AR TICLE Astraeus: Hidden Dimensions
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Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12). -
Diversity and Genetic Marker for Species Identification of Edible Mushrooms
Diversity and Genetic Marker for Species Identification of Edible Mushrooms Yuwadee Insumran1* Netchanok Jansawang1 Jackaphan Sriwongsa1 Panuwat Reanruangrit2 and Manit Auyapho1 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand 4Faculty of Engineering, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand Abstract Diversity and genetic marker for species identification of edible mushrooms in the Koak Ngam forest, Muang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand was conducted in October 2012 to October 2013. A total of 31 species from 15 genera and 7 families were found. The genetic variation based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences for 11 species, representing four genera of the edible mushrooms. The ITS sequences revealed considerable genetic variation. R. luteotacta, A. princeps and X. subtomentosus showed high levels of genetic differentiation. These findings indicated that the Thai samples could be genetically distinct species. Therefore, further molecular and morphological examinations were needed to clarify the status of these species. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that X. subtomentosus was polyphyletic. The results were consistent with previous studies suggesting that classifications of these genera need re-examining. At the species level, the level of genetic divergence could be used for species identification. Keywords: Species diversity, Genetic marker, Edible mushrooms * Corresponding author : E–mail address: [email protected] ความหลากหลายและเครื่องหมายพันธุกรรมในการจําแนกเห็ดกินได -
Research Article NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS of SOME WILD EDIBLE
Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 03 (A), pp. 37670-37674, March, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF SOME WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS COLLECTED FROM RANCHI DISTRICT JHARKHAND Neelima Kumari and Anjani Kumar Srivastava University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1103.5155 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Due to the nutritional importance mushrooms are utilized and consumed frequently by various tribes and localities inhabiting in Ranchi District. In this district wild edible mushrooms are mainly Received 24th December, 2019 collected during the wet season may – august and valued as a nutriment but, their nutritional values Received in revised form 19th has been little studied. In the current paper nutrient composition of seven wild edible mushroom January, 2020 species namely – Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan 1889, Boletus edulis (Bull 1782), Accepted 25th February, 2020 Volvariella volvacea (speg.1898), Termitomyces microcarpus (Berk & Broome 1871), Pleurotus Published online 28th March, 2020 ostreatus (P.Kumm 1871), Termitomyces clypeatus (R. Heim), Termitimyces heimii (Natrajan1979) has been analysed and reported. Regardless of the source of the mushrooms, noteworthy amounts Key Words: were analysed in protein, carbohydrates and fats on average ranging between 33.46 - wild edible mushrooms, nutrients, 41.73gm/100gm, 31.4-53.2gm/100gm,0.63-4.2gm/100gm, respectively on dry weight basis. The nutritional analysis. paper chromatography separation of amino acids reveals that among the essential amino acids methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine were found as major essential amino acids in all the seven species of wild edible mushrooms. -
Astraeus and Geastrum
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 58 Annual Issue Article 9 1951 Astraeus and Geastrum Marion D. Ervin State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1951 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Ervin, Marion D. (1951) "Astraeus and Geastrum," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 58(1), 97-99. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol58/iss1/9 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ervin: Astraeus and Geastrum Astraeus and Geastrum1 By MARION D. ERVIN The genus Astraeus, based on Geastrum hygrometricum Pers., was included in the genus Geaster until Morgan9 pointed out several differences which seemed to justify placing the fungus in a distinct genus. Morgan pointed out first, that the basidium-bearing hyphae fill the cavities of the gleba as in Scleroderma; se.cond, that the threads of the capillitium are. long, much-branched, and interwoven, as in Tulostoma; third, that the elemental hyphae of the peridium are scarcely different from the threads of the capillitium and are continuous with them, in this respect, again, agre.eing with Tulos toma; fourth, that there is an entire absence of any columella, and, in fact, the existence of a columella is precluded by the nature of the capillitium; fifth, that both thre.ads and spore sizes differ greatly from those of geasters. -
Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic
Fungal Diversity Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic Beatriz Ortiz-Santana1*, D. Jean Lodge2, Timothy J. Baroni3 and Ernst E. Both4 1Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-FS, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA 2Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-FS, PO Box 1377, Luquillo, Puerto Rico 00773-1377, USA 3Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 2000, SUNY-College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, USA 4Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, New York 14211, USA Ortiz-Santana, B., Lodge, D.J., Baroni, T.J. and Both, E.E. (2007). Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic. Fungal Diversity 27: 247-416. This paper presents results of surveys of stipitate-pileate Boletales in Belize and the Dominican Republic. A key to the Boletales from Belize and the Dominican Republic is provided, followed by descriptions, drawings of the micro-structures and photographs of each identified species. Approximately 456 collections from Belize and 222 from the Dominican Republic were studied comprising 58 species of boletes, greatly augmenting the knowledge of the diversity of this group in the Caribbean Basin. A total of 52 species in 14 genera were identified from Belize, including 14 new species. Twenty-nine of the previously described species are new records for Belize and 11 are new for Central America. In the Dominican Republic, 14 species in 7 genera were found, including 4 new species, with one of these new species also occurring in Belize, i.e. Retiboletus vinaceipes. Only one of the previously described species found in the Dominican Republic is a new record for Hispaniola and the Caribbean. -
Diversity Wild Mushrooms in the Community Forest of Na Si Nuan Sub- District, Thailand
J Biochem Tech (2020) 11 (3): 28-36 ISSN: 0974-2328 Diversity Wild Mushrooms in the Community Forest of Na Si Nuan Sub- District, Thailand Thalisa Yuwa-amornpitak*, Pa-Nag Yeunyaw Received: 07 March 2020 / Received in revised form: 17 July 2020, Accepted: 20 July 2020, Published online: 04 August 2020 © Biochemical Technology Society 2014-2020 © Sevas Educational Society 2008 Abstract (Smith and Read, 1997). Currently, more than 100 species of saprophyte mushrooms can be cultivated at the industrial level The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of edible (Stamets, 1993), such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, mushrooms in the community forest of Na Si Nuan sub-district. and Lentinus squarrosulus. Mycorrhizae represent symbiotic Twenty-seven species of mushrooms were found, and 24 were mutualistic relationships between soil fungi and fine plant roots. edible. Three species were not recorded for eating, and 1 of them Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a type of mycorrhiza associated with the was similar to Scleroderma. Mushrooms were identified by their plant root system, enhancing plant uptake of minerals and drought morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of tolerance. In contrast, the host plant provides photosynthetic ribosomal DNA and then categorized into 13 families. Eight and products and a place to live to ECM. Dipterocarpaceae contains a seven species of mushrooms were placed in Russulaceae and group of dominant timber species found in Southeast Asia, Boletaceae, respectively. Two species of mushrooms were including Thailand, and is associated with various types of ECM categorized in the families Tricholomataceae and Clavariaceae. fungi (Cheevadhanarak and Ratchadawong, 2006). -
Molecular Evolution and Ecology of Calostoma (Sclerodermatineae
Molecular Evolution and Ecology of Calostoma Introduction - Recent studies of the Sclerodermatineae were limited to a single gene region16 or multiple Evolution genes with limited taxa17. None of these studies displayed a well supported internal structure between genera, and both supported the inclusion of the boletoid (stipitate-pileate with tubular hymenophore) Gyroporus within the gasteroid (Sclerodermatineae, Boletales). Sclerodermatineae. This study shows preliminary results using an expanded data set and multiple gene regions attempting to address the following questions: 1) What taxonomic group is sister to Calostoma? 2) Is there suport for the the placement of the stipitate-pileate group Gyroporus within the gasteroid Sclerodermatineae? Andrew W. Wilson* and David S. Hibbett Methods - Thirty-seven taxa are represented in the current the Sclerodermatineae study (Table 2). Analyses - Two sets of analyses were performed in an attempt to address the questions Twenty-nine of the taxa sampled, represent groups within and peripheral to the Sclerodermatineae. stated above. Analysis one (Fig. 5) consisted of a Bayesian analysis of 37 taxa and all Clark University Biology, Worcester MA, USA The other eight taxa have been sampled by the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) project5 gene regions(TABLE 2), using MrBayes 3.1.220 using the GTR+I+G model of evolution * [email protected] http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/ (Table 2). For the 29 non-AFTOL sampled taxa, the following nuclear ribosomal and protein coding running 10 million generations and sampling every 100th tree. Analysis two (Table 3) genes have been collected: nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II subunit 1 used a limited data set of 20 taxa represented by all three gene regions and was (RPB1), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (RPB2). -
A New Species of Phlebopus (Boletales, Basidiomycota) from Mexico
North American Fungi Volume 10, Number 7, Pages 1-13 Published November 2, 2015 A new species of Phlebopus (Boletales, Basidiomycota) from Mexico Timothy J. Baroni1, Joaquin Cifuentes2, Beatriz Ortiz Santana3, and Silvia Cappello4 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York – College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045 USA, 2 Herbario FCME (Hongos), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. MÉXICO, 3 Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station and Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726 USA, 4 División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, México, Km 0.5 desviación a Saloya, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, Villahermosa, Tabasco, MÉXICO Baroni, T. J., J. Cifuentes, B. O. Santana, and S. Cappello. 2015. A new species of Phlebopus (Boletales, Basidiomycota) from Mexico North American Fungi 10(7): 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2509/naf2015.010.007 Corresponding author: Timothy J. Baroni [email protected]. Accepted for publication August 20, 2015. http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © 2015 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved. Abstract: A new species, Phlebopus mexicanus, is described from southern tropical rainforests of Mexico based on morphological and molecular characters. Several features distinguish this species from others of Phlebopus including the medium to small basidiomata with olivaceous brown tomentose pileus that becomes finely areolate cracked with age, the dark yellow brown pruina covering most of the stipe, the pale yellow flesh of pileus and stipe that slowly turns blue when exposed, and the lack of hymenial cystidia. -
First Report of Scleroderma Verrucosum (Boletales, Sclerodermataceae) for Colombia
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad del Valle First Report of Scleroderma verrucosum (Boletales, Sclerodermataceae) for Colombia César Augusto Pinzón-Osorio Andrea Castiblanco-Zerda Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Jonás Pinzón-Osorio College of the Atlantic. COA. Received: Abril 13, 2018 Accepted: Jun 19, 2018 Pag. 29-41 Abstract Scleroderma verrucosum is established as a new record for Colombia. S. verrucosum is a gasteroid fungi that occurs on a lower mountain humid rainforest (bh-MB) of the eastern hills of the city of Bogota, DC., department of Cundinamarca. The species is described, illustrated and information on distribution, ecology and growth substrate is provided. In addition, a taxonomic key species of the genus registered for Colombia is presented. Thus, the genus Scleroderma is represented in the country by four species, S. albidum, S. areolatum, S. citrinum y S. verrucosum. Keywords: Cundinamarca, Gasteromycetes, new report, Scleroderma, taxonomic key. DOI: 10.25100/rc.v22i1.7098 Primer registro de Scleroderma verrucosum (Boletales, Sclerodermataceae) para Colombia Resumen Se presenta el primer registro de Scleroderma verrucosum para Colombia, un hongo gasteroide hallado en un bosque húmedo montañoso bajo (bh-MB) de los Cerros Orientales de la ciudad de Bogotá, departamento de Cundinamarca. La especie es descrita e ilustrada y se aporta información sobre su distribución, ecología y sustrato de crecimiento. Además, se presenta una clave taxonómica para las especies del género registradas para Colombia. Con este reporte, el género queda representado en el país por cuatro especies: S. albidum, S. areolatum, S. citrinum y S. verrucosum. Palabras clave: Cundinamarca, Gasteromycetes, hongo exótico, nuevo registro, Scleroderma. -
Boletales – Boletaceae S.L. (26 October 2020, © R. E. Halling)
Boletales – Boletaceae s.l. (26 October 2020, © R. E. Halling) NOTE: 104 genera listed here are conceived in a broad, classical sense (generally the fleshy stipitate mushrooms with pores) including sequestrate morphologies. Phylogenetic inferences from DNA sequences suggest alignment in suborders: Boletineae, Suillineae, Sclerodermatineae, or in the Paxillaceae. Not all genera are well known, equally circumscribed or robustly inferred phylogenetically. Mycorrhizal associations may be confirmed, but many are presumed or suspected. Recent phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences infer some true gasteroid (truffle-like, sequestrate) taxa (aside from those in Sclerodermatineae, Suillineae) belong here. Some of the diagnoses are from protologues. Year of publication follows authority (-ies). Afroboletus Pegler & Young (1981) Pileus dry, coarsely fibrillose to squamose, black, often with appendiculate veil remnants, microscopically a trichodermium. Context white, staining red then black. Hymenophore adnexed, white then black, staining red then black. Peronate veil present. Stipe dry, squamose, sometimes annulate, white to gray to black. Spores black, short ellipsoid, longitudinally ridged or winged, sometimes with intercostal veins; a basal thickened rim around sterigmal appendage, lacking a plage. Hymenial cystidia present. Clamp connections absent. Apparently restricted to the African tropics. One sequestrate species known. Ectomycorrhizae presumed with caesalpinoid legumes. Afrocastellanoa M.E. Smith & Orihara (2017) From the protologue: Basidiomata sequestrate, gasteroid, firm, rubbery, with one or a few rhizomorphs at the base. Similar to Octaviania in the morphology of the basidiome and basidiospores, but different from Octaviania in the multilayered peridium and in basidia that are irregularly distributed within the solid gleba, resulting in the absence of a distinct hymenium and subhymenium. -
New Boletaceae Taxa from Guyana: Binderoboletus Segoi Gen. and Sp
Mycologia, 108(1), 2016, pp. 157–173. DOI: 10.3852/15-075 # 2016 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 New Boletaceae taxa from Guyana: Binderoboletus segoi gen. and sp. nov., Guyanaporus albipodus gen. and sp. nov., Singerocomus rubriflavus gen. and sp. nov., and a new combination for Xerocomus inundabilis Terry W. Henkel1 Key words: Agaricomycetes, Boletineae, Caesalpi- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, nioideae, Dipterocarpaceae, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Arcata, California 95521 Guiana Shield Keisuke Obase Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, INTRODUCTION Gainesville, Florida 32611 Dillon Husbands2 Species of Boletaceae (Boletineae, Boletales, Agarico- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and mycetes) are well represented in the ectomycorrhizal Forestry, University of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana (ECM) macromycota associated with the leguminous Jessie K. Uehling genus Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae) University Program in Genetics & Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 in the remote tropical forests of Guyana (Henkel et al. Gregory Bonito 2012). To date 28 morphospecies of boletoid fungi Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan have been collected in Dicymbe-dominated forests, 21 State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 of which were described formally in six genera includ- M. Catherine Aime ing Austroboletus (Corner) Wolfe, Boletellus Murrill, Fis- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue tulinella Henn., Phylloporus Quél., Tylopilus P. Karst. University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 and Xerocomus Quél. (Henkel 1999, 2001; Fulgenzi et al. Matthew E. Smith 2007, 2008, 2010; Mayor et al. 2008; Neves et al. 2010; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Husbands et al. 2013). An additional seven morpho‐ Gainesville, Florida 32611 species remain undescribed, four of which are treated here. -
Nucleotide Sequencing and Identification of Some Wild Mushrooms
Hindawi Publishing Corporation The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 403191, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/403191 Research Article Nucleotide Sequencing and Identification of Some Wild Mushrooms Sudip Kumar Das,1 Aninda Mandal,1 Animesh K. Datta,1 Sudha Gupta,2 Rita Paul,3 Aditi Saha,4 Sonali Sengupta,5 and Priyanka Kumari Dubey1 1 Cytogenetics, Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, Department of Botany, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India 2 Pteridology-Palaeobotany Section, Department of Botany, Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India 3 DepartmentofBotany,CharuchandraCollege,Kolkata,WestBengal700029,India 4 Department of Botany, Narasinha Dutt College, Howrah, West Bengal 711101, India 5 P.G. Department of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Hooghly, West Bengal 712101, India Correspondence should be addressed to Animesh K. Datta; [email protected] Received 26 August 2013; Accepted 14 October 2013 Academic Editors: X. Liang and J. Yoon Copyright © 2013 Sudip Kumar Das et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The rDNA-ITS (Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers) fragment of the genomic DNA of 8 wild edible mushrooms (collected from Eastern Chota Nagpur Plateau of West Bengal, India) was amplified using ITS1 (Internal Transcribed Spacers 1) and ITS2 primers and subjected to nucleotide sequence determination for identification of mushrooms as mentioned. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW software program. The aligned sequences revealed identity (homology percentage from GenBank data base) of Amanita hemibapha [CN (Chota Nagpur) 1, % identity 99 (JX844716.1)], Amanita sp.