessary instruments of mod­ the foe of right. ern business. They have been permitted to become a menace FORESTS. largely because the governmental representatives of the people If there is any one duty which more than another we owe it to have worked slowly in providing for adequate control over our children and our children's children to perform at once, it is them. to save the forests of this country, for they constitute the first The chief offender in any given case may be an executive, a and most important element in the consei·vation of the natural legislature, or a judge. Every executive head who advises resources of the country. There are of course two kinds of violent, instead of gradual, action, or who advocates ill-con­ natural resources. One is the kind which can only be used as sidered and sweeping measures of reform (especially if they are part of a process of exhaustion; this is true of mines, natural tainted with vindictiveness, and disregard for the rights of the oil and gas wells, and the like. The other, and of course ulti­ minority) is particularly blameworthy. The several legisla· mately by far the most important, includes the resources which tures are responsible for the fact that our laws are often pre­ can be improved in the process of wise use; the soil, the rivers, pared with slovenly haste and lack of consideration. Moreover, and the forests come under this head. Any really civilized na­ they are -often prepared, and still more frequently amended dur­ tion will so use all of these three great national assets that the ing passage, at the suggestion of the very parties against whom nation will have their benefit in the future. Just as a farmer, they are afterwards enforced. · Our great clusters of corpora­ after all his life making his living from his farm, will, if he is tions, huge trusts and fabulously wealthy multimillionaires, an expert farmer, leave it as an asset of increased value to employ the very best lawyers they can obtain to pick flaws in his son, so we should leave our national domain to our children, these statutes after their passage; but they also employ a class increased in value and not worn out. There are small sections of secret agents who seek, under the advice of experts, to rend~r of our own country, in the East and in the West, in the Adiron­ hostile legislation innocuous by making it unconstitutional, often dacks, the White :Mountains, and the Appalachians, and in the through the insertion of what appear on their face to be drastic Rocky Mountains, where we can already see for ourselves the and sweeping provisions against the interests of the parties damage in the shape of permanent injury to the soil and the inspiring them; while the demagogues, the corrupt creatures riT"er systems which comes from reckless deforestation. It who introduce blackmailing schemes to "strike" corporations, matters not whether this deforestation is due to the actual and all who demand extreme, and undesirably radical, measures, reckless cutting of timber, to the fires that inevitably follow show themselves to be the worst enemies of the very public such reckless cutting of timber, or to reckless and uncontrolled whose loud-mouthed champions they profess to be. A very strik­ grazing, especially by the great migratory bands of sheep, the ing illustration of the consequences of carelessness in the prep­ unchecked wandering of which over the country means de­ aration of a statute was the employers' liability law of 1906. struction to forests and disaster to the small home makers, the In the cases arising under that law, four out of six courts of settlers of limited means. first instance held it unconstitutional; six out of nine justices Shortsighted persons, or persons blinded to the future by of the Supreme Court held that its subject-matter was within desire to make money in every way out of the present, sometimes the province of congressional action; and four of the nine jus­ speak as if no great damage would be done by the reckless de­ tices held it valid. It was, however, adjudged unconstitutional struction of our forests. It is difficult to have patience with by a bare majority of the court-five to four. It was surely a the arguments of these persons. Thanks to our own reckless­ very slovenly piece of work to frame the legislation in such ness in the use of our splendid forests, we have already crossed shape as to leave the question open at all. the verge of a timber famine in this country, and no measures Real damage has been done by the manifold and conflicting that we now take can, at least for many years, undo the mischief interpretations of the interstate commerce law. _ Control over the that has already been done. But we can prevent further mis­ great corporations doing interstate business can be effective only chief being done; and it would be in the highest degree repre­ if it is vested with full power in an administrative department, hensible to let any consideration of temporary convenience or a branch of the Federal executive, carrying out a Federal law; temporary cost interfere with such action, especially as regards it can never be effective if a divided responsibility is left in both the National Forests which the nation can now, at this very the States and the Nation; it can never be effective if left in the moment, control. bands of the courts to be decided by lawsuits. All serious students of the question are aware of the great The courts hold a place of peculiar and deserved sanctity damage that has been done in the Mediterranean countries of under our form of government. Respect for the law is essential Europe, Asia, and Africa by deforestation. The similar damage to. the permanence of our institutions ; and respect for the law that has been done in Eastern Asia is less well known. A recent is largely conditioned upon respect for the courts. It is an investigation into conditions in North China by Mr. Frank N. offense against the Republic to say anything which can weaken Meyer, of the Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States this respect, save for the gravest reason and in the most care- Department of Agriculture, has incidentally furnished in very ! 1908 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 23 striking fashion proof of the ruin that comes from reckless land itself. In northern China the mountains are now such as deforestation of mountains, and of the further fact that the are shown by the accompanying photographs, absolutely barren damage once done may prove practically irreparable. So im­ peak-s. Not only have the forests been destroyed, but because portant are these investigations that I herewith attach as an of thei:r destruction the soil has been washed off the naked ·appendix a to my message certain photographs showing present rock. The terrible consequence is that it is impossible now conditions in China. They show in Yivid fashion the appalling to undo the damage that has been done. .:Many centuries would desolation, taking the shape of barren mmmtains and gravel­ have to pass before soil would again collect, or could be made and-sand-covered plains, which immediately follows and de­ to collect, in sufficient quantity once more to support the old­ pends upon the deforestation of the mountains. Not many time forest growth. In consequence the Mongol Desert is centuries ago the country of northern China was one of -the practically extending eastward over northern China. The most fertile and beautiful spots in the entire world, and was climate bas changed and is still changing. It has changed even heavily forested. We lmow this not only .from the old Chinese within the last half century, as the work of tree destruction records, but from the accounts given by the traveler, Marco has been consummated. The great masses of arboreal vegeta­ Polo. .He, for instance, mentions tha.t in visiting the provinces tion on the mountains formerly absorbed the heat of the sun of Shansi and Shensi he observed many plantations of mul­ and sent up currents of cool air which brought the moisture­ berry trees. Now there is hardly a single mulberry tree in-either laden clouds lower and forced them to precipitate in rain a of these provinces, and the culture of the silkworm has moved pa:rt of their burden of w.ater. Now that there is no vegetation, fa1·ther south, to regions of atmospheric moisture. As an illus­ the barren mountains, scorched by the sun, send up currents tration of the complete change in the rivers, we may take af heated air which drive away instead of attracting th.e rain Polo's statement that a certain river, the Hun Ho, was so clouds, and ·cause their moisture to be disseminated. .In conse­ large and deep that merchants ascended it from the sea with quence, instead of-the regular and plentiful rains which existed ·heavily laden boats; today this river is simply a broad sandy in these regions of Ohina when the forests were still in e:vidence, bed, with shallow, .rapid currents wandering hither and thither the unfortunate inhabitants of the deforested lands .now see across it, absolutely unnavigable. But we do not have to de­ their crops wither for lack of rainfall, while the seasons grow pend upon written records. "The dry wells, and the wells more and more irregular; and as the air becomes drie>.r certain with water far below the former watermark, bear testimony to crops refuse longer to grow at all. "That everything dries out the good days of the past and the evil days of the present. faster than formerly is shown by the fact that the level of the Wherever the native \egetation has been allowed to remain, wells all over the land has sunk perceptibly, many of them as, for instance, here and there around a sacred temple or having become totally dry. In addition to the resulting agri­ imperial burying ground, there are still huge trees and tangled cultural distress, the watercourses have changed. F

INDE.PENDENT BUREAUS AND COMMISSIONS. not ·Only with us .as a people and with our pm·poses towards Economy and sound business policy require that all existing them, but with what we .have to exchange for their .goods. It is independent bureaus and commissions should be placed under an international institution supported by .all the governments of the jurisdiction of appropriate executive departments. It is the two Americas. unwise from every standpoint, and results only in mischief, to PANAMA CANAL. have any executive work done save by the purely executive The work on the Panama Canal is being done with a speed, bodies, under the control of the President; and each such execu­ efficiency and entire devotion to duty, which make it a model for tive body should be under the immediate aupervision of a Cabi­ all work of the kind. No task of such magnitude has ever be­ net Minister. fore been undertaken by any nation; and no task of the kind .has STATEHOOD. ever been bette1· performed. The II+en on the Isthmus, from I advocate the immediate admission of New Mexico and Ari­ Colonel Goethals and his fellow commissioners through the en­ zona as States. This should be done at the present session ofthe tire list .of employees who are faithfully doing their duty, have Congress. The _people of the two Territories have made it evi­ won their right to the ungrudging respect and gratitude of the dent by their votes that they will not come in aB one State. The American people. only alternative is to admit them as two, and I trust that this OCEAN MAIL LINES. will be done without delay. I again recommend the extension of the ocean mail act of 1891 INTERSTATE FISHERII;llS. so that satisfactory American ocean mail lines to South America, I call the attention ()f the Congress to the importance of the Asia, the Philippines, and Australasia may be established. The problem of the fisheries in the interstate waters. On the Great creation of such steamship lines should be the natural corollary Lakes we are now, under the very wise treaty of ApTil 11th of of the 1:oyage of the battle :fleet. It should precede the opening this year, endeavoring to come to an international agreement of the Panama Canal. Even under favorable conditions several for the preservation and satisfactory use of the fisheries of these years must .elapse b-efore such lines can be put into operation. waters which can not otherwise be achieved. Lake Erie, for .A.ccordingly I ·urge that the Congress act promptly where fore­ example, has the richest fresh water fisheries in the world; but sight already shows that action sooner ·or later will be inevitable. it is now controlled by the statutes of two Nations, four States, 'HAWAII. and one Province, and in this Province by different ordinances in I call particular attention to the Territory of Hawaii. The different counties. All these political divisions work at ·Cl'OSS importance of those islands is apparent, and the need of improv­ purposes, and in no case can they achieve protection to the ing their condition and. developing their resources is urgent. In fisheries, on the one hand, and justice to the localities and indi­ recent years industrial conditions upon the islands have radi­ viduals on the other. The case is similar in Puget Sound. .cally changed. The importation of coolie labor has practically But the problem is quite as pressing in the interstate waters ceased, and there is now developing such a diversity .in agri­ of the United States. The salmon fisheries of the Columbia cultural products as to make possible a change in the land .con­ River are now but a fraction of what they were twenty-five ditio!ls of the Territory, so that an opportunity may be given to years ago, and what they would be now if the United States the small land owner similar to that on the mainland. To aid Government had taken complete charge of them by intervening these changes, the National Government must provide the neces­ between Oregon and Washington. During these twenty-five sary harbor improvements on each island, so that the agricul­ years the fishermen of each State have naturally tried to t:lli:e tm·al products can be carried to the markets of the world. The ~ll they could get, and the two legislatures have never been able coastwise shipping laws should be .amended to meet the special to agree on joint action of any kind adequate ill degree for the needs of the islands, and the alien contract labor law should be protection of the fisheries. At the moment the fishing on the so modified in its application to Hawaii as to enable American Oregon side is practically closed, while there is no limit on the and European la.bor to be brought thither. Washington side of any kind, and no one can tell what the We have begun to improve Pearl Harbor for a naval base .and courts will decide as to the very statutes under which this to provide the necessary military fortifications for the protec­ action and nonaction result. · Meanwhile very few salmon reach ti.on of the islands, but I can not too strongly emphasize the the spawning grounds, and probably four years ·hence the need of appropriations for these purposes of such an amount as fisheries will amount to nothing ; and this comes from a struggle will within the shortest possible time make those islands :prac­ between the associated, or gill-net, fishermen on the one hand, tically impregnable. It is useless to develop the industrial con­ and the owners of the fishing wheels up the river. The ·fisheries ditions .of the islands and establish there bases of supply for our .of the Mississippi, the Ohio, and the Potomac are also in a bad naval and merchant ileets unless we insure, as far as human way. For this there is no remedy except far the United States ingenuity can, their safety from foreign seizure. to control and legislate for the interstate fisheries as part of One thing to be remembered with all .our fortifications is the business of interstate commerce. In this case the ma­ that it is almost useless to make them impregnable from the ·chinery for scientific investigation .a.rid for control already ex­ sea if they are left open to land attack. This is true even of ists in the United States Bureau of Fisheries. In this as m our own coast, but it is doubly true of our insular possessions. similar problems the obvious and simple rule should :be fol­ In Hawaii, for instance, it is worse than useless to establish a lowed of having those matters which no particular State can naval station unless we establish it behind fortifications so manage taken in hand by the United States; problems, which in strong that no landing force can take them. save by regular and the seesaw of conflicting State legislatures are absolutely un­ long-continued siege operations. solvable, are easy enough for the Congress to .control. THE PH'ILLPPINES. F.ISHER.IES AN.D FUB SEALS. The federal statute regulating interstate traffic in game should Real progress toward self-government is being made in the be extended to include fish. New federal fish hatcheries should Philippine Islands. The gathering of a Philippine legislative be established. The administration of the Alaskan fur-seal body and Philippine assembly marks a process absolutely new in Asia, not only as regards Asiatic colonies of European powe-rs serv:iee should be vested in the Bm·eau of Fisheries. but as regards Asiatic possessions of other Asiatic powers; and, FOREIGN AFFAIRS. indeed, always excepting the -striking and wonderful example This Nation's foreign policy is based on the theory that right afforded by the great Empire of Japan, it opens an entirely new must be done between nations precisely as between individuals, departure when compared with anything which has happened and in our actions for the last ten years we have in this matter among Asiatic powers which are their own masters. Hitherto proven our faith by our deeds. We have beha-ved, and are be­ this Philippine legislature has acted with moderation and self­ having, towards other nations, as in private life an honorable resh·aint, and has seemed in practical fashion to realize the man would behave towards his fellows. eternal truth that there must always be g-<>vernment, and that LATIN-AMERICAN REPUBLLCS. the only way in which any body of individuals can escape the The commercial and material progress of the twenty Latin­ necessity of being governed by outsiders is to show that they American Republics is worthy of the careful attention of the · are able to restrain themselves, to keep down wrongdoing and Congress. No other section of the world has shown a greater · disorder. The Filipino -people, through their officials, are there­ proportionate development of its forejgn trade during the last fore making real steps in the direction of self-government. I ten years and none other has more speC'ml claims on the inter­ hope and believe that these steps mark the beginning of .a est Df the United States. It offers to-day p.r.obably larger op­ course which will .contin:ae till the Filipinos become fit to ·decide portunities for the legitimate expansion -of our commerce than for themselves whether they desire to be an independent nation. any other group of countries. These countries will want 'Our But it is well for them {and well also for those Americans who products in greatly increased quantities, and we shall corre­ during the past decade have done so much damage to the Fili­ spondingly need theirs. The International Bureau of the Ameri- . pinos by agitation for an immediate :independence for which can Republics is doing a useful work in making these nations they were totally unfit} to remember that self-gov~rnment de-­ and their resources better known to us, and in acquainting them pends, and must depend, upon the Filipinos themselves. All . 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 27

we can do is to give them the opportunity to develop the the higher grades many men of mediocre capacity who .bave but capacity for self-government. If we had followed the advice of a short time to serve. No man should regard it as his \ested the foolish doctrinaires who wished us at any time during the right to rise to the highest rank in the Army any more than in last ten years to turn the Filipino people adrift, ·we should have any other profession. It is a curious and by no means credit­ shirked the plainest possible duty and have inflicted a lasting able fact that there should be so often a failure on the part of wrong upon the Filipino people. We have acted in exactly the the public and its representatives, to understand the great need, opposite spirit. We have given the Filipinos constitutional gov­ from the standpoint of the service and the Nation, of refusing ernment; a government based upon justice; and we have shown to promote respectable, elderly incompetents. The higher places that we have governed them for their good and not for our should be given to the most deserving men without regard to aggrandizement. At the present time, as during the past ten seniority; at least seniority should be treated as only one con­ years, the inexorable logic of facts shows that this Government sideration. In the stress of modern industrial competition no must be supplied by us and not by them. We must be wise business firm could succeed if those responsible for its manage­ and generous; we must help the Filipinos to master the difficult ment were chosen simply on the ground that they were the art of self-control, which is simply another name for self-gov­ oldest people in its employment; yet this is the course advocated ernment. But we can not give them self-government save in as regards the Army, and required by law for all grades except the sense of governing them so that gradually they may, if those of general officer. As a matter of fact, all of the best they are able, learn to govern themselves. Under the present officers in the highest ranks of the Army are those who have at­ system of just laws and sympathetic administration, we have tained their present position wholly or in part by a process of every reason to believe that they are gradually acquiring the selection. character which lies at the basis of self-government, and for The scope of retiring boards should be extended so that they which, if it be lacking, no system of laws, no paper constitu­ could consider general unfitness to command for any cause, in tion, will in any wise serve as a substitute. Our people in the order to secure a far more rigid enforcement than at present Philippines have achieved what may legitimately be called a in the elimination of officers for mental, physical or tempera­ marvelous success in giving to them a government which marks mental disabilities. But this plan is recommended only if the on the part of those in authority both the necessary understand­ Congress does not see fit to provide what in my judgment is ing of the people and the necessary purpose to serve them dis­ far better; that is, for selection in promotion, and for elimina­ interestedly and in good faith. I trust that within a generation tion for age. Officers who fail to attain a certain rank by a the time will arrive when the Philippines can decide for them­ certain age should be retired-for instance, if a man should not selves whether it is well for them to become independent, or attain field rank by the time he is 45 he should of course be to continue under the protection of a strong and disinterested phtc(·l on the retired list. General officers should be selected" as power, able to guarantee to the islands order at home and pro­ at present, and one-third of the other promotions should be made tection from foreign invasion. But no one can prophesy the by selection, the selection to be made by the President or the exact date when it will be wise to consider independence as a Secretary of War from a list of at least two candidates pro­ fixed and definite policy. It would be worse than folly to try posed for each vacancy by a board of officers from the arm of to set down such a date in advance, for it must depend upon the service from which the promotion is to be made. A bill is the way in which the Philippine people themselves develop the now before the Congress having for its object to secure the pro­ power of self-mastery. motion of officers to various grades at reasonable ages thro11gh PORTO RICO. a process of selection, by boards of officers, of the least efficient I again recommend that American citizenship be conferred for retirement with a percentage of their pay depending upon upon the people of Porto Rico. length of service. The bill, although not accomplishing all that CUBA. should be done, -is a long step in the right direction ; and I In Cuba our occupancy will cease in about two months' time; earnestly recommend its passage, or that of a more completely the Cubans have in orderly manner elected their own govern­ effective measure. mental authorities, and the island will be turned over to them. The cavalry arm should be reorganized upon modern lines. Our occupation on this occasion has lasted a little over two This is an arm in which it is peculiarly necessary that the field years, and Cubn has thriven and prospered under it. Our officers should not be old. The cavalry is much more difficult to earnest hope and one desire is that the people of the island shall form than infantry, and it should be kept up to the maximum now govern themselves with justice, so · that peace and order both in efficiency and in strength, for it can not be made in a may be secure. We will gladly help them to this end; but I hurry. At present both infantry and artillery are too few in would solemnly warn them to remember the great truth that number .for our needs. Especial attention should be paid to the only way a people can permanently aT"oid being governed development of the machine gun. A general service corps should from without is to Show that they both can and will govern be established. As things are now the average soldier has far themselves from within . too much labor of a nonmilitary character to perform. .TAP.A.NESE EXPOSITION. NATIONAL GUABD. The Japanese Government has postponed until 1917 the date Now that the organized militia, the National Guard, has of the great international exposition, the action being taken so been incorporated with the Army as a part of the national as to insure ample time in which to prepare to make the expo­ forces, it behooves the Government to do every reasonable sition. all that it should be made. The American commissioners thing in its power to perfect its efficiency. It should be as­ have \isited Japan and the postponement will merely give sisted in its instruction and otherwise aided more liberally ampler opportunity for America to be represented at the expo­ than heretofore. The continuous services of many well-trained sition. Not since the first international exposition has there regular officers will be essential in this connection. Such offi­ been one of greater importance than this will be, marking as cers must be specially trained at service schools best to qualify it does the fiftieth anniversary of the ascension to the throne them as instructors of the National Guard. But the detailing of the Emperor of Japan. The extraordinary leap to a fore­ of officers for training at the service schools and for duty with most place among the nations of the world made by Japan the National Guard entails detaching them from their regi­ during this half century is something unparalleled in all previ­ ments which are already greatly depleted by detachmE-nt of ous history. This exposition will fitly commemorate and sig­ officers for assignment to duties prescribed by acts of the Con­ nalize the giant progress that has been achieved. It is the gress. first exposition of its kind that has ever been held in Asia. The A bill is now pending before the Congress creating a number United States, because of the ancient friendship between the of extra officers in the Army, which if passed, as it ought to he, two peoples, because each of us fronts on the Pacific, and be­ wm enab-le more officers to be trained as instructors of National cause of the growing commercial relations between this country Guard and assigned to that duty. In case of war it will be of and Asia, takes a peculiar interest in seeing the exposition the utmost importance to have a large number of trained offi­ made a success in every way. cers to use for turning raw levies into good troops. I take this opportunity publicly to state my appreciation of There should be legislation to provide a complete plan for the way in which in Japan, in Australia, in New Zealand, and in organizing the great body of volunteers behind the Regular all the States of South America, the battle fleet has been re­ Army and National Guard when war has come. Congressional ceived on its practice \Oyage around the world. The American assistance should be given those who are endeavoring to pro­ Government can not too strongly express its appreciation of mote rifle practice so that our men, in the services or out of the abounding and generous hospitality shown our ships in them, may know how to use the rifle. While teams represent­ every port they visited. ing the United States won the rifle and revolver championships THE ABMY. of the world against all comers in England this year, it is As regards the Army I call attention to the fact that while unfortunately true that the great body of our citizens shoot our junior officers and enlisted men stand very high, the pres­ less and less as time goes on. To meet this we should encour~ ent system of promotion by seniority results in bringing into age rifle practice among schoolboys, and indeed among an 28 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 8, classes, as well as in the military services, by every means in The VICE-PRESIDENT. 'I'he message will be printed and our power. Thus, and not otherwise, may we be able to assist lie on the table. in presen•ing the peace of the world. Fit to hold our own against the strong nations of the earth, our voice for peace HULL CITY PLACF.P. 1-fiNING CLAIM. will carry to the ends of the earth. Unprepared, and there­ The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the followit.g fore unfit, we must sit dumb and helpless to defend ourselves, message from the President of the United States, which was protect others, or preserve peace. The first ste~in the direc­ read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the C()m­ tion of preparation to avert war if possible. and to be fit for mittee on Mines and Mining and ordered to be printed : war if it should come-is to teach our men to shoot. To the Senate of the United States: In response to Senate resolution No. 207, of May 29, 1908, ::rs follows: THEl NAVY. "Whereas on the 5th day of l!'ebruary, 1.898, patent was issued to W. S. Montgomery and others for the Hull Clty placer mining claim, I approve the recommendations of the General Board for the situate in the PueMo (Colo.} land district; and increase of the Navy, calling especial attention to the need of " Whereas it is alleged said patent was secured through bribery, additional desh·oyers and colliers, and above all, of the four perjury, and subornation of perjury, and other wrongful acts on the It part of those securing said patent: and battleships. is desirable to complete as soon as possible a '"Whereas the attention of the Interior Department and Department squadron of eight battleships of the best existing type. The of Ju tice has been called to the aforesaid charges and proof of said North Dakota, Delaware, Flo1·ida, and Utah will form the first wrongful n.cts fnrnished said departments, and no action has been taken division of this squadron. The four vessels proposed will form thereon : Therefore be it "Reso.lvea, 'l'bat the Secretary of the Interior and the Attorney­ the second diYision. It will be an improvement on the first, General of the United States be, and they are hereby, directed to trans­ the ships being of the heavy, single caliber. all big gun type. mit to the Senate of the United States all correspondence of every kind and description between any officer, agent, or employee of the United All the vessels should have the same tactical qualities, that is, States Government and any other person or persons whomsoever, per­ speed and turning circle, and as near as possible these tactical taining or appertaining to said matter." qualities should. be the same as is in the four vessels before I transmit herewith a communication from the Attorney-General, which sets forth all the facts of any importance contained in the corre­ named now being built. spondence called for by the resolution. There are a great number of I most earnestly recommend that the General Board be by documents, altogether- too many for the department to be able to copy law turned into a General Staff. There is literally no excuse with its present force of clerks. To have these documents copied would, whatever for continuing the present bureau organization of the in my judgment, necessitate a wasteful expenditure of public money which ought not to be incurred until the attention of the Senate has Navy. The Navy should be b·eated as a purely military organi­ been specifically called to the facts. If after consideration of the facts zation, and everything should be subordinated to the one object the Senate feels that the documents should be copied, an appropriation ot securing military efficiency. Such military efficiency can only should be ma.de for that purpose. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. be guaranteed in time of war if there is the most thorough THE WHITE HOUSE, December 8, 1908. previous preparation in time of peace--a preparation, I may add, which will in all probability prevent any need of war. J.UTENILE COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The Secretary must be supreme, and he should have as his The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following official advisers a body of line officers who should themselves message from the President of the United States, which was have the power to pass upon and coordinate all the work and read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ all the proposals of the several bureaus. A system of promo­ mittee on the Disb·ict of Columbia and ordered to be printed: tion by merit, either by selection or by exclusion, or by both To the Senate ana House of Ref)1'esentatives: processes, should be introduced. It is out of the question, if I transmit herewith the Second Annual Report of the Juvenile Court the present principle of promotion by mere seniority is kP.pt, of the District of Columbia, with accompanying papers, for the con­ sideration of the Congress. to expect to get the best results from the higher officers. Our THEODORE ROOSEVELT. men come too old, and stay for too short a time, in the high THE WHITE. HOUSE, December 8, 1908. command positions. Two hospital ships should be provided. The actual experience RELATIONS WITH COLOMBIA. of the hospital ship with the fleet in the Pacific has shown the The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following invaluable work which such a ship does, and has also proved message from the President of the United States, which was that it is well to have it kept under the command of a medical read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ officer. As was to be expected, all of the anticipations of trouble mittee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed: from such a command have proved completely baseless. It is as To the Senate: absurd to put a hospital ship under a line officer as it would be I transmit herewith the accomoa.nying papers in response to the reso­ lution of the Senate of May 5, 1{)08, requesting the President, if not in to put a hospital on shore under such a command. This ought his judgment incompatible with the interests of the _public service, to to have been realized before, and there is n(} excuse for failure communicate to the Senate all correspondence since January 18, 1904, relative to any further request by Colombia for arbitration, if such re­ to realize it now. quest was made, and any response of this Government thereto. Nothing better for the Navy from every standpoint has ever THEODORE ROOSEVELT. occurred than the cruise of the battle fleet around the world. THE WHITE. HOUSE, December 8, 1908. The improvement of the ships in every way has been extraordi­ PLAZUELA. SUGAR COMPANY, PORTO RICO. nary, and they have gained far more experience in battle tactics The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following than they would have gained if they had stayed in the Atlantic message from the President of the United State , which was waters. The American people have cause for profound grati­ read and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ fication, bQth in view of the excellent condition of the fleet as mittee on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico and ordered to be shown by this cruise, and in view of the improvement the cruise printed: has worked in this already high condition. I do not believe that there is any other service in the world in which the average of To the Bet.tate ana House of Representatives: In accordance with section 32 of an act of Congress entitled "An act character and efficiency in the enlisted men is as high as is now temporarily to provide revenues and a civil government for Porto Rico, the case in our own. I believe that the same statement can be and for other purposes," approved April 12, 1900, and section 2 of the joint resolution amending said act, approved May 1., 1900, I transmit made as to our officers, taken as a whole; but there must be a herewith copy of a franchise granted by the executive council of Porto reservation made in regard to those in the highest ranks-as to Rico, entitled "An ordinance granting to the Plazuela ugar Company which I have already spoken-and in regard to those who have the right to construct, maintain, and operate a pier on the sea front at just entered the service; because we do not now get full benefit 'Palmas Altas,' in the municipal district of Manati." THEODOB.l!l ROOSEVELT. from our excellent naval school at Annapolis. It is absurd not THE WHITE H OUSE, December 8, 1908. to graduate the midshipmen as ensigns; to keep them for two years in such an anomalous position as at present the law re­ GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN PANAMA. quires is detrimental to them and to the service. In the academy The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following itself, every first classrrian should be required to turn to serve message from the President of the United States, which was as petty officer and officer ; his ability to discharge his duties read and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ as such should be a prerequisite to his going into the line, and mittee on Interoceanic Canals and ordered to be printed: his success in commanding should largely determine his stand­ To the Senate ana House of Rep1·esentatives: ing at graduation. The Board af Visitors should be appointed I transmit herewith the report of the special commission appointed in January, and each member should be required to give at least by me to investigate conditions of labor- and h ousing of government employees on the Isthmus of Panama. The commission made careful six days~ service, only from one to three days' to be performed and extended inspecti

believe the Gov·ernment is treating us right, and we are .as much inter­ United States in the civil war, and who are not now on the re­ ested to see this thing a success as anyone.' This spirit of loyalty and interest in the work was evinced on many occ sions and should tired list of the Regula.r Army, Navy, or Marine Corps, and for be accounted an as et of the highest value to the Government in the other purposes, which was read twice by its title and referred accomplishment of its colossal task. The American p~ople are entitled to the Committee on Military Affairs. to just pride in the standard set by their Govei:nment for the treatment of the workers and the loyal service which has been the appropriate DEATH OF REPRESENTATIVES PARKER, WILEY, AND .POWERS. result.'' The commission expresses the hope that " the liberal and progressive Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. President, I submit the resolution which policy adopted in civil administration, in education, and in the care I send to the desk and ask for its adoption. · and treatment of employees of all races will be maintained and that The resolution was read, considered by unanimous consent, progress and improvement will be the watchword to the end.'' I am glad that the official reports previously received are con.firmed by these and unanimously agreed to, as follows : unprejudiced investigators. Resol,;ed, That the Senate has heard with deep sensibility the an­ '.rhe commission submitted valuable recommendations regarding minor nouncement of the death of Hon. WILLIAM H. PARKER, late a Repre­ defects of the service. Such of these as come under ~eeutive authority sentative from the State of South Dakota. I have ordered put into effect as far as possible. But I would call the attention of the Congress to the recommendation that the liberal hous­ Mr. JOHNSTON submitted the following resolution, which ing policy of the administration be continued as an essential condition was read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously ·of the industrial efficiency of the employees. agreed to: I especially lll"ge your favorable consideration of the recommenda­ tion to make a more liberal provision for employees permanently dis­ Resolf:ed, That the Senate has heard with deep sensibility the an­ a!Jled in wor·k on the Isthmian Canal. In the event of permanent dis­ nouncement of the death <>f Hon. ARlOSTO A. WILEY, late a Representa­ ablement those engaged in this great national enterprise should :receive tive from the State of Alabama. as generous treatment as is accorded to tho e who have 'been disabled Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I venture to inquire if in the defense of their country. After faithfnl and hazardous service these workers should not, when disabled, become public charges in alms­ there are other resolutions of a similar nature to be offered. houses or burdens upon relatives unable to provide for their support. If not, in behalf of the senior Senator from Maine [Mr. HALE], THEODORE ROOSEVELT. I offer the following resolutions. THE WHITE HOUSE, December 8~ 1908. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolutions submitted by the VOLUNTEER ARMY. Senator from New Hampshire will be read by the Secretary. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate ±he following The resolutions were read, as follows: message from the President of the United States, which was Resol1:ed, That the Senate has heard with. deep sensibility the an­ read and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the .Com­ nouncement of the death of Hon. LLEWELLYN POWERS, late a Represent­ ative from the State of Maine. mittee on Military Affairs and ordered to be printed: Resoh:ed, That as an additional mark of respect to tne memory of To the Senate and House of Representat·ives: those Representatives whose deaths have been announced the Senate do I transmit herewith the draft of a bill intended to replace the pres­ now adjourn. ent law under which the United States in time of emergency would The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the proceed to raise a volunteer army. What we now have on the statute books was placed there piecemeal and hurriedly, partly on the eve of resolutions submitted by the Senator from New Hampshire. the war with Spain and partly after hostilities had actually com- The resolutions were unanimoUBly agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock menced. - p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Wednesday, De­ Everyone familiar with the existing law is aware that 1t is faulty cember 9, 1908, at 12 o'clock meridian. and wholly inadequate to a speedy and proper organization of a volun­ teer force, and that in part it has become obsolete through recent legis­ lation affecting the organized militia. This proposed measure was NOl\IINATJONS. drawn up under the supervision of the Chief of Staff and has the hearty approval of the War Department. It is a carefully prepared fla: ecuti·ve nominations received by the Senate Decmnber 8, 1908. draft embodying as much of the existing law as seems wise and de­ signed to afford the complete machinery by which, should we be con­ SUPERVISING INSPECTOR OF STEAM VESSELS. fronted with a foreign war, the executive power could proceed at once Daniel J. Dougherty, of Pennsylvania, who was appointed to transform enthusiastic and patriotic citizens into efficient and or­ ganized soldiers. Happily there is at present no cloud upon our August 7, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be super­ horizon, but that very fact affords us the best opportunity to proceed vising inspector of steam vessels for the seventh district, in the with deliberation and care in the preparation of laws adequate and Steamboat-Inspection Service, Department of Commerce and indispensable for our possible war needs. This measure would not call for a doHar's expenditure during the Labor. years of peace, and its enactment into law now would merely be to CoNSULS-GENERAL. place at the disposition of the executive power machinery whereby, should war threaten, the means to wage it could be swiftly brought John P. Bray, of North Dakota, lately !!Onsul-general at Mel­ into being. To do this, however, requires not merely adequate legis­ bourne, to be consul-general of the United States of class 4 at lative provision. Grounded upon the law there must be a vast mass Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, to which office he was of detail Wl"ought into a comprehensive plan and ready upon the in­ stant to be set into motion. The Congress bas provided a General transferred during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an Staff Corps a::nd built for the War College a permanent and beautiful original vacancy. home, a.nd the next logical step is to pass a comprehensive volunteer Hector de Castro, of New York, lately consul-general at Rome, act to the end that the existing agencies may work out in advance the details of its execution. to be consul-general of the United States of class 5 a.t Zuric~ The proposed bill is elastic: Under its provisions a force of 2,000,000 Switzerland, to which office he was tr·ansferred during the last men could be raised as well as one of 50,000. In making a volunteer recess of the Senate, vice Adam Lieberknecht, declined transfer. army a sufficient staff is indispensable at the start, since without it organization can not proceed. This bill {lrovides for this need and Ernest L. Harris, of Illinois, lately consul of class 6 at for every other matter connected with raismg a volunteer force which Smyrna, to be consul-general of the United States of class 6 it is thought wise to incorporate in the law. It was prepared under at Smyrna, Turkey, to which office he was promoted during the the direction of Mr. Taft when Secretary of War, and · has, therefore, the approval of the gentleman who is to be my succt>ssor as Commander last recess of the Senate, to fill an original \acancy. in Chief, and I trust it may commend itself to the favorable con­ John Edward Jones, of the District of Columbia, lately consul sideration of the Congress as it has to mine. of class 6 at Winnipeg, to be consul-general of the United THEODORE ROOSEVELT. THE WHITE HOUSE, December 8, 1908. States of class 5 at Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an EXECUTIVE SESSION. original vacancy. Mr. CULLOM. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ Paul Nas~ of New York, lately consul at Rheims, to be sideration of executi\e business. consul-general of the United States of class 6 at Budapest, The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the Hungary, to which office he was promoted during the last recess consideration of executive business. After eight minutes spent of the Senate, vice Frank Dyer Chester, resigned. in executive session the doors were reopened. James A . Smith, of Vermont, lately consul-general of class 5 JOINT INAUGURAL COMMITTEE. at Boma, to be consul-general of the United States of class 5 Mr. KNOX, from the Committee on Rules, reported the fol­ at Genoa, Italy, to which office he was transferred during the lowing concurrent resolution, which was considered by unani­ last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. mous consent and agreed to : Hunter Sharp, of North Carolina. lately consul of class 3 at Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), Kobe, to be consul-general of the United States of class 4 at That a joint committee consisting of three Senators and three Repre­ Moscow, Russia, to which office he was promoted during the last sentatives, to be appointed by the President of the Senate and the recess of the Senate, vice Samuel Smith, recalled. Speaker of tbe Honse of Representatives, respectively, is authorized to make the necessary arrangements for the inauguration of the President­ Robert P. Skinner, of Ohio, lately consul-general of class 4 elect of' the United States on the 4th day of March next. at Marseille, to be consul~general of the United States of class 2 at Hamburg, Germany, to which office he was promoted dur­ BILL INTRODUCED. ing the last recess of the Senate, viee Hugh Pitcairn, recalled. Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 7274} to create in the George N. West, of the District of Columbia, lately consul of War and Navy departments, respectively, a roll to be known as class 7 at Sydney, Nova Scotia, to be consul-general of the the "Civil war officers' ann.uity honor ron,u to authorize plac­ United States of class 5 at Vancouver, British Columbia, Can­ ing thereon with pay certain surviving officers who served in ada, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the Volunteer or Regular Army, Navy, or Marine Corps of the the Senate, vice L. Edwin Dudley, recalled. 30 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. DECEMBER 8,

Horace Lee Washington, of the District of Columbia, lately Percival Gassett, of the District of Columbia, to be consul of consul-general at large, to be consul-general of the United States the United States of class 8 at Jeres de la Frontera, Spain, to of class 4 at Mn --eille, France, to which office he was promoted which office he was appointed during the last recess of the during the last recess of the Senate, vice Robert P. Skinner, Senate, vice Hilary S. Brunot, resigned. promoted to be consul-general of class 2 at Hamburg: Arthur Garrels, of Missouri, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Zanzibar, Zanzibar, to which office he was ap­ CONSULS. pointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Calvin F . Joseph 1\f. Authier, of Rhode Island, lately consul of class 9 Smith, resigned. at St. Hyacinthe, to be consul of the United States of class D at Edwin N. Gunsaulus, of Ohio, lately consul of class 6 at Guadeloupe, West Indies, to which office he was transferred Rimouski, to be consul of the United States of class 3 at during the last recess of the Senate, vice G. Jarvis Bowens, Johannesburg, Transvaal, to which office he was promoted dur­ resigned. ing the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. George B. Anderson, of the District of Columbia, lately Michael J. Hendrick, of New York, lately consul of class 9 at consul of class 9 at Antigua, to be consul of the United States Belleville, to be consul of the United States of class 9 at Monc­ of class 8 at .Martinique, West Indies, to which office he ton, New Brunswick, Canada, to which office he was transferred was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice Chester during the last recess of the Senate, vice Gustave Beutelspacher, W. l\Iartin, promoted to be consul of class 7 at Barbados. resigned. George A. Bucklin, jr., of Oklahoma, lately consul of class 9 Arminius T. Haeberle, of Missouri, to be consul of the United at Glauchau, to be consul of the United States of class 8 States of class 9 at 1\fanzanillo, Mexico, to which office he· was at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to which office he was promoted appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Carl F . during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Deichman, promoted to be consul of class 7 at Tamsul. William Bardel, of New York, lately consul at Bamberg, to Joseph E. Haven, of Illinois, lately consul of class 8 at be consul of the United States of class 6 at Rheims, France, Crefeld, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Roubaix, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the France, to which office he was transferred during the last recess Senate, vice Paul Nash, promoted to be consul-general of class of the Senate, vice Chapman Coleman, promoted to be consul of 6 at Budapest. class 6 at Rome. · Robert S. S. Bergh, of North Dakota, lately consul of class Alexander Heingartner, of Ohio, lat~ly consul at Riga, to be 7 at 1\lainz, to be consul of the United States of class 7 "at cqnsul of the United States of class 8 at Batum, Russia, to Belgrade, Servia, to which office he was transferred during the which office he was promoted during the last recess of the last recess of the Senate, vice Maxwell K. Moorhead, trans­ Senate, vice William W. Masterson, promoted to be consul of ferred and appointed to be consul of class 8 at Acapulco. class 7 at Harput. David R. Birch, of Pennsyh-ania, lately consul at Genoa, to . Perdral Heintzleman, of Pennsylvania, lately a student inter­ be consul of the United States of class 6 at Alexandria, Egypt, preter at the legation to China, assigned to duty in the Division to which office he was transferred during the last recess of the of Far Eastern Affairs, Department of State, to be consul of Senate, to fill an original vacancy. the United States of class 8 at Swatow, China, to which office he Orlando H. Baker, of Iowa, lately consul at Sydney, New was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas South Wales, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at W. Haskins, deceased. Sandakan, British North Borneo, to which office he was trans­ George N. I1'ft, of Idaho, lately consul of class 7 at Annaberg, ferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Lester May­ to be consul of the United States of class G at Warsaw, Russia, nard, promoted to be consul of class 6 at Vladivostok. to which office :te was promoted during the last recess of the Wallace C. Bond, of Wyoming, lately consul of class 8 at Senate, vice Hernando de Soto, promoted to be consul at Riga. Aden, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Karachi, John F. Jewell, of Illinois, lately consul of class 7 at St India, to which office he was promoted during the last recess 1\Iichaels, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Mel­ of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. · bourne, Australia, to which office he was transferred during Chapman Coleman, of Kentucky, lately consul at Roubaix, the last recess of the Senate, vice John P. Bray, transferred to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Rome, Jtaly, to and appointed to be consul-general at Sydney, New South which office he was . promoted during the last recess of the Wales. Senate, to fill an original vacancy. George H. Jackson, of Connecticut, lately consul of class 8 Edward A. Creevey, of Connecticut, lately consul of class 7 at La Rochelle, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at at Colombo, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Cognac, France, to which office he was transferred during the St. Michaels, Azores, to which office he was transferred during last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. the last recess of the Senate, vfce John F. Jewell, transferred Douglas Jenkins, of South Carolina, to be consul of the and appointed to be consul of class 7 at Melbourne. United States of class 9 at St. Pierre, St. Pierre Island, to Arthur J. Clare, of the District of Columbia, lately consul of which office he was appointed during the last recess of the class 7 at Barbados, to be consul of the United States of class Senate, vice Charles M. Freeman, transferred and appointed 6 at Georgetown, Guiana, to which office he was promoted dur­ to be consul of class D at Durango. ing the last 1;ecess of the Senate, vice Selah Merrill, transferred Jesse B. Jackson, of Ohio, lately consul of class 8 at Alex­ and appointed consul of class 8 at Stettin. andretta, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Aleppo, William Coffin, of Kentucky, lately consul of class 9 at Mas­ Turkey, to which office he was promoted during the last recess kat, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Tripoli, Trip­ of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. oli, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of John E. Kehl, of Ohio, lately consul of clasE? 8 at Stettin, to the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. be consul of the United States of class 7 at Sydney, NoT"a Scotia, Frederick D. Cloud, of Iowa, lately a student interpreter at to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the the legation to China, to be consul of the United States of class Senate, vice George N. West, promoted to be consul-general of 8 at Antung, China, to which office he was promoted during the class 5 at Vancouver. last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Will L. Lowrie, of Illinois, lately consul of class 8 at Weimar, Herando de Soto, of California, lately consul at Warsaw, to to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Erfurt, Ger­ be consul of the United States of Class 7 at Riga, Russia, to many, to which office he was b·ansferred during the last recess which office he was promoted during the last recess of the of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Senate; vice Alexander Heingartner, promoted to be consul at C. Ludlow Livingston, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the Batum. United States of class 9 at Salina Cruz, Mexico, to which office Harry P . Dill, of Maine, lately ~onsul of class 8 at Port he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an Hope; to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Orillia, original vacancy. Ontario, Canada, to which office he was transferred during Alphonse J. Lespinasse, of New York, lately consul of class D the last recess of the Senate, vice Ernest A. Wakefield, promoted at Tuxpam, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at to be consul of class 6· at Rangoon. Frontera, Mexico, to which office he was promoted during the Frank C. Denison, of Vermont, lately consul of class 9 at last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Woodstock, to be consul of the United States of class 9 at William W. Masterson, of Kentucky, lately consul of· class 8 Fernie, British Columbia, Canada, to which office he was trans­ at Batum, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Bar­ ferred during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original put, Turkey, to which office he· was promoted during the last yacancy. recess of the Senate, vice Evan E . Young, promoted to be consul John Fowler, of Massachusetts, lately consul-general at Che­ of class 6 at Saloniki. foo, to be consul of the United States of class 4 at Chefoo, China, Chester W. Martin, of 1\Iichigan, lately consul of class 8 at to which office he was ·appointed during the last recess of the Martinique, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Bar­ Senate, to fill an original vacancy. bados, West Indies, to which office he was promoted during the 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3I

last recess of the Senate, vice Arthur J. Clare, promoted to be Second Lieut. Charles Frederic Howell to be first lieutenant consul of class 6 at Georgetown. in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as Robert E. Mansfield, of Indiana, lately consul of class 6 at such from AprH 7, 1908, in place of Detlef Frederick Argentino Lucerne, to be consul of the United States of class 4 at St. Gall, de Otte, promoted. Mr. Howell is now serving under a tempo­ Switzerland, to which office he was promoted during the last rary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. • recess of the Senate, vice Silas C. McFarland, promoted to be Second Lieut. William Henry Munter to be first lieutenant in consul-general at large. the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as Samuel E. Magill, of Illinois, lately consul-general at San such from April 22, 1908, in place of Francis Saltus Van Bos­ Salvador, to be consul of the United States of class 6. at kerck, promoted. Mr. Munter is now serving under a tempo­ Guadalajara, Mexico, to which office he was transferred during rary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Second Lieut. John Lovejoy Mahe:J: to be first lieutenant ln Frederick M. Ryder, of Connecticut, lately consul of class the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as 6 at San Juan del Norte, to be consul of the United States of such from April 25, 1908, in place of Francis Adelbert Levis, class 6 at Rimouski, Quebec, Canada, to which office he was promoted. 1\fr. Maher is now serving under a temporary com­ transferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Edwin N. mission issued during the recess of the Senate. Gunsaulus, promoted to be consul of class 3 at Johannesburg. Second Lieut. William Ambrose O'Malley to be first lieutenant Samuel C. Reat, of Illinois, to be consul of the United States in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as of class 9 at Port Louis, Mauritius, to which office he was ap­ such from October 26, 1908, in place of Colin Samuel Craig, pointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Theodosius deceased. Mr. O'Malley is now serving under a temporary com­ Botkin, transferred and appointed to be consul of class 9 at mission issued during the recess of the Senate. Campbellton. Second Lieut. Henry William Pope to be first lieutenant in James W. Ragsdale, of California, lately consul-general at St. the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as Petersburg, to be consul of the United States of .class 6 at St. such from December 15, 1907, in place of Charles Thomas Brian, Petersburg, Russia, to which office he was appointed during the retired. Mr. Pope is now serving under a temporary commission last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. issued during the recess of the Senate. John E. Rowen, of Iowa, lately consul of class 9 at Port Third Lieut. Wales Alfred Benham to be second lieutenant in Stanley, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Ptmta the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such Arenas, Chile, to which office he was promoted during the last from January 22, 1908, in place of Benjamin Little Brockway, recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. promoted. Mr. Benham is now serving under a temporary com­ Augustus G. Seyfert, of Pennsylvania, lately consul of class mission issued during a recess of the Senate. . 8 at Collingwood, to be consul of the United States of class 8 Third Lieut. Joseph Tillotson Drake to be second lieutenant in at Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada, to which office he was trans­ the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as ferred during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original such from September 4, 1907, in place of James :H'reeman Hottel, vacancy. promoted. Mr. Drake is now serving under a temporary com­ John H. Snodgrass, of West Virginia, lately consul of class 3 mission issued during the recess of the Senate. at Pretoria, to be consul of the United States of class 3 at Kobe, Third Lieut. John Jenkins Hutson to be second lieutenant in Japan, to which office he was transferred during the last recess the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as of the Senate, vice Hunter Sharp, promoted to be consul-general such from April 16, 1908, to fill a vacancy created by the act of of class 4 at Moscow. Congress approved April 16, 1908. Mr. Hutson is now serving Nathaniel B. Stewart, of Georgia, lately consul of class 9 at under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Castellamare di Stabia, to be consul of the United States of Senate. class 7 at Madras, India, to which office he was promoted during Third Lieut. Raymond Lockwood Jack to be second lieutenant the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as Clarence Rice Slocum, of New York, lately consul of class 8 such from March 9, 1908, in place of John Boedeker, promoted. at Zittau, to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Fiume, Mr. Jack is now serving under a temporary commission issued Hungary, to which office he was promoted during the last recess during the recess of the Senate. of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Third· Lieut. Chester Hardy Jones to be second lieutenant Ralph J. Totten, of Tennessee, to be consul of the United in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as States of class 9 at Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, to which such from April 16, 1908, to fill a vacancy created by the act of office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Congress approved April 16, 1908. Mr. Jones is now serving William H. Gale, promoted to be consul of class 8 at Malta. under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the William C. Teichmann, of Missouri, lately consul of class 8 Senate. at Eibenstock, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Third Lieut. John Farrell McGourty to be second lieutenant Colombo, Ceylon, to which office he was promoted during the in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as last recess of the Senate, vice Edward A. Creevey, transferred such from April 7, 1908, in place of Charles Frederic Howell, and appointed to be consul of class 7 at St. Michaels. promoted. .Mr. McGourty is now serving under a temporary Ernest A. Wakefield, of Maine, lately consul of class 8 at commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Orillia, to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Rangoon, Third Lieut. Fred Arthur Nichols to be second lieutenant in India, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. such from April 16, 1908, to fill a vacancy created by the act of Evan E. Young, of South Dakota, lately consul of class 7 at Congress approved April 16, 1908. Mr. Nichols is now serving Rarput, to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Saloniki, under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Turkey, to which office he was promoted during the last recess Senate. of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Third Lieut. Philip Francis Roach to be second lieutenant in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as PROMOTIONS IN THE REVENUE-CUTTER SERVICE. such from January 1, 1908, in place of Harold Dale Hinckley, First Lieut. Francis Adelbert Levis to be captain in the Rev­ promoted. Mr. Roach is now serving under a temporary com­ enue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such from mission issued during the recess of the Senate. April 25, 1908, in place of Worth Gwynn Ross, promoted. Mr. Third Lieut. Thomas Andrew Shanley to be second lieutenant Levis is now serving under a temporary commission issued dur­ in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as ing the recess of the Senate. such from December 15, 1907, in place of Henry William Pope, Second Lieut. Benjamin Little Brockway to be first lieutenant promoted. Mr. Shanley is now serving under a temporary in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as commission issued during the recess of the Senate. such from January 22, 1908, in place of Frederick Jules Haake, Third Lieut. Charles Frederic Seiter to be second lieutenant promoted. 1\Ir. Brockway is now serving under a temporary in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as commission issued during the recess of the Senate. such from April 16, 1908, to fill a vacancy created by the act Second Lieut. John Boedeker to be first lieutenant in the Rev­ of Congress approved April 16, 1908. Mr. Seiter is now serv­ enue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such from ing under a temporary commission issued during the recess of March 9, 1908, in place of George Metcalf Daniels, promoted. the Senate. Mr. Boedeker is now serving under a temporary commission First Lieut. of Engineers Frederick Elias Owen to be senior issued during the recess of the Senate. engineer in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, Second Lieut. Harold Dale Hinckley to be first lieutenant in to rank as such from July 1, 1908, in place of John Richard the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as Dally, retired. Mr. Owen is now serving under a temporary such from January 1, 1908, in place of George Creighton Car­ commission issued during the recess of the Senate. mine, promoted. Mr. Hinckley is now serving under a tempo­ Second Lieut. of Engineers John Irvin Bryan to be rlrst rary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the 32 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. D ECEMBER 8,

United States, to rank as such from J uly 1, 1908, in place of of Walter C. Witherbee, resigned. Mr. O'Brien is now serving Frederick Elias Owen, promoted. Mr. Bryan is now serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Senate. Charles A. Judson, of Ohio, to be collector of customs for the Third Lieut. of Engineers J ohn Thomas Carr to be second district of Sandusky, in the State of Ohio. Mr. Judson's term of lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the office expired April 29, 1908, and he held over under his com­ United States, to rank as such from April 16, 1908, to fill a mission dated April 30, 1904, until September 29, 1908, when he vacancy created by the act of Congress approved April 16, was reappointed by a temporary commission, under which he is 1908. Mr. Carr is now serving under a temporary commission now serving. issued during the recess of the Senate. William D. Crum, of South Carolina, to be collector of cus­ Third Lieut. of Engineers Clarence James Curtiss to be sec­ toms for the district of Charleston, in the State of South Caro­ ond lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of lina. (Reappointment.) t he United States, to rank as such from April16, 1908, to fill a vacancy created by the act of Congress approved April 16, 1908. SURVEYORS OF CUSTOMS. Mr. Curtiss is now serving under a temporary commission issued J . Frank Taylor, of Kentucky, to be surveyor of customs for d uring the recess of the Senate. the port of Louisville, in the State of Kentucky, in place of Third Lieut. of Engineers Webb Cudworth Maglathlin to be William G. Dearing, resigned. l\Ir. Taylor is now serving under second lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. of the United States, to rank as such from April 25, 1908, in Oscar I. Robbins, of Ohio, to be surveyor of customs for the place of Charles Augustus Wheeler, promoted. Mr. 1\Iaglathlin port of Dayton, in the State of Ohio. Mr. Robbins's term of is now serving under a temporary commission issued during the office expired April 29, 1908, and he held over under his commis­ recess of the Senate. sion dated April 30, 1904, until September 1, 190 , when he was Third Lieut. of Engineers Whitney Matthews Prall to be reappointed by a temporary commission, under which he is now second lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of serving. the United States, to rank as such from July 1, 1908, in place of John Irvin Bryan, promoted. Mr. Prall is now serving under PASSED AssiSTANT SURGEONS, MARINE-HosPITAL SERVICE. a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Asst. Surg. George L. (X>llins to be passed assistant surgeon Third Lieut. of .Engineers Albert Frank Patterson to be sec­ in the Public Health and Marine-Hcspital Service of the United ond lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of States, to rank as such from July 9, 1908. 1\Ir. Collins is now the United States, to rank as such from April 16, 1908, to fill a serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess ·vacancy created by the act of Congress approved· April 16, 1908. of the Senate. - 1\Ir. Patterson is now serving under a temporary commission is­ . Asst. Surg. Harvey G. Ebert to be passed assistant surgeon sued during the recess of the Senate. in the Public Health and 1\farine-Hospital Service of the United Third Lieut. of Engineers Frederick Harvey Young to be States, to rank as such from July 9, 1908. Mr. Ebert is now second lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess the United States, to rank as such from April16, 1908, to fill a of the Senate. • vacancy created by the act of Congress approved April16, 1908. Asst. Surg. Herbert M. Manning to be passed assistant surgeon 1\fr. Young is now serving under a temporary commission issued in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United during the recess of the Senate. States, to rank as such from July 9, 1908. Mr. Manning is now Cadet Engineer Frank Everett Bagger, of New' York, to be serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess third lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of of the Senate. the United States. Mr. Bagger is now serving under a temporary Asst. Surg. Norman Roberts to be passed assistant surgeon commission issued during the recess of the Senate. in the Public Health and :Marine-Hospital Service of the United Cadet Engineer Alvan Ho\ey Bixby, of Massachusetts, to be States, to rank as such from July 9, 1908. Mr. Roberts is now third lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess the United States. Mr. Bixby is now serving under a temporary of the Senate. commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Asst. Surg. Ernest A. Sweet to be passed assistant surgeon in Cadet Engineer Martin Augustus Doyle, of Virginia, to be the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United third lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of States, to rank as such from July 28, 1908. Mr. Sweet is now the United States. Mr. Doyle is now serving under a temporary serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess commission issued during the recess of the Senate. of the Senate. Cadet Engineer Philip Bently Eaton, of Connecticut, to be Asst. Surg. Robert D. Spratt to be passed assistant surgeon in third lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United the United States. Mr. Eaton is now serving under a temporary States, to rank as such from July 9, 1908. Mr. Spratt is now commission issued during the recess of the Senate. serving under a temporary commission issued during the recess Cadet Engineer Norman Brierley Hall, of New York, to be of the Senate. third lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of Asst. Surg. Frederick C. Smith to be passed assistant surgeon the United States. Mr. Hall is now sening under a temporary in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the commission issued during the recess of the Senate. United States, to rank as such from J uly 9, 1908. Mr. Smith Cadet Engineer Sydney Baxter Orne, of Maine, to be third is now serving under a temporary commission issued during the lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the recess of the Senate. United States. Mr. Orne is now serving under a temporary Asst. Surg. Thomas W. Salmon to be passed assistant surgeon commission issued during the recess of the Senate. in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the Cadet Engineer Hugh Burton Robinson, of New York, to be United States, to rank as such from July 9, 1908. Mr. Salmon third lieutenant of engineers in the ReYenue-Cutter Service of is now serving under a temporary commission issued during the the United States. l\Ir. Robinson is now serving under a tempo­ recess of the Senate. rary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Asst. Surg. William M. Wightman to be passed assistant Cadet Engineer Thomas Homer Yeager, of Virginia, to be surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of third lieutenant of engineers in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such from July 25, 1908. Mr. the United States. Mr. Yeager is now serving under a tempo­ Wightman is now serving under a temporary commission issued rary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. during the recess of the Senate. CoLLECTORs OF CusToMs. . ASSISTANT SURGEONS, MARINE~HOSPITAL SERVICE. J ohn R. Willis, of Alaska, to be collector of customs for the Randolph M. Grimm, of Virginia, to be assistant surgeon in district of Alaska, in the Territory of-Alaska, in place of Clar­ the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United ence L. Hobart, resigned. '.rhis appointment to take effect not States. Mr. Brimm is now serving under a temporary com­ earlier than December 31, 1908. . mission issued during the recess of the Senate. Walter T. Blake, of California, to be collector of customs foT Paul Preble, of Maine, to be assistant surgeon in the P ublic the district of San Diego, in the State of California, in place of Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. Mr. Frank W. Barnes, deceased. Preble is now serving under a temporary commission issued Sherman T. Newton, of New Hampshire, to be collector of during the recess of the Senate. customs for the district of Portsmouth, in the State of New Joseph R. RidJon, of Maine, to be assistant surgeon in the Hampshire. (Reappointment.) Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. John F. O'Brien, of New York, to be collector of customs for Mr. Ridlon is now serving under a temporary commission issued the district of Cha~plain, in the State of New Yor k, in place during the recess of the Senate. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 33

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF CHARITIES. ate, vice William B. Sorsby, appointed envoy extraordinary George E. Hamilton, of the District of Columbia, to be a and minister plenipotentiary to Honduras. member of the Board of Charities of the District of Columbia MINISTER RESIDENT AND CONSUL-GENERAL. for the term of three years from July 1, 1908, to which office he Hoffman Philip, of New York, lately secretary of the lega­ was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Charles tion and~ consul-general at Tangier, to be minister resident and P. Neill, retired. consul-general of the United States to Abyssinia, to which Myer Cohen, of the District of Columbia, to be a member of office he was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, to the Board of Charities of the District of Columbia for the term fiU an original vacancy. of three years from July 1, 1908, to which office he was reap­ SECRETARIES OF EMBASSIES. pointed during the last recess of the Senate. George W. Cook, of the Dish·ict of Columbia, to be a member Lewis Einstein, of New York, lately second secretary of the of the Board of Charities of the District of Columbia for the embassy at Constantinople, to be secretary of the embassy of term ending June 30, 1910, to which office he was appointed the United States at Constantinople, Turkey, to which office he during the last recess of the Senate, vice George l\1. Lightfoot, was promoted dm·ing the last recess of the Senate, vice Philip resigned. M. Brown, promoted to be envoy extraordinary and minister COMMISSIONER OF LABOR. plenipotentiary to Honduras. John W. Garrett, of Maryland, lately second secretary of the Charles P. Neill, of the District of Columbia, to be Commis­ embassy at Berlin, to be secretary of the embassy of the sioner of Labor, Department of Commerce and Labor. To take United States at Rome, Italy, to which office he was promoted effect February 1, 1909. (Reappointment.) during the last recess of the Senate, vice R. S. Reynolds Bitt, ASSISTANT TREASURERS. transferred and appointed secretary of the embassy at Berlin. Gideon C. Bantz, of Maryland, to be assistant treasurer of R. S. Reynolds Hitt, of Illinois, lately secretary of the em­ the United States, in place of James F. Meline, deceased. Mr. bassy at Rome, to be secretary of the embassy of the United Bantz is now serving under a temporary commission issued States at Berlin, Germany, to which office he was transferred during the recess of the Senate. during the last recess of the Senate, vice Spencer F. Eddy, pro­ George S. Terry, of New York, to be assistant treasurer of moted to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary the United States, in place of :aamilton Fish, resigned. to the Argentine Republic. Henry L. Janes, of Wisconsin, lately secretary of the legation DEPUTY ASSISTANT TREASURER. at Santiago, to be secretary of the embassy of the United States 'William H. Gibson, of Pennsylvania, to be deputy assistant at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to which office he was promoted dur­ treasurer of the United States, in place of Gideon C. Bantz, ing tbe last recess of the Senate, vice George L. Lorillard, trans­ promoted. Mr. Gibson is now serving under a temporary com­ ferred and appointed secretary of the legation at Lisbon. mission issued during the recess of the Senate. ·william 1!,. Sands, of the District of Columbia, lately secretary DEPUTY CoMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. of the legation at Guatemala, to be secretary of the embassy of the United States at Mexico, Mexico, to which office he was .. ___ Willis J. :B,owler, of Indiana, to be Deputy Comptroller of the promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice John Gardner Currency. New office created by act of Congress approved Coolidge, promoted to be envoy extraordinary and minister May 22, 1908. Mr. Fowler is now serving under a temporary plenipotentiary to Nicaragua. commission issued during the recess of the Senate. SECOND SECRETARIES OF EMBASSIES. MELTER },.ND REFINER OF THE MINT. Joseph C. Grew, of Massachusetts, lately third secretary of Edwin R. Leach, of California, to be melter and refiner of the embassy at St. Petersburg, to be second secretary of the the mint of the United States at San Francisco, Cal., in place embassy of the United States at Berlin, Germany, to which of Charles M. Gorhum, resigned. Mr. Leach is now serving office he was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the John W. Garrett, promoted to be secretary of the embassy at Senate. Rome. GENERAL APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE. John Van A. MacMurray, of New Jersey, lately secretary of Roy H. Chamberlain, of Iowa, to be general appraiser of mer­ the legation and consul-general at Bangkok, to be second sec­ chandise, in place of Wilbur F. Lunt, deceased. Mr. Chamber­ retary of the embassy of the United States at St. Petersburg, lain is now serving under a temporary commission issued dur­ Russia, to which office he was transferred during the last recess ing the recess of the Senate. of the Senate, vice Irwin B. Laughlin, transferred and ap­ pointed secretary of the legation to Greece and Montenegro. CoLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. A. Campbell Turner, of Missouri, lately second· secretary of Wanton A. Shippee, of California, to be collector of internal the legation at Habana, to be second secretary of the embassy revenue for the fourth district of California, in place of Henry at Mexico, Mexico, to which office he was· promoted during the C. Bell, deceased. Mr. Shippee is now serving under a tem­ last recess of the Senate, vice Paxton Hibben, transferred and porary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. appointed secretary of the legation at Bogota. Malcolm J. McLeod, of Michigan, to be collector of internal William Blumenthal, of New York, lately third secretary of revenue for the first district of Michigan, in place of David Me­ the embassy at Paris, to be second secretary of the embassy of ginnity, resigned. Mr. McLeod is now serving under a tem­ the United States at Constantinople, Turkey, to which office be porary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice Lewis Bernhard Bettmann, of Ohio, to be collector of internal rev­ Einstein, promoted to be secretary of the embassy at Con­ enue for the first district of Ohio, in place of Herman F. Cel­ stantinople. larius, resigned. Mr. Bettmann is now serving under a tempo­ THIRD SECRETARIES OF EMBASSIES. rary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Leland Harrison, of illinois, to be third secretary of the em­ ENVOYS EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY. · bassy of the United States at Tokyo, Japan, to which office he H. Percival Dodge, of Massachusetts, lately envoy extraordi­ was appointed during the recess of the Senate, to fill an ­ nary and minister plenipotentiary to Honduras and Salvador, original vacancy. to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Henry Coleman May, of the District of Columbia, lately sec­ United States to Salvador, to which office he was appointed retary of the legation at Panama, to be third secretary of the during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. embassy at St. Petersburg, Russia, to which office he was h·ans­ Philip l\f. Brown, of Massachusetts, lately secretary of the ferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Joseph C. embassy at Constantinople, to be envoy extraordinary and Grew, promoted to be second secretary of the embassy at minister plenipotentiary of the United States to Honduras, to Berlin. which office he was promoted during the last recess of the Arthur Orr, of Illinois, lately third secretary of the embassy Senate, vice William B. Sorsby, resigned. at Berlin, to be third secretary of . the embassy of the United William L. Merry, of California, lately envoy extraordinary States at London, England, to which office he was transferred and ·minister plenipotentiary to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, to during the last recess of the Senate, vice U. Grant Smith, pro­ be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the moted to be secretary of the legation at Santiago. United States to Costa Rica, to which office he was ~ppointed SECRETARIES OF LEGATIONS. during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Frederic Ogden de Billier, of the Dish·ict of Columbia, to be James F. Stutesman, of Indiana, to be envoy extraordinary Isecretary of the legation of the United States at Teheran, Persia, and minister plenipotentiary of the United States to Bolivia, 'to to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Sen- Senate, to fill an original vacancy. ·

~III-3 34 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEJ\ffiER 8,

Hugh S. Gibson, of California, to be secretary of the legation AsSISTANT CoMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. of the United States at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, to which office Robert G. Valentine, of Holliston, 1\fass., who was appointed he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an November 30, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be Assist­ original vacancy. ant Commissioner of Indian Affairs, vice Charles F. Larrabee, John H. Gregory, jr., of Louisiana, lately secretary of the resigned. legation to Honduras and Salvador, to be secretary of the lega­ tion of the United States at Managua, Nicaragua, to which INDIAN INSPECTORS, office he was transferred during the last recess of the S~nate, Z. Lewis Dalby, of Roanoke, Va., who was appointed June 1, to fill an original vacancy. 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be an Indian inspector, Paxton Hibben, of Indiana, lately second secretary of the vice Cyrus Beede, term expired. embassy at Mexico, to be secretary of the legation of the United Samuel F. O'Fallon, of Oregon, Mo., who was appointed June States at Bogota, Colombia, to which office he was transferred 1, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be an Indian in­ during the last recess of the Senate, vice William Heimk~, pro­ spector, vice J. George Wright, transferred, and Clinton H. moted to be envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary Scovell, temporary appointee. to . Guatemala. Will .M. Tipton, of Los Angeles, Cal., who was appointed June Philip 1\1. Hoefele, of Missouri, former third secretary of the 1, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be an Indian in­ embassy at Mexico, to be secretary of the legation of the United spector, vice James E. Jenkins, resigned, and James W. DuBois States at Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to which office Gould, temp01·ary appointee. he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSIONER. original vacancy. Irwin B. Laughlin, of Pennsylvania, lately second secretary Martin A. Knapp, of New York, to be an Interstate Commerce of the embassy at St. Petersburg, to be secretary of the legation Commissioner for the term of seven years from July 1, 1909. to Greece and Montenegro, to which office he was transferred This is a reappointment. during the last recess of the Senate, vice Stanton Sickles. JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES CoURT FQR CHINA. George L. Lorillard, of Rhode Island, lately secretary of the Rufus H. Thayer, of the District of Columbia, to be judge of embassy at Rio de Janeiro, to be secretary of the legation of the United States court for China, vice Lebbeus R. Wilfiey, the United States at Lisbon, Portugal, to which office he was resigned. - transferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas Ewing Moore. ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. Jacob Sleeper, of Massachusetts, lately secretary of the legation James A. Fowler, of Tennessee, to be Assistant Attorney-Gen­ at Caracas, to be secretary of the legation of the United States eral, who was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, at Berne, Switzerland, to which office he was transferred during vice Edward T. Sanford, appointed judge of the eastern and the last recess of the Senate, vice Paul Grand d'Hauteville, re­ middle districts of Tennessee. signed. Wade H. Ellis, of Ohio, to be assistant to the Attorney-Gen­ U. Grant Smith, of Pennsylvania, lately third secretary of the eral, who was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, embassy at London, to be secretary of the legation of the United vice Milton D. Purdy, appointed judge, Minnesota. States at Santiago, Chile, to which office he was promoted dur­ DISTRICT JUDGES. ing the last recess of the Senate, vice Henry L. Janes, pro­ moted to be secretary of the embassy at Rio de Janeiro. 1\filton Dwight Purdy, of Minnesota, to be United States dis~ Algernon Sartoris, of the District of Columbia, to be secre­ trict judge for the district of Minnesota, who was appointed tary of the legation at Guatemala, Guatemala, to which office during the last recess of the Senate, vice William Lochren, re­ he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice signed. (Mr. Purdy was nominated at the first session of the .William F. Sands, promoted to be secretary of the embassy at Sixtieth Congress and failed of confirmation.) Mexico. John E. Sater, of Ohio, to be United States district judge for George T. Weitzel, of Missouri, lately secretary of the legation the southern district of Ohio, who was appointed during the last to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, to be secretary of the legation recess of the Senate under the provisions of the act approved of the United States at Panama, Panama, to which office he was February 25, 1907, entitled "An act to provide for the appoint­ transferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Henry ment of an additional district judge in and for the southern dis­ Coleman May, transferred and appointed third secretary of trict of the State of Ohio." (Judge Sater was nominated at the the embassy at St. Petersburg. first session of the Sixtieth Congress and failed of confirmation.) Oscar R. Hundley, of Alabama, to be United States district SECOND SECRETARY OF LEGATION. judge for the northern district of Alabama, who was appointed G. Cornell Tarler, of New York, to be second secretary of the during the last recess of the Senate, under the provisions of the legation of the United States at Habana, Cuba, to which office act approved February 25, 1907, entitled "An act providing for he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice a United States judge for the northern judicial district of A. Campbell Turner, promoted to be second secretary of the Alabama." (Judge Hundley was nominated at the first session embassy at Mexico. of the Sixtieth Congress and failed of confirmation.) SECRETARY OF LEGATION AND CONSUL-GENERAL. UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS. Arthur Hugh Frazier, of Pennsylvania, to be secretary of the Edward El. Wagner, of South Dakota, to be United States legation and consul-general of the United States at San Salva­ attorney for the district of South Dakota, who was appointed dor, Salvador, to which office he was appointed during the last during the last recess of the Senate, vice James D. Elliott, who recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. failed of confirmation at the second session of the Fifty-ninth CoMMISSIONERS-GENERAL AT TOKYO. Congress. (Mr. Wagner was nominated at the first session of the Sixtieth Congress and failed of confirmation.) Francis B. Loomis, of Ohio, to be a commissioner-general of Curg H. Lingenfelter, of Idaho, to be United States attorney the United States to the national exposition to be held at Tokyo for the district of Idaho, who was appointed during the last 1n the year 1912, under the provisions of the act of Congress recess of the Senate, vice Norman 1\f. Rulck, removed. approved May 22, 1908, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. UNITED STATES MARSHALS, Francis D. 1\fillet, of New York, to be a commissioner-general Shadrach L. Hodgin, of Idaho, to be United States marshal of the United States to the national exposition to be held at for the district of Idaho, who was appointed during the last Tokyo in the year 1912, under the provisions of the act of Con­ recess of the Senate, vice Ruel Rounds, removed. gress approved 1\fay 22, 1908, to which office he was appointed Henry K. Love, of Iowa, to be United States marshal for the during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. district of Alaska, division No. 3, who was appointed during Frederick J. V. Skiff, of Illinois, to be a commissioner-gen­ eral of the United States to the national exposition to be held the last .t:.ecess of the Senate, vice George G. Perry, removed. at Tokyo in the year 1912, under the provision of the act of SECRETARY OF W AB. Congress approved May 22, 1908, to which office he was ap­ Luke El. Wright, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of War, to pointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Sen­ vacancy. ate, vice William H. Taft, resigned. CoMMISSIONER-GE,NERAL OF IMMIGRATION. Daniel J. Keefe, of Michigan, who was appointed December SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 1, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be Commissioner­ Truman H. Newberry, of Michigan, to be Secretary of the General of Immigration in the Department of Commerce and Navy, to which office he was appointed during the last recess Labor. of the Senate, vice Victor H. Metcalf, resigned. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 35

AssiSTANT SECRETARY oF THE NAVY. PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY. Herbert Livingstone Satterlee, of New York, to be Assist­ QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. ant Secretary of the Navy, vice Truman H. Newberry, ap­ Capt. Joseph T. Davidson, quartermaster, to be quarterm!!S. pointed Secretary of the Navy. ter with the rank of major, from April 25, 1908, vice Crabbs, re­ ExECUTIVE COUNCIT.. OF PORTO RICO. tired from active service. MEDICAL CORPS. Luis Sanchez Morales, of Porto Rico, to be a member of the executive council of Porto Rico for the term of four years from To be Uetttenant-colonels. January 17, 190D, under the provisions of the act of Congress Maj. Edward Champe Carter, Medical Corps, from April 23, approved April 12, 1900. This is a reappointment. 1908, vice Crampton, promoted. . Rafael del Valle, of Porto Rico, to be a member of the execu­ Maj. William Stephenson, Medical Corps, from May 1, 1908, tive council of Porto Rico for the term of four years from Jan­ vice Powell, retired from active service. uary 10, 1909, under the provisions of the act of Congress ap­ Maj. Helll"y P. Birmingham, Medical Corps, to be lieutenant­ proved April 12, 1900. This is a reappointment. colonel from April 23, 1908, vice Torney, promoted. NoTE.-The above-named officer was nominated to the Senate COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION. on May 18, 1908, and confirmed on May 21, 1908, for promotion Graham L. Rice, of Wisconsin, to be commissioner of immi­ to a yacancy created on May 1, 1908, by the retirement of Lieut. gration at the Port of San Juan, P. R., Department of Com­ Col. Junius L. Powell, Medical Corps, but by reason of the fail­ merce and Labor, to take effect December 15, 1908. (Reap­ ure of two of his seniors to pass satisfactory examinations for pointment.) promotion Major Birmingham became entitled to promotion PUBLIC _PRINTER. from April 23, 1908. Samuel B. Donnelly, of New York, to be Public Printer, to To be majors. which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Capt. James R. Church, Medical Corps, from May 1, 1D08, Senate, vice John S. Leech, resignedr vice Stephenson, promoted. Capt. Joseph H. Ford, Medical Corps, from May 20, 1908, vice ExAMINER IN CHIEF. Hallock, retired from active sen-ice. Frank C. Skinner, of Missouri, now a principal examiner, to Capt. Percy M. Ashburn, Medical Corps, from June 24, 1908, be an examiner in chief in the Patent Office, vice Levin H. vice Kieffer, retired from active service. Campbell, resigned. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. REGISTERS OF THE LAND OFFICE. To be colonels. Nathan H. Alexander, of Montgomery, Ala., who was ap­ Lieut. Col. Smith S. Leach, Corps of Engineers, from June 2, pointed Jtme 1, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be 1908, vice Sears, retired from acti-\:e service. register of the land office at Montgomery, Ala., Yice Robert D. Lieut. Col. Dan C. Kingman, Corps of Engineers, from July 6, Johnston, resigned. 1908, vice Marshall, appointed Chief of Engineers. Frank H. Parker, of Phoenix, Ariz., who was appointed Octo­ Lieut. Col. William M. ·Black, Corps of Engineers, from July ber 12, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be register of 28, 1908, vice Symons, retired from acth·e service. the land office at Phoenix, Ariz., vice Lyman W. Wakefield, Lieut. Col. Walter L. Fisk, Corps of Engineers, from August resigned. 7, 1908, vice Hoxie, retired from actiye service. Robert N. Dunn, of Idaho, whose term will expire December To be Ueutenant-colonels. 15, 1908, to be register of the land office at Coeur d'Alene, Maj. William C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, from June 2, Idaho. (Reappointment.) 1D08, vice Leach, promoted. Lester Bartlett, of Buffalo, Minn., who was appointed Sep­ Maj. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, from July 6, 1908, tember 28, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be register vice Kingman, promoted. of the land office at Cass Lake, Minn., vice Egbert S. Oakley, Maj. Hiram M. Chittenden, Corps of Engineers, from July 28, resigned. 1908, vice Black, promoted. Matthew R. Wilson, of Livingston, Mont., who was appointed .Iaj. Graham D. Fitch, Corps of Engineers, from August 7, November 9, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be register 1908, vice Fisk, promoted. - of the land office at Bozeman, Mont., vice Burgess W. Marshall, temporary appointee, resigned. To be majors. Thomas C. Tillotson, of Lower Penasco, N. 1\Iex., who was ap­ Capt. Charles W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers, from June 2,1908, pointed October 12, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be vice Langfitt, promoted. register of the land office at Roswell, N. Mex., vice Howard Le­ Capt. l\Ieriwether L. Walker, Corps of Engineers, from July 6, land, deceased. 1908, vice Sanford, promoted. Cyrus C. Carpenter, of Sisseton, S. Dak., who was appointed Capt. Robert R. Raymond, Corps of Engineers, from July 28, June 19, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be register of 1908, vice Chittenden, promoted. the land office at Lemmon, S. Dak., to fill original vacancy. Capt. William B. Ladue, Corps of Engineers, from August 7, 1008, vice Fitch, promoted. RECEIVERS OF PUBLIC MONEYS. To be captains-. Jesse W. Freeman, of Berryville, Ark., who was appointed First Lieut. George R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, from October 29, 1908, during tlJ.e recess of the Senate, to be recei>er June 2, 1908, Yice Kutz, promoted. of public moneys at Harrison, Ark., vice William F. Ree>es, First Lieut. Elliott J. Dent, Corps of Engineers, from July 6, resigned. 1908, vice Walker, promoted. Charles E. Arnold, of Phoenix, Ariz., who was appointed First Lieut. William G. Caples, Corps of Engineers, from November 11, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be re­ July 28, 1908, vice Raymond, promoted. ceiver of public moneys at Phoenix, Ariz., vice Fen S. Hildreth, First Lieut. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engineers, from Au­ resigned. gust 7, 1908, vice Ladue, promoted. Andrew P. Adolphson, of Leadville, Colo., who was appointed June 11, 1908, during the recess of the Senate, to be receiver of To be first lieutenants. public moneys at Leadville, Colo., vice Lutian Q. Hobbs, de­ Second Lieut. Roger G. Powell, Corps of Engineers, from June ceased. 2, 1908, vice Spalding, promoted. E-dwin G. Coleman, of Flandreau, S.Dak., who was appointed Second Lieut. John N. Hodges, Corps of Engineers, from JUlie 19, 1908, during the recess of lhe Senate, to be receiver of July 6, 1908, vice Dent, promoted. public moneys at Lemmon, S. Dak., to fill original vacancy. Second Lieut. Arthur R. Ehrnbeck, Corps of Engineers, from July 28, 1908, vice Caples, promoted. SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Second Lieut. Harold S. Hetrick, Corps of Engineers, from William L. Distin, of Quincy, Ill., whose term will expire August 7, 1908, vice Jewett, promoted. December 14, 1908, to be surveyor-general of Alaska. (Reap­ ORDNANCE DEPARTMEl~T. pointment.) Capt. Edward P. O'Hern, Ordnance Department, to be major SECOND AssiSTANT PosTMASTEB-GENElli. from October 31, 1908, vice Fuller, retired from active service. Joseph Stewart, of Missouri, to be Second Assistant Post­ CHAPLAINS. master-General, to which office he was appointed during the Chaplain Halsey~. Gavitt, First Cavalry, to be chaplain with last recess of the Senate, vice James T. McCleary, resigned. the rank of major from October 27, 1908. .36 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . DEOE1\IBER 8,

Chaplain Henry A. Brown, Corps of Engineers, to be chaplain To be fit·st lieutenants. with the rank of major from November 12~ 1908. Second Lieut. John E. Townes, jr., Coast Artillery Corps, C.A.V.ALRY ARM. from July 1, 1908, vice Gatewood, detailed in the Ordnance De­ Lieut. Col. James B. Hickey, unassigned, to be colonel from partment. November 15, 1908, vice Godwin, Fourteenth Cavalry, retired Second Lieut. Robert E. Vose, Coast Artillery Corps, from frotn active service. July 1, 1908, vice Wilhelm, detailed in the Ordnance De- Maj. William D. Beach, Fifteenth Cavalry, to be lieutenant­ partment. . colonel from November 15, 1908, vice Taylor, Fourth Cavalry, Second Lieut. Dean Hall, Coast Artillery Corps, from July 1, detailed as adjutant-general. 1908, vice Uahaffey, detailed in the Ordnance Department. Capt. William F. Flynn, Eighth Cavalry, to be major from Second Lieut. John S. Williams, Coast Artillery Corps, from November 15, 1908, vice Beach, Fifteenth Cavalry, promoted. July 13, 1908, vice Thomas, promoted. To be captains. Second Lieut. George Ruhlen, jr., Coast Artillery Corps, from July 27, 1908, vice Scott, resigned. First Lieut. Alvan C. Gillem, Fifth Cavalry, from September Second Lieut. John E. Mort, Coast Artillery Corps, from Sep­ 21, 1908, vice Heidt, Eleventh Cavalry, retired from active tember 1, 1908, vice Ohnstad, promoted. service. Second Lieut. Jnnnius Pierce, Coast Artillery Corps, from First Lieut. William B. Cowin, Third Cavalry, from November September 21, 1908, vice Condon, promoted. 15, 1908, vice Flynn, Eighth Cavalry, promoted. Second Lieut. Henry W. T. Eglin, Coast Artillery Corps, ' To be first lieutenants. from September 28, 1908, vice Rorebeck, promoted. Second Lieut. Sidney D. Maize, Third Cavalry, from May 18, Second Lieut. Halvor G. Coulter, Coast Artillery Corps, from 1908, vice Lusk, Twelfth Cavalry, retired from active service. September 29, 1908, vice Watson, promoted. Second Lieut. William S. Barriger, Fifteenth Cavalry, from INFANTRY ARM. July 1, 1908, vice Jordan, Eighth Cavalry, detailed in the Ord­ To be colonels. nance Department. Second Lieut. Ralph M. Parker, Eleventh Cavalry, from July Lieut. Col. William H. C. Bowen, Eighteenth Infantry, from 30, 1908, vice Dixon, Fifth Cavalry, detailed in the Signal July 1, 1908, vice Allen, Twelfth Infantry, retired from active Corps. service. Second Lieut. John H. Howard, Ninth Cavalry, from August Lieut. Col. Henry E. Robinson (since retired from active 2, 1908, vice :Mangum, Eighth Cavalry, retired from active service), detailed adjutant-general, from October 24, 1908, vice service. Smith, Eighth Infantry, appointed brigadier-general. Second Lieut. John K. Hume, Fourteenth Cavah·y, from Sep­ Lieut. Col. Charles W. Mason, Twenty-ninth Infantry, from tember 21, 1908, vice Gillem, Fifth Cavalry, promoted. October 28, 1908, vice Robinson, unassigned, retired from active Second Lieut. Matt C. Bristol, Thirteenth Cavalry, from service. November 15, i908, vice Cowin, Third Cavalry, promoted. To be lieutenant-colonels·. FIELD ARTILLERY ARM. Maj. Alexis R. Paxton, Thirteenth Infantry, from June 25, 1908, vice Augur, Twenty-fourth Infantry, deceased. First Lieut. Morris E. Locke, First Field Artillery, to be cap­ Maj. Zerah W. ToiTey, detailed inspector-general, from July 1, tain from August 25, 1908, vice Overton, Third Field Artillery, 1908, vic"e Bowen, Eighteenth Infantry, promoted. retired from active service. Maj. James B. Jackson, Eleventh Infantry, from July 18, To be first lieutenants. 1908, vice Hardin, Twenty-sixth Infantry, retired from activ• Second Lieut. Fred T. Cruse, Third Field Artillery, from July service. 1, 1908, vice Kean, First Field Artillery, detailed in the Ordnance Maj. Reuben B. Turner, Eighth Infantry, from October 28, Department. 1908, vice Mason, Twenty-ninth Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. James P. Marley, First Field Artillery, from Maj. Daniel A. Frederick, Twenty-second Infantry, from July 20, 1908, vice Roemer, Sixth Field Artillery, deceased. October- 28, 1908, vice Jones, Nineteenth Infantry. detailed as Second Lieut. Waldo C. Potter, Fifth Field Artillery, from adjutant-general. August 25, 1908, vice Locke, First Field Artillery, promoted. To be majors. Second Lieut. Harry Pfeil, Fifth Field Artillery, from Sep­ Capt. Beaumont B. Buck, Sixteenth Infantry, n·om June 25, tember 17, 1908, vice Selfridge, First Field Artillery, deceased. 1908, vice· Paxton, Thirteenth InfH.ntry, promoted. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS. Capt. William F. Martin, Fifth Infantry,. from June 30, 1908, vice Purssell, Eighteenth Infantry, retired from active service. To be colonels. Capt. Evan M. Johnson, jr., Eighth Infantry, from JuJy 3, Lieut. Col. George L. Anderson, Coast Artillery Corps, from 1908, vice Bundy, Sixth Infantry, detailed as inspector-general. July 10, 1908, vice Cummins, retired fi·om active service. Capt. Frank Mcintyre (major, Bureau of Insular Affairs) Lieut. Col. William H. Coffin, Coast Artillery Corps, from from July 18, 1908, nee Jackson, Eleventh Infantry, promoted. September 1, 1908, vice Homer, retired from active service. Capt. David J. Baker, jr., Ninth Infanh·y. from July 18, Lieut. Col. Albert Todd, Coast Artillery Corps, from October 1908, vice Mcintyre, detailed in the Bureau of Insular Affairs. 10, 1908, vice Stewart, retired from active service. Capt. Benjamin A. Poore, Sixth Infantry, from October 28, To be lieu.tenant-colonels. 1908, vice Frederick, Twenty-second Infantry·, promoted. Maj. Charles L. Phillips, Coast Artillery Corps, frorp July Capt. James H. l\Icllae, Third Infantry, from October 31, 10, 1908, vice Woodward, detailed as inspector-general. 1908, vice Leonhaeuser, Sixteenth Infantry, retired from active Maj. Charles J. Bailey, Coast Artillery Corps, from Septem­ se.rvi.ce. ber 1, 1908, vice Coffin, promoted. To be captains. Maj. Clarence P. Townsley, Coast Artillery Corps, from Octo­ First Lieut. Ernest E. Haskell, Twenty-ninth Infantry, from ber 10, 1908, vice Todd, promoted. April 3, 1908, vice Laws, Twenty-fourth Infantry, deceased. To be majors. First Lieut. Jack Hayes, Sixteenth Infantry, from April 3, Capt. William C. Davis, Coast Artillery Corps, from July 10, 1908, vice Stone, Twenty-second Infantry, detailed as quarter­ 1908, vice Phillips, promoted. master-. Capt. Frank G. Mauldin, Coast Artillery Corps, from Septem­ First Lieut. William H. Waldron, detailed in the Signal Corps, ber 1, 1908, vice Bailey, promoted. from April 3, 1908, vice Ford, Fiftn Infantry, detailed as quar- Capt. Daniel W. Ketcham, Coast Artillery Corps, from termaster. · October 10, 1908, vice Townsley, promoted. First Lieut. Joseph K. Partello, Fifth Infantry, from April 24. 1908, vice Parmerter, Twenty-first Infantry, promoted. To be cQ;ptains. First Lieut. Leon L. Roach, Sixteenth Infantry, from May 9, First Lieut. James A. Thomas, Coast Artillery Corps, from 1908, vice Smiley, Fifteenth Infantry, promoted. July 13, 1908, vice Marshal1, detailed as quartermaster. First Lieut. Horace P. Hobbs, Seventeenth Infantry, from First Lieut. John 0. Ohnstad, Coast Artillery Corps, from May 15, 1908, vice Devore, Twenty-third Infantry, promoted. September 1, 1908, vice Mauldin, promoted. First Lieut. Louis J. VanSchaick, Fourth Infantry, from June First Lieut. Clarence M. Condon, Coast Artillery Corps, fi·om 25, 1908, vice Buck, Sixteenth Infantry, promoted. September 21, 1908, vice Macon,. retired from active service. First Lieut. George S. Tiffany, Twenty-first Infantry, from First Lieut. Curtis G. Rorebeck, Coast Artillery Corps, from June 30, 1908, vice Martin, Fifth Infanh·y, promoted. September 28, 1908, vice Vance, retired from active service. First Lieut. Edgar A. Myer, Eleventh Infantry, from July 3, First Lieut. James D. Watson, Coast Artillery Corps, from 1908, vice Lawton, Nineteenth Infantry, retired from active S~ptember 29, 1908, vice Applewhite. retired from active service. service. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE'. 37

First Lieut. Arthur l\f. Shipp, Twentieth Infantry, from July Second Lieut. Charles. G. Sturtevant, Ninth Infantry, from 3, 1908, vice Johnson, Eighth Infantry, promoted. June 5, 1908, vice Smith, Sixteenth Infantry, retired from active First Lieut. Joseph W. Beacham, jr., Twenty-.seventh Infantry, service. from July 18, 1908, vice Baker, Ninth Infantry, promoted. . Second Lieut. Albert Hardman, Twelfth Infantry, from June First Lieut. Francis J. McConnell, Seventeenth Infantry, from · 7, 1908, vice Vredenburgh, Eleventh Infantry, resigned. July 24, 1908, vice Shelton, Eleventh Infantry, detailed in the Second Lieut. 'Villiam E. Holliday, Seventeenth Infantry, Bureau of Insular Affairs. from June 25, 1908, vice Van Schaick, Fourth Infantry, pro­ First Lieut. Richard P. Rifenberick, jr., Twenty-ninth In­ moted. fantry, from Septembe"r 8, 1908, vice Moore, Fifteenth Infantry, Second Lieut. Frank B. Kobes, Fourteenth Infantry, from deceased. June 30, 1908, vice Tiffany, Twenty-first Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Graham L. Johnson, Eleventh Infantry, from Sep­ TO BE BETIRED. tember 16, 1908, vice Walton, Sixth Infantry, retired from active service. With the rank of brigadier-general. First Lieut. Charles E. Hay, jr., Twenty-fourth Infantry, Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved April 23, from October 2, 1908, vice Chiles, Eleventh Infantl·y, deceased. 1 1904, I nominate Col. James B. Hickey, cavalry, unassigned, to First Lieut. Robert H. Wescott, Sixteenth Infantry, from be placed on the retired list of the army, with the rank of briga­ October 19, 1908, vice Parker, Twenty-fourth Infantry, retired dier-general from the date on which he shall be retired from from active service. active service. First Lieut. George W. Wallace; Twentieth Infantry, from Col. Edward A. Godwin, retired, with rank from November 15, October 28, 1908, vice Poore, Sixth Infantry, promoted. 1908. First Lieut. Paul Hurst, Third Infantry, from October 31, With the rank of capta.in. 190 , vice l\fcRae, Third Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Samuel T. Weirick, retired, with rank from June To be first lieutenants. 18, 1908. First Lieut. James Reagles, retired, with rank from September • Second Lieut. Gilbert H. Stewart, detailed first lieutenant in 12, 1908. the Ordnance Department, from November 24, 1907, vice Mullen, APPOINTMENTS IN. THE Aru.l:Y. Twenty-first Infantry, retired from acti>e service. GENERAL OFFICER. Second Lieut. Edward J. Moran, Twenty-se>enth Infanb:y, from November 24, 1907, vice Gibert, detailed in the Ordnance Col. Frederick A. Smith, Eighth Infantry, to be brigadier­ Department. ~eneral from October 24, 1908, vice Reade, retired from active Second Lieut. John R. McGinness, Sixth Infantry, from De­ service. cember 5, 1907, vice Wilson, Twenty-second Infanb·y, resigned. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. Second Lieut. Henry 1\L Nelly, Twentieth Infantry, from De­ Col. William L. Marshall, Cmps of Engineers, to be Chief cember 11, 1907, vice De Funiak, Eleventh Infantry, promoted. of Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-general from July 2, Second Lieut. Frederick F. Black, Tenth Infantry, from De­ 1903, vice 1\fackenzie, retii·ed from active service. cember 23, 1907, vice Armstrong, Sixth Infantry, retired from Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved May 27, acti>e service. 1903, I nominate the officers of the late Porto Rico Provisional Second Lieut. Jam€s l\f. ~obson, jr., Twenty-seventh Infantry, Regiment of Infantry for reappointment in the Porto Rico Regi­ frol? December 23, 1907, vice .McCoy, Twenty-seventh Infantry, ment of Infantry of the United States Army. promoted. To be captains~ Second Lieut. David H. Bower, Twelfth Infantry, from De­ Capt. Stewart McC. Decker, with rank from July 1, 1904. cember 28, 1907, vice Townsend, Twenty-third Infantry, pro­ Capt. FrankL. Graham, with rank from July 2, 1904. moted. Capt. John 1\1. Field, with rank from July 3, 1904. Second Lieut. Hiram M. Cooper, Tenth Infantry, from Janu­ Capt. Edwin J . Griffith, with rank from July 4, 1904. ary 1, 1998, vice Brewer, Twenty-first Infantry, promoted. Capt. Ralph E . Gambell, with rank from July 5, 1904. Second Lieut. Benjamin F. Miller, Twenty-seventh Infantry, Capt. Miles K. Taulbee, with rank from July 6, 19().1~ from January 27, 1908, vice Parsons, Twentieth Infantry, pro­ Capt. Orval P . Townshend, with rank from July 7, 1904. moted. Capt. Laurance Angel, with rank from November 20, 1906. Second Lieut. Louis Soleliac, Sixteenth Infantry, from Feb· Capt. Frank C. Wood, with rank from November 21, 1906. ruary 13, 1908, vice Ball, Twenty-first Infantry, promoted. Capt. Emil J. Huebscher, with rank from November 22, 1906. Second Lieut. Charles 1\I. Blackford, Sixth Infantry, from Capt. William S. Woodruff, with rank from November 23, l\farch 5, 190S, vice Smith, Eighteenth Infantry, promoted. 1906. Second Lieut. Walter 0. Boswell, Sixteenth Infantry, from To be fit·st lieutenants. l\farch 8 1 1908, vice Doster, Twenty-first Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Deshler Whiting, Ninth Infantry, from 1\larch First Lieut. Abram I. Miller, with rank from July 1, 1904. 14, 1908, vice Price, Fifth Infantt:y, promoted. First Lieut. Samuel S. Bryant, with rank from November 30, Second Lieut. Gulielmus V. Heidt, Sixth Infantry, from 1904. March 14, 1908, vice Warfield, Thirtieth Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. William H. Armstrong, with rank from December- Second Lieut. Samuel J. Sutherland, Thirteenth Infantry, 1, 1904. from Uarch \4, 1908, vice McCaskey, Twenty-first Infantry, pro· First Lieut. Henry C. Rexach, with rank from April 1, 1905. rooted. First Lieut. Pedro J . Parra, with rank from February 23, 1906. Second Lieut. Edmund B. Iglehart, Third Infantry, from First Lieut. Teofio 1\Iarxuach, with rank from November 20, March 14, 1908, vice Lang, Fifteenth Infantry, promoted. 1906. Second Lieut. Emory S. Adams, Fourteenth Infantry, from First Lieut. Eduardo Iriarte, with rank from November 21, M!lrch 15, 1908, vice Dockery, Third Infantry, promoted. 1906. Second Lieut. Ralph W. Drury, Ninth Infantry, from March First Lieut. Jaime Nadal, with rank from November 22, 1906. 16, 1908, vice Thomas, Seventeenth Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Eugenio C. de Hostos, with rank from November Second Lieut. John C. Fairfax, Twenty-first Infantry, from 23, 11)06. l\farch 18, 1908, vice Elliott, Thirteenth Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Felix Emmanuelli, with rank from August 25, Second Lieut. Fred C. Miller, Twenty-third Infantry, from 1907. March 24, 1908, vice Freeman, Twenty-first Infantry, promoted. To be second lieutenants. Second Lieut. Charles L. Mitchell, Twenty-fourth Infantry, Second Lieut. Pascual Lopez, with rank from March 3, 1905. from April 3, 1908, vice Hunt, Eighth Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Louis S. Emmanuelli, with rank from March 4, Second Lieut. Alfred Brandt, Twenty-fifth Infantry, from 1905. April 3, 1908, vice Haskell, Twenty-ninth Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Daniel Rodriguez, with rank from January 17, Second Lieut. Robert John West, Twenty7sixth Infantry, from 1906. April 3, 1908, vice Hayes, Sixteenth Infantry, promoted. MEDICAL CORPS. Second Lieut. Seeley A. Wallen, Twenty-fifth Infantry, from To be first lieutenants, with rank f -rom Ju,ne 13., 1908. April 15, 1908, vice Lewis, Eighteenth Infantry, detailed in the John Raymond Barber, of Oregon, vice Godfrey, deceased. Signal Corps. Joseph Arliss Worthington, of Arkansas, vice Newgarden, Second Lieut. Archibald G. Hutchinson, Third Infantry, from promoted. April 24, 1908, vice Partello, Fifth Infantry, promoted. M:ahlon Ashford, of the District of Columbia, vice William­ Second Lieut. Odiorne H. Sampson, Second Infantry, from son, resigned. May 15, 1908, vice Hobbs, Seventeenth Infantry, pr:omoted. Edward Godfrey Huber, of Missouri, vice Edwards, resignEd. 38 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT.E. DECEMB~R 8.

John Sioussa Lambie, jr., of Pennsylvania, vice Reilly, re-I · Franklin Greene Balch, of Massachusetts. tired from active service. William Sydney Thayer, of Maryland. Arthur Newman Tasker, of the District of Columbia, vice George W. Crile, of Ohio. Straub, promoted. John Chalmers Da Costa, of Pennsylvania.. Howard .McCrum Snyder, of Wyoming, vice Stark, promoted. Emmet RLrlord, of California. · Calvin Duvall Cowie , jr., at large, vice Lynch, promoted. Robert Grier Le Conte, of Pennsylvania. Garfield Lesley McKinney, of Pennsylvania, vice Kulp, pro- Charles Gabriel Levison, of California. moted. Emil Otto J ellinek, of California. Hiram Alfred Phillips, of Kentucky, vice ~Iunson, promoted. Isadore Dyer, of Louisiana. To be fi1·st lie-utenant, 1..oith rank f1·om June 16, 1908. John Bapst Blake, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. Samuel T. Weirick (since retired from active William Fitch -Cheney, of California. service), vice Roberts, retired from active service. Lewis Atterbury Conner, of New York. Farrar Cobb, of Massachusetts. MEDICAL RESERVE CORPS. John G. Clark, of Pennsylvania. To be first lie'tttenants, with rank from July 5, 1908. Joseph Colt Bloodgood, of Maryland. Orlando Wood Sherwin, of Vermont. Herbert C. Moffitt, of California. Robert F. Weir, of New York. William Edward Schroeder, of Illinois. Theodore Andrews McGraw, of Michigan. Albert John Ochsner, of Illinois. Harry C. Yarrow, of the District of Columbia. Albert Edward Halstead, of Illinois. Walter S. Thorne, of California. Richard Clarke. Cabot, of Massachusetts. · Frank Pierce Foster, of New York. Alfred Stengel, of Pennsylvania. Edmond Souchon, of Louisiana. Wallace Irving Terry, of California. Louis Favrot Reynaud, of Louisiana. William Henry Haskin, of New York. Reginald Heber Fitz, of Massachusetts. Harvey Cushing, of Maryland. Henry 0. Walker, of Michigan. David Linn EdsalJ, of Pennsylvania. Joseph D. Bryant, of New York. John Wilson Shiels, of California. John Allan Wyeth, of New York. John Taylor Bottomley, of Massachusetts. Francis Parker Kinnicutt, of New York. Frederic A. Washburn, of Massachusetts. James Cornelius Wilson, of Pennsylvania. Charles Louis Mix, of Illinois. A. Alexander Smith, of New York. Charles Harrison Frazier, of Pennsylvania. Virgil Pendleton Gibney, of New York. John Heysham Gibbon, of Pennsylvania. Frederick Cheevei' Shattuck, of Massachusetts. James Farnandis Mitchell, of the District -of Columbia. Charles Beylard G. de Nancrede, of Michjgan. John Joseph .A.rchinard, of Louisiana. J. Henry Carstens, of Michigan. Walter Clarke Howe, of Massachusetts. Thomas Waterman Huntington, .of California. Bertram E'rancis Alden, of California. William Tillinghast Bull, of New York. Albert Joshua Houston, of California. Frederic Shepard Dennis, of New York. William Pepper, of Pennsylvani-a. J. William White, of Pennsylvania. Francis Denison Patterson, of Pennsylvania. Myles Standish, of Massachusetts. David Cheever, of Massachusetts. Victor Clarence Vaughan, of Michigan. Robert Abbe, of.New York. To be first lieutenants, with ranlc front July "1, 1908. Sanger Brown, of Illinois. Contract Surg. William F. de Niedman, of Kansas. Roswell Park, of New York. Contract Surg. Leonard Knight Graves, of New York. William Stewart Halsted, of Maryland. Contract Surg. Ira Christopher Brown, of New York. George Henry Simmons, of Illinois. Contract Surg. S. Chase de Krafft, of Maryland. William Thomas Councilman, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. Frederick Hadra, of Texas. - Frank Billings, of Illinois. Contract Surg. John Robert Hereford, of Missouri. Alvah Hunt Doty, of New York. Contract Snrg. Albert H. Eber, of Michigan. Harry Mitchell Sherman, of California. Contract Surg. Isaac Williams Brewer, of New York. Samuel Jason Mixter, of Massachusetts. Contract Snrg. Joseph Lipscomb .Sanford, of Virginia. Richard Hickman Harte, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. Charles Henry Stearns, of Missouri. William M. Conant, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. George Sellers Wallace, of Pennsylvania. Carl Beck, of New York. Contract Snrg. George Henry Richardson, of California. John H. Musser, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. James K. Stockard, of North Carolina. Charles Sumner Bacon, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Frank E. Artaud, of Louisiana. 'Villiam Gilman Thompson, of New York. Contract Surg. Waller Holladay Dade, of Kentucky. Robert Tuttle Morris, of New York. Contract Surg. William H. Tukey, of Maine. Ran·ey Gilmer Mudd, of Missouri. Contract Surg. Wilson Murray, of Missouri. John Benjamin Murphy, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Clark Ingersoll Wertenbaker, of Ohio. Andrew J. McCosh, of New York. Contract Surg. Elmer Seth Tenney, of Massachusetts. John C. Munro, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. James Stewart Kennedy, of Pennsylvania. Thomas Darlington, of New York. Contract Surg. Walter Whitney, of Georgia. George Edmund de Schweinitz, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. Frederick Morgan Barney, of New York. Paul Emile Archinard, of Louisiana. Contract Surg. Albert Leonard Miller, of Wisconsin. Theobald Smith, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. J. Marchal Wheate, of Idaho. Edward Martin, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. Harold Leroy Coffin, of Washington. Samuel Treat Armstrong, of New York. Contract Surg. Frederick Hessler Sparrenberger, of New Alexander Crever Abbott, of Maryland. Jersey. Samuel Lloyd, of New York. Contract Surg. Henry W. Eliot, of Connecticut. Charles Locke Scudder, of MasEachusetts. • Contract Surg. Francis Marion McCallum, of Kansas. Henry Baird Favill, of Illinois. Contract Surg. George Washington Daywalt, of California. Rudolph Matas, of Louisiana. Contract Surg. Thomas W. Jackson, of Pennsylvania. Barton Cooke Hirst, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. William 0. Cutliffe, of New York. Arthur D. Bevan, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Michael Edward Hughes, of Massachusetts. Charles Williamson /Richardson, of the District of Columbia. Contract Surg. Donald Paul McCord, of 1\Iis ouri. Alexander Lambert, of New York. Contract Snrg. Henry du Rest Phelan, of California. William Bradley Coley, of New York. Contract Surg. Luke Baker Peck, of MasEachusetts. Charles Bingham Penrose, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. J pmes Botteren Pascoe. at large. Angus McLean, of Michigan. Contract Surg. Thomas S. Lowe, of Pennsylvania. Malcolm La Salle Harris, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Ernest Kinloch Johnstone, of California. Hobart Amory Hare, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. Julius Cresar Le Hardy, of Georgia. George David Stewart, of New York. Conh·act Surg. Arthur Richard Jarrett, of New York. Simon Flexner, of New York. Contract Surg. John Patrick Kelly, of. Florida. John Miller Turpin Finney, of Maryland. Contract Surg. Charles EYerett MacDonald, of New York. James G. Mumford, of Massachusetts. Contract _Surg. James B. Ferguson, of .l.\Iinnes.ota. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 39

Contract Surg. Wallace Edgar Sabin, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Charles w: Cullen, of Ohio. Contract Surg. Jesse P. Truax, of Nebraska. Conh·act Surg. Daniel Warwick Harmon, of Virginia. Contract Surg. J. Samuel White, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. George W. Cook, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. Thomas Gabriel Holmes, of Michigan. Contract Smg. Edgar Clyde Jones, of Ohio. Contract Sw·g. Victor Egbert Watkins, of the District of Co- Contract Surg. George Philip Stallman, of New York. lumbia. · Contract Surg. Fred J. Conzelmann, of New York. Contract Surg. Herbert Ira .Harris, of New York. Contract Surg. Herbert Cody Woolley, of New York. Contract Surg. William Robert Sim George, of Texas. Contract Surg. Edmund William Bayley, of 1\finnesota. Contract Surg. James William Hart, of West Virginia. Contract Surg. Andrew Victor Stephenson, of Nebraska. Contract Surg. Leonard Samuel Hughes, of Kentucky. Contract Smg. Daniel Parker Card, of New York. Contract Surg. Elias Hull Porter, of Ohio. Contract Surg. Raphael John Wren, of Ohio. Contract Surg. George Newlove, of Pennsylvania. Contract Smg. Sylvester Francis O'Day, of New York. Contract Surg. Edward Bailey, of Wa.shington. Contract Surg. Lee Roy Dunbar, of New York. Contract Surg. James Christopher Dougherty, of New York. Contract Surg. Geor~e Trotter-Tyler, of Kentuck--y. Contract Surg. Charles Lee Baker, of West Virginia. Contract Surg. Arthur C. Delacroix, of New York. Contract Surg. H. Newton Kierulff, of California. Contract Smg. Harlow Comstock McLeod, of New York. Contract Surg. Frederick Hubbell 1\fills, of New York. Contract Surg. Henry Freeman Lincoln, of l\Ii souri. Contract Surg. Davfd Durward Hogan, of Wisconsin. Contract Surg. William Hope Smith, of Texas. Contract Surg. Edwin Wambaugh Patterson, of the District Contract Surg. Herbert Lentz Freeland, of Illinois. of Columbia. Contract Surg. Chauncey Leonard Chase, of Indiana. Contract Surg. John Findley Leeper, of Wyoming. Conh·act Surg. Arnold Dwight Tuttle, of New York. Contract Surg. Leonard Philip Bell, of Indiana. Contract Surg. Charles Arthur Tetrault, of 1\fa~achusetts. Contract Surg. John Newton Merrick, of Ohio. Contract Smg. Dayton Carroll Wiggin, of New Hampshire. Contract Surg. Benjamin Beckham Warriner, of Virginia. Contract Surg. William Meade Archer, jr., of Virginia. Contract Surg. William James Enders, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. James Connallin Magee, of Pennsylvania. Conh·act Surg. 'rhom~s Benton McCown, of Missouri. Contract Surg. Elsworth Wilson, of Oklahoma. Contract Surg. Madison Harlan Bowman, of Kentucky. Contract Surg. Howard Priest, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. Harry Hill Van Kirk, of Ohio. · Contract Surg. Percy G. Drake, of the District of Columbia. Contra-ct Surg. Clarance Fitzhugh Dickenson, of California. Contract Surg. James I. Thorne, at large. Contract Surg. Charles Wilson Johnson, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Joseph Edward Bastion, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. Fr~d T. Koyle, of New York. Contract Surg. Henry Reuben Weston, of Vermont. Contract Surg. Robert E. Sievers, at large. Contract Surg. George Gorgas Craig, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Wilmont El. Brown, of Ohio.· Contract Smg. William Henry Pomeroy, of Massachusetts. ­ Contract Surg. Francis Marion Wall, of Indiana. Contract Surg. Zotique Rousseau, of New York. Contract Surg. Alpha 1\f. Chase, of Colorado. Contract Surg. Julian Augustus .Mead, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. Frank C. Griffis, of Ohio. Contract Surg. William Hull Ramsey, of Nebraska. Conh·act Surg. Ernest Frederick Slater, of South Carolina. Contract Surg. Samuel C. Stanton, of Illinois. Conh·act Surg. Francis Marion Wells, of Indiana. Contract Surg. Carlisle F. Ferrin, of Connecticut. Contract Surg. George Fitzpatricli: Adair, of the District of William Richard Dear, ·of the District of Columbia. Columbia. Eben Clayton Hill, of Maryland. Contract Surg. Clemens Wesley 1\Icl\fillan, of Texas. Armin 1\fueller, of Wisconsin. Contract Surg. Clarence iUbert Treuholtz, of California. Rozier Clagett Bayly, of Virginia. Contract Surg. George Ruben Clayton, of Iowa. !I'o be first lieutenants, toith rank from September 9, 1908. Contract Surg. James Kennedy Ashburn, of Ohio. First Lieut. James Reagles (since retired from active serv­ Contract Surg. Alva Rufus Hull, of Iowa. ice), vice Jean, retired from active service. Contract Surg. Oscar Franklin Davis, of Indiana. First Lieut. Francis A. Halliday (since retired from active Contract Surg. Rodney D. Smith, of Indiana. service), vice Kirby-Smith, resigned. Contract Surg. Wallace Ernest Parkman, of California. To be first lie·utenants, 'With rank from September 14, 1908. Contract Surg. Prest~n S. Kellogg, of Michlgan. Conh·act Surg. Joseph Wooding Love, of 1\fissouri. Henry Clay Coburn, of the District of Columbia. Contract Surg. George Bass Tuttle, of Missouri. John Brockenbrough Harvie Waring, of Virginia. Conh·act Surg. Samuel Alexande1,· Springwater, of lllinois. Charles Edward Doerr, of Ohio. Contract Sw·g. Polk Duncan Brown, of Tennessee. Frederick Starr Wright, of New York. Contract Surg. Joseph Pinquard, of Kansas. Ralph Harvard Goldthwaite, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. Harrison Warder Stuckey, of Ohio. Donald Miner, of New Jersey. Contract Surg. Everett Allen Anderson, of Nortb Dakota. . Robert William Kerr, of Rhode Island. Contract Surg. Marion Fraser 1\farvi:p., of Florida. Norman Lincoln McDiarmid, of Ohio. Contract Surg. Frederic Elmer Jenkins, of Maryland. James Arthur Wilson, of Michigan. Contract Surg. John l\fichael Hewitt, of Pennsylvania. Addison Dimmitt Davis, of South Dakota. Contract Sw·g. Ernest Eugene Roberts, of Iowa. Corydon Goodrich Snow, of Illinois. Contract Surg. Frank Suggs, of Arkansas. Morrison Clay Stayer, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. William Eugene Hall, of 1\fissouri. George Dawson Heath. jr., of South Carolina. Contract Surg. James Rudolph Mount, of-Kansas. Richard Augustine Kear,ny, of Louisiana. Contract Surg. Edgar J"ames :~farrow, of California. Alexander Dwight Parce, of Missouri. Contract Surg. George B. Jones, of Indiana. Henry Fuller Philips, of Texas. Contract Surg. Albion McDowell Coffey, of Missouri. Thomas James Leary, of Pennsylvania. Contract Surg. W. Church Griswold, of New York. William Stephens Shields, of Pennsylvania. Contract Smg. Herbert William Yemans, of New York. Georg(' Hudson McLellan, of Ohio. Contract Surg. John Macintosh Shepherd, of New York. Clarence Elmer Fronk. of Missouri. COntract Surg. Edward H. Jordan, of Colorado. To be first lieutenant, with rank from September 15, 190i­ Contract Surg. Robert Lemmon, of Virginia. First Lieut. William L. Hart, vice Chidester, resigned. Contract Sqrg. George Elliot Chamberlain, of Vermont. ContTact Surg. Lui.B G. de Quevedo, of Porto Rico. To be fi1·st lieutenants, 'With rank tram geptember 23, 1908. -contract Surg. Thomas Carl Walker, of North Carolina. Howard Andrew Knox, of Massachusetts. Contract Surg. Henry C. Bierbower, of Peru1sylvania. Ralph Waldo Newton, of Massachusetts. -contract Surg. Oswald Frederick Henning, of Illinois. Nelson Walton Wilson, of New York. Conh·act Surg. Hermon Erwin Hasseltine, of Vermont. Edgar Robinson McGuire, of New York. Contract Surg. George French Campbell, of Wyoming. To be first lieutenants, with rank from September 25, 1908. Contract Surg. William H. Myers, of Kentucky. Contract Surg. Charles H. Halliday, of Illinois. James Clinton Ballard, of Mississippi. Contract Surg. Chru·Ies Travis Dulin, of Washington. .James Edward Maloney, of New York. Contract Surg. Leon Carre Garcia, of Missouri. Thomas Madden Foley, of the District of Columbia. Contract Surg. Samuel Brown McPheeters, of 1\Iissourl. To be first lieutenants, with ranlc tram September 29, 1908. . Conh·act Surg. Ol!u'ence Cameron Kress, at large. Joseph August Pargon, of Oregon. Contract Surg. Geoi"g· 'J'bmn.o"' TvlQ:r. of New York. Maurice Buchsbaum, of Oklahoma. ~0 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 8,

To be first lieutenants, with rank from September 30, 1908. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS. Frank Salter Nicholson, of Nebra~ka. '110 be second lieutenants, with ranlc ft·om June 9, 1908. Charles D.- W. Colby, of North Carolina. Robert Ross Welshimer, of Illinois, late midshipman United Charles Allen B~tts, of Washington. States Navy. Ziba Lindley Henry, of Ohio. William Whinery Hicks, of Alabama, late midshipman, United ~ Walter Fundenberg Leech, of West Virginia. States Navy. To be first lieutenant, with rank from October 2, 1908. To be second lieutenant:~. with rank from July 1, 1908. James Aridrew Egan, of Illinois. Eugene Bonfils Walker, of California, late midshipman, United States Navy. To be first lieutena-nt, with ranlc from October 5, 1908. Lest~r Winslow L.ord, of New Hampshire. To be second lieutenants. with ranlc from September 4, 1908. To be first lieutenant, with rank from October 21, 1908. Louis David Pepin, of Minnesota. William Ward Plummer, of New York. Karl F. Baldwin, of Ohio. Charles Kleber Wing, jr., of North Dakota. To be first lieutenants, ·with rank fr01n October 81, 1908. Robert Octavious E-dwards, of Virginia. Edmund Douglas Shortlidge, of Delaware. Everett Martin Balcom, of New Hampsliire. Llewellyn Powell Williamson, of Missouri. Guy Agard Mix, of New York. John Ryan Devereux, of the District of Columbia. To be second lieutenants, with rank from September 25, 1908. Walter Clifford Chidester, of Ohio. Reynold Marvin Kirby-Smith, of Tennessee. John Henry Pirie, of Texas. Samuel Ernest Lambert, of Alabama. George Rothwell Norton, of Massachusetts. James Franklin Edwards, of Pennsylvania. Eugene Reybold, of Delaware. William Evans Richards, of Mississippi. Wilmot Alfred Danielson, of Iowa. Edward Warwick Pinkham, of Massachusetts. Hugo Ernest Pitz, of Iowa. Clarence Beacom 1\Iillhoff, of Pennsylvania. Thomas Clair Cook, of Ohio. Howard Walter Beal, of Maine. Olin Harrington Longino, of Georgia. Jerome Stuart Chaffee, of New York. Peter Hill Ottosen, of Iowa. Edgar Hall Thompson, of Rhode Island. CHAPLAINS. Samuel Harvey McLeary, of Porto Rico. To be chaplains with the mnk ·of first lieutenant. John Norton Reynolds, of the District of Columbia. Lewis Edward Goodier, jr., of New York. WITH RANK FROM JUNE 9, 1908. Rufus Foote Maddux, of Kentucky. Rev. Walter Kenyon Lloyd, of Arkansas, to fill an original Herbert Austin McCune, of Iowa. vacancy. Lincoln Beaumont Chambers, of Oregon. Rev. Clinton Herby Snyder, of Ohio, to fill an original Willis Craig Knight, of Washington. vacancy. John Robert Ellis, of Arkansas. Rev. Frederick Lawrence Kunnecke, of Maryland,. to fill an John Mather, of Connecticut. original vacancy. . Chester Raymond Snow, of New Jersey. Rev. Edward Russell Chase, of Maine, to fill an original Robert Emmett Mason Goolrick, of Virginia. vacancy. Walter Putney Boatwright, of Virginia. Rev. Laurence Leo Denning, of Ohio, to fill an original John Piper Smith, of Pennsylvania. vacancy. Harry Read Vaughan, of Georgia. Rev. Michael Gabriel Doran, of New York, to fill an original Abney Payne, of West Virginia. .vacancy. Edwin Kennedy Smith, of Tennessee. WITH RANK FROM JUNE 29, 1908. Clarence Talmage 1\farsh, of North Carolina. . Rev. Stephen Richard Wood, of California, vice Steward, John Blackwell Maynard, of Virginia. Twenty-fifth Infantry, retired from active ser-vice. Isaac Edwin Titus, of Ohio. WITH RANK FROM SEPT~MBER 22, 1908. Jacob Frank, of Vermont. · Rev. Stanley Clayton Ramsden, of New Jersey, vice Brock­ Warren Reigle Bell, of Pennsylvania. uann, Twenty-seventh Infantry resigned. Arthur Griffith Campbell, of Virginia. John Thomas Rowe, of Virginia. CAVALRY ARM, Frederick Le Roy Martfu; of Indiana. To be second lieutenants, with rank from September 25, 1908. To be second lieutenant; with rank from October 1, 1908. Herbert Hamlin White, of Idaho. Chauncey St. Claire McNeill, of West Virginia. Sergt. Harold Lincoln Gardiner, One hundred and ninth Com­ John Pullman, of New York. pany, Coast Artillery Corps. Frank Keet Ross, of Pennsylvania. INFANTRY ARM. Herman Kobbe, of California. To be second lieutenant, with rank from June 9, 1908. John Ashley Warden, of Texas. John Caffery Walker, jr., of Texas. ·Alva Lee, of Wyoming, late midshipman, United States Navy. Victor McDowell Whitside, of the District of Columbia. To be second lieutenants, with rank from August ~9, 1908. FIELD ARTILLERY. Corp. Roy Walter Winton, Company H, Twenty-sixth In- fantry. To be s_econd lieutenants, with rank from Septembe·r ~5, 1908. Sergt. Frederick Caldwell Phelps, Sixth Company, Coast Edward Postell King, jr., of Georgia, Artillery Corps. · Kenneth Sheild. Per;kins, of Virginia. Q. l\I. Sergt. James Luke Frink, Troop H, Thirteenth Cavalry, Robert George Kirkwood, of Illinois. Sergt. John Burges Johnson, Company B, Hospital Corps. Harold Everett Marr, of Maine. Q. M. Sergt. Edmund Russell Andrews, One hundred and J.oseph Wright Rumbough, of Virginia. eighteenth Company, Coast Artillery Corps. · William McCleave, of Montana. Master Gunner Spencer Montgomery Smith, Coast Artillery Allan Clay McBride, of Maryland. Corps. · Joe Reese Brabson, of Tennessee. Sergt. Joseph Albert Rogers, Company G, Ninth Infantry. Leonard Craig Sparks, of Washington. Sergt. jWalter Richard Taliaferro, One hundred and tenth John Alden Crane, of Maryland. Company, Coast Artillery Corps. Albert Kenny Craven Palmer, of Maine. Squadron Sergt. Maj. Henry John Damm, Third Cavalry. Frederick Almyron Prince, of I1linois. Master Gunner Max Robert Wainer, Coast Artillery Corps. Marshall Magruder, of the District of Columbia., Sergt. Emmett Wilbur Smith, Company I, Twenty-eighth Truby Cheney Martin, of Kansas. Infantry. 'Vilbur Rogers, of Kansas. · Sergt. Charles Thorpe Griffith, Troop H, Thifteenth Cavalry. Louis Roberts Dougherty, of California. Samuel Roland Hopkins, of Maryland. To be second lieutenants, 'tvith rank ft·om September 4, 1908. Frederick Warren Stewart, at large, Robert Henry Willis, jr., of South Carolina. Joaepll Taylor Clement, of Florida. C~'rles Elting Coates, of Pennsylvania, 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. ~1

To be second lieutenants, with ranlc from September ~5, 1908. Commander William N. Little to be a captain in the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. William C. Eaton, retired. Martin Conrad Shallenberger, of Nebraska. Lieut. Commander Harry George to . be a commander in the William Baldridge Loughborough, at large. navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Frank E. James Wallace Peyton, of Virginia. Beatty, promoted. Oral Eugene Clark, of Michigan. Lieut. Commander.Frederick L. Chapin to be a commander in Robert Coker, of Massachusetts. Marcel Selby Keene, of Maryland. the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Moses William Ferguson Hoey, jr., of Delaware. L. Wood, promoted. John Hale Stutesman, of Indiana. Lieut. Commander William C. Herbert to be a commander in William Willis Boddie, of North Carolina. the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Robert William Gladstone Langwill, of Iowa. M. Doyle, promoted. James Anthony Sarratt, of South Carolina. Lieut. Commander Alexander S. Halstead to be a commander Frank Melvin Kennedy, of Illinois. in the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander John Thomas Harris; of West Virginia. Wythe M. Parks, promoted. Albert Sidney Johnston Tucker, of Virginia. Lieut. Commander Harry A. Field to be a commander in the Marion Ogilvie French, of New York. . navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander William George William Carlyle Whiting, of Virginia. B. Caperton, promoted. George Robbins Simpson, of Virginia. Lieut. Commander Chester M. Knepper to be a commander in Charles WinBlow Elliott, of Minnesota. the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander James James Douglas Rivet, of Massachusetts. T. Smith, promoted. George Richard Koehler, of New Jersey. Lieut. Commander Clarence S. Williams to be a commander James Alfred Merritt, of Maryland. in the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Oliver Seth Wood, of Arkansas. George S. Willits, promoted. Alexander Warner Cleary, of New York. Lieut. Commander Frank K. Hill to be a commander in the Allen Mitchell Burdett, of Georgia. navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Walter Herbert Clarence Fooks, of Maryland. F. Worthington, promoted. John Register Emory, jr., of Virginia. Lieut. Commander Roger Welles to be a commander in the Jacob Herman Rudolph, of Wisconsin. navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander William Elbe Allen Lathrop, of Minnesota. N. Little, promoted. Raymond Ceward Baird, of Iowa. Lieut. Commander John D. McDonald to be a commander in Matthew Addison Palen, of California. the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Horace W. Harrison, retired. PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. Lieut. Commander Hilary P. Jones, jr., to be a commander Capt. John K. Barton to be Engineer in Chief and Chief of in the navy fTom the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander the Bureau of Steam Engineering, in the Department of the Percival J. Werlich, retired. Navy, with the rank of rear-admiral, vice Engineer in Chief Lieut. Commander William R. Shoemaker to be a commander Charles W. Rae, deceased. in the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Lieut. (Junior Grade) Charles W. Densmore, to be a lieu­ John L. Gow, retired. tenant in the navy from the 30th day of July, 1907, to fill a Lieut. Commander Charles M. Fahs to be a commander in vacancy existing in that grade on that date. the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander Harry Ensign Clarence S. Vanderbeck to be a lieutenant (junior Hall, retired. grade) in the navy from the 30th day of July, 1907, upon the Lieut. Commander Charles P. Plunkett to be a commander in completion of three years' service in present grade. the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Commander James Lieut. (Junior Grade) Clarence S. Vanderbeck to be a lieu­ G. Doyle, retired. tenant in the navy from the 30th day of July, 1907, to fill a Capt John E. Pillsbury to be a rear-admiral in the navy from vacancy existing in that grade on that date. the 4th day of July, 1908, vice Rear-Admiral Charles M. Thomas, Lieut. (Junior Grade) Kirby B. Crittenden to be a lieutenant deceased. in the navy from the 1st day of November, 1907, to fill a vacancy Capt Adolph Marix, an additional number in grade, to be a existing in that grade on that date. rear-admiral in .the navy from the 4th day of July, 1908, with Lieut. Henry T. Baker to be a lieutenant-commander in the Capt. John E. Pillsbury, promoted. · navy from the 18th day of November, 1907, vice Lieut. Com­ Capt. Raymond P. Rodgers, an additional number in grade, to mander William B. Fletcher, promoted. be a rear-admiral in the navy from the 4th day of July, 1908, The following-named lieutenants (junior grade) to be lieu­ with Capt. Adolph Marix, promoted. tenants in the navy from the 3d day of February, 1908, to fill Commander Frank H. Eldridge to be a captain in the navy vacancies existing in that grade on that date: from the 4th day of July, 1908, vice Capt. John E. Pillsbury, William W. Smyth, promoted. John S. Arwine, jr., and Lieut. Commander Volney 0. Chase to be a commander in the Butler Y. Rhodes. navy from the 4th day of July, 1908, vice Commander Frank Lieut. Commander John M. Ellicott to be a commander in the H. Eldridge, promoted. navy from the 24th day of April, 1908, vice Commander York Capt. Royal R. Ingersoll to be a rear-admiral in the navy Noel, deceased. from the 11th day of July, 1908, vice Rear-Admiral Richard­ Lieut. Commander Charles W. Dyson to be a commander in son Clover, retired. the navy from the 15th day of May, 1908, vice Commander Capt. Seaton Schroeder, an additional number in grade, to be Frank F. Fletcher, promoted. a .rear-admiral in the navy from the 11th day of July, 1903, Commander Frank E. Beatty to be a captain in the navy from w1th Capt. Royal R. Ingersoll, promoted. the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. Charles P. Perkins, retired. Capt. Richard Wainwright, an additional number in grade, to . Commander Moses L. Wood to be a captain in the navy from be u rear-admiral in the navy from the 11th day of July, 1908, the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. Theodoric Porter, retired. with Capt. Seaton Schroeder, promoted. Commander Robert M. Doyle to be a captain in the navy from Capt. Thomas C. McLean to be a rear-admiral· in the na •Y the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. George L. Dyer, retired. from the 19th day of July, 1908, vice near-Admiral William '1'. Commander Wythe M. Parks to be a captain in the navy from Burwel1, retired. the 1st day CYf July, 1908, vice Capt. Charles W. Bartlett, retired. Commander Templin M. Potts to be a captain in the navy Commander Frank H. Bailey, an additional number in grade from the 19th day of July, 1908, vice Capt. Thomas C. McLean, to be a captain in the navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, with promoted. Capt. Wythe 1\I. Parks, promoted. Lieut. Commander George R. Slocum to be a commander in Commander William B. Caperton to be a captain in the navy the navy from the 19th day of July, 1908, vice Commander from the 1st day of July, 1!>03, \ice Capt. Henry Morrell, retired. Templin 1\1. Potts, promoted. · Commander James T. Smith to be a captain in the navy from Commander Burns T. Walling to be u captain in the navy the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. John M. Robinson, retired. from the 20th day of July, 1908, vice Capt. Henry McCrea, de­ Commander George S. Willits to be a captain in the navy ceased. from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. Robert G. Denig, The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants (junior grade) retired. in the nayy from the 30th day of July, 1908, upon the comple­ Commander Walter F. Worthington to be a captain in the tion of three yem·s' service in present grade: navy from the 1st day of July, 1908, vice Capt. George H. Charles ll. Bullock, · Peters, retired. ?ugh 1\IcL. Walker, 42 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE. DECEMB~R 8,

John Grady, site their names; upon the completion of three years' service iii' Arthur 0. Kail, and present grade: Robert W. Kessler. Milton E. Lando, October 26, 1907 ; The following-named lieutenants (junior grade) to be lieu­ Judson L. Taylor, December 17, 1907; tenants in the navy fi·om the 30th day of July, 1908, to fill va­ Paul R. Stalnaker, May 3, 1908; and cancies existing in that grade on that date: George S. Hathaway, August 1, 1908. Oliarles H. Bullock, Passed Asst. S urg. John J: Snyder to be a surgeon in the Hugh 1\fcL. Walker, and navy from the 4th day of April, 1908, vice Surg. John E. Page, John Grady. · retired. Capt. William J. Barnette to be a rear-admiral in the navy Passed Asst. Surg. Edward l\1. Blackwell to be a surgeon in from the 1st day of August, 1908, vice Rear-Admiral William S. the navy from the 4th day of April, 1908, vice Surg. John M. Cowles, retired. ·Moore, dismissed. Commander Clifford J. Boush to be a captain in the navy Passed Asst. Surg. George F. Freeman to be a surgeon in the from the 1st day of August, 1908, vice Capt. William J. Bar­ navy from the 2d day of August, 1908, vice Surg. John F. Urie, nette, ·promoted. retired. ' Lieut. Commander Joseph Strauss to be a commander in the Medical Inspector Lucien G. H eneberger to be a medical navy from the 3d day of September, 1908, vice Commander director in the navy from the 2d day of September, l!:l08, Yice James H. Sears, promoted. Medical Director Walter A. McClurg, retired. Capt. Edwin K. Moore to be a rear-admiral in the navy n·om Surg. Henry T. Percy to be a medical inspector in the navy the 7th day of September, 1908, vice Rear-Admiral John P. from the 2d day of September, 1908, vice Medical Inspector Merrell, retired. Lucien G. Heneberger, promoted. Capt. John A. Rodgers, an_additional number in grade, to be a Surg. James D. Gatewood to be a medical inspector in the rear-admiral in the navy from the 7th day of September, 1908, navy from the 18th day of September, 1908, vice Medical In­ with Capt. Edwin K . .Moore, promoted. spector John M. Steele, retired. Commander Abrabam E. Culver to be a captain in the navy Surg. Oliver Diehl to be a medical inspector in the navy from the 7th day of September, 1908, vice Capt. Edwin K. from the 11th day of October, 1908, vice Medical Inspectol.' Moore, promoted. Clement Biddle, retired. Lieut. Commander Robert L. Russell to be a commander in The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the the navy from the 7th day of September, 1908, vice Commander navy from the 15th day of ,rune, 1908, to fill vacancies existing Abraham E. Culver, promoted. in that grade on that date: Capt. James D. Adnms to be a rear-admiral in the navy fi·om David G. Allen, a citizen of Georgia; the 25th day of October, 1908, vice Rear-Admiral James H. Lindsay C. Whiteside, a citizen of Pennsylvania; Dayton, retired. , Chandler W. Smith, a citizen of Pennsylvania; and Commander Henry T. Mayo to be a captain in the navy from George C. Thomas, a citizen of Pennsylvania. the 25th day of October, 1908, vice Capt. James D. Adams, The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the· promoted. navy from the 15th day of July, 1!>08, to fill vacancies existing Lieut. Commander Harrison A. Bispham to be a commander in that grade on that date: in the navy from the 25th day of October, 1908, vice Commander Joseph R. Phelps, a citizen of Massachusetts; Henry T. l\fayo, promoted. George B. Crow, . a citizen of Missouri; and Capt. Gottfried Blocklinger to be a· rear-admiral in the navy Alfred I~. Clifton, a citizen of Delaware. from the 30th day of October, 1908, vice Rear-Admiral .Albert R. Harry W. B. Turner, a citiz~n of California, to be an assistant Couden, retired. surgeon in the navy from the 30th day of July, 1908, to fill a Lieut. Commander Armistead Rust to be a commander in the vacancy existing in that grade on that date. navy from the 30th day of October, 1908, vice Commander Reginald B. Henry, a citizen of New York, and H arry A. Gilt­ Charles C. Rogers, promoted. ner, a citizen of Indiana, to be assistant surgeons in the navy Ensign Edgar G. Oberlin to take . rank as an ensign in the from the lOth day of September, 1908, to fill vacancies existing navy from the 31st day of January, 1907, to correct the date in thafgrade on that date. from which he takes rank as confirmed on May 14, 1908. Lloyd P. Shippen, a citizen of Maryland, and Lucius W. John­ 1\Iidshipman _Sylvester H. Lawton, jr., to be an ensign in the son, a citizen of Pennsylvania, to be assistant surgeons in the navy from the '31st day of January, 1907, upon the completion navy from the 17th day of September, 1908, to fill vacancies ex­ of three years' service in present grade. isting in that grade on that date. The following-named midshipmen to be ensigns in the navy The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the from the 13th day of February, 1908, to fill vacancies existing navy fi·om the 3d day of October, 1908, to fill vacancies existing in that grade on that date: in that grade on that date: · George S. Bryan, John B. Pollard, a citizen of Virginia; Edward S . .Moses, Arthur H. Dodge, a citizen of Rhode Island; Milo F. Draemel, George F. Cottle, a citizen of New York; and Isaac C. Shute, William L. Mann, jr., a citizen of Texas. Henry G. Fuller, 'l'he following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the Andrew S. Hickey, navy from the 12th day of October, 1908, to fill vacancies exist­ Francis 1\f. Robinson, ing in that grade on that date: John F. Connor, Roy Cuthbertson, a citizen of Michigan; Charles C. Hartigan, George B. Whitmore, a citizen of New York; William H. Booth, John A. B. Sinclair, a citizen of Virginia; and Charles S. McWhorter, Donald H. Noble, a citizen of Pennsylvania. Douglas W. Fuller,· Passed Asst. Paymaster George P. Auld to be a paymaster Herbert E. Emerson, in the navy from the 5th daJo of December, 1906, vice Paymaster George E. Lake, Dexter Tiffany, 'jr., resigned. Albert S. Rees, Paymaster William J. Littell to be a pay inspector h1 the Fred F. Rogers, navy from the 5th day of April, 1908, vice Pay Inspector Charles Lynn B. Bernheim, S. Williams, promoted. Wilfred E. Clarke, Passed Asst. Paymaster John A. B. Smith, jr., to be a paymas­ Garrett K. Davis, ter in the navy from the 5th day of April, 1908, vice Paymaster William B. Howe, William J. Littell, promoted. Hamilton F. Glover, Paymaster Martin .1\fcl\I. Ramsay to be a pay inspector in the Herndon B. Kelly, navy from the 2d day of May, 1908, vice Pay Inspector Thomas Arthur A. Garcelon, jr., and J. Cowie, promoted. Jefferson B. Goldman. Passed Asst. Paymaster Felix R Holt to be a paymaster in Gunner James J. Manning and Boatswain Benjamin J. Greene the navy from the 2d day of May, 1908, vice Paymaster Martin to be ensigns in the navy from the 30th day of July, 1908, in 1\Ic.l\f. Ramsay, promoted. · accordance with the pr·ovisions of an act· of Congress approved Passed Asst. Paymaster Emmett C. Gudger to be a paymaster March 3, 1901, as amended by the acts of March 3, •1903, and in the navy from the 5th d-ay of May, 1908, vice Paymaster April 27, 1!>04. . Walter L. Wilson, retired. I nominate the following-named assistant surgeons to be The following-named assistant paymasters in the navy to be· fl1'SBed assistant surgeons in the navy from the dates set oppo- passed assistant paymasters in the navy from \he dates set 1908. CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD-SENATE. opposite their names, upon the completion of three years' serv­ First Lieut. William H. Pritchett to be a captain in the ice in present grade: United States Marine Corps from the 5th day of May, 1908, Fred W. Holt, October 23, 1007; vice Capt. Philip M. Bannon, promoted. Walter D. Sharp, October 23, 1907; Second Lieut. Jeter R. Horton to be a first lieutenant in the Raymond B. Westlake, October 23, 1907; United States Marine Corps from the 5th day of May, 1908, Gordon A. Helmicks, October 23, 1907 ; vice First Lieut. William H. Pritchett, promoted. John M. Hancock, October 23, 1907; Lieut. Col. Lincoln Karmany to be a colonel in the United Graham M. Adee, October 23, 1907; States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, to fill a George R. Crapo, October 23, 1907 ; vacancy created by an act of Congress approved on that date. Thorn Williamson, jr., October 23, 1907; Maj. John A. Lejeune to be a lieutenant-colonel in the United William N. Hughes, October 23, 1907; States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice Lieut. 1Ioward H. Alkire, November 30, 1907; Col. Lincoln Karmany, promoted. John N. Jordan, January 6, 1908; Maj. Eli K. Cole to be a lieutenant-colonel in the United Harold W. Browning, March 15, 1908; States .Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908., to fill a Benjamin H. Brooke, July 8, 1908; vacancy created by an act of Congress approved on thaf date. Thomas J. Bright, July 8, 1908; Capt. Newt H. Hall to be a major in the United States Ma­ Emory D. Stanley, July 8, 1908; rine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice Maj. John A. Lewis W. L. Jennings, July 8, 1908; Lejeune, promoted. Brantz 1\fayer, July 8, 1908; Capt. Henry Leonard to be a major in the United States Ma­ Swinton L. Bethea, July 8, 1908; rine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice Maj. Smedley William G. Neill, July 8, 1908; D. Butler, an additional number in grade. Harry E. Collins, July 8, 1908; Capt. George C. Thorpe to be a major in the United States John H. Gunnell, July 8, 1908; Marine Corps from the 13th day of May; 1908, vice Maj. Henry Emmett H. Tebeau, July 8, 1908; Leonard, an additional number in grade. Charles E. Parsons, July 8, 1908; Capt. Charles S. Hill to be a major in the United States Ma­ .William J. Hine, July 8, 1908; rine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, to fill a vacancy Francis J. Daly, July 8, 1908; and created by an act of Congress approved on that date. Roland W. Schumann, July 8, 1908. Capt. Henry C. Davis to be a major in the United States The following-named citizens to be assistant paymasters in Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, to fill a vacancy the navy from the 23d day of July, 1908, to fill vacancies exist­ created by an act of Congress on that date. ing in that grade on that date: First Lieut. William · G. Fay to be a captain in the United William R. Van Buren, a citizen of New York; States Marine Corps from the 13th day ,of May, 1908, vice Capt. Raymond E. Corcoran, a citizen of South Carolina; Henry Leonard, promoted. Elwood A. Cobey, a citizen of Maryland; First Lieut. Robert Y. Rhea to be a .captain in the United Spencer E. Dickinson, a citizen of California; States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice Capt. Robert S. Chew, jr., a citizen of the District of Columbia; George C. Thorpe, promoted. Russell Van De W. Bleecker, a citizen of New York; and First ~ieut. Thomas Holcomb, jr., to be a captain in the Thomas R. LeCompte, a citizen of Maryland. United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, Ensign Allan J. Chantry, jr., to be an assistant naval con­ vice Capt. Henry C. Davis, promoted. structor in the navy from the 30th day of October, 1908, to fill The following-named first lieutenants to be captains in the a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, to The following-named j>oatswains in the navy to be chief fill vacancies created by an act of Congress approved on that date: boatswains in the navy from the dates set opposite their names Edward A. Greene, upon the completion of six years' senrice in present grade: Edward B. Manwaring, Daniel Montague, June 15, 1904; Thomas M. Clinton, John Winn, November 5, 1907; Hamilton D. South, John Eberwine, March 11, 1908 ; James T: Buttrick, August Wohltman, March 11, 1908; Giles Bishop, jr., John A. Riley, March 11, 1908 ; James K. Tracy, William Martin, March 11, 1908; and Arthur J. O'Leary, Harry G. Jacklin, July 5, 1908. Berton W. Sibley, The following-named gunners to be chief gunners in the navy Frank F. Robard!:1, from the dates set opposite their names upon the completion of William Brackett, six years' service in present grade: Chandler Campbell, August C. Steinbrenner, August 1, 1906; William L. Redles, Leonard Roll, March 11, 1908; Woodell A. Pickering, Isaiah Wilbur, March 11, 1908; and Charles T. Westcott, jr., and George A. Messing, March 11, 1908. Franklin S. Wiltse. 1\Iajor, Assistant Adjutant and Inspector Rufus H. Lane to Second Lieut. Henry N. Manney, jr., to be a first lieutenant be an assistant adjutant and inspector in the United States in the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, Marine Corps with the rank of lieutenant-colonel from the 13th 1908, vice First Lieut. Frank C. Lander, promoted. d~y of May, 1908, to fill a vacancy created by an act of Congress Second Lieut. Clifford P. Meyer to be a first lieutenant in the · approved on that date. United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, Captain, Assistant Quartermaster William B. Lemly to be an vice First Lieut. Thomas H. Brown, promoted. . assistant quartermaster in the United States Marine Corps with Second Lieut. Franklin B. Garrett to be a first lieutenant in the rank of major from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice Major, the United States Marine Cor.Ps from the 13th day of May, 1908, Assistant Quartermaster Charles L. McCawley, promoted. vice First Lieut. William G. Fay, promoted. Captain, Assistant Quartermaster Henry L. Roosevelt to be an Second Lieut. Calvin B. Matthews to be a first lieutenant in assistant quartermaster in the United States Marine Corps with the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, the rank of major from the 13th day of May, 1908, to fill a 1908, vice First Lieut. Eli T. Fryer, promoted. vacancy created by an act of Congress approved on that date. Second Lieut. Arthur A. Racicot, jr., to be a first lieutenant Captain, Asst. Paymaster William G. Powell to be an assist­ in the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, ant paymaster in the United States Marine Corps with the rank 1908, vice First Lieut. Edward A. Greene, promoted. of major from the 13th day of l\Iay, 1908, to fill a vacancy created Second Lieut. Tom D. Barber to be a first lieutenant in the by an act of Congress approved on that date. United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of 1\fay, 1908, First Lieut. Logan Tucker to be an assistant quartermaster in vice First Lieut. Hamilton D. South, promoted. the United States Marine Corps with the rank of captain from Second Lieut. Hermann T. Vulte to be a first lieutenant in the 28th day of September, 1908, vice Captain, Asst. Quarter­ the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of .May, master Edwin A. Jonas, retired. 1908, vice First :Lieut. James T. Buttrick, promoted. Second Lieut. Edward H. Conger to be a first lieutenant in Second Lieut. Edward W. Sturdevant, jr., to be a first lieu­ the United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of March, tenaut in the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of 1908, vice First Lieut. Cleyburn McCauley, retired. May, 1908, vice First Lieut. Giles Bishop, jr., promoted. Capt. Philip l\1. Bannon to be a major in the United States Second Lieut. Andrew B. Drum to be a first lieutenant in the Marine Corps from the 5th day of May, 1908, vice Maj. Edward United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, R. Lowndes, retired. vice First Lieut. James K. Tracy, promoted. r 44 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DEOE1\IBER 8,

Second Lieut. Victor I. Morrison to be a first lieutenant in Capt. Smedley D. Butler· to be a oajor in the United States the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice Maj. Eli K. vice First Lieut. Ellis B. Miller, promoted. Cole, promoted. Second Lieut. Maurice E. Shearer to be a first lieutenant in Templin l\f. Potts, jr., a citizen of West Virginia, to be a the United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps from the vice First Lieut. Arthur J. O'Leary, promoted. 10th day of March, 1905, to fill a vacancy existing in that grade Second Lieut. Ward Ellis to be a :first lieutenant in the on that date. United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, Clarke H. Wells, a citizen of the District of Columbia, to be a vice.First Lieut. Berton W. Sibley, promoted. second lieutenant rn the United States Marine Corps from the Second Lieut. Charles A. Lutz to be a first lieutenant in the 9th day of September, 1908, to fill a vacancy existing in that United States Marine Corps· from the 13th day of May; 1908, grade on that date. vice First Lieut. William Brackett, promoted. POSTMASTERS, Second Lieut. Calhoun Ancrum to be a first lieutenant in the ALABAMA. United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, vice First Lieut. Chandler Campbell, promoted. James A. Chambliss to be postmaster at Enterprise, Ala., in place of James A. Chambliss. Incumbent's commission expires Second Lieut. David 11£. Randall to be a first lieutenant in the DeC!ember 15, 1908. United States Marine Corps i'rom the 13th day of May, 1908, William B. Dale to be postmaster at Camden, Ala., in place vice First Lieut. William L. Hedles, promoted. of William J. Leppert, resigned. Second Lieut. John R. Reilley to be a first lieutenant in the Daniel A. Ewing to be postmaster at Florala, Ala., in place United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, of Theodore S. Lanz, resigned. vice First Lieut. Charles T. Westcott, jr., promoted. Second Lieut. Henry S. Green to be a first lieutenant in the May T. Fowler to be postmaster at Uniontown, Ala., in place of May T. Fowler. Incumbent's commission expires December United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, 15, 1908. vice First Lieut. Franklin S. Wiltse, promoted. Second Lieut. Ralph L. Shepard to be a first lieutenant in the A. W. Hawke to be postmaster at Samson, Ala. Office became United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, presidential April 1, 1908. vice First Lieut. F.t"ederick A. Ramsey, promoted. Henry L. Marsh to be postmaster at Abbeville, Ala. Office The following-named second lieutenants in the United States became presidential April 1, 1906. Marine Corps to be first lieutenants in the Marine Corps from James W. Pilgreen to be postmaster at Calera, Ala. Office the 13th day of May, 1908, to fill vacancies created in that grade became presidential July 1, 1908. by an act of Congress approved on that date: Thomas H. Stephens to be postmaSter at Gadsden, Ala., in Howard W. Stone, place of Thomas H. Stephens. Incumbent's commission expires Bennet Puryear, jr., December 15, 1908. William W. Buckley, .Byron Trammell to be postmaster at Dothan, Ala., in place of Byron Trammell. Incumbent's commission expires December 15, Williain c. Wise, jr., 190. William D. Smith, Harold B. Pratt, and Robert H. Trammell to be postmaster at Lockhart, Ala. Office Randolph Coyle. became presidential October 1, 1908. Charley N. Thompson to be postmaster at Piedmont, Ala., in !l'irst Lieut. Frederick A. Ramsey to be a captain in the place of Charley N. Thompson. Incumbent's commission expired United States Marine Corps from the 13th day of May, 1908, to April 27, 1908. fill a vacancy created by an act of Congress approved on that William Wagner to be postm·aster at Atmore, Ala. Office be- date. came presidential October 1, 1906. • First Lieut. John A. Hughes to be a captain in the United Newton L. Wilson to be postmaster at Blocton, Ala., in place States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, 1908, vice Capt. of Newton L. Wilson. Incumbent's commission expired June 19, Harold C. Reisinger, appointed captain, assistant quartermaster. 1906. Second Lieut. Philip H. Torrey to be a first lieutenant in the Lea Woodruff to be postmaster at Demopolis, Ala., in place of United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, 1908, Wiley F. Kennamer. Incumbent's commission expired December vice First Lieut. Earl H. Ellis, promoted. 19, 1907. Second Lieut. Robert L. Denig to be a first lieutenant in the ABKANSAS. United States Marine Corps from the_14th day of May, 1908, vice First Lieut. John A. Hughes, promoted. James F. Burrus to be postmaster at Atkins, Ark. Office be­ Second Lieut. Logan Tucker to be a .first lieutenant in the came presidential October 1, 1908. United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, 1908, Lyman S. Roach to be postmaster at Texru·kana, Ark., in vice First Lieut. Frank Halford, appointed a captain, assistant place of L;vnan S. Roach. Incumbent's commission expires quartermaster. February 1, 1909. Second Lieut. Charles S. McReynolds to be a first lieutenant J. E. Woodson to be postmaster at Hope, Ark., in place of .in the United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, James R. Gibson. Incumbent's commission expired February 1908, vice First Lieut. Walter E. Noa, appointed a captain, 23, 1908. assistant quartermaster. CALIFORNIA. Second Lieut. Charles F. B. Price to be a first lieutenant in John 1\f. Jolley to be postmaster at Oceanside, Cal., in place the United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, of John M. Jolley. Incumbent's commission expires D ec mber 1903, vice First Lieut. Seth Williams, appointed a captain, as­ 12, 1908. . sistant quartermaster. James G. Mason to be postmaster at Menlo Park, Cal., in place Second Lieut. William C. Powers, jr., to be a first lieutenant of Jane E. Loveland, resigned. in the United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, Oscar L. Meek to be postmaster at Marysville, Cal., in place 1908, vice First Lieut. Davis B. Wills, appointed a captain, as- of John P. Swift, resigned. 3istant paymaster. E ther Murphy to be postmaster at Alhambra, Cal., in place Second Lieut. Russell H. Davis to be a first lieutenant in the of Frank B. Elwood, resigned. United States Marine Corps from the 14th day of May, 1908, Frederick B. ~'ichols to be postmaster at McCloud, CaL, in vice First Lieut. Edward W. Banker, appointed a captain, place of Frederick B. Nichols. Incumbent's commission expires assistant quartermaster. December 12, 1008. Second Lieut. Sydney S. Lee to be a first lieutenant in the Kellle Pellet to be postmaster at Brawley, Cal. Office became United States l\iarine Corps from the 14th day of May, 1908, pre idential July 1, 190 . - vice First Lieut. Charles R. Sanderson, appointed a captain, H. C. Trip11ett to be postmaster at Roseville, Cal. . Office be­ assistant quartermaster. came presidential October 1, 1UOS. Second Lieut. Robert Tittoni to be a first lieutenant in the J. H. Williams to be postmaster at Compton, Cal., in. place of United States Marine Corps from the 17th day of May, 1908, Lorenzo A. Rockwell, removed. vice First Lieut. William A. Howard, retired. l!...,irst Lieut. Thomas n Turner to be a captain in the United COLORADO. States Marine Corps from the 17th day of June, 1908, vice Capt. Francis l\I. Carman to be postmaster at Limon, Colo. Office Henry 0. Bisset, retired. became presidential October 1, 1908. Second Lieut. Ross E. Rowell to be a first lieutenant in the Henry ·w. Lance to be postmaster at Rocky Ford, Colo., in United States Madne Corps from the 17th day of June, 1908, 11Iuce of Henry W. Lance. Incun1bent's commission expires De­ vice First Lieut. Thomas C. Turner, promoted. cember 15, 1908. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

Griffith R. Lewis to be postmaster at Cripple Creek, Colo., in Joel W. Ellis to be postmaster at Seneca, Ill., in place of place of Daniel 1\1. Sullivan. Incumbent's commission expired Joel W. Elli~ Incumbent's commission expires December 12, January 4 190 . 1908. R obert S. Lewis to be postmaster at Canon City, Colo., in John Holliday to be postmaster at Kirkwood, Ill., in place of place of Robert S. Lewis. Incumbent's commission expil:es De- John Holliday. Incumbent's commission expires December 12, cember 15, 1908. • 1908. CONNECTICUT. Henry C. · Jones to be postmaster at Marion, Ill., in place of John W. Cook to be postmaster at Beacon Falls, Conn. Of­ Henry C. Jones. Incumbent's commission expires December 12, fice became presidential July 1, 1908. 1908. Alexander B. Gardner to be postmaster at Milford, Conn., in William A. Kelly to be postmaster at West Frankfort, Ill. place of Alexander B. Gardner. Incumbent's commission ex­ Office became presidential January 1, 1908. pires December 14, 100 . Warren J. Lincoln to be postmaster at Mount Pulaski, ill., Harvey S. Halligan to be postmaster at Seymour, Conn., in in place of Warren J. Lincoln. Incumbent's commission expires place of Wilbur W. Smith, deceased• . Dccemb:er 12, 1908. Nelson R. Jessup to be postmaster at Stamford, Conn., in Robert L. Lutton to be postmaster at Clifton, Ill. Office be­ place of Joshua A. Fessenden, deceased. came presidential October 1, 1908. William L. Judson to be postmaster at Woodbury, Conn. Henry P. 1\filler to be postmaster at Cobden, Ill., in place of Office became presidential October 1, 1908. Orlando E. Baldwin, resigned. William H. Kelsey to be postmaster at Clinton Conn., in Robert J. Morray to be postmaster at Creal Springs, Ill. place of William H. Kelsey. Incumbent's commission expires Office became presidential October 1, 1908. December 12, 1908. Fred. W. Pattee to be postmaster at Elburn, Ill., in place of Giles P. Lecrenier to be postmaster at Moodus, Conn. Office Fred W. Pattee. Incumbent's commission expires December 12, became presidential October 1, 1908. 1908. Charles H. Taylor to be postmaster at Georgetown, Conn. Edgar Rodee to be postmaster at Prophetstown, lll., in place Office became presid,ential July 1, 1908. of Ansel B. Case, resigned. DELAWARE. Paul P. Shutt to be postmaster at Paris, Ill., in place of George W. Baber, deceased. . John R. Black to be postmaster at Milton, Del. Office be­ Frederick J. Simater to be postmaster at Minonk, Til., in place came presidential April 1, 1908. of Alfred R. Wilcox, resigned. FLORIDA~ William L. Spear to be postmaster at Rankin, ill.• in place of Frank Vans Agnew to be postmaster at Kissilnmee, Fla., in Samuel S. Irwin. Incumbent's commission expires January 9, place of Willard L. Van Duzor, removed. 1909. Charles E. Barnes to be postmaster at Plant City, Fla., in J. W. Thompson to be postmaster at Granite City, Ill., in place place of Eben B. Trask, resigned. of Frank 1\f. Gauger. Incumbent's commission expired Novem­ Newell B. Hull to be postmaster at Starke, Fla., in place ber 17, 1907. of Newell B. Hull. Incumbent's commission expires December Charles G. Watrous to be postmaster at Waukegan, ill., in 16, 1908. place of Charles G. Watrous. Incumbent's commission expires Charles H. Jones to be postmaster at Quincy, Fla., in place of December 16, 1908. George A. W. Wendell, resigned. I:IS'DIANA. GEORGIA. Joseph EJ. Gordon to be postmaster at Versailles, Ind., in place John R. Barclay to be postmaster at Rome, Ga., in place of of Lewis A. Lee, resigned. John R. Barclay. Incumbent's commission expires December · Charles E. Hillstrom to be postmaster at Chesterton, Ind., in 12, 1008. place of Charles E. Hillstrom. Incumbent's commission expires William T. Edwards to be postmaster at Canton, Ga.~ in place December 12, 1908. of William T. Edwards. Incumbent's commission expires De­ Charles ·Fremont Hoover to be postmaster at Akron, Ind. cember 12, 1908. Office became presidential October l, 1908. George B. Grier to be postmaster at Dublin, Ga .• in place of Knode D. Porter to be postmaster at Hagerstown, Ind., in Clark Grier, resigned. place of Knode D. Porter. Incumbent's commission expiTed H elen D. Longstreet to be postmaster at Gainesville, Ga., January 4, 1908. in place of Helen D. Longstreet. Incumbent's commission ex­ William EJ. Sholty to be postmaster at Windfall, Ind. Office pired December 8, 1908. became presidential October 1, 1908. Henry l\:1. Miller to be postmaster at Colquitt, Ga. Office Phineas 0. Small to be postmaster at Laporte, Ind., in place became presidential July 1, 1908. of Phineas 0. Small. Incumbent's commission expires December Thomas M. Scovill to be postmaster at Oglethorpe. Ga. Office 14,1908. became presidential July 1, 1908. 1\foses Specter to be postmaster at East Chicago, Ind., in HAWAII. place of 1\Iary Ann Ross. Incumbent's commission expires · December 12, 1908. 1\f. T. Lyons to be postmaster at Wailuku, Hawaii, in place of IOWA. Vetle A. Vetlesen. Incumbent's commission ~pired November 17, 1907. Carlos G. Aldrich to be postmaster at Schaller, Iowa, in place IDAHO. of Charles G. Aldrich. Incumbent's commission expires Decem­ Charles C. Moore to be postmaster at St. Anthony, Idaho, in ber 12, 1908. place of Marcellus J. Gray, removed. Martin .A. A~sgaard to be postmaster at Lake Mills, Iowa, in A. T. Shane to be postmaster at Idaho Falls, Idaho, in place place of Ferdrnand A. Christensen. Incumbent's commission of Ed F. Winn, removed. expired January 11, 1908. Thomas C. White to be postmaster at St. Maries, Idaho. George Banger to be postmaster at Laporte City, Iowa, in Office became presidential October 1, 1908. place of George Banger. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ ary 11, 1908. ILLINOIS. Charles 0. Barry to be postmaster at Walker, Iowa. Office John F. Ashwill to be postmaster at Toledo, Til., in place of became presidential October 1, 1908. John F. Ashwill. Incumbent's commission expires December 14, Edgar 0. Beanblossom to be postmaster at Whiting, Iowa, in 1908. place o.f Edgar 0. Beanblossom. Incumbent's commission ex­ Henry C. Bogue to be postmaster at Vermont, Ill., in place of pires December 12, 1908. Henry C. Bogue. Incumbent's commission expires December Dennis Bittner to be postmaster at Olin, Iowa. Office became 16, 1908. presidential October 1, 1908. Theodore Boltenstern to be postmaster at Cambridge, ill., in William L. Comstock to be postmaster at Mechanicsville, Iowa1 place of Swan J. Chilberg, resigned. in place of William L. Comstock. Incumbent's commission ex­ Orange L. Campbell to be postmaster at Knoxville, Ill., in pires December 14, 1908. place of Orange L. Campbell. Incumbent's commission expires Hans Evenson to be postmaster at Calmar, Iowa. Office be­ December 12, 1908. came presidential July 1, 1908. Frank J. Chapman to be postmaster at McLeansboro, Ill., in Fred J. Fearis to be postmaster at Richland, Iowa. Office be· place of Augustus Gibson, deceased. came presidential October 1, 1908. Albert S. Corl to be postmaster at North Crystal Lake, Ill. John H. Hunt to be postmaster at Allison, Iowa, in place of (late 1\lunda), in place of Albert S. Corl. To change name of Lambert J. Rogers.. Incumbent's commission expired November office. 1?',_1907. I ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 8,

J. E. '1'. Johnson to be postmaster at Gowrie, Iowa, in place of Daniel R. Randall to be postmaster at Annapolis, Md., in Victor Nelson. Incumbent's commission expired April 27, 1908. place of Washington G. Tuck, deceased. Louis N. Kramer to be postmaster at :McGregor, Iowa, in place Asbury C. Riley to be postmaster at Snow Hill, ·Md., in place of Alonzo C. Boyle, resigned. of Charles W. Farrow, removed. Frank J. Mann to be postmaster at Burt, Iowa, in place of Rose E. Walls to be postmaster at Millington, Md. Office be­ Lincoln Hall, resigned. . cam~ presidential October 1, 1908. John C. Meredith to be postmaster at Allerton, Iowa, in place of Samuel H. Hedrix, resigned. MASSACHUSETTS. A. W. Sleeper to be postmaster at Sheldon, Iowa, in place of Samuel Atwell to be postmaster at Kingston, :Mass., in place Joe Morton, resigned. of Samuel Atwell. Incumbent's commission expired December Lewis W. Sley to be postmaster at Oxford Junction, Iowa. 8, 1908. Office became presidential July 1, 1908. James S. Burbank to be postmaster at Mattapoisett, Mass. Charles Smith to be postmaster at Clarence, Iowa, in place Office became presidential July 1, 1908. of Charles Smith. Incumbent's commission expires December Eunice Agnes Burtch to be postmaster at Sheffield, Mass. 14, 1908. Office became presidential July 1, 1908. Charles M. Stevens to be postmaster at Williams, Iowa. Asa B. Fay to be postmaster at Northboro, Mass., in place of Office became presidential April 1, 1908. · Asa B. Fay. Incumbent's commission expired December 8, 1908. L. H. Surber to be postmaster at Indianola, Iowa, in place Harrison V. Hall to be postmaster at Wrentham, Mass. Office of Evan B. Dowell. Incumbent's commission expired April became presidential October 1, 1908. 19, 1908. George EJ. Ricker to be postmaster at :Merrimac, Mass., in Frank J. Tishenbanner to be postmaster at Gilmore City, l'lace of George E. Ricker. Incumbent's commission ex~ires Iowa, in place of Lyman Beers, resigned. December 12, 1908. ·w. H. Vance to be postmaster at Winterset, Iowa, in place Joseph C. Sheehan to be postmaster at East Bridgewater, of Edward M. Smith, resigned. Mass., in place of Joseph C. Sheehan. Incumbent's commis~ sion expired December 8, 1908. KANSAS. Charles J. Shepard to be postmaster at Waltham, Mass., in Eli A. Baum to be postmaster at Burden, Kans. Office be­ place of Charles J. Shepard. Incumbent's commission expired came presidential October 1, 1908. December 8, 1908. Orlando A. Cheney to be postmaster at Fort Scott, Kans., in Osgood L. Small to be postmaster at Sagamore, Mass. Office place of Orlando A. Cheney. Incumbent's commission expires became presidential October 1, 1908. December 13, 1908. George M. Solomon to be postmaster at Hinsdale, Mass. Of­ Frank S. McKelvey to be postmaster at Gas, Kans., in place fice became presidential October, 1, J 908. of Frank S. McKelvey. Incumbent's commission expires De­ Elmer Standley to be postmaster at Beverly Farms, :Mass., in cember 13, 1908. place of Elmer Standley. Incumbent's commission expired De­ Lewis Pickrell to be postmaster at Minneapolis, Kans., in cember 8, 1908. place of Thomas E. Hurley, resigned. Marie E. White to be postmaster at South Hadley, Mass., in KENTUCKY. place of Marie E. White. Incumbent's commission expired De­ · Charles Cowell to be postmaster at Earlington, Ky., in place cember 8, 1908. of Charles G. Robinson, deceased. William F. Wiley to be postmaster at Peabody, Mass., in George A. Harding to be postmaster at _Campbellsville, Ky., place of William F. Wiley. Incumbent's commission expires in place of Thomas C. Taylor, removed. December 16, 1908. H. G. Hicks to be postmaster at Olive Hill, Ky. Office be­ MICHIGAN. came presidential January 1, 1907. Eber S. Andrews to be postmaster at Williamston, Mich., in William H. Jones to be postmaster at Glasgow, Ky., in place place of EberS. Andrews. Incumbent's commission expires De­ of James F. Taylor, resigned. cember 12, 1908. William J. Manby to be postmaster at La Grange, Ky., in Stuart Beatty to be postmaster at Utica, Mich. Office becaine place of Joseph P. Bozarth. Incumbent's commission expired presidential October 1, 1908. January 11, 1908. Thomas H. Berryman to be postmaster at Mohawk, Mich. John D. Littlejohn to be postmaster at Grayson, Ky. Office Office became presidential July 1, 1G08. became presidential October 1, 1908. Charles M. Butler to be postmaster at Morenci, Mich., in place John W. Shields to be postmaster at Williamstown, Ky., in of Charles M. Butler. Incumbent's commission expires Decem­ place of John W. Shields. Incumbent's commission expires ber 12, 1908. December 12, 1D08. Theron D. Childs to be postmaster at Three Oaks, Mich., in William A. Wallace to be postmaster at Leitchfield, Ky., in place of Theron D. Childs. Incumbent's commission expires place of Daniel O'Riley. Incumbent's commission expires De­ December 12, 1908. cember 12, 1908. David J. Evans to be postmaster at Millington, 1\Iich., in place LOUISIANA. of Henry B. Henderson, removed. Philip P. Blanchard to be postmaster at White Castle, La., in Charles W. Glover to be postmaster at Bear Lake, Mich. place of Randolph Blanchard, resigned. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. Joseph J. Lafargue to be postmaster at Donaldsonville, La., .Tens Hemingsen to be postmaster at Grant, Mich. Office be­ in place of John F. Terrio, deceased. carne presidential October 1, 1908. Theodore W. Schmidt to be postmaster at Patterson, La., in A. M. Humphrey to be postmaster at Saline, l\lich., in place place of John A. Duplan, deceased. of George Burkhart, resigned. Margarette L. Tatum to be postmaster at Gibsland, La. Of­ William F. Johnston to be postmaster at Roscommon, Mich. fice became presidential October 1, 1908. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. MAINE. Christopher C. Smith to be postmaster at Algonac, Mich., in place of Christopher C. Smith. Incumbent's commission expires Edward B. Buck to be postmaster at Foxcroft, Me., in place December 12, 1008. of Edward B. Buck. Incum'bent's commission expires Decem­ William Trevarthen to be postmaster at South Range, Mich. ber 14, 1908. Office became presidential July 1, 1908. Freeman D. Dearth to be postmaster at Dexter, Me., in place of Freeman D. Dearth. Incumbent's commission expired De- MINNESOTA. cember 8, 1908. · Marion G. Crawford to be postmaster at Lakefield, Minn., in Charles B. Haskell to be postmaster at Pittsfield, Me., in place of Marion G. Crawford. Incwnbent's commission expires place of Oramel Murray, deceased. December 12, 1908. Charles A. Lang to be postmaster at Harrison, Me. Office F. E. Toomey to be postmaster at Scanlon, Minn., in place of became presidential July 1, 1908. TheQdore G. Fasteen, removed. Frank W. Mallett to be postmaster at Fort Kent, Me. James Walker to be postmaster at Ellsworth, Minn. Office Office became presidential October 1, 1908. became presidential July 1, 1908. Charles F. Plumly to be postmaster at Lincoln, Me., in MISSISSIPPI. place of Charles F. Plumly. Incumbent's commission expired December 8, 1908. Dozier Anderson to be postmaster at Tupelo, Miss., in place of Dozier Anderson. Incumbent's commission expired April 1~ MARYLAND. 1906. Ida E. Macfarlane to be postmaster at Mount Savage, Md. James N. Atkinson to be postmaster at Summit, Miss., in Office became presidential January 1, 1908. place of Lea Van Sample, removed. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 47

Edward F. Brennan to be postmaster at Brookhaven, Miss., in Arthur F. Stecher to be postmaster at Riverside, N. J., in place of Edward H. Thompson, removed. place of August C. Stecher, deceased. Jasper F. Butler to be postmaster at Holly Springs, Miss., in NEW MEXICO. place of Priscilla S. Scruggs, removed. W. J. PTice to be postmaster at Meridian, Miss., in place of Robert Kellahin to be postmaster at Roswell, N. 1\Iex., in Andrew J. Hyde, resigned. place of Robert Kella.hin. Incumbent's commission expires Thomas Richardson to be postmaster at Port Gibson, .Miss., December 12, 1908. in place of Thomas Richardson. Incumbent's commission ex­ Ira 0. Wetmore to be postmaster at Carrizozo, N. Mex. pired February 18, 1908. Office became presidential July l, 1908. NEW YORK. MISSOURI. Arthur C. Agan to be postmaster at Fayetteville, N. Y., in Henry A. Herkstroeter to be postmaster at Washington, Mo., place of Arthur C. Agan. Incumbent's commission expires in place of Albert C. Krog, resigned. December 13, 1908. John W. Key to be postmaster at Mountain Grove, Mo., in N. Austin Baker to be postmaster at Salem, N. Y., in place place of John W. Key. Incumbent's commission expires De­ of N. Austin Baker. Incumbent's commission expires Decem­ cember 14, 1908. ber 13, 1908. lola W. Morsey to be postmaster at Warrenton, Mo., in place Flora E. Bassett to be postmaster at Walton, N. Y., in place of lola W. 1\Iorsey. Incumbent's commission expires December of Charles B. Bassett, deceased. 13, 1908. • Thomas A. Braniff to be postmaster at New Brighton, N. Y., William F. Norris to be postmaster at Perry, Mo. Office be­ in place of John H. Eadie, deceased. came presidential January 1, 1908. Robert P. Brown to b-e postmaster at West New Brighton, Edwin W. Pritchett to be postmaster at Martinsburg, Mo. N. Y., in place of Robert P. Brown. Incumbent's commission Office became presidential January 1, 1908. expires December 13, 1908. George Stoolfer to be postmaster at Skidmore, Mo., in place Thomas A. Chisholm to be postmaster at Fort Covington, of Thomas L. Howden, removed. N. Y. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. James A. Williams to be postmaster at Crane, Mo. Office Orley W. Closson to be postmaster at Schuylerville, N. Y. became presidential July 1, 1908. (late Schuylersville), in place of Orley W. Closson, to change MONTANA. name of office. William H. Clark to be postmaster at Nichols, N. Y. Office Richard W. Garland to be postmaster at Malta, Mont. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. became presidential July 1, 1908. Henry E. Corwin to be postmaster at Bellport, N. Y. Office NEBRASKA. became presidential July 1, 1908. William Cowie to be postmaster at Syracuse, N. Y., in place Augustine A. Hyers to be postmaster at Havelock, Nebr., in of Dwight H. Bruce, deceased. place of Augustine A. Hyers. Incumbent's commission expires Fred A. Davis to be postmaster at Fort Edward, N. Y., in December 12, 1908. place of Fred A. Davis. Incu.mbent's commission expires De­ Charles F. Leetham to be postmaster at St. Paul, Nebr., in cember 16, 1908. place of Ches Chinn, resigned. Timothy Dinneen to be postmaster at St. Johnsville, N. Y.., in Charles W. Meeker to be postmaster at Imperial, Nebr. place of James Fox. Incumbent's commission expired March 12, Office became pre~idential July 1, 1908. 1908. . Isaac Roush to be postmaster at Kimball, Nebr. Office be­ Charles W. Fletcher to be postmaster at Montour Falls, N.Y., came presidential July 1, 1908. in place of Charles B. Bali, removed. Clifton F. Stockwell to be postmaster at Bassett, Nebr. Horace B. Fromer to be postmaster at Hunter, N.Y., in place Office became presidential October 1, 1908. of Alfred E. Greene, deceased. Fay Whitfield to be postmaster at Peru, Nebr., in place of Lee V. Gardner to be postmaster at Centerville Station, N. Y. Fay Whitfield. Incumbent's commission expires December 12, Office became presidential July 1, 1908. 1908. John F. Heim to be postmaster at Lancaster, N. Y., in place NEVADA, of John F. Heim. Incumbent's commission expired April 27, Herbert Badt to be postmaster at Wells, Nev. Office became 1908. presidential July 1, 1908. Durward B. Kelly to be postmaster ~t Griffin Corners, N. Y. Jessie E. Burnett to be postmaster at McGill, Nev. (late Offiee became presidential July 1, 1908. Smelter). Office became presidential October 1, 1908, and to Annie Lan·abee to be postmaster at Oyster Bay, N. Y., in change name of office. place of Annie Larrabee. Incumbent's commission expires De­ George C. Fetterman to be postmaster at Caliente, Nev. cember 16, 1908. Office became presidential July 1, 1908. William J. McClure to be postmaster at Delanson, N. Y. Office Fred L. Littell to be postmaster at Yerington, Nev. Office became presidential July 1, 1908. became presidential January 1, 1908. .Jonathan B. Morey to be postmaster at Dansville, N. Y., in place of Frank J. McNeil. Incumbent's commission expired NEW HAMPSHIRE, January 22, ~907. · Joseph H. A very to be postmaster at Milton, N. H., in place Henry Morgan to be postmaster at Aurora, N. Y., in place of of Joseph H. Avery. Incumbent's commission expires December Christopher B. Morgan, resigned. 14, 1908. George Mumford to be postmaster at Milford, N. Y. Office John H. Brown to be postmaster at Concord, N. H., in place became presidential October 1, 1908. of John H. Brown. Incumbent's commission expired December Frederick B. Powell to pe postmaster at Amityville, N. Y., in 7, 1908. place-.of Frederick B. Powell. Incumbent's commission expires E. Bertram Pike to be postmaster at Pike, N. H., in place of December 13, 1908. Edwin B. Pike, deceased. William Purcell to be postmaster at Scottsville, N.Y., in place of William Purcell. Incumbent's commission expires December NEW JERSEY. 16, 1908. Frederick P. Baker to be postmaster at Millington, N. J., in Frank Stumpf to be postmaster at Stillwater, N. Y. Office place of Frederick P. Baker. Incumbent's commission expires became presidential October 1, 1908. December 13, 1908. Alexander S. Taylor to be postmaster at Westbury, N. Y. Albert M. Bradshaw to be postmaster at Lakewood, N. J., in {late Westbury Station), in place of Alexander S. Taylor, to place of Albert M. Bradshaw. Incumbent's commission expires change name of office. December 14, 1908. l\Iortimer R. Tefft to be postmaster at Greenwich, N. Y., in Frederick W. Bohlen to be postmaster at Maurer, N. J. place of Mortimer R. Tefft. Incumbent's commission expired Office became presidential October 1, 1908. December 17, 1907. Charles F. Burney to be postmaster at Bradley Beach, N. J. Frederick Torns to be postmaster at Lindenhurst, N.Y. Office Office became presidential July 1, 1908. became presidential October ~ 1908. Charles S. Day to be postmaster at New Market, N. J. Charles K. Williams to be postmaster at Phoenix, N. Y., in Office became presidential October 1, 1908. place of Oscar E. Ward, deceased. Thomas Graham to be postmaster at Point Pleasant, N. J., in NORTH CAROLINA. place -of Thomas Graham. Incumbent's commission expires John M. Burrows to be postmaster at Ashboro, N. C. ·office December 13, 1908. became presidential January 1, 1908. OONGRESSION AL RECORD- SENATE . DECEl\fBER 8' .. Daniel E. Forrest to be postmaster at Efland, N. C. Office be­ Will Huston to be postmaster at Thomas, Okla., in place of came presidential July 1, 1008. William Thomas, resigned. Augusta Meares to be postmaster at Clarkton, N. C. Office Walter F . McCague to be postmaster at Ralston, Okla. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. became presidential January 1, 1908. · · Benjamin 0. Morris to be postmaster at :Mocksville, N. C., in Erastus G. McRee to be postmaster at Granite, Okla., in place place of Edwin H . Morris, resigned. of Thomas J . Molinari, resigned. Zach Stephenson to be postmaster at Clayton, N. C. Office Downey Milburne to be postmaster i:lt Coweta, Okla., in place became presidential January 1, H)08. of Adolphus D. Oroutt, resigned. NORTH DAKOTA. Alice l\f. Robertson to be postmaster at Muskogee, Okla., in Perry Brown to be postmaster at Sherwood, N. Dak. Office place of Alice M. Robertson. Incumbent's commission expires became presidential July 1, 1906. December 14, 1908. - William T. Cameron to be postmaster at Aneta, N. Dak., in George Ruddell to be postmaster at Weatherford, Okla., in place of Bertha l\f. Gunderson. Incumbent's commission expired place of Adolph Bollenbach. Incumbent's commission expired November 19, 1907. April 27, 1908. · Henry Engelter to be postmaster at New Salem, N. Dak., in A. J. Thompson to be postmaster at Okarche, Okla., in place place of Henry Engelter. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ of Gustave·A.. Hall, resigned. uary 25, 1908. Merrel L. Thompson to be postmaster at Hartshorne Okla., . Alice Gilbertson to be postmaster at Towner, N. Dak., in place in place of Francis M. ,i;avage. Incumbent's commission ~xpired of Joseph L. Killion. Incumbent's commission expired December December 16, 1907. 19,1007. John D. Wilkins to be postmaster at Pryor (late PrT"or OHIO, Creek), Okla., in place of Flavius J . Sullivan. Incumben t's commission expired November 17, 1907. To change name of Harlow N. Aldrich to be postmaster at Elmore, Ohio, in place office. of Harlow N. Aldrich. Incumbent's commission expired January Benjamin F . Williams to be postmaster at Sayre, Okla ., in 27,1003, I place of Benjamin F . Williams. Incumbent's commission ex­ William S. Atkinson to be postmaster at Salem1 Ohio, in pired January 11, 1908. place of Frederick T. 1\files. Incumbent's commission expired March 8, 1908. OREGON. George C. Braden to be postmaster at Warren, Ohio,. in place John E. Loggan to be postmaster at Burns, Oreg., in place of of John Campbell. Incumbent's commission expires January Frank W. Welcome, removed. 20,1909. Land B. Rutherford to be postmaster at Rainier, Oreg., in Edward H. Collins to be postmaster at Bedford, Ohio, in place place of Lucien R. Farris, resigned. of Charles B. Marble, deceased. Ben Weathers to be postmaster at Enterprise, Oreg., in place Selah S. Connell to be postmaster at West Carrollton, Ohio, in of W. T. Bell, resigned. place of Selah S. Connell. Incumbent's commission expired John C. Young to be postmaster at Portland, Oreg., in place February 13, 1906. of John W. Minto. Incumbent's commission expired December John Ellis to be postmaster at Massillon, Ohio, in place of 8, 1908. . Louis A. Koons. Incumbent's commission expired April 27, 1908. PENNSYLVANIA, E'. C. Gething to be postmaster at Hubbard, Ohio, in place of William M. Evans. Incumbent's commission ·expired February Marcellus J. B. Brooks to be postmaster at Driftwood, Pa. 29,1908. • Office became presidential July 1, 1908. Clara Brown to be postmaster at Linesville, Pa., in place of Herman C. Glander to be postmaster at West Alexandria, William E. Brown, deceased. Ohio. Office became presidential January 1, 1907. Frank l\1. Butterfield to be postmaster at New Milford, I a., W. E. Halley to be postmaster at Greenville, Ohio, in place in place of Gardner C. Howell, removed. of Alonzo :G. Jones. Incumbent's commission expired June 30, Elmer D. Carl to be postmaster i:lt Greencastle, Pa., in place 1906. of Elmer D. Carl. Incumbent's commission expires December Thomas L. Knauf to be postmaster at Calla, Ohio, in place 15, 1908. of Thomas L. Knauf. Incumbent's commission expires De­ cem ber 13, 1908. Thomas J , Davis to be postmaster at Avoca, Pa. Office be­ Henry l\1. Larkins to be postmaster at Sebring, Ohio, in came presidential October 1, 1906. place of Henry M. Larkins. Incumbent's commission expires Henry 0 . Garber to be postmaster at Berwyn, Pa.., in place December 13, 1908. of Henry 0 . Garber. Incumbent's commission expires December James H . Muir to be postmaster at Pemberville, Ohio. 15, 1908. Office became presidential January 1, 1908. William S. Gleason to be postmaster at Johnsonburg, Pa., in John K. Niesz to be postmaster at Maumee, Ohio, in place of place of William S. Gleason. Incumbent's commission expires David H. Perrin, removed. December 15, 1908. Wi11iam C. Newell to be postmaster at Bainbridge, Ohio. John · Gowland to be postmaster at Philipsburg, Pa., in place Office became presidential July 1, 1908. of John Gowland. Incumbent's commission expir~d December Lee G. Pennock to be postmaster at Urbana, Ohio, in place of 7, 1908. . Roger H. Murphy. Incumbent's commission expired l\Iarch 13, Ralph M. Lashelle, sr., to be postmaster at Centralia, Pa. 1907. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. W. A. Ritter to be postmaster at Napoleon, Ohio, in .place of Timothy J. Leahy to be postmaster at Sayre, Pa., in place Elmer A. Palmer. Incumbent's commission expired March 8, of George D. Bonfoey, removed. 1008. Iddo l\I. Lewis to be postmaster at Rossiter, Pa. Office be­ Charles L. Thompson to be postmaster at Georgetown, Ohio, came presidential J.uly 1, 1908. in place of Mary L. Thompson. Incumbent's commission ex­ Frank J. Roethline to be postmaster at Northampton, Pa., pired March 3, 1907. in place of Frank J. Roethline. Incumbent's commission ex­ Henry S. Winsper to be postmaster at East Palestine, Ohio, pired March 3, 1907. in place of George B. Alaback. Incumbent's commission ex­ Royal A. Stratton to be postmaster at Conneaut Lake, Pa., pired l\larch 3, 1907. in place of Royal A. Stratton. Incumbent's commission expires OKLAHOMA. December 13, 1908. Henry Arney to be postmaster at Fort Cobb, Okla. Office be­ Albert H. Swing to be postmaster at Coatesville, Pa., in place came presidential January 1, 1908. of Albert H . Swing! Incumbent's commission expires Decem­ Alfred l\1. Clark to be postmaster at Gage, Okla., in place of ber 15, 1908. Alfred l\1. Clark. Incumbent's commission expired April 12, 1908. Frank M. Tiffany to be postmaster at Dalton, Pa. Office be­ Stephen A. Douglas to be postmaster at Ardmore, Okla., in came presidential October 1, 1908. place of Stephen A. Douglas. Incumbent's commission expires RHODE ISLAND. December 16, 1908. Horace Gcay to be postmaster at Tahlequah, Okla., in place Nathaniel H. Brown to be postmaster at East Greenwich, R.I., of Robert B. Ross, resigned. in place of Nathaniel H . Brown. Incumbent's commission ·ex- Ira A. Hill to be postmaster at Cherokee, Okla. Office became pired December 8, 1908. · presidential October 1, 1005. Hulda J . Fessenden to be postmaster at Saylesvil1e, R. I ., in AJexander B. Holli.day to be postmi:lster at Crescent, Okla. place Qf Hulda J ~ Fessenden. Incumbent's commission expired Office became presidential J anuary 1, 1908. December 8, 1908. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 49

Edward W. Jur1es to be postmaster at River Point, R. I., in Ernest R. Williams· to be postmaster at Hamilton, Tex., tn pluce of Edward W. Jones. Incumbent's commission expires place of Ernest R. Williams. Incumbent's commission expired December 14, 1908. January 22, 1907. VERMONT, SOUTH CAROLINA, . - iW". Clarence Clinkscales to be postmaster at Belton, S. C., in Lyman P. Bailey to be postmaster at Putney, Vt., in place of place of William C. Brown, resigned. Lyman P. Bailey. Incumbent's commission expires December Allen T. Collins to be postmaster at Conway, S. C., in place 12, 1908. of Benjamin G. Collins, resigned. VIRGINIA, Alonzo M. Folger to be postmaster at Easley, S. C., in place William S. Gregory, jr., to be postmaster at Drakes Branch,, of Alonzo M. Folger. Incumbent's commission expired April 27, Va. Office become presidential July 1, 1908. · 1908. Frederick I. Hanmer to be postmaster at Keysville, Va. Office Arthur R. Garner to be postmaster at Timmonsville, S. C., in became presidential April 1, 1907. place of Arthur R. Garner. Incumbent's commisslon expires R. L. Hervey to be postmaster at Chase City, Va., in place of December 12, 1908. John M. Sloan, deceased. Thomas Hester to be postmaster at Gaffney, S.C., in place of Frank D. Lumpkin to be postmaster at Danville, Va., in place Alfred R. N. Folger. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ of Champ T. Barksdale. Incumbent's commission expired June ber 16, 1907. 25, 1906. Leila Jackson Huntley to ba postmaster at Cheraw, S. C., in Harry A. Sager to be postmaster at Herndon, Va. Office be-_ place of Mary L. \Veils, resigned. . came presidential July 1, 1908. · Louis Jacobs to be postmaster at Kingstree, S. C., in place of E. T. Sproles to be postmaster at Clinchport, Va. Office be­ Louis Jacobs. Incumbent's commission expires December 12, came presidential April 1, 1908. 1908. B. P. Wall to be postmaster at Pine Beach, Va. Office be­ SOUTH DAKOTA. came presidential April 1, 1908. J. R. Calder to be postmaster at Edgemont, S. Dak., in place WASHINGTON. of James A. Stewart, resigned. John W. Conn to be postmaster at Camas, Wash. Office be­ Irene Fuller to be postmaster at Blunt, S. Dak. Office be­ came presidential July 1, 1908. came presidential July 1, 1!l08. George W. Edgerton to be postmaster at Puyallup, Wash., in Frank E. McLaughlin to be postmaster at Geddes, S. Dak., in place of George W. Edgerton. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of William A. Lyons, resigned. pired February 29, 1908. Marion H. 1\Ioore to be postmaster at Bellefourche, S. Dak., Theo Hall to be postmaster at Meqical Lake, Wash. Office in place of Daniel J. Arnold, resigned. became presidential October 1, 1908. Thomas T. Smith to be postmaster at Canton, S. ,Dak., in A. C. Johansen to be postmaster at Enumclaw, Wash., in place of Thomas T. Smith. Incumbent's commission expires place of Maude Potter, resigned. December 12, 1903. George F. Russell to be postmaster at Seattle, Wash., in Frank B. Williams to be postmaster at Hurley, S. Dak., in place of George M. Stewart, removed. place of John J. Mansfield. Incumbent's commissien expired November 17, 1907. WEST VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE. J. w. Edwards to be postmaster. at Welch, W. Va., in place of E. Leslie· Long, resigned. William A. Anderson to be postmaster at Bellbuckle, Tenn., in place of Robert A. Espey, resigned. WISCONSIN, James L. Cotham to be postmaster at Hohenwald, Tenn. Altie B. Barnard to be postmaster at Redgranite, Wis.­ Office became presidential April 1, 1908. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. · John W. Jackson to be postmaster at Columbia, Tenn., in Fred A. Brandt to be postmaster at Sparta, Wis., in place of place of Archelaus 1\I. Hughes, removed. De Witt C. Beebe, deceased. \Villiam T. Smythe to be postmaster at Mountain City, Tenn., John L. Extrom to be postmaster at Tomahawk, Wis., in in place of William T. Smythe. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of Ambrose K. Woodworth, deceased. pires January 10, 1909. Isa Faulds to be postmaster at Arcadia, Wis., in place of Tms. George H. Dodge, deceased. llay Haggerty to be postmaster at Park Falls, Wis., in place John D. Anderson to be postmaster at l\liles, Tex. (late 1\Iiles of Anton J. Haas, resigned. Station), in place of · John D. Anderson, to change name of Robert Johnson to be postmaster at Mellen, Wis., in place o:l! office . Robert Johnson. Incumbent's commission expires December 14, . George W. Andruss to be· postmaster at Rotan, Tex. Office 1908. became presidential July 1, t908. Asenath A. Kasson to be postmaster at Mattoon, Wis. Office W. L. Brown to be postmaster at Hamlin, Tex. Office be­ became presidential October 1, 1908. . came presidential June 1, 1908. George E. King to be postmaster at Winneconne, Wis. Office John Edwin Clarke to be postmaster at Knox City, Tex. became presidential July 1, 1908. Office became presidential October 1, 1908. William Knelling to be postmaster at Shullsburg, Wis., in Harry H. Cooper to be postmaster at Nacogdoches, Tex., in place of William Knelling. Incumbent's commission expires place of Harry H. Cooper. Incumbent's commission expired December 12, 1908. · January 20, 1907. Judson L. Marvin to be postmaster at Mauston, Wis., in place C. A. Cox to be postmaster at Lott, Tex., in place of J. M. of William Case, deceased. Westmoreland, resigned. Thomas Stout, jr., to be postmaster at Clear Lake, Wis. David C. Dodge to be postmaster at Claude, Tex. Office be­ Offi~e became Pl:'esidential October 1, 1908. came presidential October 1, 1908. Christian Doss to be postmaster at Palacios, Tex. Office be­ WYOMING. came presidential October 1, 1908. Frederick E. Davis to l)e postmaster at Wheatland, Wyo., in George C. Hopkins to be postmaster at Winnsbor.o, Tex., in place of Frederick E. Davis. Incumbent's commission expires place of Isham Russell. Incumbent's commission expired June December 13, 1908. 27, -1908. William O'Connell to be postmaster at Kemmerer, Wyo., in J. S. House to be postmaster at Kingsville, Tex., in place of place of Noru Sammon, resigned. R. G. Flats, resigned. Albert S. Jones to be postmaster at Kosse, Tex. Office be­ came presidential October 1, 1908. CONFIRMATIONS. Robert B. Rentfro to be postmaster at Brownsville, Tex., in 1Jlace of Joel B. Sharpe. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate December B. ary 27, 1908. 1908. Joseph Stanley to be postmaster at Schulenburg, Tex., in POSTMASTERS. place of George W. Hoeffert, removed. Elisa Palacias Stockwell to be postmaster at San Diego, Tex., GEORGIA. in plac~ of Jose V. Palacios, resigned. Helen D. Longstreet at Gainesville, Ga.

XLIII~