L I F E

R O B E R T N A P I E R

O F WE ST S HA N DO N

N I R M A . &0 AP E , . , .

W I L L I A M B LAC ' KW O O D A N D S O N S E D I N B U R G H A N D L O N D O N M C M I V

P R EF A C E

IT is often said that the Clyde made

las ow and the o ec of this volume is G g , bj t t o e a e in some e a the e of one who r l t d t il lif ,

his e e an d e se e a ce ca se the by n rgy p r v r n , u d

Clyde t o become the most famous ship bu ildin ce e in the world and e e g ntr , th r by contribute d most materially to buildin g up the fabric of what is now calle d the

the m s econd city in E pire .

42351 9

C O N T E N T S .

R I C H APTE .

P A GE

D umbarton Parent age Birth S chool - days Ap — — prenticeship W 0 rks as a j ou rneyman S tart s in

R II C H AP TE .

P R DA VID N A IE . — — — Birth R emoves t o Glasgow The Comet C amlachie — — Foundry S tarts B elfast t rad e Pu rchases Lance — — — field Goes t o L ondon Inventions Later years 1 8

C H APTE R III . I V C H A P T E R .

A SS HETON S MITH.

— Retir es from Royal Y acht Squadron S e nds for N apier

— — - O rders M enai B uilds Fir e King Spee d of Fire Queen Dislikes screw yacht Intimacy with N apier

C H A P T E R V .

F R VULC AN O UN D Y.

— Equ ips Vulcan Fou ndry Foun ds Ste am- Packet C om — — panics C ont racts for D und ee an d P er th Their — — great su ccess Letter t o Mr Du ncan Introdu c — ’ tion t o East In dia C ompany B uilds B eremce — — Voyage t o In dia B eats A ta la nta Intimacy with Mr Mclvill

R I C H APTE V .

— Introduction t o Admiralty Tender for Vesu vius an d — ’ — S tromboli Captain O mmann ey s report Hostility — — t o S cotch engines Parliamentary ret urn Result — Letter on Boiler qu estion N TE N T CO S . ix

R I C H A P T E V I .

LAN CEFITELD HOUS E.

R V CHAPTE III .

A T L A N T C N A V G T I I A I O N .

R I X C H A P T E . R X CHAPTE .

R N S H P BU L D N G I O I I I .

— Acquir es grou n d at Gov an Appointmen t of William D enny Starts iron shipbuildin g First iron — — st eamer f or Admiralty S imoom Intimacy with — naval o ffi cers Family relation ships

X I C H A P T E R .

WES T S HAN DON .

— — — First cottage Enlargemen t Disappearan ce Present — ’ — mansion Profess or Kerr s criticism Coll ection — H ospitali ty L e tter from Marqu is of D alhou sie and — others Ere ction of R ow church and statu e to Henry B ell

R XII CHAPTE .

R O B E R T N A P I E R 85 S O N S . N TE N TS CO . xi

R XI I I C H APTE .

R XIV C H APTE .

CL S N G EA RS O I Y .

D eath of Mrs N apier His illness D eath

V C H AP TE R X .

1 8th March 1 8 39

ILLUSTRATIONS .

P AGE

R O BERT N APIER P hotogr a vwre

B A B r own a bou t 18 0 y . , 3 EN GIN E O F LE VEN

City of Glasgo wCompa ny

Du ndee P er th dc Lond on Com an , , p y

GI T Y O F GLA 8 00 W City of Gla sgo wGonzp a/ny

A bout 1 850

Photogra v'wre

M P a d om a/n S . E URO A ma/r C R . . G p y

m il bert 1 845 B ir . r a ha G y S J G ,

A bou t 1 840

P and om an . 0. C p y LL S T A T N S I U R IO .

THETIS

WES T S HAN DO N A bou t 1 865

P LAN O F WE ST S HAN DON

M E E L L I T A dm ir alt H . N . S . D UK OF W N G O y

Cu na r d Comp a ny

P E M. S RS IA S E T ON R . C . , I

A dm ir al ty

H B LA K P RIN E M S . . . 0 C

M. S . A DA CI O US H. U

OS MA N GHA Z Y Twrki sh Gover nmen t

R . M S S TIA . . CO

M S MA L A B A R H. . .

L R TL E M. . B A M AL A S R . S O C

QUEEN OF T HE THA MES A u stralia/n Li ner M N . N R HA P H . M. S O T TO

T HE FO UR PRE S IDENT S T HE ME C HAN IC AL GIN E ERS

MRS N APIER LIFE O F ROBERT NAPIER .

A P T E R I CH .

E AR DA LY YS .

— - DUMB AR TON PAR ENTAGE B I RTH S CHOOL DAYS A PP R EN T IO E — — SHIP WOR KS A S A JOUR NEYMAN STAR TS IN GLASGOW — JOINS HAMMER MEN MAR R IAGE

D UMBA R TO N is one of the olde st town s in

co a a e to oas of a en c s o S tl nd , bl b t uth ti hi t ry f r a s wa o nearly fiftee n hundre d ye r . It s constituted a Free Royal Burgh by Ale x a e 1222 and ece e es c a t e s nd r II . in , r iv d fr h h r r

om his s ccesso s c e e co me fr u r , whi h w r nfir d

m s o t a the u o of by Ja es VI . h r ly fter ni n the ms s s o c o was the kingdo . Thi hi t ri t wn

n h home of the Napiers a d t e De nnys .

A 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

o e ai er or a e son of o R b rt N p N pi r, J hn

ai er was the a a e of the s ec N p , gr ndf th r ubj t of s o a and he was o the thi bi gr phy, b rn in

e a 1 26 He o o e the ca of y r 7 . f ll w d lling a ac sm m a o and a o bl k ith in Du b rt n, b ut

1 750 ma e ea e om he rri d J n D nny, by wh had a a e m T ee of his so s l rg fa ily. hr n

o o e and ames — o o e the J hn, R b rt, J f ll w d

a e of e a e an d e e e tr d th ir f th r, w r in th ir d a e o as o e s o o y w ll kn wn w rk r in ir n . J hn , the e es a on his o e ames ld t, l g with br th r J , co e the s e ss m a o ntinu d bu in in Du b rt n, while Robert went t o Inve raray and be came sm t o the e of ith Duk Argyll .

E ach of these three men had a son who

’ o o e his a e s oo s e s an d f ll w d in f th r f t t p , c ame t o great eminen ce in the e ngin eer ing world .

Robert Napier was descended from the

a c f the am His younges t br n h o f ily .

a e ames a e was o 1 764 f th r, J N pi r, b rn in , and 1 789 he ma e ea who in rri d J n Ewing, E A L Y DA YS 3 R .

came om os e e am con fr R n ath . Th ir f ily

s s e of six so s — o e Pe e ames i t d n R b rt, t r, J ,

o a am- an d one au e J hn, D vid , Willi d ght r

who was ma e t o c a e rri d Mr Ar hib ld R id .

e e es c e a c . o e Th ir ld t hild di d in inf n y R b rt,

e secon was o on the 1 8th e th ir d , b rn Jun

1 791 an d a se on the o o da , b pti d f ll wing y,

from which fact we may presume he was

n o t robust .

At the date of his birth his father was

e ngage d in business in Dumbarton as a

mas e sm co c o his t r ith, in njun ti n with

o N e t a me brothe r John . J hn api r a th t ti

had a foundry in which were two steam

e es on e for o the c ola and ngin , bl wing up ,

the o e of the ewcomen e for th r, N typ ,

working a primitive boring mill Few

steam - e ngines the n e xiste d in the west of

co a an d a t of the ca o cas at S tl nd, p r nn n t

Clyde Iron Works were sent h ere to be “ s e B h mm hi fini h d . orn with t e ha er in s

a as he was o t o sa o ert h nd, w nt y, R b 4 B E T A P E RO R N I R. at an early age was sent t o school in

m a o e e he was s c e in Du b rt n, wh r in tru t d

English and the elementary branches of

o d e e c a an e c . kn wl dg , in luding L tin Fr n h

The most n otable among his teachers was a Mr Trail! who had been connected

’ ess s o s ass o s c with M r Dix n Gl W rk , whi h was e h c h th n t e hief industry in t e burgh .

’ Under Traill s tuition he developed a special aptitude for mechanical an d archi t ectural a c was ca e dr wing, whi h r fully

os e e his m f t r d by aste r .

His father was anxious t o give his c e a oo e ca o and ao hildr n g d du ti n, , in cordance co s c s om o e with S tti h u t , R b rt,

e the e es was e e for the b ing ld t, int nd d

c e the me came a he Chur h, but wh n ti th t should go to college the hereditary taste f r h o e t oo s o The edu o t e anvil pr v d tr ng . cation for the ministry was thus bestowe d on his o e o e Pe e who a y ung r br th r t r, gr d u ated 1 81 0 and a e a s ecame in , ft rw rd b

6 B E T A E RO R N P I R.

Blacks mith and that for t he full time and space of fiv e years compleat from an d after t he com men cement of his apprenticeship which is declared t o hav e be en upon t he first day of S eptember eighteen hundre d and s e ven years n otwiths tan ding t he date h ereof during which space t he said Robert N aiper as principal and the s aid Robert Denny as caution with and for him bind an d oblige them j ointly and s everally their he irs and s ucc essors that t he s aid Rob ert N aiper apprentice shall at n o time be absent or divest hims elf from his s aid

’ Master s s ervice with out leave asked and obtaine d (sickness e xcepted! that he shall by n o means reveal or discover t o any p erson or pers ons what ever any s ecrets he may come t o know or be instructed in relative to any branch or branch es ’ of his s aid Master s business an d that he shall n ot be privy t o nor kno w o f anything that may tend t o t he hurt or prejudice of his s aid Master without giving him t he earliest notice thereof and endeavouring t o prevent t he s ame and that he shall faithfully h onestly and diligently s erve and obey his s aid Master by night and by day ’ in these branches of a blacksmith s trade which shall be assigned t o him or in any other branch ’ of a e co ec e e ew - and for eac a s tr d nn t d th r ith , h d y absence excepting as above he shall s erve t wo E A L Y DA YS R . 7

' days at the expiry h ereof which abs ent days s hall be s ufficiently verifie d an d as certai ne d by t he account thereof taken from t he bo ok of his sa Mas e n him id t r a d atteste d by . For which cause s on t he o ther part t he s aid

ames N a e t he Mas e and Pe e oc a e J pi r t r t r C hr n ,

S mas e in D m a o as ca o e for . him hip t r u b rt n, uti n r bin d an d oblige thems elve s and their h eir s and s uccess ors that t he s aid James N aiper shall teach and instruct or cause t he s aid Robert N apier t o be taught and instructe d in the art an d trade of a blacksmith afore said or in any other branc h o f trade c onnecte d there with excercis e d by the Master at which the s aid apprentice may be set t o work an d that s o far as t he Mas ter knows

’ and practis es or t he s aid apprentice s capacity can reach an d shall u s e his b est endeavours t o render t he s aid apprentice skilled and expert therein and th at t he Master shall entertain as he hereby b ecomes b ound t o entertain t he ap prentice - at bed an d b oard during t he whole p erio d of his apprenticeship S undays excepte d s uitable t o his station and in t he s ame manner in which his oth er apprentices are or have been accommodated and t he said p arties oblige them s elves t o perform their resp ective p arts o f t he promise e ach t o t he oth er under t he p enalty of P E 8 ROB E RT N A I R. t en pounds sterling t o be paid by the party fail in r w li n t o o s e e g t o the party obs erving o il g b rv . Over and besides performance c onsenting t o t he regis tration hereof in t he books of Council and S ession or others competent for preservation and that letters o f h ornin g on a charge of s ix days and all other execution necessary m ay pass there

’ on in form as efieirs and constitute

Prors In w ess w e eo ese es e s are . itn h r f th pr nt written on stamped paper by A rchibal Colquhoun Writer in Dumbarton an agent duly license d possess ed of t he legal certificate and subscribed at Dumbarton the fourth day of S eptember one th ousand eight hundred and nine years b efore thos e witnes s es William L ang S enior Merchant in Dumbarton and t he s aid Archibald Colquhoun w e o rit r here f.

m t A M N A E W a La wi ss ES F R . ne . illi ng, J I

A R BER T N A FER o o witness . O . C lquh un, I .

PET HRA N ER CO C .

RO BER T DE N N Y .

be o se e a n otwithstan d It will b rv d th t, in the a e of the s a es the a ren g d t ign tur , pp ticeship was declared t o have commence d L Y DA Y E A R S . 9 two ea s ea e on s e em e 1 807 y r rli r, fir t S pt b r ; it ma a s b e no ce a his sma y l o ti d th t kin n ,

hi ca o e was s e . Mr D nny , uti n r

T e e m essme the ee was o pr v nt i pr nt, d d at once produc ed to a Justice of the

P eace and e o se him the fol , nd r d by in lowing terms

A t Dumbarton t he 4th day of S eptemb er 1 809

’ in pres ence of one of His Maj esty s Justices of t he Peace for t he Co unty of Dumbarton com peared James N aiper within designed and in terms of t he eightieth and eighty first s ections of t he A ct of t he o - f o e III C a f rty ninth o Ge rg . p . 1 2 : entitle d an A ct for punis hing mutiny an d desertion and for t he better payment of t he Army and th eir quarters produce d the written Indenture entere d into b etween him and t he als o within des igned Rob ert N apier of this date and which Indenture is h ere endors ed by t he s aid Justice of the Pe ace in terms of t he s aid A ct of

Par am li ent .

On 6th October 1 812 young Napier com e e his a e ces and was pl t d ppr nti hip,

sc a e hi e duly di h rg d by s fath r . 1 0 B E RO RT N A P IE R.

I James N apier within designe d in respect that t he also within designe d R ob ert N apier has s erved me as my apprentice in terms o f the within Indenture for t he wh ole years therein contained prop erly and faithfully therefore I do h ereby exoner an d dis charge him and t he within d esign e d Rob ert Denny his cautioner o f the said Indentures whole purport an d eff ect thereof s o far as t he s ame was incumbent on him and his cautio ner an d o blige mys elf t o warrant this dis c a e at ll a s In w ess w e eo I su b h rg a h nd . itn h r f s crib e this dis charge written on the back of t he Indenture by Archibald Colquhoun within designe d at Dumbarton t he sixth day of O ctober eighteen

e an d we e ea s hundr d t lv y r . Be fore th es e witnes ses t he said Archibald Colquhoun and James Donald apprentice t o John

McA ula W e in D m a o y rit r u b rt n.

A o witness E PE o . AM S N A I R . C lquh un, J .

m Do a a es witness . J n ld ,

During this appre nticeship he acquire d some e e e ce as a m w o xp ri n ill right, w rking at the machinery in the calico works in the Va e of e e c his a e was l L v n, whi h f th r

mm s t a e and o e ha co is ioned o lt r v r ul . E A Y RL DA YS . 1 1

ames a e was a s e man J N pi r t rn upright , an d under the strict tuition of such a f athe r the son soon acquire d great proficien cy in hi a P se s of mo s c r ft . os s e d re than average

“ a es he ecame a first - a e o ma biliti , b r t w rk n ,

es ec a o name a sm - o of p i lly in r nt l ith w rk, which accomplishmen t he was always very

o his s a e mome s he ccu pr ud . In p r nt o

e msel ma sma oo s a pi d hi f king ll t l , dr w

n s m n s - s and e s oc & c . ing i tru t , gun , gun l k , ,

n hi a n a perfecti g s dr wi g under Mr Tr ill .

He always c onside re d that he was under great obligati ons t o Mr Trail! for inculcat ing that love of the fine arts which he cultivated with such assiduity in his lat er

e y ars .

O n completion of his apprenticeship he worke d for a short time in Dumbarton as a o n e ma e ea e e a o s j ur y n . Th r ft r, b ing nxi u t o see the o he set out for w rld , Edin

o e a ce ca e of c a burgh , f rtifi d with rtifi t h r ac e om the m s e of the a s t r fr ini t r p ri h , 1 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R. and a small supply of money from his

a e f th r .

He had a struggle t o get work in the

co s me o o s and at the o se had S tti h tr p li , ut t t o conte nt himself with such low wages “ that in his own words he had often t o

! h - i count t e lamp posts for h s suppe r .

After some time he obtained a bet te r s a o om o e e e so the itu ti n fr Mr R b rt St v n n, em e o se e ee and re in nt lighth u ngin r, ma e him for r in d with a year o more . There is a story told that a blunde r in a first attempt t o construct a boiler so mortifie d him that he terminate d his co ec o the e as c o nn ti n with t untry ; but,

e e s b e a oc a or n ot we wh th r thi p ryph l ,

him as o 1 814 o find in Gl g w, in , w rking a s a j ourn eyman smith with Messrs h ld am an o s t e O . Willi L g S n , in Wynd

With a view t o further advancement he endeavoured t o j oin the In corporation of “ amme me as his essa a H r n, giving in y

1 4 B E T N A P E RO R I R . me me and his c e had a a e t o r n , un l tt in d the of eaco of the S oc e so dignity D n i ty, he a a ma e an effo t o o s o g in d rt j in thi b dy, and having ove rcome the difficulty of his e ss c e he was a m e The burg ti k t, d itt d . e ntry in the register of the H ammermen “ ea s s : 25th s 1 815 o e r d thu Augu t , R b rt

’ a e m as o a eema s N pi r, S ith in Gl g w, Fr n son ma e an d a e a B o e amme , d g v in r d H r a s his ssa and s o e his ess E y, h w d burg

c e c is a e 21 st s ti k t, whi h d t d Augu t

This hammer passe d ou t of his posses s o for ma ea s he eco e e i n ny y r ; but r v r d it, an d in his old age wrote the following account of its history '

“ ‘ ’ This E ssay Ha mmer was made by

a 1 81 5 es f o . e e ce o R bt N pi r in , in pr n

Two of the Master C ourt of the Corpora

o of amme me as o e o e ti n H r n, Gl g w, b ing f rg d ou t of a piece of square bar of Iron an d

Steeled on both ends or faces of the

Hammer at only Thr ee ! successive heats 1 5 E A RL Y DA YS .

th fire s e o e e B ac in e . At thi p ri d v ry l k

' sm e o e e a m e o th e ith, b f r b ing d itt d int

o o a io of amme me was o C rp r t n H r n , b und t o prove that he was a goo d Trades

! man .

It may b e added that he was ve ry proud

“ ! of s essa amme and 1 868 at thi y h r, in ,

a gathe ring of several thousands of his

em o ee s he s a e as a oo of pl y , di pl y d it pr f

s his early kill .

Little is known of his struggle s in his

s s o at e s ess s ccess fir t h p, but l ngth bu in u

e an to s o se and he ac b g h w it lf, quire d

such confidence in his prospe cts that he

had a s a e at the co e of the ign p int d rn r wynd,

! o e a e ee and B ac sm R b rt N pi r, Engin r l k ith .

He directe d his attention to smith - work

in general an d the con struction of Bramah

e sses o a so a e m o pr , d ing l littl illwright w rk,

s c as the ma of co - & ee s c . u h king gwh l ,

His c o s a son of o e a u in D vid, R b rt N pier

of e a a had o e so t o o Inv r r y, g n uth L ndon 1 B E T N P E 6 RO R A I R.

t o s his o e and occas o a e s pu h f rtun , i n l lett r

asse the o o co s se to p d, L nd n u in nding

his Scottish relative particulars of M essrs

’ a s a s esses and o e e M ud l y pr , th r int resting

o ma o on mec a ca o cs w c inf r ti n h ni l t pi , hi h

a a he turn ed t o dvant ge .

’ In little ove r two years time Robert

Napier had made a n ame for himself in

as o and was c ose for the m o a Gl g w, h n i p rt nt

offi ce of o ec o t o the amme me a C ll t r H r n , position which he filled with such accept ance that he was subsequently elected

o f the co o a o He se ms Deac n o In rp r ti n . e to have take n a deep interest in the affairs

f the soc e as the eco s s o a o i ty, r rd h w th t he atten de d every meeting during his year

f The o ma mee s e e e of o fice . f r l ting w r h ld

’ in the Trades House ; but at this time the ordinary business was transacted in

’ h a and the a e e s a e s t e Sw n G rd n r t v rn , m t where the Master Court regularly e .

1 81 8 he ma e his co s sa e a In rri d u in I b ll , E A L Y DA YS 1 R . 7

a e of o a e and e a d ught r J hn N pi r, b g n

o se ee n ea e ee n ot far h u k pi g in W v r Str t,

m his m fro s ithy .

’ His wife s family were in fairly afflue nt c c ms a ces and o his ma a e ir u t n , thr ugh rri g he came into closer relation ship with her

o e a a e who s me br th r, D vid N pi r, by thi ti had s a e a o at C amlachie e e t rt d f undry , wh r h was ma ma e es e king rin engin .

David had taken part in producing the mac e of the C omet had ac e the hin ry , t kl d

o em of ee - sea a a o and was p r bl d p n vig ti n , now con sidere d the most prominent man

the n ew ma n e e o in ri ngine ering w rld .

For the en suing twe nty years the careers of the two cousin s were closely identifi ed

’ an d as Robert followe d in D avid s foot s e s a s o s e c of his e ma b e t p , h rt k t h lif y of e int rest . C H A P T E R II .

DA VID N A PIE R .

B I RTH R EMOVES TO GLASGOW THE COME T C A MLA C HIE FOUNDR Y STARTS B ELFAST TR ADE P UR CHASES LANCE

D— D — — R FIEL GOES TO LON ON INVENTIONS LATE YEARS .

A VID A P ER son of o a e was D N I , J hn N pi r, born at Dumbarton on l 0th November

1 790 and was s a fe w mo s o e , thu nth ld r i than h s cousin .

the me of his his a e who At ti birth f th r, was the e es of his am o e ld t f ily, w rk d in

m a o a few ea s a e Du b rt n, but y r l t r, in

1 802 he emo e to em se s as o , r v d pr i in Gl g w i n the e o oo of ama ca ee n ighb urh d J i Str t .

Whe n he was five years of age David

was sent t o the public school at

m a o e e he ece e s Du b rt n, wh r r iv d in truction VI N A DA D P IE R. 1 9 s m a t i a s i il r o h s cousin Robert. S b e

e on his emo a t o as o his qu ntly, r v l Gl g w, e ca o was co ed an d he was du ti n ntinu , taught drawing and mathematics by Mr

P e e c o so the e - o a o t r Ni h l n , w ll kn wn uth rity on a c ec e who a o o r hit tur , l ng with J hn

Napier was on e of the founders of the

P a o Royal hilosophic l S ciety .

Though David n eve r serve d a regular a e ces he e his a t o ppr nti hip, turn d h nd e e h an d at the ea a e of e v ryt ing, rly g tw nty

’ he was taking charge of his father s

His a e e e he was busin ess . f th r di d wh n

o and the ca e of the o e y ung, r f undry f ll

’ on him m on his a e s e s an d . A g f th r fri nd — customers who we re n ot very regular

a mas e s — was e Be o p y t r Mr H nry ll, kn wn at s m a a o s s thi ti e s h u e builder . In thi capacity he had bee n in the habit of

’ s a ier s o o a ee vi iting N p f undry in H w rd Str t, an d wh e n he resolved on his expe riment with the C omet he gave Napier the order 20 B E T N A P E RO R I R . for the o e and cas s e e b il r ting r quir d .

D avid Napier was thus in the very fore

o of s eam a a o and as fr nt t n vig ti n ; , gr ping

the ac of the e of s eam- oa s he f t futur t b t , e ec e o s at Camlachie B the r t d w rk urn , in eas end of as o for the ose of t Gl g w, purp ma sma ma e e es c he king ll rin ngin , whi h supplied t o the river steamers then building. In those early days it was con sidered

’ impossible t o make ship s machinery capable of withstanding the shock of a

ea sea and s eam- oa s n ot e e h vy , t b t did v ntur outside the Cu mbrae Heads in stormy weather .

Napier was familiar with the works of

Bossut on the resistance of fluids ; an d

after making some passages in the B elfast

sa - ac e s he came t o the co c s o iling p k t , n lu i n

that the full b ow then con sidered necessary

was not a o m s a e for eas o ls on f r uit bl y pr pu i .

He therefore boldly resolved t o build a

DA VI D N A P E 21 I R. steamer for the Chann el trade in c onformity

hi wn His s s e was with s o ideas . fir t t p to ma e a mo e o o o a to the en k d l pr p rti n l l gth ,

e a an d e he co em a e an d br dth, d pth nt pl t d ; having erecte d a framework on the t op of which was a drum for winding up a “ e he e a ma a ex eri w ight, b g n king t nk p

! me s in aml chie n He co e nt C a bur . ntinu d fining the bow as long as th ere was any

e ce e c ease s ee a ca e p r ptibl in r in p d , t king r t o ee the e of the oc the same k p w ight bl k .

Having at len gth in this man ner deter m ne the mos s a e o m he a e i d t uit bl f r , h nd d the mo e to the e instru c d l build r, with tion s that the vessel was t o be con s c e co o m e e tru t d in nf r ity th r with .

s s eame was ca l e the R ob R o Thi t r l d y, and es e all e c o s of a e sh d pit pr di ti n f ilur , e

a a her 181 8 prove d gre t success . With in he in stitute d regular steam communication

e ee ee oc an d Be as an d a ter b tw n Gr n k lf t, f

a s so her to the e c o e men w rd ld Fr n h G v rn t, 22 B E T N A P I E RO R R.

who c an her ame t o Henri ua tre , h ging n Q ,

employe d her for years in the Chann el

a He s a s e o e - a c m tr de . thu e st bli h d v r se o

mu nication ; an d the Blue - books of the

House of Commons record the fact that the vessels built by David Napier were

the first t o demon strate the practicability

h a am of navigating t e open se by ste er .

His reputation as a marine e nginee r

o him ma o e s and for the br ught ny rd r ,

exten sion of his business he was induced

to c ase a s at L ancefield the pur h l nd , in

es end of as o a o n the e w t Gl g w, dj ini g Clyd .

e e he e ec e m o e o s and Th r r t d i pr v d w rk ,

also made » a dock or wet basin ; and

having no furthe r n ee d of his Camlachie

em ses he ease the o to his pr i , l d f undry

co s o e For ma ea s he was u in R b rt . ny y r

ass s e a Tod and o ac e o i t d by D vid J hn M gr g r,

‘ who ac e as his ma a e s and who t d n g r ,

subsequently founde d the well - known firm

f T 85 c o o Messrs od M a greg r . DA VID N A P E 2 I R. 3

In 1 826 he engine d the c elebrated vessel

United Ki n dom the s of the so- ca e g , fir t ll d

a s he was 1 6 0 ee o 26 leviath n . S f t l ng %

ee eam e es of 200 f t b , with ngin an d was considered the wonde r of her

a Peo e oc ed om all a e s t o d y . pl fl k fr qu rt r se e her the e e a c e c a , g n r l publi pr di ting th t

h b e a a She s e would t oo unwieldy t se .

e t the e on 29th 1 826 1 50 l f Clyd July , with

assen e s on oa and ma e the o a e p g r b rd, d v y g t o Leith round the n orth of S cotlan d in

- fiv o sixty e h urs .

’ David Napier s brain was of the most fertile characte r ; and in addition t o intro du cin man m o eme s o s eame s g y i pr v nt int t r , s c as s ace co e se s s ee e e es u h urf nd n r , t pl ngin , h e a e a es sc e s & c . e f th ring p ddl , twin r w , ,

s e a o a e e a oa a e de ign d r t ry ngin , fl ting b tt ry,

eec - oa a s eam ca a e and a br h l ding gun , t rri g ,

s many other n oveltie . Wh ile his ideas were good his work

‘ lacke d the substantial qualities which disl 24 B E T A P E RO R N I R . tin uished a o e his co s o e g th t d n by u in R b rt, and the records of the Court of Session bear witness to numerous litigations in which Th perforce he was entangled . e solidity

’ of Robert s work more than counterbalance d the a e of a of his co s brilli nt d sign th t u in , and gradually he came to have pre e m e ce in n .

In 1 835 a disastrous explosion occurred on n of hi m h E ar l Gr e She o e s s ea e s t e . t r , y was at ee oc an d was e a lying Gr n k, pr p ring t o try conclusions with the celebrate d

Clar ence e her o e s s l and , wh n b il r bur t, kil ing

n ma s acc e affec e his injuri g ny . Thi id nt t d

ea and the en d of the ea a h lth, in y r D vid leased L an cefield House an d works to his co s and emo e t o o o e e he u in r v d L nd n, wh r afte rwards engage d in busin ess with his so s He u some e as o n . b ilt v ry f t ir n steame rs for the Margate traffic which “ an e o were con sidered highly d g r us boats .

O ne of em the E cli se ecame o n th , p , b kn w D VI D N A P E 25 A I R.

as - e e e ac and had the dis Spring h l d J k, tin ction of being immortalise d in the

‘ ’ o s Ing ld by Legends .

few ea s a e he e e and his A y r l t r r tir d,

L ondon yard was acquire d by Mr Scott

Russell in c onnection with the construction

O f the Gr ea t E aster n .

At the time of the Crimean War he de s e a sc e w esse c his O on ign d r v l whi h, in pini ,

o o e e a e and et a e w uld pr v invuln r bl , y h v offe nsive powers capable of destroying any

a oa Sh was s m a t o the Moni thing fl t . e i il r tor The which Ericsson subsequently built . design showe d n o sides above water ; a c e ec two ee c co e e o s e urv d d k f t thi k, v r d ut id and s e c on a es was in in id with thi k ir pl t , tende d t o serve the fourfold purpose of

the esse ea e o a c increas giving v l gr t r bu y n y,

the e n a ea - oom e e s o ing int r l h d r , r p lling h t, and elevating the aperture of the heavy

to arm her gun with whi ch he propose d .

He offered t o supply a breech - loadin g 26 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

ma e of ma ea e o a o gun, d ll bl ir n, th t w uld

fi re twice as quickly as any gun in the

N a and a so s es e a s c a vy, l ugg t d th t u h

ea o an o oo casema e w p n, with ir n pr f t , should b e mo unte d on a steam carriage and o n His s s o s e o a . e w rk d l nd ugg ti n ,

o e e n ot a o the h w v r, did find f v ur with

o es who ec e his o osa Auth riti , d lin d pr p l w o ass an easo ith ut igning y r n . Another of the proj ects of his later years had referen ce t o the purification of the H m f m Clyde . e sub itte d a plan or re oving the sewage of Glasgow to the O pen sea

a es and e esse his ess by b rg , xpr d willingn t o subscribe £500 t o te st it ; but his sc eme at a t me was n ot co s e e h th t i n id r d,

o s se e ff c a o e th ugh ub qu ntly in e e t d pt d .

In his younger days he had acquired a large tract of land at the head of the Holy

oc e e he o ses an d ma e L h, wh r built h u , d roads on which he employe d his steam ca r a e c was the s co e a ce r i g , whi h fir t nv y n

2 B 8 RO E RT N A P IE R.

The end came a few ea s a e and he y r l t r,

e o on 1 869 in the e e di d in L nd in , ighti th

ea of his a e y r g .

has een sa a e ce his co s n It b id th t, x pting u i

o e n o man co te mo e to the R b rt, ntribu d r success of steam navigation than David

N 1 r of l n h lli h a e G e s e s . P C H A T E R III .

A MLA HIE C C .

— — LEASES C A MLA CHIE FOUNDR Y ENGAGES DA VID ELDER OR DER

’ — — FO R LE VEN S ENGINE SUCCES S B UILDS B ELFAS T STEAMERS — - — MEETS MAUDSLAY WINS YACHT CLUB R ACE ACQUIRE S VU U DR LCAN FO N Y .

I N 1 821 Robert Napier entere d into a

’ ease of his co s s e m ses at Camlachie l u in pr i , and remove d his dwelling- place t o White

a The e of the o was £30 v le . r nt f undry 0 a - ea c n the u se of oo s as y r, in ludi g t l ; but this su m was more than t en times what he had ee a for his old s o b n p ying h p, and as there was con siderable risk in the

e e he had the o o of v ntur , pti n giving up

h ease at the end of the s ea t e l fir t y r .

Though a great advan ce on what he had 30 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

e o ee o the a at hith rt b n w rking with, pl nt

Camlachie was of the most modest de

sc o e e e e a few l O- c and ripti n . Th r w r in h

- 1 2 c a e s a e o o a o - m in h l th , rud h riz nt l b ring ill, a e ca mac e and the ecessa a li v rti l hin , n ry pp ances for making castings ; but eve n with these tools he succeeded in turning ou t

fi t - a rs cl ss work .

O n e of his first step s was t o fix upon a

o s ma a ma s s e c g od work n ger . In king thi el

o he was mos o a e sec the ti n , t f rtun t in uring se ces of a e who co e rvi Mr D vid Eld r, ntinu d

him f r a e cam with o forty ye rs . Mr Eld r e

om the e as co and was a e fr t untry, v ry

man He was a m sterling upright . illwright t o a e and o out o bu t tr d , w uld turn n thing the mos so o on c he the t lid w rk , whi h put

a e s He was ea o most accur t fini h . n ring f rty

ea s of a e e a e e a e him y r g wh n Mr N pi r ng g d , an d a good deal of millwright work had

s asse o his a s previou ly p d thr ugh h nd .

s a s e his new em ses a e E t bli h d in pr i , N pi r E T AP ER 1 8 0 . RO B R N I , 3

A MLA E C CHI . 31

un dertook a contract for large water - pipes for the of as o c he e xe City Gl g w, whi h

d a s ac The s o e for cute s ti f torily . fir t rd r mac e came om Bo ac of hin ry fr Mr y k,

f r n of 1 2 H P w s o a e e . ee . a . Dund It ngin , t o be used in driving a mill ; and so well an d substantially was this made that it

’ was running at the date of Mr Napie r s

ea ea s a e a s . O e s d th , fully fifty y r ft rw rd rd r of a s m a a e o owe and he a so i il r n tur f ll d, l ma e n me o s a e es o e d u r u l nd ngin . R b rt

a e o e e e ce a e e N pi r, h w v r, p r iving th t th r was a ea e s eam a a o gr t futur in t n vig ti n,

desire d more especially t o con struct marine

e ngin es like those with which his cousin

a had s o s D vid been succe s ful .

Failures were the n more frequent th an s cc esses an d as he was an e man u , untri d as a ma e e ee he had ea diffi rin ngin r, gr t

c a a his s es ulty in tt ining wi h .

Through his Dumbarton c onn ection he

was ac a e the an s and om qu int d with L g , fr 32 B E T N A P E RO R I R .

em he ma e 1 823 s ccee e th ulti t ly, in , u d d in getting an order for the e ngin e of a

a - e e a o o lugg ge boat they w r b ut t build .

A s so much hung on the satisfactory ca out of s co ac he es o e rrying thi ntr t, b t w d on his first marin e engin e his best skill and s o c m o eme s on fini h , intr du ing i pr v nt

h e se air- m s e - a e & t e co s c. nd n r, pu p, lid v lv , , a nd taking special care to have the frame

o n d The L euen u c work str ng a rigid . s c eeded e o his most sa e o es b y nd nguin h p , and her e e a te as out ee ngin , f r l ting thr

s a o a es - ace on a hull , fin lly f und r ting pl pe destal at Dumbarton Cas tle as a monu

th o s ment t o e c n tructor.

This order was speedily followe d by o e s and he was n ow c o s a em th r , n t ntly

o e as a ma e e ee co s c n pl y d rin ngin r, n tru ti g machinery for river boats and large r

esse s s c as the Be as s eame s A im v l , u h lf t t r well an d S t A ndr ew the of , in running

he a ea s to a e ee e es e which pp r h v b n int r t d .

A MLA CH E 33 C I .

It may be note d that in the early days of steam navigation the builde r was fre

e the o e of the esse and qu ntly wn r v l, it was gen e rally owing t o his initiation that n w e s a e s 1 818 e routes wer t rt d . Thu in

David Napier began the Belfast trade

his s eame R ob R o an d 1 826 with t r y, in

Robert Napier made a further forward s e the same a e the E cli se trid in tr d with p , which he in great part own ed At the

“ time she was describe d as the most com ple te vessel of her size ever built on the

Clyde ; in p oint of sailing une qualled by an e sse of the es B s oak y v l ; built b t riti h ,

O o e - s ea e an d as e e o e pp r h th d f t n d, with d ubl s e - e e e es a c e s 35 id l v r ngin , h ving ylind r

c es ame e a a e e a in h in di t r, w rr nt d qu l in c onstruction and workman ship to the best

! e es ma e ngin d .

Be es o s of se s vesse and ing d ir u lling thi l, hearing that some of the London com

anie s a e c ac s eame s he e t p w nt d r k t r , w n 34 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

to o o the s of 1 827 and L nd n in pring ,

s a e his e a a co s a t y d with Inv r r y u in , D vid

a e who was e ecom o N pi r, th n b ing kn wn

as a s e mec a c e s ec a con kill d h ni , p i lly in

n ection with the invention of the rotary

- esses so m c se a e printing pr , u h u d in l t r ‘ years in the production of the Illustrated

’ o o s and o e a e s L nd n New th r p p r .

M essrs Maudslay were the n re ckon ed the

mos amo s e ee s o o and t f u ngin r in L nd n,

e es o s of see e o s b ing d ir u ing th ir w rk ,

Napier approached them through his

co s who had at one me ee u in , ti b n in

m m He ece e a most their e ploy ent . r iv d

gratifying reply t o his request for per mission t o visit their premises °

’ Mr Maudslay s respectful compliments t o Mr

N a e and e s t o sa he a wa s ee s mo e pi r, b g y l y f l r gratification in m eeting or s eeing any gentleman who has a kno wledge of t he busines s he is en gaged in than the thousands who go ab out taking up the

m w n o ma o Mr ti e ithout gaining a y inf r ti n . A MLA E C CHI . 35

w a t o s ee Mr N on M e e o e be . e e . ill th r f r gl d ith r

’ t he ec e of s or at 4 o c oc or t o - mo ow r ipt thi l k , rr m o F a rning, rid y.

H Ma rch 1 1827 . LAMBET , ,

s e e was e c a com me a Thi l tt r Sp i lly pli nt ry, as the London e ngineers did n ot then throw ope n their works readily for in

ec tion sp . He was at this time living quietly at

31 Whit evale an d e e are few e e s , th r l tt r f i h w o e e a e e s e a . e e s o g n r l int r t xt nt Th r , e e on e om his e a me s v r, fr fri nd Dr Ch l r , who had just resign ed the charge of St

’ o s as o on his a o me J hn in Gl g w, pp int nt to the Chair of Moral Philosophy in St

e Andrews Univ rsity .

K K D N ovemb 1 1 82 R er 3 3. I CAL Y, ,

DEAR SIR — a had no me in as ow I , H ving ti Gl g , wis h t o thank you (n ow on my way t o St Andrews! for t he u s e that y ou s o kindly all owed

’ u s of a c s c oac om w c ou r e hild h , fr hi h littl 36 B E T A P E RO R N I R.

a e e e a ea ea o f e o me and d ught r d riv d gr t d l nj y nt, a s o f a a l o s ubst nti l benefit .

’ May I beg my mos t aflectionat e regards t o

Mrs N apier and your brother. I sh ould have calle d along with Mr S ommer v ille upon you for the purpos e of introducing

m o c a n a ce T s I was n ot hi t your a qu i t n . hi a e t o accom s I o e a ou w bl pli h , but h p th t y ill s oo mee and a he w o e a es s n t, th t ill pr v bl ing in

f h wo t o o am t he high es t s ens e o t e rd y ur f ily. It is my great wis h that t he chapel shall prove

ss t o mm a e e o oo a ble ing your i edi t n ighb urh d . Giv e my compliments when you s ee him t o

o co s Da N a e Es —I am ea Sir y ur u in, vid pi r, q. , d r ,

o s THO MA S HA L MERS y ur truly , C .

The brother Dr Chalmers referred t o w s h Rev P wh w s a t e . e e a e o a e t r N pi r, th n ass s a m s e the c i t nt ini t r in High Chur h, in

as o om c the o o Gl g w, fr whi h in f ll wing year he was presented t o the church of

eo es - in - the - e s a c a e e St G rg Fi ld , h rg th n

c ea e a e ea s a e n ewly r t d . In l t r y r Dr N pi r

ecame m s e of the B ac a s or b ini t r l kfri r , what was more c ommonly kn own as the

38 BE T N A P E RO R I R.

Up t o this p oint his life had been a laborious struggle t o obtain a subsist e ce and his os o e mo e a n , p iti n littl r th n

a of an s o s mas e mec a c th t indu tri u t r h ni .

His s ccess c a e the s a o u h ng d itu ti n .

e s not o om as o om Ord r , nly fr Gl g w but fr o e a e s o e on him and he th r qu rt r , fl w d in , began t o find himself in affluent circum

es stanc . He now entere d into n egotiation s with his cousin for the purchase of Camlachie

Works which he had hith ert o lease d ; and

to meet the growing requireme nts of his

busines s he resolved t o obtain premises

th a o a e o o near e Clyde . A f v ur bl pp rtunity

presente d itself of acquiring the works at

the oo of as o ee e e f t W hingt n Str t, wh r Mr ‘ M A rthur had carried on business as a

ma e en ee and he a a e mse rin gin r, v il d hi lf

of it . C H A P T E R I V

A S S ET N S M T H O I H .

— R ETIRES FR OM R OYAL YACHT SQUA DR ON SENDS F OR NA PIE R — — OR DER S M EN A I B UILDS FIRE KI NG SP EED OF F IRE QUE E N — - P DISLIKES SCR EW YACHT INTIMA CY WITH NA IER .

THE steam - boat race at the Northern

e a ta was a o e and a ac e R g t n v lty, it ttr t d the a e o of a e o e ac sma tt nti n v ry n t d y ht n ,

A ssheton m of o He Mr T . S ith Te dw rth . was e a o f ea s of a e an d had th n b ut fi ty y r g , been for a long time a prominent member of the o a ac a o n c R y l Y ht Squ dr n , duri g whi h period no fewe r than fi ve sailing yachts had

ee for him The ea of a a b n built . id h ving s eam ac s es e se t o him and he t y ht ugg t d it lf , made a proposition t o admit such v essels

o the His s e e n ot a o int Club . view w r f v ur 40 B E T A P E RO R N I R. ably receive d ; an d some of the members went so far as to insinuate that he intende d

d a s eame for s e buil ing t r bu in ss purpose s .

m was a a a and Mr S ith n tur lly indign nt , re sente d the matter so much that he

e his n ame om the Be ' withdr w fr Club . ing a man of ea ence and ea and gr t influ w lth, of e e ose he e e m e t o infl xibl purp , d t r in d brave the opinion of the Royal Yacht

Squadron by orde ring a steam yacht for

ms K o o e a e e hi elf. n wing R b rt N pi r by r pu tation he o e him a e e s a his , wr t l tt r t ting

e eme s and e es n him to c ome r quir nt , r qu ti g t o his o se at P o a o h u ent n n e r And ver . Mr

m was e a s a e t o a e S ith quit tr ng r N pi r, but h eso o an d s e him his e r lve d t go e . On

o e he e s to c osse j urn y w nt fir t Dublin , r d

ac t o o ea o e o b k H lyh d, dr v d wn by

e e am to B s o and e ro Ch lt nh ri t l, th n p c eeded t o o e e mee And v r . On th ir ting,

m n e at o ce in medi as res Mr S ith plu g d n , giving full details of his quarrel with the A S S HE TON S M TH 41 I .

ac an d e a his o ose Y ht Club, xpl ining pr p d me o of oce e th d pr dur , winding up with the n ot very reassuring remark that Mrs

Smith (whom he had recently married! was

e m c a a s his a s eame v ry u h g in t building t r, an d that Napier must overcome her obj ec

A h h n e Mr m o . s e ad e see s ti n v r n S ith,

Napie r demurred ; but Mr Smith would

a e no e sa s nc e e t k r fu l . At thi ju tur dinn r was a o ce an d he was o ce nn un d, intr du d t o the a of the o se a e had n o l dy h u . N pi r wa of ac an d ma e s c a a o a e nt t t, d u h f v ur bl impression on the lady that he was aske d t o come n e mo n t o ea as xt r ing br kf t . At this second meeting Mr Smith gave him an order for a steam yacht costing ove r

an d se nt him on his way rej oic

a o to the o e he a so o ing . In dditi n rd r l to k

him some m c mo e a a e with thing u h r v lu bl , the lifelon g goodwill and unb ounde d con

fidence of e s e ema this pow rful Engli h g ntl n .

Such trust did Mr Smith place in his new 42 B E T N A P E RO R I R. acqu aintance that he never went to see the ac co s c o bu t e t y ht during n tru ti n, l f everything t o the builder till she was de

e e at B s o The M ena i as she was liv r d ri t l . , ca e was o e 120 ee o and 20 ee ll d, v r f t l ng f t

eam o e - e e e e es and b , with d ubl Sid l v r ngin ; a model of her is still to be seen in the

as o a e Her o e was so Gl g w Art G lle ri s . wn r ple ased with her that he continued t o order new yachts from Napier till he was nearly e ea s of a e the o o e the ighty y r g , f ll wing b ing

n ames of some of the yachts thus supplied

M na a e i P ddle .

low- wor m Pa e G ddl .

P a e ddl .

Wa ter Cu r e Experimental Yacht .

N o 1 Fir e u ee Pa e n . . Q ddl

N O 2 Fir e een Pa e u . . Q ddl w N o . 3 F r een S c e i e Qu r .

J nn i d P a e e y L n ddl .

- Pa S ea S erp ent ddle .

Mr Smith was a strong a dvocate of H M T A S S E TON S I H . 43

o o a e - es an d o a e h ll w w t r lin , th ugh N pi r dissuade d him from them in the case of his s ac he s s e on em the fir t y ht, in i t d th in

Fir e Ki n She o e to b e a e as g. pr v d v ry f t

oa e o e her a S m was b t, but b f r tri l Mr ith so c onfide nt of her success that he made

‘ ’ ’ a public challenge in B ell s Life t o the eff ect that the ve ssel would run again st any steamer th e n afloat from D ove r Pier round Eddystone Lighthou se an d back for 5000 eas or a s e su m guin , till high r if

e h e e . e a t e o o s r quir d R g rding h ll w lin , there was a somewh at heated controve rsy

e ee m and co sse b tw n Mr S ith Mr S tt Ru ll, who claimed t o b e the discove rer of the

“ ! a e nc e for c he ece e a w v pri ipl , whi h r iv d gold medal from the Royal Society of Edin

1 838 m on the o e burgh in . Mr S ith, th r

a e n ot o ess n sc e c n o h nd, whil pr f i g i ntifi k w le e c o e e a he was the o dg , nt nd d th t intr d u cer of ese es as he had a o e th lin , d pt d them in one of his sailing yachts built 44 B E T N A P E RO R I R. mo e a ten ea s e o s and had r th n y r pr vi u ly,

constantly pressed their adoption on the

f all hi s eam ac builders o s t y hts .

His yacht following the Fire King he

ame the Fir e ueen ou t of o a to n d Q , l y lty

a O ne da to he r a e es . e l t M j ty y, in r ply

’ the Queen s query why he had adopte d “ s n ame he sa : Ma ease o thi , id y it pl y ur

a es had a ac ca e the Fire M j ty , I y ht ll d

Ki ng which was superior t o any I had

e o e s is s e o t o a and ca b f r ; thi up ri r th t, I ll

! her the F i re Queen O ne of these vessels

was the as es oa a oa e a e to f t t b t fl t, b ing bl

m a s e m es an o She stea n e rly ixt en il h ur .

had steeple engines with malleable iron

am c o s c e om the es s of fr ing, n tru t d fr d ign

’ o a e a ier s seco son and J hn N pi r, Mr N p nd ,

the Admiralty thought so much of her

a e c ase her for a ac e th t th y pur h d p k t .

. Mr John Napier had the modern ideas of

mac er a e o e o e light hin y with l rg b il r p w r,

but these were n ot favourably considere d

A S S HE TON S MITH 45

’ hi a r m s e s a a e e . by f th n g r , Mr Eld r At that time John Napier rarely got an op

ortunit of s o at co be o e p y h wing wh uld d n , but in 1 846 he was prepare d to build steamers t o go twenty miles an hour if his an s e e a o e c e pl w r d pt d, whi h th y ulti mately were in the case of the fast river

eame N e tune st r p .

On the introduction of the screw

o e e m e the pr p ll r, Mr S ith tri d it in third

Fir e u een he s e and ma Q , but di lik d it ; ny

e e s he o e t o his e a e sa l tt r wr t fri nd N pi r, y “ ing that if he could n ot build him a

a e oa he m s a a s s a on s o e p ddl b t u t lw y t y h r ,

as he would n ever go to sea again in a

screw .

Mr Smith was on intimate terms with the Duke of Wellington and other memb ers

of the aristocracy ; and he was of much

assistance t o Napier in his subse que nt

ea n s the as a om a d li g with E t Indi C p ny,

the m a and o e o e me s Ad ir lty, f r ign g v rn nt , 46 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

being always ready to give his name as

sec for him the a es c urity in l rg t ontracts .

When the Duk e of Wellington was stay

at e o m comm ca e ing T dw rth, Mr S ith uni t d

t o him his ideas regarding s mall gunboats

f r c e The c o se a e o oast defen c . n rv tiv Duke

was so impre ssed that he advised him t o

write his views to the First L ord of the

a h d n m c he . a a o Ad ir lty, whi h did H ving

ac o e me S m mee him kn wl dg nt, Mr ith, ting

on e da n e he had ece e his y , i quir d if r iv d n o e t o c es o a o c a e e t , whi h qu ti n th t ffi i l r pli d

the affi ma e a e a the s in r tiv , but dd d th t Fir t

Lord of the Admiralty could n ot pay at tention to all the recommendations made

him U o s m oo fl t o . p n thi Mr S ith t k O his hat and ma a s a e b ow re , , king t t ly , “ ma e a his ace the e of rk d, Wh t Gr , Duk

e o has co s e e wo of at W llingt n, n id r d rthy

e o n o o s m at t nti n , I thi k y ur L rd hip ight

! least have deigned t o n otic e . Within a f w ea s his s es o was a o e and e y r ugg ti n d pt d, E ON S M TH A S S H T I . 47 a o m da e ee of e c a t man of f r i bl fl t vix n r f , y

em e e his old e a e th ngin d by fri nd N pi r,

se c e se a e s did good rvi e in Chin w t r .

’ Napier s relation s with Mrs Smith were a so m He n e e o o how l ost c ordial . v r f rg t much had depende d on his first intervie w

her an d o e of his a ec a o with , in t k n ppr i ti n of her kindn ess he presente d her with a

wate r - engin e to blo w the o rgan at Ted

‘ o m a t o the on e he had o w rth, Si il r intr du ced at a o a o e c Sh nd n, n v lty with whi h w she as greatly delighted .

He e ntertain ed for her husband the

high est respect on account of his disinter

est ed an d c o c all , kind, upright ndu t in

ma e s and he a e e ess o t o a tt r , g v xpr i n th t “ es eem a o his mo o ee s t by d pting tt , D d ,

! n ot words .

m e in 1 858 and a e in Mr S ith di d , v ry ‘ t ere stin memo of him e e g ir , ntitl d A

’ amo s Fox - e was e his F u hunt r, writt n by t frie nd Sir John Eardley Wilmo . C P V H A T E R .

N DR VU LC A N FO U Y.

— - EQUIPS VULCAN FOUNDR Y FOUNDS STEAM P ACKET COMPANIES — CONTRA CTS F O R DUN DEE A N D PE R TH THEI R GREAT S UCCESS — - LETTER TO MR DUNCAN INTR ODUCTION TO EA ST INDIA — — — COMPANY B UILDS B ERE NI CE VOYAGE TO INDIA BEATS

A TA LA TA— W MR MEL L N INTIMACY ITH VIL .

Br the year 1 830 Robert Napier was the most promin ent marine engineer in Glas

ow and o e t o mee the co s a g , in rd r t n t nt

ema s ma e on him for new s eame s d nd d t r , he equipped the Vulcan Works with heavy tools suitable for making large e ngines . In this matter he was ably advised by

e who was far - see and e Mr Eld r, ing, k pt

e a a ce of the mes m w ll in dv n ti . Al ost n o steam- b oat line was n ow starte d with

50 B E N A P E RO RT I R. gave him a favourable opinion of its chances of s ccess as his es ma e on the u , b ing ti t results of the Live rpool boats with which h w P a s and offe s e e e as c onn ected . l n r w r as e om om e e ee s o o k d fr pr in nt ngin r in L nd n, d as o e e ee an ee . Gl g w, L ith, Ab rd n, Dund

A committee was appointed t o c onsid er the en e s and e a mo s came t d r , th y un ni u ly “ t o the O pinion th at the offer by Mr

o e a e e ee as o t o R b rt N pi r, ngin r in Gl g w, furnish two vessels of 6 04 tons burden

and a o t 26 0 o se - o e e ac com e b u h r p w r h, bin d the ea es a a a e t o the om a gr t t dv nt g C p ny, an d that it would b e decidedly for th eir interest t o accept of it in preferen ce t o

! n f h o e ffe s e acco a y o t e th r o r . Th y rd in gly contracte d with him to build and engine two ve ssels for the sum of

e The om a e e e st rling . C p ny r quir d S curity for the m eme of the co ac an d i pl nting ntr t, one of the caution ers was Mr David

MacIver of e oo who ea of the Liv rp l, , h ring

V L A N F N D Y U C O U R . 51

s ess a e a some ma e bu in , in v ry h nd nn r

voluntarily oflered to become s ecurity for hi s e . a e a e e e fri nd N pi r, in l tt r writt n in

1 835 me o s a he os mo e mo e , nti n th t l t r n y

by this contract than by all the work

he had o e ce he comme c s ess d n sin n ed bu in .

Yet he spare d n eithe r trouble n or expense

t o make these boats the fastest an d most

e me ca e s eame s a oa im Spl ndid r ntil t r fl t,

lemen tin n ot me e the s e c ca o p g r ly p ifi ti n,

but giving much more than the contrac t

s a e f r e e e ca e the tipul t d o . Th y w r ll d

D undee and P er th an d e e con , w r

sidered e a e s eame s e dimen v ry l rg t r , th ir

sion s being 1 75 fee t long and 28 feet

eam The e e o b . hulls w r built by Mr J hn

oo of P o as o who was e W d rt Gl g w, th n

ec o e the e s e on the l e r k n d b t build r C yd .

During their con struction they came under the o ce of the e c o e me n ti Fr n h G v rn nt,

who thought of acquiring them for their

Toulon and Algi ers service The Dundee 52 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

Company expressed its willingness to part with them in con sideration of a profit of

but in the end the n egotiations

e o e the s eame s e e c m f ll thr ugh . Wh n t r w r o

leted e a e a e sa s ac o p th y g v unqu lifi d ti f ti n , and the following is an e xcerpt from the minute of the meeting of the Directors of the Company held on 1 2th May 1 834

The mee now a t he s eam - S P er th ting ( th t t hip , the last of t he t wo steam - S hips c ontracted for with t he Company by Mr Robert N apier o f

as ow has e e a e off his an s and Gl g , b n t k n h d arrive d s afe in the Tay! un an imously agre e d that t he Manager S hall be instructed t o convey t o Mr N apier t he expression o f their entire satisfaction with re spect t o t he h onourable manner in which he has discharged his O bligations t o t he

om a for s and fittin - out C p ny building , furni hing , g

es e ess e s and of e o o a in s o th v l , th ir pini n th t far as they can judge with reference t o t he

and s e of t he t he owe mould tr ngth hull, p r

n d s of the e es and t he com o a fini hing ngin , f rt an the e e a ce of t he ca s he has in e e d l g n bin , v ry

es ec e a e and in ma es ec s e cee e r p t qu ll d , ny r p t x d d, ‘ t he terms o f t he contract . V L A N F N D Y 53 U C O U R .

The succe ss of the Dundee boats c on

’ tributed to the establishment of Napier s general reputation more than any work he P t o the P f L n ever did . lying ort o o don e came for a se e e o ea of , th y in v r rd l c c sm ou t of c t e eme e riti i , whi h h y rg d

m a an d e sa a m e triu ph nt univ r lly d ir d .

Large n umb ers of people flocked to see them on account of the reported su mptu ou sn ess an d s of e ca s an d fini h th ir bin ,

e ecame on e of the s of o o th y b ights L nd n .

The ca s ee e e mos o s bin , ind d, w r t luxuri u , the a e s the sa oo s c e e p n l in l n , whi h w r

a e a s a s who a te a s p int d by ri ing rti t, f rw rd ‘ ecame amo s as o a o M Culloch b f u Sir H r ti ,

ei es ec a o e b ng p i lly n t worthy .

The steamers ordere d in 1 832 were origin ally inten ded t o begin the service

1 833 o t o difli cu lties in , but wing with workmen an d other causes th ey were n ot

ea me for the s mme seaso and r dy in ti u r n , the Dundee did n ot make her maiden 54 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

1 34 a the o a e 8 . c v y g till April Mr Dun n,

a ma of the om a o e t o Ch ir n C p ny, wr t Mr

a e who was a so a s a e o e N pi r, l h r h ld r, giving him the following particulars

DU D Mend a 7 th A ril 1 834. N EE, y , p

MY DEA R SIR - I a e o me t o o e t o ou , h v nly ti qu t y

’ part of our agent s letter receive d this morning

I have great pleasure in s ayin g t he D u ndee s eame is sa e s mo a a W s a t r f ly up thi rning, C pt in i h rt

eas w her o e a o s I e ou highly pl ed ith p r ti n . giv y c o om his lo - o o for o o ma o a py fr gb k y ur inf r ti n , th t

u ma o f h r s e yo y judge e pe d .

f 2 9 2n r Le t D un ee 1 m nutes ast d . d , i p , Ap il

B o T n of a 5 m u tes ast 1 0. u y y, i p

Be Roc not seen ll k .

’ S t s a m nu tes e or 2 e 1 0 e . Abb H d, i b f

’ F am 45 m n a t 2 A M te s . rs a ro ea s . l b H d, i u p Thu d y

rom 45 m nu t s a 1 1 er e st . C , i p

Yarm u 1 m n t a 2 o t 0 es st . h, i u p

O rfordn ss 45 m nu e 4 e t s ast . , i p

Gun fleet B eacon 48 m n u tes as t 6 rou t u at , i p , b gh p

N ore 30 m nu tes as t 6 Fr a morn n , i p , id y i g .

Gra v n 30 m n t es as 8 ese t . d , i u p

Her moor n s 30 m n utes a t 1 s 0. i g , i p

T e e was a ea - w n all t he wa t o ome h r h d i d y Cr r.

We c o s e S he has ma e her o a e a s eam n id r d v y g , f ir t

V L N F N D Y 5 U CA O U R . 5

‘ ’ in in - Th P oo was e o s . e g, thirty ight h ur l full , but she came thro ugh without tou ching s o much as a a e I had an o o of s e e n t he b rg . pp rtunity i g

as s e e s as I met her at av es e and all p ng r Gr nd , s eemed delighted with th eir voyage a nd arrange m ! ents .

I a e n o me t o s a a wo m se o h v ti y rd y lf, nly

w R E D A N e e e me o s a a s EO G UN C . b li v , y ur l y , G

The om a o e e a s eame C p ny rd r d third t r, c a e the L ondon c was e a su c ll d , whi h qu lly

cessful and as we s a se e at a a e s a e , , h ll l t r t g , she was specially me ntione d by Mr Cunard

“ as th o f es he e descripti n o v sel required .

Napier took the Dundee c ontract at a

e low ce as af o e him an o v ry pri , it f rd d p portunity of showing what he c ould do in the case of vessels steaming continu ously

for o e we - o o s and he oo v r t nty f ur h ur , t k e normous trouble t o en sure succe ss .

o m c e e s ess Alth ugh u h burd n d with bu in ,

c he had t o co c s e - a e whi h ndu t ingl h nd d ,

necessitating (among other labours! j our

e s t o o o and e se e e c n y L nd n l wh r , whi h in 56 B E T N A P E RO R I R . those days were very tedious and exh aust

he was now me for a e ing, finding ti littl

e s th n d of 1 833 he e e a o l i ure . In e e f u d b ut e ee ac es of o at a o an d ight n r gr und Sh nd n,

e e he a mo es co a e e e he h r built d t tt g , wh r

mm mo s proposed Spending the su er nth .

’ It was only two or three h ours j ourney

om as o e and he was e fr Gl g w by riv r, int r ested in the steam - boats which plied on the Gareloch oo him some me to . It t k ti

et his o se ea and e e is a e g h u r dy, th r v ry

e es n e e to ca int r ti g l tt r Mr Dun n , with wh om he had formed an intimate friend s om c we ma e a few ex hip , fr whi h will k

ac It i Whitevale Wedn s . s a e es tr t d t d ,

1 0 P M 1 5 M 1 835 da . . a y, , th y

I should be ve ry happy that your arrangements for going t o London were s c a we co mee e e as ro u h th t uld t th r , I p pose going up t o Liverp ool with the n ew

Ci t o Gla s ow c s a s e ee y f g , whi h t rt n xt w k

Y 57 VUL CA N F O UN DR . on her fi rst ’ passage ; an d from that I go t o London t o see Mr Smith about a n ew st eamer he wants me to make n early as

a e as h undee a a so t o see l rg t e D . I w nt l the India and Government p eople about

e eame s a e had ffe e th ir st r . I h v di r nt

e e s om em an d se t em ee l tt r fr th , nt h thr

mo e s ea has ee o e d l . I l rn b n v t d

for two esse s an d a e ee a se v l , I h v b n dvi d

by my friends in London t o go up . I should like t o have a letter from y ou to

P f o c on an d . a e wa o Sir H rn ll by y intr du ti , probably you will take the trouble of

writing him before I go as t o the obj ect

of m s o o y vi iting L nd n . “ My cottage at Shandon is getting

f r i ma s The a e n early re ady o t s in te . p int r

is pape ring an d painting one or two of

the ooms and the oo o of on e Of r , w dw rk

em am a s n s ea of a th I v rni hi g in t d p inting,

the wood being so very clean that I thought

a c it pity to on ceal it . 5 E 8 ROB E RT N A P I R.

s ess as ou a re a a e is My bu in , y w r , mostly confin ed at the Vulcan Foundry t o the fitting up of engin es and machinery for s eam - ac e com a es who ma t p k t p ni , , I y sa are a mos e e case as oo an d y, in l t v ry g d secure as the Bank of England ; an d any othe r work I do in gen eral is for people who are as good as the generality of

a s am a so o ec e a coa b nk . I l c nn t d with l

o c t a e has ce a ee w rk, whi h ill l t ly rt inly b n a sinking fund ; but n o othe r losse s that

am a a e of a e se om on I w r h v ri n fr it, but, the co a the as e e mo s ntr ry, within l t tw lv nth it has begun t o pay a little of the sunk

s o on e - o t of the fund . I h ld f ur h Muirkirk

o s s a so has ee a s Ir n Work . Thi l b n inking

is now e to do some oo fund but b ginning g d, and in less than two month s I hope t o be able t o inform you that it is n ot only

o some oo m c oo as d ing g d, but u h g d, by that time I fully expect we will h ave a o e a e u nace o e a o an d n th r l rg f r in p r ti n,

6 0 B E T N A P E ‘ RO R I R.

a o o s ma do an d Sh nd n gr und , king . building co a e s e e & c o s a all tt g th r , . , but n twith t nding

ese — ca em a ou eas e oods or th ll th wh t y pl , g — evils I have hitherto (without e nte ring any further into particulars! always had

20s the o for all o es c e o s . in p und h n t r dit r , an d a beefsteak an d a bottle of wine ove r an d above for all friends such as you ; an d I trust the n ext time you manage to come west that you will fulfil your promise of domiciling with u s at the coast eight days at n d u th we eas a s t o e es . l t, put t t If ca o offe ou e we ma o a nn t r y win , y pr b bly collect a little mountain - d ew for the ben efit of your health ; an d if we cannot manage

a e e is some fin e s a e n ot th t, th r pring w t r far off which may probably do y ou as

h m all much good as any of t e for er . At events you shall have a Sh are of whateve r we can affo and a ea e come an d rd, h rty w l ,

o a i ll u a Mrs I kn w th t s a yo w nt . N . fully e ec s ou n ot the oo ea e xp t y , but till g d w th r

' V L A N F UN D Y 6 1 U O O R . come in h o a ma not o s . S e pr b bly y g

o h o aca o e d wn till t e scho l v ti n in Jun . I h ope to have a short re spite about that

me a so an d s o e a o e all s ti l , h uld lik b v thing to sp end a few d ays with you among the

a s Highl nd hill .

“ I hOpe y ou will be able to make some se se ou t of s o e e c n thi l ng l tt r, whi h

a has grown upon my hand . I h ve n eve r said so much t o any person before about the different busin esses I am concern ed with ; but from the frie ndly interest you have take n in writing me as y ou have

o e du e t o ou t o e a a d n , I think it y d t il

e — o s mos s ce e littl Y ur t in r ly, “

. A PIER R N .

— P ’ D n ot o e . a e P . o s . S f rg t Sir H rn ll

! letter of introduction to me .

This postscript was a most important

c o an d a few mo s a e he injun ti n , nth l t r 6 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

writes Mr Dun can informing him that he

has ot the ac om m and g y ht fr Mr S ith,

also that he has s uccee de d in obtaining

the contract for one of the two steamers

h as a om a o e e H t e E t Indi C p ny rd r d . e

“ s ° a is mo e e a e e add Wh t r , th y h v giv n

me m own wa the e sse s n y y with v l, tru ti g

o e n Th sur t o my hon ur in ev rythi g . e

veyor has been thrown o verboard along

his s ec ca o so a we d o with p ifi ti n, th t if n ot make a good vessel we will have

am ourselves to bl e .

’ The India Company s vessel was calle d the B ereni ce an d she was the s ocea , fir t n

e e s n steamer Napier engin d . Whil co ti g n early her dimensions were only

a e a ose of the Dundee Slightly l rg r th n th ,

c she esem e ma es ec s whi h r bl d in ny r p t , being a paddle - boat with double side - lever

n es a ee co e o e s o e e gin , h ving thr pp r b il r w rk d

s She was a so e at low pres ure . l fitt d with e a s o a es c a e e sa s xp n i n v lv , whi h g v v ry ti V L A N F N D Y 6 3 U C O U R .

a o s one of his e e s a e f ct ry re ults . In l tt r N pi r says : From the ge nerous and kind manner in which Mr Peacock acte d to wards me

me a ca rte bla nche as e e in giving , it w r , a o the esse s t o m o o b ut v l, tru ting y h n ur to bear him ou t in the prefere n ce b e stowe d ou me by buildin g and finishing the vessel in the best style an d with the

es and mos ma e a so as t o b t t fitting t ri l, e n sure t o the Company a first - rate se a

o s eame of a oo mo e com g ing t r g d d l,

n ea s e and a for bini g gr t tr ngth dur bility, e ncountering an d standing the strong

a a o of the a an d Red seas n vig ti n Indi n , and of carrying her cargo on a light draught of water an d her gun s on deck

o e c a has een m with ut b ing r nk, it b y anxious study t o make the vessel in eve ry respect such as would b e cre dit able t o Mr Peacock and profitable t o th m Th o s e o a . e e es e ca e C p ny th r v l, ll d the A tala nta was o o and , built in L nd n , 6 4 B E T N A P E RO R I R . there was kee n rivalry between the

s nd co s co s c Engli h a S tti h n tru tors .

The B er eni ce left for India in the spring of 1 837 an d a e was m c a e , N pi r u h gr tifi d at receiving the following letters from her

comma e a a a . nd r, C pt in Gr nt

B 2 th 4 une 1 837 . OMBAY, J

MY DEA R N A P ER —T s is a co of m e o I , hi py y r p rt

o ve me of ou r a a in Bom a I av e t o G rn nt rriv l b y. h

m t o w e m o e I o e wi eas no ti e rit r . h p it ll pl e

ou Yo o e S has e a e we and y . ur n bl hip b h v d ll , — be at t he A ta la nta by eighte en days Yours

S ce e . R A N T in r ly, G G .

’ C a ta in r a nt s e r t p G R p o .

- m a ir MA L O LM Bt Rea A S . C . r d ir l C , ,

e e e an N a Sup rint nd nt Indi vy .

S IR — I a e the o o t o e o t he a a , h v h n ur r p rt rriv l

m - S B er enice nd r m c mma of H C . s ea e o . t hip , p y nd om E a av e Fa mo on the l 6 th fr ngl nd, h ing l ft l uth

a c at 1 1 P M and o c e at S a a in M r h . . t u h d nt Cruz

’ Ten erifle Ma o one of the a e de Ve s a s , y , C p rd I l nd ,

V A N F 0 UN DR Y UL C . 6 5

Fe an o Po Ta e Ba a e of oo o e rn d , bl y , C p G d H p ,

L an ce A t eac of and P o o s s e of F . rt ui , I l r h

es e o s we oo in coa and we e e a e th p rt t k l , r d t in d

a o e e w fiv a s We a e ee lt g th r t enty e d y . h v b n

s eam s - e e a s and ru n in a me t ing ixty thr d y , th t ti

wa s of m es a a e a e e up rd il , h ving v r g d ight

m es r e il pe h our t he wh ole voyag . The following statement will S how the distan ce

ru n e w eac o we o c e at t he a b t ixt h p rt t u h d , qu ntity

of co a co s me ou r ea e s and eas s ee er l n u d , gr t t l t p d p

o &c . h ur,

Dis Quantity of c oal tance I ( n c wt . !

run . u s ed p er h our .

Mil es Grea test L east 1 51 0 1 55 1 2;

896 20 1 5A

2284 1 44 1 1 5 1 4 2 6 0 Ex

2269 1 4 1 1 s 1 4 3 6 1 8 E x

2488 20 1 4 1 2 2 to P o rt L ou is

26 1 2 1 5 1 1 }

test and m ost oppress ive heat we felt during the voyage was soon after leaving Fernando 6 6 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

P o ; the th ermometer in t he engine - room stood at

1 20 e ees an d in t he coa - n e s w e e the d gr , l bu k r , h r m n w e wo was at 1 6 e e 3 . O ur ea es r rking, it gr t t ru n in we - o o s was 252 m e s I a e t nty f ur h ur il . h v much pleas ure in stating that the S hip has per

o me her o a e in a m os s a s ac o m a f r d v y g t ti f t ry nner.

She is an e ce e s ea- oa an d c a es he r sa x ll nt b t, rri il we in t he wo s of wea e We a e n ot o st ll r t th r. h v l a spar with the e xception o f a jibb o om S ince we

e En a and t he mas s a s s a s and l ft gl nd , t , y rd , il ,

are in oo o e The e es and rigging g d rd r. ngin

o e s w e e co ec e w em are b il r , ith v rything nn t d ith th , in t he mos e c en s a e an d efle c ea c e t ffi i t t t , r t gr t r dit ‘ o m c e en n ee Mr Da M L aren who up n y hi f gi r, vid , has proved himself t o be a most excellent officer an d e n ee —his a e o n t o his and t he ngi r , tt nti duty ,

oo o e he has e his men in me s m g d rd r k pt , rit y w a s The s I c o s e t o be at armest pr i e . hip n id r this m oment in almos t as efficient a state as when we

e Fa mo and e e c ca a e of e l ft l uth , p rf tly p bl und r taking as long a voyage as that she has just now s o s a s ac o s e ti f t rily fini h d .

’ The S s lo - oo w a co of t he s eam hip gb k , ith py t lo S a be s e t o ou as so o as e ar g, h ll nt y n th y e com e e The a e has pl t d. l tt r been kept by the

u se and c e e ee and t he o a was p r r hi f ngin r, rigin l s e e a t o t he Hon the o of D nt r gul rly . C urt irectors

e o e s om eac o we o c e at Mr by th ir rd r fr h p rt t u h d .

6 8 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

The success of the B erenice was on e of

’ Napier s first triumphs over his English

a s e e to ss a e the e ce riv l . It h lp d di ip t pr judi a a s c o s e ee s and e s a s g in t S tti h ngin r , t bli h the reputation of the Clyde as an enginee r

oo of s ma be ing c entre . In pr f thi it y said that the conne ction th en made with the E ast India C ompany an d their su c cessors lasted uninte rrupte dly till Mr

’ a ier s ea N p d th . A S a result of the satisfactory execution of this c ontract a most intimate friend s was e s a s e the sec e a hip t bli h d with r t ry, Mr

ames Melvill who had o e J C . , unb und d in

’ flu ence in the direction of the Company s affa s an d as we s all see was o ir , , h , it thr ugh hi s direc t agency that Mr Cunard sought ou t a e a few a N pi r ye rs late r . P VI C H A T E R .

A DM RA T I L Y.

INTR ODUCTION TO ADMI R ALTY TENDER FO R VES UVI US A N D — ’ — S TRO MB OLI CA P TAIN O MMA N N EY S R EP OR T HOS TILITY TO SCOTCH ENGINES PAR LIAMENTAR Y R ETUR N R ESULT

R LETTE ON B OILER QUES TION .

A FTER delivering the B er enice t o the East

a om a a e eso e t o ma e Indi C p ny, N pi r r lv d k an effort t o obtain an order from the

B s o m s was an ex riti h G vern e nt . Thi t remel difli cult ma e t o mana e as y tt r g , conservatism overrule d all oth er con sider ation s — ess s a a s a ea a , M r W tt, M ud l y, S w rd, an d one or two others being c on sidere d by the Authorities as the only firms worthy f o being e ntrusted with Admiralty engines .

a e owe e had n ow some o e N pi r, h v r, p w rful

e s and o to his o ea e a fri nd , wing Eur p n r put 7 0 B E T N A P E RO R I R. tion his claims could not b e overlooke d ; so in 1 837 he was aff orded an opportunity of

e e t o the o ve me no s t nd ring G rn nt, but bu i

m His s s ness resulte d at that ti e . fir t uccess

e e was ma e the s r of 1 838 ful t nd r d in p ing , when he was aske d t o offer for on e or two

- f 28 H P f n es o 0 . . sets o side lever e gin N .

e of ese da ac ce the In vi w pr nt y pr ti , details of this offer are simple and in d w m t erestin an e e o ce e . g, r pr du th

P rice er set p .

E es e s 6 1 c es . ngin Cylind r , in h

Bo e s S o e 6 e e . il r tr k , f t

a Re o o s 1 9 W e . t r v luti n ,

- oa o es W e e s 27 e e . C l b x h l , f t

Pa e - w ee s Bo e ess e 5 ddl h l il r pr ur , lb .

The whole of t he engines and machinery guar a e e t o be e a t o the es ma e in B a nt d qu l b t d rit in, and finishe d t o t he entire satisfaction of the Lords

omm ss o e s and e e i ee s C i i n r th ir ng n r .

7 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R. parable engines ; but I trust it will be a satis faction to hear that they have done their duty we and are now a mos as e fi c e as w e ll , l t f i nt h n

e e as o w I am o t o e th y l ft Gl g . pr ud think th y have been n o e xp ens e t o Government for repairs Since we have b een on t he station

The S tr omboli is at o s a o e w e e She C n t ntin pl , h r has b een lying some time with little work ; but I believe she is still in perfect order about her e es ngin . There has n o vessel done her work e qual t o the Ves uviu s a wa s ee e a w e wa e ; l y b n r dy h n nt d ,

e e had a s cr ew loo n v r se.

S e e a of o ol a ces are o u t e e v r l y ur d pprenti h r . I s end you a small calculation o f what we have done S ince we have b een employed t he t wo first

ea s y r .

In a e eco ec o of a e o t o me gr t ful r ll ti n kind tt nti n . I hope yours elf an d famil y c ontinue t o enj oy

ea and os e of w c I s a be a h lth pr p rity, hi h h ll gl d t o ea ou a e e s e —Be e e me o s h r if y h v l i ur li v , y ur

e ERA S MUS O MMA N N EY v ry truly , ,

a a C pt in .

In the meantime there was a cessation of o e s om the o e me o a rd r fr G v rn nt, pr b bly from a desire to return t o the old re A L T Y 3 A DMIR . 7 strictive policy of limiting the field to w s e ee s . a e o e e as Engli h ngin r N pi r, h w v r, n ot a man to be set as e and id lightly, he had o e s He was confi p w rful friend . dent in the superlative excellen c e of his

o and m c t o the a o a ce of w rk, , u h nn y n Sir

mo s who was e e o of W . Sy nd , th n Surv y r the a o e o e mo e Par N vy, Mr R b rt G r v d in liament for a return of

t he names of marine - engine makers with wh om t he A dmiralty had made contracts for engines

om t he e a 1 839- 1 843 n c s v e w the fr y r i lu i , ith am ount of hors e - p o wer ordered from each of such engine - makers in each year ; o f the original

’ c os o f t he e es of her Ma es s s eam - es se s t ngin j ty t v l ,

A lecto Deva s ta tion Ge z er C clo s P r ometheu s , , y , y p , ,

P ol hemu s Ves uviu s an d S tr omboli s e c n yp , , , p ifyi g an e a c a e e on co ac ce and y xtr h rg b y d ntr t pri , if such engines were fitte d with an indicator ; of

e a s and t he cos of s c e a s and the r p ir t u h r p ir , number of days an d hours any of said vessels were incapable of performing the ir work in con s e e ce of s c e a s an d of t he ames of qu n u h r p ir , n

h a t e m kers of each of t he said vessels . 4 B E T N A P E 7 RO R I R.

s e was an e and a s o s s Thi r turn gr t d, yn p i

of it is given in the following table

D S EA WA R .

N . H. P . 200 273 320 1 92 200

Days u nder re pair 393 50 1 6 4 353 1 6 2

Days in commis sion 273

Days in 1 000 u nder repair

C os t o f repairs

C os t of e ngines

Expense of r e pairs 50 for e very of firs t cost

C os t o f re pairs

Time in commission 942

E xpense of repairs 1 9182 1 0132 115} pe r d ay during c ommiss ion

’ A s the a e s e s o a ier s e es t bl t f rth , N p ngin

we re Shown t o c ost the n ation at firs t less

mon ey than those made by the Englis h

co ac o s a nd a so t o com a e mos ntr t r , l p r t

7 6 B E T N A RO R P IE R .

Lords the following statement receive d

om ames a e his o e fr J N pi r br th r!, giving his experien ce in the c on struc tion and u se of P atent Tubular Boilers in steam ve ssels

om the ea 1 831 o e e m e s fr y r , t g th r with y vi w of o e s and mac for am b il r hine ry ste ers .

In 1 831 I c ons tructe d b oilers for t he A imwell s eame av n es 4 c es in ame e an d t r, h i g tub in h di t r

8 e e o in 1 832 o e s for t he D u lce o Lan f t l ng ; , b il r f ca ster av es 5 ches ame e an d 9 ee , h ing tub in di t r f t

o in 1 833 o e s fo r t he o a l Willia m om l ng ; , b il r R y , fr

L e t o L o o w e s 7 c es ame e and ith nd n , ith tub in h di t r 1 4 fee t long ; an d s ubs equently b oilers for t he

o a l A dela ide an d o a l Victor ia a s o om R y R y , l fr

L e t o Lo o w es 8 c es ame e and ith nd n , ith tub in h di t r

1 6 ee on in 1 840 t he B on nie D u ndee w f t l g ; , , ith

es 1 1 c es di ame e an d 1 4 ee o - all tub in h t r f t l ng, of w c a ve e e s a s ac o F om t he a o e hi h g ntir ti f ti n. r b v e am es an d a m e o f o e s was o x pl , nu b r th r , it f und that from 4 t o 6 feet of c ommunicating s urface in tubular b oilers was as effective as 8 or 1 0 feet in c ommo o l e s and a in all a o e s n b i r , th t tubul r b il r it re quire d gre at atte ntion t o be paid t o have ample a e a for a r dr ft. I have in general found it advisable t o have tubes of larger diameter in order t o ensure a good A DM A L T IR Y. 7 7 draft and proper combus tion rather th an tubes of a sma e ame e w the sam e a ea al ou ll r di t r ith r , th gh the a e m c o a m o e ea s ace an d l tt r ight nt in r h ting urf , this more es pecially for vessels inten ded for l on g voyage s o r for general s ervice wh ere bitumino us c oa o ut a oo ea of sm o e m s l , giving g d d l k , u t

e s e It has e en o fr qu ently be u d . b f und by e xperience th at t he quantity o f heat communi cat ed t o the water is fully three times m ore in t he fire - box a in the es t he s aces in th n tub , urf

T s in m o n o oe s n o o e n e a . t b th b i g qu l hi , y pi i n, d aris e s olely from t he greater inte n sity of heat in t he fire - box a s o o m t he ea es n o n , but l fr h t r ti g , or ass a o t he s ace of t he fire - box w a p ing l ng , urf ith owe v e oc a in t he es w c c o ms l r l ity th n tub , hi h nfir what I have advanced in regard t o t he advantage of a e es in e e e ce t o e sma o es l rg tub pr f r n v ry ll n . Subj o ine d are dimension s of tubes which I wo uld consider s uitable for ves sels having a medium length allowe d in t he engine - ro om for bo ilers — 3 c es 7 e e o for 1 50 o se - owe in h tub , f t l ng h r p r.

4- c es 8 e e o for 200 o se - owe in h tub , f t l ng h r p r.

5- c es 9 f 250 o s e - w ee o or o e . in h tub , f t l ng h r p r

6 - c es 1 0 e n for 3 o s e - ow e o 00 e . in h tub , f t l g h r p r

7 - c es 1 1 e for 380 o s e - ow e o e . in h tub , f t l ng h r p r

8 - c e s 1 2 ee on for 400 o s e - owe in h tub , f t l g h r p r. 8 B E T N A P E 7 RO R I R.

Although it may be h eld as an axiom that the greatest amo unt of powe r with the least weight carrie d an d the smallest space occupied by machinery are ben eficial for a

esse s e a e to o e s and v l, thi , wh n ppli d b il r mac e ma e e e ess ac ce be hin ry, y n v rth l in pr ti c arried t o an e xte nt that would b e highly

m o e and o s i pr p r injuri u .

“ For e am e a o e s c on x pl , tubul r b il r , if structe d t o contain only a very small qu antity of water with a ve ry large amount of heating surface an d a very small area of e o and se a a o are for bulliti n p r ti n , unfit

out ea a e a s ea ma n e giving h t in r gul r t dy n r, and of being maintained in a proper state unde r the most skilful and careful arrange me on the c o a a sen nt, but will ntr ry v ry sibly with e very increase or diminution of

h e of the es t e int n sity fir .

“ The o s efiec t is e e ea e injuri u v n gr t r, in

m O o e a t o s eam - e e y pini n , in r g rd t ngin s wh en conce ntrate d in the smallest Space

80 B E T N A P E RO R I R . co s m o s a o the untry, I tru t y L rd will p rd n liberty I take in making a few observations

n d s re t o s a suggestion lative this ubj ect .

I am aware that many e xperienced offi cers an d othe rs conn ecte d with the

Navy are of the opinion that steam - vessels for the purposes of war an d oce an n aviga gation sh ould have the length only equal

o a o fi ve mes the ea of am t b ut ti br dth be .

In so far as the stre ngth of ships is con cerne d the se short proportions may be

e o ec o a e e o e an esse quit un bj ti n bl , but b f r y v l can b e e ntitle d t o be calle d a good s tea mer she o not me e t o be s o ught r ly tr ng, but in every othe r respect t o b e completely suited and adapte d for the particular ser vice on which she is t o be e mployed

My decide d O pinion is that steamers for war and general service naviga ting the ocean should n ever be less in length than

Six times the breadth of their midship sec tion unless some special purpose de A L T Y 1 A DMIR . 8 ma —I a e nds another proportion . h v the o o t o be o mos m e h n ur , Sir, y ur t hu bl

! o e e se a . P IER . b di nt rv nt, R NA

In those days the Admiralty were by no mea s o ee s an d was o a e n pi n r , it nly ft r the diffi culties connected with e xperiment ing had been successfully o vercome in the mercantile marine that what were n o longe r

o e s e e a o e e ffe e n v ltie w r d pt d . A v ry di r nt s a e of ma e s n ow e a s at e a t t tt r pr v il Whit h ll,

e e the o os e c o se 1 s o o e an d wh r pp it ur f ll w d, costly expe rime nts are occasionally resorted

to o e sas o s es s . , ft n with di tr u r ult VI I C H A P T E R .

N E FIELD O US E LA C H .

— — A CQUIS ITION OF LANCEFIELD DEFEATS CLYDE TRUSTEES JAMES A P R—J W D— U D J R D C O N IE OHN OO FO N ING OF OHN EI . — CONNECTION WITH M UIR KI R K I R ON WOR KS LETTER FR OM RD G R B K LO EO GE ENTINC .

IT has been previously me ntione d that there existed an intimate connection be

ee o e and his c o s a a e tw n R b rt u in , D vid N pi r, from whom he had acquired the Camlachie

Foundry Robert was n ow carrying on an e e s e s ess the V ca o s xt n iv bu in in ul n W rk , but finding them too s mall t o ove rt ake the co ac s offe e him he a a a oac e ntr t r d , g in ppr h d

c a ac e s his cousin in a h r t ri tic letter .

W HITEVA LE 7 th N ov. 1 8 5 8 , 3 , R M.

EA R O U N o ce ea ou sa D C SI , I n h rd y y that you would either let or sell your

E 84 ROB E R T N A P I R.

s a me s c t e es and u t he in t l nt , in luding in r t ; d ring oth er five years of t he lease I S hall n ot be at liberty t o s ell it without first offering it t o you . During t he course of t he leas e y ou pay all public

e s — I am ea o s n burd n , d r C u i ,

P ER DA VID N A I .

O n com e o of the a eeme o e pl ti n gr nt, R b rt at once remove d his residence from White

a e to L ancefield o se an d ma b e v l H u , it y n ote d in passin g that he e xercised his right of c ase the s a e me and pur h within tipul t d ti ,

ecame o e 1 841 The a ce b pr pri tor in . L n

field property include d a tidal basin ; and

a e ea s the e s ees a in ft r y r Clyd Tru t , in

e ec o and n ma e eu v ry h t ring bullyi g nn r, deavoured t o a e s a a e e ea t k thi w y, v n thr t o o ce to c ea a e e o e ning f r , whi h thr t N pi r r j in d

a he o e o c th t w uld rep l f rce by for e . They

e e a e a o and the u s o th n ng g d in litig ti n, p h t of the matter was that Napier succeede d

o o e ea em e a in th r ughly d f ting th , g tting s ec a A ct of Pa ame c p i l rli nt, by whi h

86 ROB E RT N A P IE R

a e a an e the of e I h v rr g d, in Spirit tru

’ e s for a o e ease of eac o e s fri nd hip, n th r l h th r se ces for five ea s we are s a e rvi y r , if p r d

o e all is o t geth r so long . If right with b th of u s s o ea t e m a e , it h uld n rly, I hink, t r in t

! th a o s an d ac e a f ou r e l b riou tiv p rt o lives .

His o os ca o s o e e e e so far pr gn ti ti n , h w v r, w r from being fulfille d that he c ontinued actively engage d in business for n early

- five ea s a e s a e thirty y r ft r thi d t .

In those days it was customary t o have e ngagements e xtending over a period of

ea s a s an d o em y r with leading h nd f r e n .

Thus in 1828 Mr Napier had brought

James Thomson from Manchester t o act as ea sm s e an d e for l ding ith , fini h r, turn r a o f ea s He was t o ece e peri d o y r . r iv the sum of £10 t o de fray the expense of conveying his family from Man chester to

f 36 er e o as o and a a e o s. e t Gl g w, w g p w k, be paid fortnightly ; and a formal stamped document was drawn out embodying this LA N CE F E LD 0 US E I H . 87 a eem n m gr ent . A ew engage ent was eu t ered o on 8th e 1 838 ea int Jun , r ding thus

It is hereby agreed between James Thomson and Robert N apier that the said James Thoms on sh all give t he whole of his p ers onal s ervices for t he term of fiv e years from and after this

n t he o e a Ro e N a e t o a e . O d t th r h nd, b rt pi r pay t he s aid Jame s Thoms on a yearly s alary of

1 20 s e w a o s of £5 for e v e £ t rling, ith b nu ry p air of engines that are finish e d an d s et agoing from t he Works of Vulcan an d L an cefield Fo un

r es c omme c w t he o ow en es d i , n ing ith f ll ing gin

’ ’ ’ The Victor ia s F ir e Kin s low- worm s A e , g , G , b r

’ deen and Arran Compan y s engines ; thes e b onuses t o be p aid at t he end of e ach year for all engines s et agoin g and finishe d during t he preceding year ; and we agree t o put this on s am a t p p per.

W tness R N A P ER . i . I

MS O N JA MES THO .

o h m me he e a e eo e Ab ut t e sa e ti ng g d G rg ,

o e of ames omso as o eman br th r J Th n, f r of L ancefield Works on somewhat similar 8 8 ROB E RT N A P IE R . — e ms me omson b and - b ac e t r . Ja s Th y y quir d some ca a and 1 847 he e t pit l, in l f Mr

’ a ier s em o me an d a o N p pl y nt, , l ng with his o e o e the firm of ess s br th r, f und d M r

ames (it e e omso o a e J G org Th n, kn wn ft r wards as the Clydebank Shipbuilding

om a ess s omso emo e e C p ny . M r Th n r v d th ir works from Glasgow t o Clydebank ab out

1 87 0 and the firm has n ow ecome in , b c or orated the oa ee and p with C l, St l,

Armour- plate Company of John Brown

85 Co ffi n d e a e e a . . , Sh ld Clyd b nk

o e e a e o eme ma Alth ugh h lp d by bl f r n, ny of whom afte rwards s truck out for them se es the s e ss e e e a e on lv , bu in d p nd d l rg ly

’ Nap ier s own personal exertions ; an d as he was o e ca e awa his affa s e e ft n ll d y, ir w r

’ His very apt t o get into confusion . wife s ‘ co s o M Int re ose son u in , Mr J hn y (wh , Mr ‘ ames M Int re on e of the o e s of J y , f und r ‘ the firm of a e 85 M Int re was also at N pi r y ,

V ca o had ac e as his ac o m ul n F undry!, t d f t tu

T N A P E 90 ROBE R I R. mit to penalties an d responsibilities in th eir contracts for these boile rs which n o other engineer in the regular course of his

! e s m t o He was business would ev r ub it . a ea a o on o e s an d his e o gr t uth rity b il r , r p rt submitte d t o the Admiralty has already

e t o been referr d .

A patent for a steam- carriage was take n out by him in c onjunction with his Inve r a a co s a a e of o o r y u in , Mr D vid N pi r L nd n , grandfather of the present well - known

' ma e of mo - a A t me how o c s . a k r t r r th t ti , e e the difli cu lt of c o s c a t v r, y n tru ting ligh and sa s ac o o e was s mo a e ti f t ry b il r in ur unt bl , an d the ca a e was n ot a s cc s rri g u es . It may also b e mention e d that James and William Napie r we re among the first to s eame s of o a ma e a e build t r ir n , t ri l th n o e t o b s f r s nly b ginning e u e d o hipbuilding .

N o great induc ement was offe re d t o

ames to e his own s ess e e J giv up bu in , wh r he had o e come the a ffic es and v r initi l di ulti ,

L A N E F E LD 0 US E 91 C I H . in which he had good prospe ct of success ;

e e o a t o his e es o e but b ing v ry l y l ld t br th r, who had a pe rson al ascendan cy over all the mem e s of his am he was e s a e b r f ily, p r u d d to dissolve partn ership with his c ousin and come t o Vulcan Foundry t o take charge of

’ o e s c omme c a affa s The o e s R b rt r i l ir . v r ight of n a c a c o ce n s was a his rate as fi n i l n r h rdly , his bent was mech anical and though over s a o e his o e he was e a s h d w d by br th r, p rh p the mo e a e e e e of th two r bl ngin r e .

While he ende avoure d t o c onfin e him se t o e e a s ess his e ee lf g n r l bu in , ngin ring

s c s occa o a as ms s in tin t si n lly serte d the elve .

Thus at the time when the side - levers in some of the a esse s c ac e an d Cun rd v l r k d,

e the ma a e a e the ca se Eld r, n g r, ttribut d u t o e ec e o s es as the on d f tiv ir n , ugg ting ly re medy that these p onde rous pieces should b e ma e e e of ass e e ma d ntir ly br , th r by king the cos of s e of en e o e t thi typ gin pr hibitiv ,

James Napie r pointe d ou t that the fault 92 B E T N A P E RO R I R. la b ad es du e a o a ce n ot y in d ign, ll w n

a ma for e a s o He re h ving been de xp n i n . p

c e e a es c ac a oo di t d furth r f ilur , whi h tu lly t k

ace an d the en d his s es o s for pl , in ugg ti n

em the e s e e a r edying d fect w r dopted .

a a e a e e o o e At l t r d t , wh n in L nd n, vi w ing the Gr ea t E aster n while She was on the s oc s he a e an o o a the a c t k , g v pini n th t l un h

o not be s c cess as he e so a w uld u ful, p r n lly had experie nce d trouble with launching

esse s oa s d The s a of the v l br d i e . ecret ry com a who n ot a e t o o him p ny, did h pp n kn w , deride d his remarks as the views of an

o a man and he was some a su r ign r nt , wh t

’ prised at Mr Napier s acquaintan ce with Mr Scott Russell when the latter cordially

e come him A s is e h w l d . w ll kn own t e

a c was s ccess o e a s l un h un u ful, tr ubl ri ing e ac the wa a e had a c a x tly in y N pi r nti ip ted .

e e e the acc e he c o n ot Whil r gr tting id nt, uld

’ o e the sec e a s c and the f rg t r t ry in ivility, paragraph an n ouncing it was promptly cut

E 94 ROB E RT N A P I R.

1 88 and ea the e eme s of his ro in 7 , l rnt l nt p f ion om his a e who was a s ess fr f th r, hip

- s o a e to builder in Port Gla g w . With vi w a cquiring the be st knowle dge of his trade h e t o a cas e e a s e w nt L n t r, th n hipbuilding c e e and se e e a B oc e a ntr , rv d und r Mr r kl b nk

e a s e e was an e es n for two y r . Th r int r ti g parallel betwe e n his e arly days an d those

’ f a e as o n t o his a e s o David N pi r, , wi g f th r

a 1 81 1 he had to e a e the d e th in , und rt k

s of c o s c the Comet c his t a k n tru ting , whi h

c a He sub father had ontr cte d to build . s equently built a great number of river s eame s e e a a e an d t r ngin d by D vid N pi r, afte rwards steamers for deep - sea navigation e n e o e a e the a es of gin d by R b rt N pi r, l rg t

h a s eame E ur o a these being t e Cun rd t r p .

oo e ossess the mos Mr W d, whil p ing t

m e a a me s was of a e mo es e in nt tt in nt , v ry d t

s os o He was the mos and retiring di p iti n . t celebrated builder of wooden ships of his t me his esse s e s ec a s o i , v l b ing p i lly tr ng,

96 B E T E RO R N A P I R.

die d in 1 860 in the seventy - third year of

hi a s ge .

O ne of the fe w e nterprises outside his

o wn business with which Robert Napier

was conn ected was the Muirkirk Iron

om a c he o e 1834 C p ny, whi h j in d in , Mr

Ewing of Strathle ven being then the

chief proprie tor of the works .

Lord George Bentin ck was man orial

o of the es a e and e on l rd Muirkirk t t , b ing

ma e e ms A ssheton m inti t t r with Mr S ith,

’ he took a special interest in his friend s ac s o of s a es the om a and qui iti n h r in C p ny,

him a e e s on th s wrote sever l l tt r e ubj ect .

His views on the purchase were expressed in the following letter

R UR US Ma rch 5 1834. HA CO T HO E, ,

SIR — I a e t o a o o s e t o ou for n ot a n , h v p l gi y h vi g

ac o w e e t he o o of o as e sooner kn l dg d h n ur y ur l t l tter. The fact is I h ave been s o mu ch engage d with t he business of Parliament and of my constituents that

I ea a had no m t o a e t o m own r lly h ve ti e tt nd y . LA N CE I E LD 0 US E F H . 97

Since I received your letter I have spoken with

Mr Ew who a ees t o os o e all e ing , gr p tp n furth r discussion of the s ubj ect till we can all meet in

ow at the end of A or e of Ma t n pril b ginning y . I h ear from Kilmarnock that you and Mr

am to a e met and a ou av e a so e H il n h v , th t y h b lut ly

’ purchas ed Mr Yu ill s share for a price e quivalent t f r th w o e I s ce e s ou o o e h l . in r ly tru t y ma n ot find a ou a a t o M y th t y h ve p id o dearly . y valuer estimate d t he materials of the work at

’ 2 1 s 2d an d t he om a s es ma e £6 81 8 . . , , C p ny ti t did n e 89 l 6 s 2d The s o mo ar ot cee £7 0 . . e x d , t n , rt ,

c and woo - wo of co se are wo o bri k , d rk ur rth n thing t o s e w a e e e ma a e cos in the ll , h t v r th y y h v t o i a e ec o Of co s e e e o e had t he rig n l r ti n . ur , th r f r , wo s ee a a 2d wo o e £7 089 l 6 s . . rk b n b nd n d , , uld have b een the outside price that t he Company co uld have obtaine d for t he works ; an d it is

e e o e all a ou S o a e a for em th r f r th t y h uld h v p id th . It is true th at when I stated this t o Mr Ewing that gentleman threw ou t a hint that he would batter down the walls with a park of artill ery

rather than sell them standing for t he breaking - up price but I need not say that he must have been

in o e and c o not a e ee in ea es for j k uld h v b n rn t , c onsid ering the fatal effects of such a cours e of conduct upon the e xistence of his old s ervants the 98 B E T N A P RO R IE R.

’ om a s wo me he m s av e ee wo se C p ny rk n, u t h b n r

a an A ca sa a e or a M sco e a a a th n fri n v g u vit b rb ri n ,

—in ac he m s a e ee a e ca a e f t, u t h v b n d vil in rn t t o have entertained s eriously for one moment S O m a o But Mr Ew is ro onstrous th ught . ing p verbiall a wa m - ea e man w a o s e y r h rt d , ith p li h d m and o f co s e e e o e as I sa e o e ind , ur , th r f r , id b f r ,

in o he was merely j ke . N ow in re ference t o my mention t o y ou in a former letter that Mr Ewing had represented the profits of t he Muirkirk Iron Works t o have been in t wo separate years once an d t he oth er time you will reco llect that I did not

ua r a ntee the a ct I o a a ee the s ta te g f , nly gu r nt d ment b Mr E win o f s c t h ac W y g u h being e f t. ith

es ec t o the ac se of co se as I was n ot r p t f t it lf, ur , at a me ma o a o of ose wo s I co th t ti n ri l l rd th rk , uld

f m o wn n ow w o And o y k ledge kno n thing . it is fair t o s ay that I am inclined t o be of opinion

a Mr Ew is a t t o his ees e swa s th t ing p think g n , and es ec a on a a c a occas o w e p i lly th t p rti ul r i n h n, in trying t o pers uade me t o give for the works t o t he real intrinsic and bon a fid e value of w c I a e a o e e e e I ea do e e e hi h h v b v r f rr d , r lly b li v he talked and wrote n ot me but himself into b elieving that t he whole concern had been much

P V CHA TER III .

A T A N T I C N A I A T I N L V G O .

— EAR LY ATTEMPTS LETTER TO MR P ATR ICK WA L L A C E fi P R OPO S AL — FALLS THR OUGH INCEPTION OF B R ITISH A N D AMER ICAN — — — COMPANY ENGINES BRI TIS H QUE EN RESULTS FA ILURE P OF COM ANY .

IT is now incumbent on u s to Show the

part that Robert Napier took in the

ce o of a c s eam a a o in pti n Atl nti t n vig ti n .

Hitherto what he had undertake n t o do had een s ccess accom s e and b u fully pli h d,

his work had bee n characterised by great

thoroughness ; but at the same time it

must be remembered that n early all the

vessels had been built for short distance

a a e s run s in compar tively quiet w t r .

Wh en he undertook the contract for the

Dundee boats he said he had a purpose in A TLA N I N A V A TI N 1 01 T C IG O .

e an d e e can be e o a s vi w, th r littl d ubt th t thi o ec wa am bj t s t o build an Atlantic ste er . Between Britain and America there was at this time a regular and increasing

a e co c e sa - ac e s tr d ndu t d by iling p k t .

1 81 9 the S a vann ah a sma sa In , ll iling s of 350 o s a a a es hip t n , with uxili ry p ddl , came across from Ame rica t o this country

m e sa a e s ea c e . p rtly und r t , but hi fly und r il

Her e o ma ce o e e was c o s e e p rf r n , h w v r, n id r d so un satisfactory that her engines were

a en ou t the o o ea and t k in f ll wing y r, up t o the end of 1 832 n o further attempt was ma e t o c os s eam d r s by t .

In August 1 833 the R oya l Willi am s eame o e om e ec o t o t d v r fr Qu b , but pri r this date the subj e ct of trans - Atlantic navi gati on had been fully dealt with by Napier .

In the beginning of 1 833 he was con sulted by Mr Patrick Wall ace of Lond on regarding a regular service of steam - vessels

e e oo n d N ew o and b twixt Liv rp l a Y rk, 1 02 ROB E RT N A P IE R

his e a e 3rd of a ea r ply, d t d April th t y r,

is s o e The e e is a o on e ubj in d . l tt r l ng ,

but we reproduce it in it s e ntire ty as

Showin g how carefully Napier had studie d

the o em all its ea s and a a pr bl in b ring , wh t

clear conception he had of the whole situa

o of the e eme s of the a e and ti n , r quir nt tr d , the s e s ee and s e of the esse s iz , p d, tr ngth v l n ecessa for s ccess s o ecas is all ry u . Thi f r t the mo e ema a e as he had o n t o r r rk bl , n thi g

e him and the O o s of o esse guid , pini n pr f d experts such as Dr Dionysius Lardner were no o t en c uraging .

VU U DR A S O W LCAN FO N Y, GL G ,

3rd A ril 1 833 p .

EAR S IR — I am so a has ee D , rry th t it b n out of m o e t o e ou soo e y p w r writ y n r .

now se ou m o o some I nd y y pini n, with remarks about the proposed speculation for establishing steam- vessels b e twixt Liver

oo and N ew o an es ma e of p l Y rk, with ti t the probable cost of fitting out and sailing

ese esse s Be o e o o e a s th v l . f r g ing int d t il ,

1 04 B E T N A P E RO R I R. the s ec a o e s o ma e p ul ti n, th y h uld k up their minds t o meet with strong O pposition and o f c es for a s o me ther di fi ulti h rt ti .

But if they enter upon it with a deter mination t o meet opposition and difli culties

s e an d t o o e come . em e pirit dly, v r th , th n I have not the smallest doubt upon my own mind but that in a very short time it will b e one of the best an d most luc rative

s esses in the co o e a a s bu in untry, pr vid d lw y that the Company set out right at first by having first - class vessels fully suited f r h a e a m o t e tr d in every dep rt e nt . I am aware that in getting u p the firs t of these vessels great care an d attention will b e necessary t o gain the diflerent o ec s e and o s an e a bj t in vi w, in d ing thi xtr e e se ma be c e c ma xp n y in urr d, but whi h y

o all the o e esse s be av ided in th r v l . If

f & c ar a the ac ca c es . e pr ti l di fi ulti , , f irly s mo e the s esse s — and c ur unt d in fir t v l , whi h

a e n o o e ma —the s I h v d ubt but th y y, fir t A TLA N TI N A V A TI N 1 05 C IG O . cost and sailing expen ses of the two first vessels ought n ot so much to b e taken

o acco ac cons e as int unt . In f t, I id r it n othing compare d with having them so ef c e as t o set all o os o at e a ce fi i nt pp iti n d fi n , and to give e ntire confiden ce to the public in all e a a eme s an d a o me s th ir rr ng nt pp int nt , c ost what it may at first ; for upon this

e en s e e the s ccess na the d p d ntir ly u , y,

e e s e ce of the om a v ry xi t n , C p ny . “ I wish it therefore t o be impresse d upon the minds of your frie nds the gre at n ecessity of using e very precaution that can be thought of t o guard against acci

e s on s c a o assa e and d nt u h l ng p g , if acc e s s o a e t o be e a e id nt h uld h pp n , pr p r d with a reme dy t o meet any c ommon on e

a ma f B occ as ar as oss e . th t y ur, p ibl y attendin g t o this you will give confidence t o the c and com o t o o se e s publi f rt y ur lv , and in the en d I am c ertain it will more

a e a ou th n r p y y . 1 06 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

The plan I would propose with regard t o the whole of the engin eer department is : I would ende avour t o get a very

es ec a e man an d on e o o con r p t bl , th r ughly versant with his busin ess as an enginee r ;

I would appoint this man t o b e maste r e ee his t o s e e an d ngin r, duty up rint nd direct all the men and operation s about the es nd & c t b ac o e a o e s . o e c ngin b il r , , unt

h n hi — z a e t o t e ca a for s c o c vi . bl pt i ndu t , t o be e the ca a the o e und r pt in . All th r men for working the engines should b e

e a e a esme and all the eme r gul r br d tr d n, fir n

o e - ma e s o s o a c om b il r k r . A w rk h p, with plet e set of tools and duplicates of all the parts of the engin es that are most likely t o s b o o o e on oa . a g wr ng, h uld b rd In

o o a e e e co ec e w rd, I w uld h v v rything nn t d with the machine ry very str ong and of the

es ma e a s e of the mos b t t ri l , it b ing ut t

m o a ce to e co e ce at s for i p rt n giv nfid n fir t, should the slightest accident happen so as to preve nt the vessel making her passage

1 08 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

In the e stimate I have made of the probable cost of such vessels as will suit

o ose a e o e to y ur purp , I h v th ught it prud nt make a conside rable allowance for e xtras t th tw s esse s— a e con o e o . fir t v l viz , I h v side red the vessels completely ready for sea e e on oa ecessa , with v rything b rd n ry for the esse an d mac e —viz sa s v l hin ry , il ,

a c o s ca es ca e rigging, n h r , bl , bin furnitur com e e e es an d mac e d pl t , ngin hin ry upli ca es oo s on a s for c oa s an d a e t , t l , ir t nk l , w t r t o m the esse In a o e e n tri v l . w rd, v rythi g com e e for the a sa pl t p s ge .

om an ofli cial oc me a e Fr d u nt I h v , I find that the number of passengers th at have left the Clyde for two years is as under “

For N ew York

In t he ea 1 831 1 336 asse e s and y r , p ng r ;

In t he ea 1 832 1 6 2 ass s 7 e e . y r , p ng r

For t he B s o o es in N Ame ca riti h C l ni . ri

In t he ea 1 831 306 2 asse e s y r , p ng r

In t he ea 1 832 32 3 ass e e s 7 . y r , p ng r A TL A N T N A VI A TI N 1 IC G O . 09

To the above may be added all that leave

f r om the s c o o de & c . o thi untry bt, Fr N rth of e a — Be as an d o o e Ir l nd viz . , lf t L nd nd rry — a very great number of passe ngers go

an d o es annually t o the States Col ni . A great proporti on of them could n ot aff ord t o go by steam ; still there would be a n m e a o o u b r th t w uld g .

“ I have mislaid the docume nt I had for the average number of passengers that

e a sa om e oo e e ee r gul rly il fr Liv rp l v ry w k .

am o e e a e ec a o of a I , h w v r, in d ily xp t ti n co ec s of the m e of the s s rr t li t nu b r hip ,

c of an u se to ou whi h , if I think y y , I will

You n o o are a a e a h send it . d ubt w r th t t e best time for p assengers is the Spring an d

’ a of the ea O ne of the Pac e s s f ll y r . k t hips last fall had £1800 of passage - mon ey f r om

N ew o The two as s s t a sa e Y rk . l t hip h t il d from Live rpool had about £1 000 each of

assa e - mo e a a e 35 eas p g n y . C bin f r , guin to N ew York and 30 t o Liverpool ; fine 1 1 0 B E T N A P E RO R I R .

oo 1 r o Pac a es s s . e o . e s e g d , p f t A k t hip l v

e oo e e Bes es th e a Liv rp l every w k . id e r gul r

Pac e s s a o 1 7 0 esse s a e a n k t hip , b ut v l v r gi g

400 tons each have left Liverpool for N ew

York from the 1 st March 1 832 to the 1 st

a c 1 833 and the same me a o M r h , in ti b ut

90 ve ssels about the same burde n have left

e oo for N ew O ea s ma a o a Liv rp l rl n , king t t l of 26 0 s s om e oo c all hip fr Liv rp l, whi h ca mo e or ess asse e s a m e of rry r l p ng r , nu b r whom I have no doubt would go by steam

a es s were it on ce f irly tabli he d .

Suppos ed cost of a firs t - class steam - ship complete

an d ea for sea w e e on oa r dy , ith v rything b rd, 800 tons and 300 horse power

’ n n un at 1 0 ears rc ase 0 0 Si ki g f d, y pu h I nsurance ( supposed! 0 0

oals for 6 assa es rom L ver oo su G p g f i p l, p posmg the dist an ce 31 68 miles at 6

’ m es er o r ! 22 a s assa e con il p h u d y p g ,

2 ! 6 sumpt of coal per horse 5 c wt . 60

ons for the 22 a s and sa 6 tr s t d y , y ip

rom L ver oo er ann m 660 x 6 f i p l p u ,

3960 tons at 88 . 0 0

1 1 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

V ct a n the crew 37 in n um er at i u lli g , b , 1 s 6d er da on an avera e 900 . . p y g £

Annual tot al amoun t of wages Annual total amount of expenses against vessel brought forward

Total gross expen ses per annum

w x n s vera e ee e e se £35 . A g kly p , 7

Supposed re venue S ay 6 trips per annum from Liverpool

w t 1 00 assen ers eac t r at i h p g , h ip £30 each 0 0

S a 6 tr s rom N ew Yor w t 50 y ip f k , i h passengers at £30 0 0

Sa 6 t r s rom L ver oo w t 50 y ip f i p l , i h tons of fine goods at £3 per t on 900 0 0

S a 6 t r s rom N ew Yor w t 1 50 y ip f k, i h

f oo t 2 900 0 0 t ons o g ds a 03.

Su ppos ed gross revenue 0 0 Total gross expen diture brought over 0 0

Annual profit on each vessel 0 0

om all can e am co ce Fr I judg , I nvin d the number of passengers that are likely t o go regularly are rather unde r than

o e s a e e ec to be a e v r t t d, but I xp t bl in N A V A T N 1 A TL A N TI C IG IO . 1 3 a few days t o form a more correct

es i ma e of h t t t e whole . “ I hope you will e xcuse me putting

ou t o so m c os a e ea y u h p t g , but r lly I

a u short e h ve n ot time t o write yo a l tter . “ s a b e a to ea om ou an d I h ll gl d h r fr y ,

am ea o s e , d r Sir, y ur v ry truly,

O BERT A P E R R N I .

E s T o R K W . PAT IC ALLACE , q ,

! on on L d .

N0 bus iness resulte d with Mr Wallace

an d his e s an d the o ec e o fri nd , pr j t f ll thr ugh

om of s fr lack fund .

A proposal was made t o Mr Napie r that he should put his ideas into practice and build a large ste amer on speculation ; but

while he gave the matte r con sideration he

came t o the conclusion that the risk attend

s a e o be t oo a ing uch v nture w uld gre t .

His vie w was that the hull should b e about

220 ee o 40 ee eam and he f t l ng, with f t b ;

H 1 1 4 B E T N A P E RO R I R. estimated the cost of such a vessel with

a e e es t o b e a o £50 er t on l rg ngin b ut p . It may be noted that these dime nsions we re approach ed in the Gr ea t Wes ter n (the first

esse t o c oss o re - coa and e x v l r with ut ling!, c eeded the case of the B ritis h ueen in Q , which measure d 245 feet long by 40 feet

am be . An opportunity soon thereafte r afforde d itself of showing what he could do on

h 1 836 the B an t e Atlantic . In ritish d

American Steam Navigation Company was

o me a ca a of s e f r d , with pit l t r

Mr ac e o a om ling . M gr g r L ird, with wh

a e was ma e oo a om e N pi r inti t , t k pr in nt

a the o ma o of s om a and p rt in f r ti n thi C p ny, was a o e sec e a The om a pp int d r t ry . C p ny

eso e to o e a a e s eame and r lv d rd r l rg t r, Mr

a e e e o e o a o s a e L ird nt r d int n g ti ti n with N pi r, who offe e t o s the e es c r d upply ngin , whi h

e e of s a e at £50 er om a w r unu u l Siz , p n in l

se - o e and to oo a t e the hor p w r , l k f r building

1 1 6 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

o of o o a e oo ca e t o Y ung L nd n , but N pi r t k r

give the builders special directions as t o the

strength an d fastening of the engine keel

s - m & so a hi ma o s a e ea s c . s n , p ddl b , , th t chinery should be rigid ; an d it was said

a a e e e se m ea the th t wh t v r l ight br k up,

part connecte d with the e ngines would

s c o e e —a ac c was o ti k t g th r, f t whi h br ught

home to the ultimate pu rch asers of the

esse e e sma her v l wh n th y di ntled .

The B ritish ueen c cos Q , whi h t s e was a ma ce s eame and t rling, gnifi nt t r, m a h a oa uch l rger than t e e arly Cun rd b ts .

There was a very bitter feeling raised that such a fin e vessel built on the Thames sh ould be e e co a an d an ac mo o s ngin d in S tl nd, ri ni u corresponde nce on the subj ect was carried

’ on for a long time in the Mechanics M aga

’ “ e e the ea of o o versus zin , und r h ding L nd n ! — o - ma e es an a em t e C untry d Engin , tt p b ing

h co a o made to decry t e Scottish ntr ct r .

’ “ ! a ier s mo o was ee s n ot Wo s N p tt D d , rd ,

1 1 8 B E T N A P E RO R I R. in 14 to 15 a s s es m e s e d y . Thi ti at d pe d was accomplishe d on service with a daily co s m o of o o s of coa n u pti n f rty t n l .

She was a c e Ma 1 838 and se l un h d in y , nt round at on ce t o the Clyde to receive her machine ry ; but from various causes she did n ot make her first voyage till 1 2th July

1 839 sa on a a e om ea , iling th t d t fr Spith d with a full complement of goods an d

as se e s Sh ma e the assa e 1 5 p ng r . e d p g in 4

’ a s her es a s s eam e 240 d y , b t d y t ing b ing

o s kn t .

The details of the performan ce of what was e co s e n a c e o th n n id red a Atl nti gr yh und,

o 5 1 e are e s o at h . ess with b il r w rking pr ur ,

e es and we s m an e ac om int r ting, ub it xtr t fr

’ the e ee s lo a c a s of the ngin r g, giving p rti ul r

’ vessel s fourth voyage from N ew York to London A TLA N T N A V A TI N 1 1 9 IC IG O .

’ E RI I H UE N N GIN E E B S L oo P. S . B T S . , Q E

Dist ance . per hour

T otal numb er o f re volutions from N ew York t o

Po smo o a a of coa s rt uth , t t l qu ntity l ,

6 1 3 o s 1 6 cwt L e N ew Yo 1 st A i t n . ft rk pr l

P M a e at S ea l 6 th A 1 840 . . ; rriv d pith d pril

at 6 R M .

The British and American Company o riginally contemplate d building two ves se s me ca an d two s co l in A ri in thi untry, an d they intende d t o run steamers twi ce

a - mo t o N ew o s a a e a e nth Y rk , t rting lt rn t ly

o s from London an d Live rpo l . With thi 1 20 B E T N AP E RO R I R. view they ordered the P resident and ano e s eame an d o ose o ow th r t r, pr p d f ll ing with similar large vessels ; but the advent of the subsidised Cunard Line and the loss of the P r es ident c sa e om N ew , whi h il d fr York in 1 841 and was never again heard

f h s t o end a e o ca se t e e e e . , u d nt rpri in f ilur

1 22 B E T N A P E RO R I R. comm ca o e ee the two co en s uni ti n b tw n ntin t , the same subj ect was being con sidere d from a different point of view by a promi

e a a a am e a ose n nt C n di n , Mr S u l Cun rd, wh attention was directed t o the matter by the successful tran s - Atlantic p assage made by the small Quebec - built steamer R oyal

l am a o a was Wi li lready referred t . Cun rd desc ende d from a family of Pilgrim

Fathers who had emigrate d t o America in the early part of the seventeenth c en

nd se P en tury a ttled in hiladelphia . Wh the Unite d States declared their independ e c e the a am was o a to n , Cun rd f ily l y l it s B s a on s and emo e to riti h tr diti , r v d m 1 788 a a e e a e was o . H lif x, wh r S u l b rn in

Afte r serving an apprentice ship in a

’ merchant s office he obtaine d a partner s in a Bos o s firm c hip t n hipping , whi h conduc te d a service be tween Halifax and “ a em o on the a e Engl nd, pl ying tr d tub

! “ ! e esse s e o n as cof s lik v l wid ly kn w fin , S t r . r f} G a h a m Gilber t , K. S . A .

O BERT A P ER 1 8 . R N I . 45

1 24 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

f h am M lvill o t e om a es . e C p ny, Mr J C , regarding the building of steamers for

h o e ce Melvill was t e pr posed s rvi . Mr on ma e e ms o e a e inti t t r with R b rt N pi r, who had supplie d his Company with the

B erenice and o e esse s and he s o l th r v l , tr ng y

’ advise d Cunard t o put himself in Napier s

a s h nd .

cco on 25th e a 1 839 we A rdingly, F bru ry , find that Cunard formally opene d n egotia

o s o his a e s ess s am ti n thr ugh g nt , M r Willi

Kidston o s of as o to S n , Gl g w, writing them as follows

P D 25th ebrua r 1 839 ICCA ILLY, F y .

DEA R S RS —I S a e e on e or t wo s eam I , h ll r quir t

oa s of 3 0 o s e - owe and a o 8 o s b t 0 h r p r b ut 00 t n . I am told that Messrs Woo d N apier are highly

es ec a e e s and e t o be e a e t o r p t bl build r , lik ly n bl d

an e a eme e ma e e o W fulfil y ng g nt th y y nt r int . ill you be s o good as t o ask them the probable sum for which they would engage t o furnish me with thes e boats in all respects ready for s ea in twelve months from this time ? I am told that t he C UN A RD MP A N Y 1 2 CO . 5

London is a ' fin e ess e an d a o t he d escri v l , b ut p tion of vessel that I might require ; but I have

n ot s ee her I s a wa es e esse s t o be n . h ll nt th v l

of t he e es es c o and t o ass a v ry b t d ripti n, p thorough inspection and examination of t he

A m a I wa a a an d c om o a e oa d ir lty . nt pl in f rt bl b t , n ot th a cessa e e s e for S w e l e st unne ry xp n h o . I

e e a wo in t he ca and w sa e pr f r pl in rk bin , it ill v a a e amo in t he cos If I find s l rg unt t . the e

e eme are e t o mee m w s es I w l g ntl n lik ly t y i h , i l imme diately proce e d t o Glasgow and make t he

e a m s w em I s a a so n cessary arr nge ent ith th . h ll l require t wo or three boats o f 1 50 h ors e - po wer : perhaps they will say the probable cost of a boat of s a e s e com e e for s ea w a a thi l tt r iz , pl t , ith pl in

ca &c & c . S . UN AR D bin , . , C ,

A t the ene ral Minin A s soc iat ion G g ,

W I S T N M es srs K D O S S. . ON

Possibly Cun ard may have been ac

’ qu ainted with the n ature of Napier s pro

osals for a c s eame s at an a e p Atl nti t r ; y r t , it is t o be note d tha t the Size an d powe r of the boats he mentions are exactly those

e on a e his e e e fix d by N pi r in l tt r, writt n 1 26 BE T N A P IE RO R R.

1 833 to Pa c a ace as the in , Mr tri k W ll minimum h o ecomme e w uld r nd .

’ To Messrs Kidston s inquiry Napier replied at on ce

VULOA N U DR 28th ebrua r 1 8 39 FO N Y, F y .

EN T EMEN e t o o G L , In r ply y ur inquiry as to whether it is my practice t o contract an d supply companies with ste am - vessels

s e an d com e e ea for sea an d fini h d pl t d r dy , whether I am at present in a position to undertake the construction an d delivery of two or more vessels so as t o have them

ea e e mo s om s a e r dy in tw lv nth fr thi d t , and the c ost of st eam - vessels about 800

o s and 300 o se - o e has ee for t n h r p w r, it b n many years past my practice to c ontract with companies to Supply them with

m- esse s ea for sea stea v l r dy .

In this way I supplied the Dundee

om a eo e ca Es Shipping C p ny (G rg Dun n , q . , — Chairman! with three steam - vessels the

1 28 B E T N A P E RO R I R .

From the great accommodation I have for o o c o at ese e d ing w rk, I uld pr nt und r take t o build an d finish in twelve months

two or mo e s eam- esse s e e a o e r t v l , w r I f v ur d

so The c s with the order on . o t of th ese vessels depends on so many different things that it is hardly possible to name a price for them without kn owing more about them than y ou have communicated

o m a e o e em as low a t e . I h v d n th s

£35 per t on of total me asurement of the

esse and a e ot a o e £50 er ton v l , I h v g b v p

m o ma o for so e e s . e e s a e th r I y, h w v r, t t

a oo esse s war r a nted to s a an th t g d v l , t nd y in spection an d give entire satisfaction

o as to the esse and mac e b th v l hin ry, cannot be done for less than from £40 t o £42 er t on — s for the esse ea p , thi v l r dy for sea cab ns sa s a c o s , with i , il , rigging, n h r ,

ca es & c . bl ,

If your friend is really in want of vessels I shall be happy to go to London

T N A P E 1 30 ROB E R I R. — explan ation s via : The first application that was made t o me about these vessels was through M essrs William Kidston 85

o s an d on the 28th e a 1 839 S n , F bru ry I wrote them a le tter for the information of

a and s a e a esse s war Mr Cun rd, t t d th t v l ranted to stand in spection c anno t b e done

s a £40 t o £42 er t on ome for les th n p . S short time afte r this Mr Cunard came t o

Glasgow an d waite d upon me at my h ouse

85 for esse of 80 ec ca o s c . s 0 with Sp ifi ti n , , v l

o s and 300 o s e— o e for c he t n h r p w r, whi h

s e an o fe om me to b e s e wi h d f r fr , fini h d in a plain sub stantial mann er ; and se eing th a t he was prepare d at on ce to give me an o e m e ms e ase him at rd r if y t r pl d , I

sa at the a e of £40 er t n His onc e id r t p o . reply was that he con sidered it fair and

easo a e as he had ee esse s r n bl , but thr v l all of on e size (an d that similar t o what

I had in h ands for the City of Glasgow

eam - Pac e om a he sa oo St k t C p ny!, id if I t k N A D MP A N Y 1 31 C U R CO .

or e ac of the esse s he o f h v l , w uld

h m s give me the order before e left e . Thi

I agree d t o as per the missive letter sent

!

ou acce e an d s e a . y , pt d ign d by Mr Cun rd

This was the first arran gement for the

a a s eame s an d b e o se e H lif x t r , it will b rv d that it was c omplete d at the first meeting that took place b etwee n Mr Cun ard an d

a e N pi r .

Busin ess requ1 r1ng his atte ntion in

o o a at o c e e so L nd n , Mr Cun rd n w nt uth , leaving instruction s to get c opie s of plan s and s c ca o s ea for his o a pe ifi ti n r dy appr v l .

He returne d t o Glasgow for this purp ose

th 1 2 a c his ah about e th M r h . During se ce o e e a e had ee e ec n , h w v r, N pi r b n r fl ting on the o e o em and had come t o wh l pr bl , the con clusion that unless the vessels we re m ade larger they would n ot b e successful .

He urge d Cun ard very strongly t o increase the me s o s he was mos e c a di n i n , but t r lu t nt 1 32 B E N A P E RO RT I R. t o e his co se as the e e se a a me giv n nt, xp n l r d

m n the o e hi . a e o a ea e N pi r, th r h nd, dr d d failure and the course he adopted t o avert

s can es be o his own wo s thi b t t ld in rd , taken from the lette r we have already

e quot d .

I said t o Mr Cun ard that if he paid for the alteration of the vessel an d work c o ec e e e c o nn t d th r with, whi h I th ught, if

o e o e a o m be o e for pr p rly g n b ut, ight d n the above sum that I would then make him a pre sent of all my part of the

o for the e a e s e of esse s He w rk nl rg d iz v l . at once saw the great benefit to be deri ve d to him om s a an emen and acco fr thi rr g t, rd ingly the contract of 1 8th March 1 839 was

! aw u t dr n o .

This contract stipulated for steamers of

96 0 o s e es of 375 and t n , with ngin N the price was fixe d at for each

esse v l .

1 34 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

It being customary in ou r Scotch con tracts t o n ame arbiters t o settle any difie r cucos that may arise b etween the con

ac a es oo the e of tr ting p rti , I t k lib rty

u o T h naming yo t Mr Cunard . o this e a o e gree d at nc . “ I hope you will e xcuse this liberty on the faith you are n ot t o b e troubled furthe r

a com o s and a a th n ing d wn, I tru t , t king sa in one f the e sse s t o il up o v l o Lond n .

“ I am of opini on Mr Cunard has got a

oo co ac and a he ma e a g d ntr t, th t will k

' oo n of om the a ofl g d thi g it . Fr fr nk hand mann e r in which he c ontracte d wit h me a e e him the esse s c ea and , I h v giv n v l h p,

I am certain th ey will be good an d ve ry s o s s tr ng hip . “ I can only again rep eat my obligatio ns t o ou for o ess and am ea y y ur kindn , , d r

o s a A P ER Sir, y ur f ithfully, R . N I .

M V L E s JA E . EL IL M S C , q ,

ecretar The onourabl e as t In ia om an S y, H E d C p y . N A D MP A N Y 1 C U R CO . 35

Whe n Cunard arrive d in London he at

onc e put himself in communica tion with

the o e me and o me em a G v rn nt, inf r d th wh t

he had a an e O n the 21 st a c he rr g d . M r h

wrote t o Napie r

The A dmiralty an d Treas ury are highly pleas ed

w t he S e of t he oa s I av e e c e ith iz b t . h giv n r dit

w e e is du e t o ou and Mr Woo I a e h r it y d . h v pledged myself th at th ey S hall be the fines t and

es oa s e e in c b t b t v r built this ountry. You hav e n o idea of t he prejudice o f s ome o f o u r E s e s I a e had s ev era offe s ngli h build r . h v l r from Liverp o ol an d this place ; and wh en I h ave replied that I hav e contracte d in S cotland the y

a a s a Yo u w n e e a e s s a a inv ri bly y , ill ith r h v ub t nti l

! w n or m in me The A m a ork co plete d ti . d ir lty agree with m e in o pinion that t he boats will be as

oo as in s c o and I a e ass e g d if built thi untry, h v ur d t em ou w e t o me h y ill ke p ti .

Again on the 25th March he wrote

Am I n ot right in s aying y ou are t o giv e me e v ery thing upon the be st an d mos t improve d E N A P E 1 36 ROB RT I R.

O n 27th M arch Napier replie d t o

Cunard

I am in receipt of your e steeme d

5 h was le tters of 21 st an d 2 t current . I quite prepare d for your being be set with all the schemers of eve ry description in the country and in this stage of the

s ess an d t o sta e a bu in , think it right t th t

I cannot an d will not admit of anything being done or introduce d into these engin es but what I am satisfie d with is sound an d oo a o a n ot a g d . In w rd, I Sh ll p y the least atte ntion t o any scheme but — ‘ a a e e on . ou r en ines th t I h v fix d viz , y g will be ma de simila r i n construction to those

’ I a m a t r esent ma kin to the A dmi r a lt p g y .

“ ’ Hall s conden sers cann ot be allowed if it was on n o other ground but that of

me as o be ac a m oss e ti , it w uld tu lly i p ibl for me to meet your time and adopt his

a e so and o n m o e pl n . Ev ry lid kn w i pr v

N A P E 1 38 ROB E RT I R.

s To o osa creasing the ve ssel . this pr p l

a e a ea ear as he was u n Cun rd turn d d f ,

t o c e e e se mo e willing in ur furth r xp n , r especially as the Admiralty and Treasury

d sse ems e sa s ha expre d th elv s ti fied .

e o n the ma e t o Melvill M nti ni g tt r Mr , and eco his as o e e e ce r unting Gl g w xp ri n ,

Cunard state d in cidentally that the A d miralt e e ease the s y w r pl d with Ship , but that Napie r con sidered them still too sma and was a a s o os a e ll, lw y pr p ing l rg r

oa s Melvill e e sse the o o b t . Mr xpr d pini n that to e n sure s ucce ss the adoption of

’ a ier s e s was m e a e as he was N p vi w i p r tiv , the e a a o on s eam a a o gr t uth rity t n vig ti n , an d kn ew much more about the subj ect

a the m th n Ad iralty .

Cunard rej oin e d that while he valued

’ a ier s a ce a e oa ts mea mo e N p dvi , l rg r b nt r mo e c he co n ot a fo as he n y, whi h uld f rd, had been disapp ointe d in getting his stock taken up and e ve n the offer of the age ncy N A D MP A N Y 1 3 C U R CO . 9 to his c o es o e s e ss s Kidston had rr p nd nt , M r , not induce d them t o participate In his e e se nt rpri .

Melvill stron gly advised him t o go n orth again and place the matter fully before

a e as he o he o be a e N pi r, th ught w uld bl t o ass st him his difli culties and a i in , Cun rd at on ce adopte d this sugge stion .

Another meeting took place at Lance

fi eld o se at c a e a e H u , whi h Mr Cun rd xpl in d the os o and a e a e co s e p iti n, N pi r, ft r n id r a o sa he o he co e ti n, id th ught uld h lp him in his difficulty

A s a ea me o e he was on e of lr dy nti n d, the founders of the City of Glasgow Steam

Pac e om an ose s eame s e k t C p y, wh t r pli d t o e oo The om a was ma a e Liv rp l . C p ny n g d in Glasgow by Me ssrs Thomson 85 Mac

’ o e and e oo a ier s C nn ll, in Liv rp l by N p

e M Iv r fri nd Mr David ac e .

Thinking that those inte reste d in local

Shipping would risk something in an ocean 1 4 B E T N A P E 0 RO R I R.

e e he so e his e s an d o e v ntur , und d fri nd th r

co - a e o e s c ames Don Sh r h ld r , in luding Mr J l a dson a ea c o o o e . e , w lthy tt n br k r Th y

es o e e s as ca o a so e r r p nd d nthu i ti lly, D n ld n p sonally undertaking to subscribe

a s ccee e so far he n ow a H ving u d d , p

roached eo e B s who had p Mr G rg urn , falle n heir t o the Belfast trade which the

a iers o a e and who a o N p rigin t d, , l ng with

a was a e for a e of s eame s Mr M rtin , g nt lin t r

a oo tr ding to Liverp l . Napie r knew Mr Burns as an excellent

s ess man and ca a e a e and he bu in p bl g nt, suggeste d that he might obtain for him

’ the agency of Cunard s steamers if he c ould assist in raising a part of the c a apit l .

B s a e due co s e a o e urn , ft r n id r ti n , f ll in

the o osa an d as os ec e a e with pr p l , pr p tiv g nt

’ he propounde d the scheme to Napier s

o friends and his own Shareh lders .

A s stated in the life of Sir Ge orge

1 42 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

William Campb ell James Burns Dav id MacIv er Ch arl es MacIv er

ames Me Ju n . J rry, Alexan der Bann erman Jo hn Bannerman He nry B ann erman

A c a Ma n n ell r hib ld cC o .

Da S co vid tt . James Martin ‘ Jame s M C all Alexander Kerr David Chapman

It will b e observe d Mr Cunard had by far the largest holding in the Com

a an d the o e a es e e e p ny, th r Sh r w r divid d pretty equally between Mr Napier an d his friends and Mr Burn s and those

om he ce t o o the e e wh indu d j in nt rprise .

Though Mr Burns personally did n ot sub sc e a e a amo he o a e o rib gr t unt, bt in d thr ugh C UN A RD COMP A N Y 1 43

Mr a e the a e nc c was far N pi r g y, whi h by

o th the most lucrative positi n in e venture .

a e o e e ecomme e B ns not N pi r, h w v r, r nd d ur for his ea for his comme c a w lth, but r i l a and the s o of the Com bility, future hi t ry pany ju stifi ed his Selection .

The ma a eme of the s eame s c n g nt t r , in lud

the a o me of of c e s an d c e ing pp int nt fi r r w,

’ was e s e t o a ier s old e s ess s ntru t d N p fri nd , M r

Mac Iver of e oo who e o me e Liv rp l, p rf r d th ir

a the mos efli cient ma e p rt in t nn r .

The n ewly con stitute d Company adopted

’ a o c as a The n u m Mr Cun rd s c ntra t basis . ber of the esse s was c ease t o o an d v l in r d f ur, they we re made large r an d more e ffi cient

th e wa a e es e ac e e in y N pi r d ir d in f t, v ry

was e to him an d his ma is s thing l ft , rk till t o be see the red e c had n in funn l, whi h hitherto distinguishe d the steamers he was

e es e int r t d in .

In addition t o increasing the dimen s o s the s s e e e so i n , hip w r fill d up lid in 1 44 BE T N A P E RO R I R. the bows betwee n the timbers with strong

eams and ees and a e - b kn , w t r tight bulk h eads were fitted t o prevent accident i should the vessels strike ce . They also were doubled all over with hardwood

a s and s o o s a s e e e t o pl nk , tr ng ir n tr p w r fitt d

a The ca accommo a prevent str ining . bin d tion was made much more luxurious than o a co em a e and e a s s rigin lly nt pl t d, p rh p thi wa e sa as the a wa 38 s ces e s eas . n ry, f r guin

The names of the four vessels were the

A cadia B r ita nni a Ca ledonia and C olumbia , , , ,

— the A ca dia oo e the , built by W d, b ing

ca The s t o sa w pattern rd . fir t il as

he B r ita nni a comma e a a t , nd d by C pt in

oo f c s a e om e oo on W dru f, whi h t rt d fr Liv rp l

4th 1 840 an d a e Bos o a July , rriv d in t n

a e O n her o a assa fortnight l t r. utw rd p ge

h w s e a e es e s sa s e a r t rd d by w t rly wind , but il in for ome the e s mo she ma e g h in n uing nth, d th o a e a e o e ten a s e return v y g in littl v r d y ,

’ am e 280 o s her best day s ste ing b ing kn t .

N A D MP A N Y 1 45 C U R C O .

Such was the part playe d by Napier at the start of this celebrate d Company ; and from the prece ding narrative it will b e apparent that it was mainly through his c o - o e a o a s p r ti n with Mr Cun rd, fir t in e nabling the latter t o get his plans into

ac ca a e an d e o a pr ti l Sh p , th n in pr viding se es of s eams s a e e me ri t hip unriv ll d in th ir ti ,

a mm th t i ediate s uccess was attain ed .

It was the confide nce repose d in Robert

a e the man an d his o a N pi r, in in w rk, th t secure d most of the capital n ecessary (ou t

’ side of Mr Cunard s contribution! to found the om a on an a e a e as s an d C p ny d qu t b i , it was undoubtedly the excellence an d uniform success of the machin ery an d vessels he supplied that gain e d for the

British and North American Company that support from the c ommercial world which led t o its ema a e os e an d e a e r rk bl pr p rity, n bl d it t o emerge triumphant from it s memor a e co h e bl ntest with t e Collins Lin .

K 1 46 B E T N A P E RO R I R .

Napier was the practical head and hand of the Cunard Company in its early

a s o c m a e o e d y , with ut whi h it ight h v pr v d a less successful venture in the vast field of se o o mo o o se enterpri it s l ng n p li d .

By those p ossessed of the requisite

’ o e e a ier s e e o a kn wl dg , Mr N p n rgy, rg n

s s and e ee a a e i ing kill, ngin ring bility h v been cordially recognised as the foundation from which the Cunard Company took its

e n o on e was the im b ginning, but by portance of his services ackn owledged with greater freedom than by Mr Cunard him

Be e e a and a e e e self. tw n Cun rd N pi r th r

’ e s e a e o e s the a e s xi t d lif l ng fri nd hip . At l tt r

e es he sat for his o a c was r qu t p rtr it, whi h

ese e t o his a e ss a pr nt d d ught r, Mi Cun rd, with whose letter of thanks as reflecting

s me w o e these enti nts e c nclud .

B S H E D Ja n U . 1 7 186 0. HILL, MONTON, ,

MY DEA R S IR - The o a of m a e a , p rtr it y f th r th t you have been so very kind as t o present t o me

P C H A T E R X .

I R O N B U D I N SHI P I L G.

— ACQUI RES GR OUND AT GOVAN APP OINTMENT OF WILLIAM DENNY — STAR TS IR ON SHIPB UILDING FIRST I R ON STEAMER FO R — — ADMIR ALTY SI MOOM INTIMACY WITH NAVAL OFFICERS

FAMILY R ELATIONSHIP S .

REGULA R ocean n avigation was n ow be c om e sa o e the o and ing univ r l v r w rld, c ompanies such as the Royal M ail Com

h P m P 85 0 . a t e ac c o a the . p ny, ifi C p ny,

om a and o e s a came o C p ny, th r , r pidly int e s e ce to e o the se e a o es xi t n xpl it v r l r ut .

Following on the Cunard boats Napier c onstructe d a very fin e steamer for the

as e a e ca e the P r ecursor c E t rn tr d ll d , whi h was ac e the P 85 0 om a She quir d by . . C p ny. cos o e s e n c was the t v r t rli g, whi h

1 5 B T N A P I E 0 RO E R R. had He was a a a to be found . g in h ppy

his se ec o of his sma am in l ti n kin n, Mr Willi

e of m a o t o s os o D nny Du b rt n, fill thi p iti n , as he had the reputation of being one

of he s t - es e s of his m t be ship d ign r ti e .

The terms of the agreement entered into

’ are set forth in Mr D enny s lette r of 1 st

o em e 1 842 c is co e s e N v b r , whi h unt r ign d

a by Mr N pier .

S G l s o m G t N ve ber 1 842. LA OW, Mr N a ier R . p ,

S IR — I e e offe t o s e e ou as a a sma , h r by r rv y dr ft n, mo e e and s ec o of an s eam - esse s e e d ll r, in p t r y t v l , ith r o f o or woo a ou ma a e at an me ir n d , th t y y h v y ti t o or e a and t o e s c o t o build r p ir, giv in tru ti n your s ons regarding drafting and building of

esse s v l .

In a wo I a e e t o e ou the w o e of m rd , gr giv y h l y pers onal s ervices for three years on being p aid by y ou for the fir st ye ar at t he rate o f £1 50 per annum and £1 0 of premium for every ne w vess el that is built an d completed under my direction

o s c o s Fo h and according t o y ur in tru ti n . r t e

S co ea I am t o ece e at t he a e of £1 7 5 e nd y r, r iv r t N P E UILDIN 1 51 IRO S HI G.

per annum . an d £1 0 of premium o n each vess el

e m e e ce In t he built und r y superint nd n . third

ea I am t o ece e at t he a e o f £200 and £1 0 y r, r iv r t for each ves s el built un der my sup erintendence

for ou I am t o be at e t o com e e m y . lib rty pl t y

ese e a eme t o Mess s oa s 85 Yo pr nt ng g nt r C t ung , and visit Belf ast once each six weeks till the

i l 0 T s a eeme t o be e e ess e s 85 . e v l bui t, hi gr nt xt nd d

’ i fi W LL A M DEN N Mr Moncr e . by I I Y .

R N A P ER . I .

It is specially to be note d that one of Mr

’ ’ De nny s duties was t o in struct Mr Napier s

sons the art of s and e a in hipbuilding, wh n

few years later he left t o found the fi rm

of ess s am e 85 B o e s his M r Willi D nny r th r ,

am f es . a e oo c a e o pupil, Mr J R N pi r, t k h rg

h a t e y rd .

s e e a e s a e to Thu quipp d, N pi r t rt d build hi th Va n u a r d h s s o esse e . S e fir t ir n v l, g

was a paddl e - steame r of about 7 00 ton s

e s e her c o e con r gi t r . In on structi n Eld r

sidered th at it was impossible t o make sub

stantial o O a e n so he w rk with rdin ry riv ti g, 1 52 B E T N A P E RO R I R .

bored the keel - plates and put in charcoal

o o s ca e e and e to the ir n b lt , r fully turn d fitt d holes an d riveted cold . With workman s of s c a o e an d a ace hip u h high rd r, with gr ful form such as Mr Denny always imparted t o his mo e s success was ce a and the d l , rt in , m vessel was universally ad ired .

She was a c e on 29th e 1 843 l un h d Jun , and at once orders followe d in quick su c cess o for s m a esse s the a o s com i n i il r v l , v ri u panies engage d in the Chann el trades aban

oo and o for o s eame s doning w d g ing in ir n t r .

A s evidencing the sati sfaction which his

o esse s a e we o e a e e ece e ir n v l g v , qu t l tt r r iv d from the Chairman of the Dundalk Steam

Pa et om a ose s eame Dundalk ck C p ny, wh t r

th Va n u a r d closely followed e g .

ebr ua r 22 1844 F y , .

EA R S IR - AS a ma of the Me e e D , Ch ir n ting h ld

a fo s m m c as m th s . e e e co on 2o in t , it f rd u h pl ur municatingthe Resolution enclosed pas se d on that da I a e t o add a one ee re y . h v th t but f ling p

N B LD N 1 IRO S HIP UI I G . 53

a e on the o ccas o —T a e e e e se n or v il d i n , h t n ith r xp n pains were spared in t he building and outfit of the

D und a lk a e a t o t he om a and , lik gr tifying C p ny creditable t o the establishment wh ere s o fin e a ves s el (admitte d t o be a first - class o ne! was con s c e Her o m is m c a m e for it s s m tru t d . f r u h d ir d y me and her e es in t he o o of com try , ngin , pini n

et e es who a e e am e em a e ee p nt judg h v x in d th , h v b n

o o c t o be mo e s of S pr n un ed d l kill .

Napier had been e ndeavouring t o induce

the Admiralty to adopt iron instead of wood

for s eame s an d the en d of 1 843 he re t r , in

c eived the foll owing letter from his friend

Sir Edward Parry

A D R 23rd December 1 843. MI ALTY,

DEA R SIR —I am ec e the L o C om , dir t d by rd missioners of t he A dmiralty t o re ques t th at you will come t o L ondon t o communicate with me you r self on t he s ubj e ct o f the T ender you have lately s ent in for one or more iron ves s els with

e es ngin . If y ou can conveniently be at my office on

’ Wednesday next at 25 o clock it will ans wer the 1 54 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

e e os e —I ema ea Sir o s e int nd d purp r in, d r , y ur v ry

a l E W A P R R . f ithfu ly, . . Y

P S — I ha e a o e Mr L . o a . v pp int d l yd or Mr Murr y

’ t o be h ere t o m eet y ou at l - past 2 o clock on Wed n esda y .

R . N P R E s . A IE , q

The result of the visit he paid was that he was commission ed t o build and engine

ee o s eame s for the a e thr ir n t r N vy . Th y

e e ca e the Jacka l L iz ar d and B lood w r ll d , , hound an d ese e e the s on esse s , th w r fir t ir v l

the s in ervice .

The prejudice of the offi cials was strong a a s o as e ea e so e the g in t ir n, th y f r d it und d

ne of the oc a s an d effo s e e k ll d ky rd , rt w r put

o o ma h s c e s B f rth t ke t e boats un u c s ful . y increasing the scantlings about 40 per cent above those customary in steamers of a

m a e an d s s on the ames Si il r typ , by in i ting fr

e n s ace o e c es a a the b i g p d nly nin in h p rt, vessels were mad e to draw much more

a e a o a e e and e w t r th n rigin lly int nd d, th y

1 56 B E T N A P E RO R I R. s was a se o s ma e t o a e as She hip ri u tt r N pi r, occupied so much Space in his yard ; and the inconvenl ence cause d may be the more

ea a ec a ed e me o is ma e r dily ppr i t , wh n nti n d of the fact that during her construction he e e e o new co H nt r d int thirty ntracts . e made representation s t o the Admiralty on the s ec an d a e e a ece e some ubj t, ft r d l y r iv d

ecom e se ou n ot of an amo c r p n , th gh unt whi h he co s e e a e a e n id r d d qu t .

The Simoom was a very effi ciently con s c e esse an d She was ac e em tru t d v l, tiv ly ployed in the service as a troopship for

e a n arly forty ye rs .

Mr Napier was characterised by liberality

his e s and he ma e a o of O e in vi w , d p int p n

his o s t o all mo e es ec a t o ing w rk , r p i lly n aval officers who we re desirous of acquir

a o e e of ma e e es He ing kn wl dg rin ngin . had ma e e s s c as the o o one ny l tt r , u h f ll wing from Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane LD N 1 5 IRON S HIP B UI I G . 7

S R US DD G YE TE HO E, HA IN TON, O tober 1851 c 7, .

MY DEA R S IR —The Ma s of Twee a e is , rqui dd l e a o s a his s on L o o Ha a C om v ry nxi u th t rd J hn y , ma e in t he N a s o o o nd r vy , h uld pr fit by y ur s e Es a s me in G as ow an d s o pl ndid t bli h nt l g , h uld rece ive your permis sion t o attend an d take advan tage of t he s cientific instruction he c an receive there ; and you will confer a favour upon me by e m him t o do s o an d I can s a e o p r itting , f ly h ld ou t as an in ducement that he will do ample justice t o t he o o ni a w s be offe e t o him pp rtu ty th t ill thu r d , as he is a ema a fi n e o man an d was r rk bly y ung , promote d by m e wh en C ommander- in - Chief in China entirely from his m erits as a promising ffi r —I am m a ir a o ce . e S e o s , y d r , v ry f ithfully y ur ,

THos O C HR AN E . C .

This e nlightened p olicy had the effe ct of establishing close and intimate relations

the m a and a e ea s with Ad ir lty, in ft r y r , whe n these apprentices (or rather we Should c a em s e s came t o a e o e ll th tud nt ! h v p w r,

’ they had strong leanings to Mr Napier s 1 58 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

firm m o o H . s a a Thu Ad ir l L rd J hn y, writ ing him in 1 871 wh e n he was in c ommand

of R M Hots ur c o c es his . S . e e . p , n lud l tt r with “ a posts cript : I feel still all the respect

that is du e t o you from myself as on e of

the old apprentice s in your works so many

! ea o y rs ag .

His relation s with the naval men with

whom he came in contact were of the ’ mos a mo o s c a ac e and his t h r ni u h r t r, kind

ness t o them was so much appreciated that

a numbe r of them presente d him with a

of a valuable piece pl te .

’ Napier s reply was in his happiest style

A W 7th December 1 844 GL SGO , .

‘ ’ MY DEA R S IR s — I am so a e a ac , t k n b k

to u se a a a o a ee at the ( n v l w rd!, th t I f l greatest loss to offer y ou and your brother

offi cers my grateful ackn owledgments for

‘ the very kind and delicate manner in

which I have been presented with a most

N B LD N 9 IRO S HIP UI I G . 1 5 e e a and e es mo a s c l g nt Spl ndid t ti ni l, intrin i ally valuable as a piece of silve r plate an d as a o of art e mo e so on w rk , but infinit ly r acco of its e e o s on o s an d as unt g n r u d r , e ess em the mos o o a e xpr ing by th t h n ur bl , and t o me far the mos a by t gr tifying , gift

c a e e e ece e or am e t o whi h I h v v r r iv d, lik ly

ece e an d c s ema as r iv , whi h I tru t will r in an e oom m am e e s s h irl in y f ily whil it xi t , an d act as a landmark to them to be kind and hospitable to all officers of the

o a a R y l N vy . “ I feel deeply indebted t o y ou and all whose names have bee n sent t o me along with the valuable Silver Candelabrum an d

P a ea and be t o ass e ou all a l t u, g ur y th t, when I admitted naval offi cers t o my

o s e the ea es eas e W rk , I f lt gr t t pl ur in h aving it in my power t o promote in the smallest degree the advan cement of the knowledge of steam machinery amongst ffi the o cers of the Royal Navy . 1 6 0 B T N A P E RO E R I R.

I have always bee n highly pleased an d

e e at mee a a of ce s d light d ting with n v l fi r , and have often regrette d that my engage ments otherwise prevente d me from pay

a a e o a s e to a ing th t tt nti n th t I wi h d p y .

o can ass e ou o e me N thing, I ur y , w uld giv greater pride and satisfaction than t o have it in my power to have y ou all seated at my table around this splendid testimonial of o ess and a e the eas e of y ur kindn , h v pl ur drinking a bumper t o the success of one an d all of my naval friends ; but as there is some doubt of my meeting y ou all

o e e can on sa a so o t g th r, I ly y th t l ng

“ ! as a e a oo - e e a o e m ea I h v r f tr b v y h d, one and all of you shall always have a

ome P a n a od ma hearty welc . r yi g th t G y

ess ou all am m ea s bl y , I , y d r Sir , with

es e a s o s mos s ce e kind t r g rd , y ur t in r ly,

PIER R . NA .

in s N W and R B R N To a ta . . C p E ELL OB , ,

! n Londo .

1 6 2 ROB E RT N A P IE R .

But if you will allow me t o take my ch ance of o u at ome on a da I o e t o finding y h th t y, h p

w 2 n and be able t o reach y ou bet e en a d 4 R M . t o bring a few officers in ou r steam - launch t o s ee the ea es o f Wes S a on and t o m a e b uti t h nd , k

f it s s o s ow e —Be e e t he ac quaintance o illu tri u n r . li v

me o s e EO FFRE O R N B . , y ur v ry truly , G Y H Y

R R N P R E s OBE T A IE , q .

He was on e qually good terms with the

o e s a b a a con p w r th t e t Whiteh ll. In c a e e 1 868 e ce Rob luding l tt r in , Sir Sp n r

so who was e o o e of the in n , th n C ntr ll r

a e esse mse e e a N vy, xpr d hi lf in th s gr tifying terms

Ma God ess ou m ea old e O ne y bl y , y d r fri nd . o f t he few bright sp ots in my official career is that it has again brought me into rel ations with

ou an d m a e me o w s e e a of y , d kn till b tt r th n old all a was a a e e ce e an d s e th t v lu bl , x ll nt , t rling in o o o e s e y ur h n ur d lf.

Few contractors have eve r been favoure d with such e xpression s of esteem from the N P B LD N 1 6 3 IRO S HI UI I G .

o o er of the a s e ac C ntr ll N vy, but thi xtr t

Shows the very intimate relation ship that e xiste d betwee n the British Admiralty an d

a e Mr N pi r .

These busy ye ars did n ot pass without change s in his immediate family circle .

Hi the Rev P e e a e s o e . br th r, Dr t r N pi r, was in 1 844 prese nte d to the College

c as o as was n ot un Chur h in Gl g w, but,

s a in ose s io a s e e was u u l th Di rupt n d y , th r a s e a o his se eme di put b ut ttl nt .

’ a o Melvill of S t Pa s o e of C n n ul , br th r the ec e a of the as a om a S r t ry E t Indi C p ny, was an ma e e of o e a e inti t fri nd R b rt N pi r, an d as he was one of the most celebrated pre achers of the time he sent him a copy

’ of Pe e s se mo s ac o e Dr t r r n . In kn wl dging them the Canon wrote as follows

E S D C P A T IN IA OM ANY,

F bru a r 5 1 45. e y , 8

MY DEA R N A P ER — Mau an s for o I , y th k y ur ’ o e s se mo s T e are e ce e br th r r n . h y x ll nt both in 1 6 4 B E T N A P E RO R I R. ma e and s e e oo e o for E isco tt r tyl , quit g d n ugh p palians ; I had almost s aid t oo good for Presby t erian s e a the e a e s of s c s e mo s . C rt inly if h r r u h r n obj ect t o t he preacher th ey ought t o be doomed t o s ome ranting raving fellow who will wear out a red cushion in twenty - four hours Many thanks for your kind invitation t o

You are as o o a e ow ' as e e Shandon. g d f ll v r

ve and I o we ou mo e a I can a for li d , y r th n p y all s o s of n ess - Mos o s rt kind . t truly y ur ,

EN ELVILL H R Y M .

a e the m s of his os Mr N pi r, in id t pr

erit was a a s mos a e e to his p y, lw y t tt ntiv old a e s an d e e was an a a p r nt , th r nnu l

n t m o Hi co s the a e a a . s g th ri g Du b rt n u in,

Rev a eso of o ea . Dr M thi n M ntr l, writing him the end of 1 843 conc es his in , lud letter saying

We can only expe ct the old folks now should

ee t he of ea s Few a e a a e e f l burden y r . h v tt in d th ir

a s am s m c a and com Th d y idst o u h pe ce fort . e

e a es of t he s e e a o —via o unit d g fir t g n r ti n , y ur

a e and mo e m own and A N a c f th r th r, y , unt n y,

C H A P T E R X I .

WE T A N DO N S SH .

FIRST COTTAGE ENLA R GEMENT DISAP PEAR ANCE P R ESEN T ’ MANSION P R OFESSOR KERR S CR ITICISM COLLECTION — HOSPITALITY LETTERS FROM MAR QUIS O F DALHOUS IE A N D — OTHER S ER ECTION O F R ow CHUR CH A N D S TATUE T O R B HEN Y ELL .

A s s a e an ea e c a e t t d in rli r h pt r, Mr

Napie r acquire d ground at S h ando n in

1 833 on c he a sma o se , whi h built ll h u , where he was in the habit of residing

n the s mm mo s duri g u er nth .

Sunny memories are still called up among the few survivors who were privi leged t o e nj oy the hospitalities of the first

es a o o se memo es sta W t Sh nd n h u , ri nding apart from any attaching to the larger

se c oo its ace The osse hou whi h t k pl . p s

1 6 B E T N A P E 8 RO R I R.

Another bottle (containing one specimen of

eac of the o e and co e co s at h g ld, Silv r, pp r in

ese c c a o the e s a e s pr nt in ir ul ti n, with n w p p r

and o e s a s ca a e s of s a e th r t ti ti l p p r thi d t ,

also a brass - plate h aving the names of the family engraved on it! has bee n de

os e in a e a of the p it d noth r p rt building . “ s 85c b en d ose o e 85c . a e e e Th b ttl , , . , h v

os e o e a e ee as p it d by R b rt N pi r, Engin r, Gl

ow and e a of es a o for the g , f u r W t Sh nd n, amusement it may be of some future

e e a on o e a the mea s a en g n r ti , pr vid d th t n t k to preserve the parchment an d paper

!

o ccess u PIER . pr ve su f l . R . NA

The local stone not being well suite d t o the s e of a c ec e fin e e sa tyl r hit tur , whit nd ston e was brought from Bishopbriggs vid the Forth and Clyde Canal ; and the wood

o of the o se a e a o s e e ces w rk h u , ft r v ri u diff r n

co ac o e s was com e e with ntr ting j in r , pl t d by men from Govan Shipbuilding yard . WE T HA N D N 1 6 S S O . 9

es n and u n the o se In d igni g b ildi g h u ,

special atte ntion was paid t o producing a structure that would give little trouble in the way of repairs ; an d t o obtain this end e ens e e edi e s e e a o e c xp iv xp nt w r d pt d, whi h the es f m s e t t o ti e fully ju tifi d .

Mr Napier took the greatest interest in

’ Roche ad s o and ma e S O ma Mr w rk, d ny alteration s on the plan s that he was said t a hi wn a c o h ve be en s o rchite t .

Re feren ce is made t o West Shandon

‘ ’ ’ in The n s e ema s o se and E gli h G ntl n H u ,

e e is a c c sm P o esso Ke th r riti i by r f r rr, from which we quote a few extracts

This plan is presented in our s eri es as an

me cas e of e o a r e a N o extre int nti n l i r gul rity . doubt there is much of the merit of c onvenience o btaine d by this total want of conventional

e a The e a ce - a is m c t oo small r gul rity. ntr n h ll u h ,

es s we c e w t he e o es e unl in lud ith it int ri r v tibul , w c a a a e e o ecomes aw wa hi h g in , if l rg n ugh , b k rd

o m h - i m T e c oa oom s a oo e . in f r . l k r g d it 1 0 B E T N A P E 7 RO R I R.

The three public rooms form a good suite o f it s

n The a is e o o ki d . libr ry v ry g d .

The dining - room must be considered ou t of rule except as a S itting - room ; t he character of

form is n ot that of an e ating - room at all ; no doubt cons iderations of prospect have governed t he case

The off ces e e a are e co e and i g n r lly v ry nfin d , not s c e The ame m s be sa of the in tru tiv . s u t id

m se ms c e - a e and a - oom in e u u , pi tur g ll ry , billi rd r th ir

relations t o each other an d t o other apartments . T o cover over in this way t he space which

is e e al in s c a a an e o co g n r ly , u h pl n , int ri r urt , is no t t o be commended ; there is t oo much

ce an d o o we t in co se e ce iling light b rr d ligh n qu n , and with thes e co mes stagnation of air and

nw o es ome ess e a s e e on the easa u h l n , p rh p v n pl nt

s o es of t he Gareloch s h r it elf.

Mr Napier evidently did not think the

c c sm com me a so he o e the riti i pli nt ry, wr t

a o on the s ec and the P o esso uth r ubj t, r f r

r e e sa n pli d, yi g

The mediaeval type of arrangement is char act erised by what you quote as disorderly co n

WE S T S A N D 1 H ON . 7 1 v enience t he clas sical type rests up on orderly

in t oo ma cases co e e ce Be we e ( ny ! in nv ni n . t n t he t wo I e e t he wa of o e t o t he wa , pr f r nt rd r nt o f co e o u A s nv nience ; and s o e vidently do y . for ba d a s I c o a e s e ec e em pl n , uld h v l t d th by t he o e a a w c is not bad d z n ; but . pl n hi h , but t he co ra and at t he same me s a nt ry, ti unu u lly c a ac e s c was t he o ec of m ca e s ea c h r t ri ti , bj t y r ful r h , and I thought yo ur h ous e a mos t striking on e in s w f A es ec and e wo o s . thi r p t , ll rthy tudy passing j est or t wo in s peaking of it appears t o ca c t he e e of s ome eo e s is t h y p pl , but thi

o hi n I m a ou n t g . think I ay presume th t y desire t o have an unconv entional unembarrasse d

o s e i om T a s c and o s ccess s c e e . h u , y ur u pl t h t u h must be paid for by t he acceptance o f a few drawb acks is but a truism that on e s carcely n ee s t o s es d ugg t.

Those who can recall Robert Napie r as a ca a e s ess man are now few p bl bu in but , as it is more than forty years sin ce he personally negotiate d a contract ; but in his ca ac as o e of es an o p ity wn r W t Sh d n, making friends of young an d old by his 1 7 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

e a he es the memo of g ni lity, liv in ry

ma ny .

The most attractive part of the house was

the m se m an d c e - a e e e was u u pi tur g ll ry, wh r

t o be found one of the finest amateur col

ec o s co a of c an ela o a e l ti n in S tl nd, whi h b r t

ca a was com Rob t logue piled by Mr J . C .

f h n m inson o t e South Ken singt o Museu .

There were many typical examples of the

m m s ea a a c and e s as e . rly It li n , Dut h , Fl i h t r

Raffaelle was represented by a H oly Trin

c o ce o me a t of the coll ec ity, whi h n f r d p r

o of a the e m e e c a e ti n D vid, in nt Fr n h p int r

t a a o a t of his a e Ti i n, by p rtr i d ught r ;

o a a a e om o es Guid , by M gd l n fr L rd Ch

’ t erfield s co ec o Pa Ve o ese ll ti n ; ul r n , Tin t orett o an d Da V c c e sub , in i, by S riptur

t Th a sca e art of a was j ec s . e l nd p It ly

s a e the o s of Pa illu tr t d in w rk nnini,

a a o osa and o e e - no S lv t r R , th r w ll k wn

a s e e e e me o s e am es rtist . Th r w r nu r u x pl

om the s of em a d e s fr bru h R br n t, Rub n ,

1 4 B E T N A P E 7 RO R I R . which the othe r pieces were scattere d over

o e eces of ea ea b e Eur pe . Fiv pi gr t b uty longe d to a set o f which the remainder was the property of her late Maj esty Queen

V c o a and ese o me one of his i t ri , th f r d

as s Special tre ure .

The coll ec o of m a e s s f - o e s ti n ini tur , nu f b x ,

o e e c oc s and a c es was mos bij ut ri , l k , w t h t e e s e an d e and the o e was xt n iv uniqu , wh l

u t e s e set o xqui it ly .

His as e for o ame a sm - o as t t rn nt l ith w rk,

ecame a esce a of a - a was b d nd nt Tub l C in,

s a e c o s old oc s and e s di pl y d in uri u l k k y ,

me a - o s s o s a mo an d t l w rk , gun , w rd , r ur, a co eme s of all c utr nt kinds .

Numerous pieces of sculpture by Fillans an d others stood in prominent position s

the a and e se e e s ec a in h ll l wh r , but p i l attention was always directe d t o a statue

of a ve iled lady e xecute d by the famous

o a s Th rw ld en .

z The gathering together of so fine a WE S T A N D N 1 S H O . 7 5

‘ co ec on of a c es of e o a ll ti rti l v rtu, th ugh

as of n o sma difli cult was a so ce t k ll y, ur of the ea s a gr te t ple sure t o their own er .

He was s o of and at all ju tly pr ud it, times he was delighte d t o show the house and its as s t o hi e s The tre ure s fri nd . maj ority of his visitors had n o special

o e e of art all e e the kn wl dg , but , v n c e had ea es o e out t o hildr n, b uti p int d

em an d e a a memo es th , w nt w y with ri

a not as th t did e ily fade .

The o s w c e e a ou t gr und , hi h w r l id with

ea a s c as e e e a s s gr t rti ti t t , w r di tingui hing

ea e of e s a o The e f tur W t Sh nd n . wint r climate on the Gareloch permits the growth of various foreign trees an d shrub s t oo e e t o s ccee e se e e an d t nd r u d l wh r , conife rs an d rhododendrons were freely

a e e e ea was c o e e pl nt d, wh r by b uty nf rr d

upon the spot as noticeable in winter

as in s mm u er .

’ a ier s os a was o ess Mr N p h pit lity b undl , 1 6 B E T N A P E 7 RO R I R. an d is well illustrated by his offer to place his e stablishment at the disposal of o a o s e o e o of n a L rd D lh u i , G v rn r I di , who happen e d t o b e staying in a h otel

o a To s of e the a at Arr ch r . thi f r M rquis replie d as follows

A RR H R S e tember 1 5 1 856 . OC A , p ,

SIR —I am a e t o a ou s ff c e for , un bl th nk y u i i ntly

o mos an co e s e It s i y ur t kind d urt ou lett r. k nd

es s is s o s o a eo s an d so ma es e e n p nt n u nif tly g nuin , that I S h o uld accept your prop os ed h ospitality with t he greatest pleasure were it not that my movements are necessarily s o uncertain that I S h ould n ot be justified in putting you t o the inconvenience which my acceptance of your pro

s a wo po l uld inflict up on y ou .

I s owe e a ou w s o far e m me tru t, h v r, th t y ill p r it t o o o co es as t o co s e o pr fit by y ur urt y, n id r y ur letter the co mmencem ent of a p ers onal acquaint a ce w ou and a ou w a ow me w e n ith y , th t y ill ll , h n — I shall have put away if ev er I do put away m c c es t o a e s ome o o of ese y rut h , t k pp rtunity pr nt in m se t o ou and of e so a a ou g y lf y , p r n lly th nking y and Mrs N apier for t he very gratifying instance

1 7 8 B E T N A P E RO R I R. t o s ee you ; an d I will be s ure t o give you

ma be at ome o ce a ou . n ti , th t y y h

T e are m os a eea e eas eo e s o w e h y t gr bl , y p pl ; h n

’ e d o o o ma e t oo ea an ado a o th y g , d n t k gr t b ut

em A as s of s e w s e e em and th . gl h rry ill rv th ;

I act as e c o swa ou can ou e if th ir x in, y , if y lik , — give me a glass of c hampagne Yours very

L RN E A M B ELL O P . truly, C

N ot only to private individuals but also t o public bodies he e xtende d a hearty welcome ; and he took a prominent part in e ntertaining the British A ssociation

e e s 5 wh n th y vi ite d Glasgow in 1 85 .

P o esso Pillans him at a r f r , writing th t t me sa s i , y

A S on e of thos e who availe d th emselves of your kindness in placing t he Vu lca n steam er at t he

s osa of t he B s A s s oc a o I am e e di p l riti h i ti n , d put d

em t o co e t o ou in e ame an d I by th nv y y , th ir n ,

I ma e e t o add in t he ame of all think y v ntur , n t he members of t he A ssociation now ass embled

e e om e e a of t he U e K om h r fr v ry p rt nit d ingd , the expres sion of their c ordial thanks and s ense of obligation for t he opp ortunity you afforded WE S T S A N D N 1 H O . 7 9

them in t he land of t he mountain and the floo d of rene win g old friendships and forming n ew ac qu aint ances which t o s ome may prove an era in

e es an d t o all w be a da of a reea e th ir liv , ill y g bl

eco ec o s r ll ti n . Th ey regard this act of considerate liberality on your part as one of a s eries which promises ere

o t o e e a es a o e o es e e for l ng xt nd d ign ti n , hith rt r rv d

the Eas a om a t o t he ea c eas n t Indi C p ny , y rly in r i g

m e of t he Me c a P ces of as ow nu b r r h nt rin Gl g .

e e e a so ee a e Whil nt rt ining fr ly, Mr N pi r

never forgot that he had also respon si

bilities ; an d social n eeds came in for a

f s a of his o He oo a eat ull h re b unty . t k gr

n e es the c c at Row c he i t r t in hur h , whi h

a He was on e ttended regularly . v ry

e e ms the am fri ndly t r with Argyll f ily,

an d in connection with the rebuilding of

the church the Dowage r Duchess thus

wrote him

S T RDS - O N - T HE - S EA LEONA ,

28ih Ja n. 1850.

DEAR S 1R —I s o a e e e t o o let , h uld h v r pli d y ur t er a e the 1 2 m c s oo e m ea , d t d th , u h n r, but y h lth 1 80 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

is o e m e c se for e e e e - w ft n y x u d f rring l tt r riting, and I S hall th erefore h ope you will excuse my

e a d l y . I have asked Mr Davidson t o address you on t h f t he Row c c 85 e s ec o c . 8t c He ubj t hur h , , . ma a es for m e all ese ma e s as I am m n g th tt r , y se e t o d o s o lf quit unfit . I am sure t he parish generally are much in debted t o y ou for t he great interest and liber a w w o al w em lity ith hich y u de ith th . I t ru st all will be well and pleasantly arrange d

e a the n ew c c t o ease all a es r g rding hur h pl p rti , an d t o be conducive ab ov e all things t o t he com o of our wo m s e f rt rthy ini t r. I hope Mrs N apier and the other memb ers of

o am are e we y ur f ily quit ll . With kindest remembrances t o Mrs N apier and

o s e I am ea Sir o s e s ce e y ur lf, , d r , y ur v ry in r ly,

A A R LL G . . Y

R R N P R E s . OBE T A IE , q s n of W e t Sha don.

The R v a e o o who s ccee e e . L uri F g , u d d the sa o ac eo am e was intly J hn M l d C pb ll, m s e of Row a s and his ini t r p ri h, during

' incumbency the present handsome church

P C H A T E R XII .

B R T N A P I E R O N R O E S S .

’ F UTURE PLANS S AN TIA GO DIFFICULTY JOHN ELDER S DE — — P ARTUR E NAP IER A ND ELDER FIRMS CR IMEAN WA R

I — R B US —R P R - R P ERS A E E ETIR AL OF JAMES R . NA IE WESTE N — — — B ANK CATHEDR AL UN l VE RS ITY LETTER FR OM MELVILL .

BY the middle of the century Robert Napier

was at the zenith of his greatness and

ame He had s ccess o ce on f . u fully intr du d

the Clyde iron Shipbuilding for large ves

se s and o e ms a had om l , th r fir th t Sprung fr

im e o th h w re devel ping e industry .

Be n ow s ea s of a e he was ing ixty y r g ,

es o s of e a e e s u e a he m d ir u gr t r l i r , th t ight

enj oy to some e xtent the fruit of his

s a o s His e o s for th arduou l b ur . int nti n e

future were that his business Sh ould b e

actively carried on by his two surviving O F W EL N G T O N 1 8 . M. . DUKE . H. S LI 53

1 84 B E T N A P E RO R I R. with his wishes ; but in doing so due con sideration was n ot paid to one of the c on dition s of the co ac c was e a e ntr t, whi h tr t d

m c s co as of little i portan e . Thi ndition was that the vessels Should ste am at the rate of 1 2 o s w 500 o s on oa s kn t ith t n b rd, thi weight being 1 50 t o 200 tons beyond the maximum weight the vessels were inten ded t o a on e e a o a es c rry th ir r gul r v y g .

When trie d at full load - draft the paddle wheels of the S a ntiago were t oo de eply

mme se and as the e e s ee i r d, r quir d p d in

s c o o was not a a e the Com thi nditi n tt in d,

a ec e to acce th ss p ny d lin d pt e ve el . Mr

’ a e was m c a o e as u st s N pi r u h nn y d, Mr J

s c o s had ee com e and in tru ti n b n pli d with, the failure was due in large measure t o a e a o om he o a s his lt r ti ns fr t riginal pl n . If obj ect had been solely t o fulfil the guar antee as t o speed rathe r than serve the

om an he co e c the a e C p y, uld, by r du ing p ddl

hee s c o a e cos e a e w l (whi h w uld h v t littl !, h v E cf: N 1 85 ROB E RT N A P I R S O S . made the vessel steam 12 kn ots with the s a e e she o e a e tipul t d w ight, but w uld th n h v been useless in ordinary sea - going c on diti n hi a e t o ease o s . o e e s H w v r, in nxi ty pl he a e e the S an tia o at ea e e se lt r d g gr t xp n , so that she might fulfil the literal term s

am of the contract an d prove a useful ste er .

But he did not think that the directors use d him well in claiming t o exact p en alties for e a e e and con d l y in d liv ry, in sequen ce he was not desirous of building m s f r m ore ve sels o the .

s c e o e who as At thi jun tur J hn Eld r, chief draughtsman had much to do with the S antia o ffi c es e t o ea e g di ulty, d ir d l v , and on 27th August 1 852 wr ote t o his employer in the foll owing terms

DEA R S IR —In com a ce w t he e , pli n ith lib rty granted me in your favour of t he 1 8th Marc h an d t he l 6 th e I a e a a e t o o Mess s Jun , h v rr ng d j in r

Ra o El o 85 m a I s a e e o e nd lph li tt Co p ny. h ll th r f r fe el o blige d by your informing me wh at day I 1 86 B E T N A P E RO R I R. might consider mys elf clear of my engagement w ou and be t o s a e a I a e o e ith y , g t t th t h v d n e verything in my p ower for t he last five months t o render this change in the sub - management of yo ur establishment as gradual as possible ; an d if there is anything els e could be done by me either before or after my dis missal it will give me much

as t a a m s e of t h o ple ure o v il y lf e pportunity.

The 1 s t o f S e em e e is m a e da pt b r n xt y qu rt r y ,

' and co e e I s o like t o c ose w ou , if nv ni nt, h uld l ith y an d o so s at a me —I am e a Sir o s y ur n th t ti . , d r , y ur

e O HN ELDER . v ry truly, J

’ John Elder s agreement was entered into

1 846 n n m a d ot e e for some e . in , did xpir ti

e e was no es o of sm ssa as Th r qu ti n di i l, Mr Napier was sorry t o lose his services ; but he reluctantly assented to his reque st t o

’ e a on o a s o ce d p rt f ur d y n ti .

The Pacific Company found John Elder

n a m f A s a e ger co petitor or their orders . is e o he o ce o the w ll kn wn, intr du d int me ca e ma e the com o e e r ntil rin p und ngin , with its consequent reduction of c oal

1 88 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

he ecame so e a e and m c t o b l p rtn r, did u h

e nhan ce the reputation of the Clyde as

a c e e his c e m s Shipbuilding ntr , hi f triu ph

being the Cunard steamers Umbr ia and

E tr ur ia the co s c o of c he , in n tru ti n whi h

was a ass s e e e who bly i t d by Mr Sh ph rd,

’ s ccee e him at a ier s es a s me u d d N p t bli h nt,

and hi F irfi ld afterwards followed m t o a e .

e was a . o e e . Wh n J hn Eld r l ving, Mr A C

Kirk was entering on his apprenticeship

at V ca o s mos a e e ul n F undry . Thi t t l nt d

en ee on com e o of his e e gin r, pl ti n ind ntur ,

e t o o o e e he occ e a w nt L nd n , wh r upi d

’ promin ent position in M essrs Maudslays

e a s m his to co a st bli h ent . On return S tl nd

’ he became manager of M essrs Youngs

Pa affi o s e e he e o o se r n W rk , wh r r v luti ni d

h s few ea s a e he oo t e indu try . A y r l t r t k

’ c a e of ess s e s e - o s and h rg M r Eld r Engin W rk , superintended their transference from Centre

he se m e a Fairfi ld Street to t pre nt pre is s t e .

O n the ea of a e he d th Mr N pi r , with B E T N A P E ( i N 1 9 RO R I R S O S . 8

f o e s ac e the s ess o . a e th r , quir d bu in R N pi r

85 o s an d his ca ac as sen o S n , in p ity i r

’ a e h fi rm a He p rtn r upheld t e s reput tion . took an active part in the introduction of s ee o s n and the t l int hipbuildi g, built

- P a r isia n the s a c . ma s eame r , fir t Atl nti il t co s c of h n w ma e a 1 881 n tru ted t e e t ri l . In he successfully introduce d into the mer cantile ma e the e e a s on e e rin tripl xp n i ngin , which has sin ce been universally adopted ; an d a few years late r was entrusted by the Russian and British Governments with

e s o e s for s c ass of mac th ir fir t rd r thi l hin ery .

The last mail - ste amer he engine d was the

e e O hir c was se ec e as Ori nt lin r p , whi h l t d the vessel best suite d for the conveyan ce of their Royal Highn esses the Prin ce and

Princess of Wales in their tour of the

B s om o s — a se ce c she riti h d ini n , rvi whi h

f all performe d t o the satisfaction o .

Even at the present day the connection

is ma a e ac e the e - o int in d, Mr Gr i , w ll kn wn B E T N A P E 1 90 RO R I R.

ecto of e ee at Fai rfield e dir r ngin ring , b ing an old Napier appre ntice .

In 1 853 Mr Napier adopte d his sons as

a e s and a e e the s e of his firm p rtn r , lt r d tyl “ t o o e a e 85 o s e c R b rt N pi r S n , und r whi h

c o o design ation it was h en ef rth kn wn . This was a e m a move o a e pr li in ry , but unf rtun t ly the change was n ot a suc ce ss ; an d within a few months we find him regretting the s e he had a e and ma his m t p t k n , king up ind

! t o e e t o the old o e a e c r v rt R b rt N pi r, whi h

am he did in dee d if n ot in n e . Mention may here be made of an inter estin g episode illustrating the p eculiar att itude which the British Government

ccas o a a o s o a s its s ec s o i n lly d pt t w rd ubj t .

Shortly before the Crimean War the

Russian Government ordered some engines

om a e an d e the war - c o fr N pi r, wh n l ud

a e e e of oss e os i es d rk n d, in vi w p ibl h t liti

em t o a e m fi rm they sold th G r an . On declaration of war the British Government

1 92 B E T N A P E RO R I R. was o e eco se an d he o a e pr p rly r gni d, bt in d

h o c t e desired pr te tion .

The British Government ultimately took

’ the engin es in accordance with Napier s s es o an d e e e e on oa ugg ti n , th y w r fitt d b rd

e d T r ansit Th a E M s s Ur nt an . e e . . hip g l tt r

esse ma b e o se e had a s ome a v l, it y b rv d, wh t

o a e ca ee an d was a ec e unf rtun t r r, fin lly wr k d

h a of on t e co st China .

The dimension s of vessels were in the mea me s c eas so t o me e nti till in r ing ; , t the o e eme s of s o e s gr wing r quir nt hip wn r ,

a e c ase mo e o at o a N pi r pur h d r gr und G v n , an d laid ou t a new yard where he c ould

e s s t o 400 ee build v s el up f t long .

Owing t o the conditions of the Govern me s s the a com a had nt ub idy, Cun rd p ny hitherto built woode n vessels for their mail service ; but n ow they resolve d to a o o and a e out the co ac for d pt ir n , g v ntr t

the P ersia .

This vessel was a great advance on any

1 94 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

co s e a o of the s ec to e ou n id r ti n ubj t, writ y

ec and t o s a e a m e o e are dir t, t t th t y p pl

t o go ove r the de tails of the specification

omso e o s t o the m with Mr R . Th n pr vi u sa e

e a e o e u for a Bu b ing l id b f r yo approv l . t

as the me s o s are a omso di n i n wh t R . Th n

can o o c a e to e es a ou n t t u h , I h v r qu t th t y

give the following your imme diate con

s e a on and a e o as am mos id r ti tt nti n, I t un easy regarding the success of this vessel

as a o e for am co ce ess wh l ; I nvin d, unl the ea es ca e a e o and me gr t t r , tt nti n, judg nt

are e xercise d in the getting up of this

a e esse a m e o e a l rg v l with li it d p w r, th t

there i s a very gr eat r isk of f a ilur e in on e

O n the o e a or a o e . thing n th r th r h nd,

ca e is a e and we are n ot nu if r t k n,

m t o me o s & ecessa a e e as s C . n rily tr ll d di n i n , ,

I ha ve no f ea rs but tha t a good r esult will be obta ined and om the as , I think fr p t e xperience had of my character in such matt ers you may have every confiden ce

1 96 B E T N A P E RO R I R . and at the how e e ace a o a w r pl d di g n lly, with a view t o greate r strength in the

s a event of a collision . Thi rrange ment stood her in good stead whe n on one occasion she ran into an iceberg stem on and e sca e s ama e Her , p d with light d g . cabin s we re of the most sumptuous de sc o an d accommo a o was o e ripti n, d ti n pr vid d for a 300 a s Her c os was n e rly p s engers . t about and at the time of her

a c c oo ace the ese ce l un h, whi h t k pl in pr n of eo e she was the es and p pl , fin t

a e se a oa l rgest v s l fl t .

She was e a a 1 856 an d tri d in J nu ry , steame d from the Cloch Lighthouse t o

Be B o a s a c e of 1 75 o s ll u y, di t n kn t , in

1 0 o s 43 m es s s ee o h ur inut , thi p d w rking ou at the a e of o e 1 6 no s an o t r t v r k t h ur .

the a o os the ea At tri l trip, in pr p ing h lth “ of the e B s sa a e build r, Mr urn id, Mr N pi r had built forty large vessels for the Com

’ n s es and e e n e e had ee pa y lin , th r v r b n E ( ft S N 1 9 ROB E RT N A P I R O S . 7 a fault or a mistake from the starting to

f an on f m the carrying out o y e o the .

s was sa n a as ea e e e Thi yi g v t d l, but th y w r

! o him so indebted t .

The P ersi a may be c on side red the first of th a e o s She a e e Atl ntic gr yh und . dd d much to the prestige of the Cunard Com

a e mo o s o se e p ny, it b ing hu r u ly b rv d in

e e ence t o her e She has nae ee r f r build r, p r

n h a c e the s a e s o t e Atl nti . Ev n Engli h p p r

“ o e m s be co esse she is the wr t , It u t nf d

a can be o e fin est ship afloat . Wh t d n by o e s is one a has ee o e th r thing, wh t b n d n by Mr Napier is an othe r Mr Kirkcaldy

e a sec o a a of her c had the dr w ti n l pl n , whi h unique distinction of being the only mechan ical drawingever exhibite d at the Royal m Acade y .

During the Crimean War the Govern ment ordere d from London and elsewhere wooden Ships cased with iron plates ;

as ese e e n ot a s ccess e but th w r u , th y 1 98 B E T N A P E RO R I R. c ommission ed Napier t o build an iron

s f a m a esc o She was ve sel o Si il r d ripti n . c a e the E rebus an d the mos e a ll d , t xtr ordinary e xe rtion s were put forth t o con s c her a as the co ac was a e tru t r pidly , ntr t t k n

a a of £1 000 a - d She was with pen lty ay .

1 86 ee o 48 ee oa an d was f t l ng by 4f t br d, case d with 44- inch armour plates place d on 6 - a The o was inch te k backing . w rk

s e on and da no e e an pu h d night y, f w r th

1 200 men bein g employed on her con s c o a o the e tru ti n . L id d wn in b ginning of the ea she was a c e her y r, l un h d , with mac e on oa on 1 9 1 856 hin ry b rd , th April , having bee n only three and a half months in a She e t e da for P o s h nd . l f n xt y rt mo and eac e ea at the c ose uth, r h d Spith d l of the n aval review held then on 23rd

The c e for s e o was April . r dit thi xpl it

d u t o ames a e e . a e l rg ly Mr J R N pi r, but the s a o s e e e on his ea and tr in t ld v r ly h lth,

o a te a s he e e omth firm so n f rw rd r tir d fr e .

B E E ( it N 1 99 RO RT N A P I R S O S .

am s n t a ac ca e . a e e o J R N pi r, whil pr ti l

s ess man was ossesse of bu in , p d high sc e c a a m s ca e at as i ntifi tt in ent . Edu t d Gl

ow U e s e e he oo a g niv r ity, wh r t k high plac e in the mathematical classes taught

P ofesso omso the a e of o by r r Th n , f th r L rd

Ke he a e his o e e to lvin, ppli d kn wl dg ma e a c ec e an d was on e of rin r hit tur , the first t o investigate theoretically the intricate question of strains in iron

e ss s He was an m e e of v el . inti at fri nd

P o esso a e who o e him r f r R nkin , j in d with and others in writing a treatise on ship

c h was eco se as a building, whi r gni d s a a o t nd rd w rk .

He also in stituted elaborate measure d mile trials (now so unive rsal! for t he pur pose of acquiring accurate data regarding the performances of vessels He was an

a oca e of o o a e - es and had dv t h ll w w t r lin , strong views on this subj ect which were exemplifie d in a steame r calle d the 200 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

A thanasia n him to s a e , built by illu tr t

em th .

After retiral from business he devote d his t me t o c e c s s an d his i S i ntifi pur uit , society was much cultivated by Lord

Ke co c o om ma lvin , in njun ti n with wh ny a s s m b tru e proble s were investigated .

He ma e se e a o sea - o a es d v r l l ng v y g , an d devoted Special attention t o matters co ec e n a a o s c as er nn t d with vig ti n , u h p fecting compasses and methods of obtain

a ee sea - so s eas ing r pidly d p unding , id which his friend Lord Kelvin afterwards

brought t o perfection .

He built a fishing steamer called the

I s lesma n c e e em o e mos , in whi h w r b di d t

of the ideas to be found in the modern

- e well trawl r .

For ordinary domestic wants he patente d

s o es and an a a a s for ma c offee t v , pp r tu king

is s asse and o which still un urp d, kn wn by

“ ! f Th e off - the familiar name o e Napi r C ee pot .

202 BE T N A P E RO R I R.

Mr Napie r t ook a warm interest in the affa s of the of as o he ir City Gl g w, but

e e as e to m c a o o s o n v r pir d uni ip l h n ur , th ugh his son - in - law Mr Alexande r Hastie was

o P o os and e ese e the L rd r v t, r pr nt d City in

Pa ame rli nt.

1 857 at the me of the sas e s t o In , ti di t r the es e an d of as o Ba s W t rn City Gl g w nk ,

e e was eat s ess and B s th r gr di tr , Mr urn , who had been interested in the Western

Ba o e a e as o o s nk, wr t Mr N pi r f ll w

G S GO 27 th N ovember 1857 . LA W,

MY DEAR SIR - A e a on is o t o o e , d put ti g ing G v rn me on the es e s a e of mo e ma e s e e nt pr nt t t n y tt r h r , and I have been re ques te d t o beg mos t urgently

a o u w o You w ll not be as e t o th t y ill j in it. i k d do anything more than S how face ; but that is

co s e e o f co se e ce and I am s e ou n id r d n qu n , ur y — will be willing t o lend a helping hand Yo urs

BUR N S . e . v ry truly , G

T o R R N P R E s . OBE T A IE , q ,

ol en C ross on on . G d , L d

The deputation was to consist of the B E T N A P E ( fa S N S 203 RO R I R O .

Lord Provost and some leading men ; and in the letter intimating t o Mr Napier

a he had ee n om a e c on th t b n in t d, Mr Cri ht

“ sayS ° You have been selecte d as being the employer of a very large number of mec a cs an d as e e a s e e h ni , b ing p rh p b tt r known t o the Government th an any othe r

! a e c of as o priv t itizen Gl g w .

a e o e e e s m a s Mr N pi r, h w v r, whil y p thi ing

the s ess not see his wa to with di tr , did y

o the mo emen c came t o j in in v t, whi h no thing .

O n e outc ome of the visit which her

Maj esty Queen Victoria paid t o Glasgow in 1849 was a revival of inte rest in the

Cathe dral ; and a movement was set on

oo t o m o e the e ce and o ce f t i pr v difi , intr du staine d glass windows in the aisle to give a dim o s sc eme religi us light . In thi h Mr

a e oo a ea e es and he o e N pi r t k gr t int r t, wr t

n e who Was e o P ro Sir A dr w Orr, th n L rd

os e es hi s s e s . v t, xpr ing vi w 204 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

W S H D 2l st A r il 1 857 E T S AN ON , p .

MY DEA R O RD P Rovosr - I am a o e L , f v ur d with your n ote of yeste rday requesting me to attend a meeting of Committee on Friday n ext to c on sider the Report

o a e a o s up n C th dr l Wind w .

I am sorry that a previous engagement for that day (and which I cannot get off

om e e me om se fr ! will pr v nt fr being pre nt .

a e o e e m c eas e s a I h v , h w v r, u h pl ur in t t ing that I c on sider Mr Stirling an d the gentlemen who drew up the report de serve the best thank s of the subsc ribers for the ca e c ea an d c o c s e ma e r ful, l r, n i nn r in which they have place d the whole sub j ect conn ected with this painted glass movement before all who are interested in it .

“ I n otice that the feeling of the Com mittee is decidedly in favour of employing

o e n a s s ee s ch is the case f r ig rti t . S ing u ,

i not sse a o o a e I w ll di nt, lth ugh I w uld h v

6 B E T N A P E 20 RO R I R. co s a e me an d co et a e e uld p r ti , uld g g ntl man s c as a or an o e u h Digby Wy tt, y th r

e a e so ac a e art t o o n utr l p r n qu int d with , g a o him t o the o e an d see l ng with C ntin nt, what has bee n d one and d oing in staine d

ass an d e o the me and mo e gl , r p rt, ti n y

o b e e e k — I am m w uld w ll Sp nt, I thin , y

ea o P o os o s a f d r L rd r v t, y ur f ith ully,

. A P IER R N .

Mr Napier an d his son John are each repre sented by a window in the south - east co e of the c o of the a e a the rn r h ir C th dr l, subj ects being Simon an d Matthias the

o ap stles .

He also took part in the movement for tran sferring the University to a more suit able Site ; an d his firm subscribe d £2000 towards the fund for erecting the n ew

at ilm r hill buildings G o e . In the midst of multitudinous corre spondence Napie r still kept in touch with B E T N A P E ( it S N 2 7 RO R I R O S . 0

old e s s c as ca an d Melvill fri nd , u h Dun n ,

th f m wa n w K B e a e o o s o a . C . l tt r wh .

This chapte r may therefore b e fittingly closed with a letter Showing that the

O pinion Sir James had expresse d t o Cunard

’ in forme r years as to Napier s c apability

had only inte nsified with years

E S D US 24th December 1856 . A T IN IA HO E,

MY DEA R MR N A P ER — Ve m a an s I , ry ny th k for t he memori al s o well told and illustrated of

a ea m an Wa th t gr t tt. Were he alive he would designate my friend

Ro e N a e as t he man who a o ve all o e b rt pi r , b th r

men has e ac ca ef ec t o the living , giv n pr ti l f t

e o s o f Wa and has ass e t o the wo inv nti n tt, p d rld

h a es s of s eam a a o I in t e gre t bl ing t n vig ti n . my c onscience b elieve th at t he bes t vessels

ar ose w w c ou a e had t o d o afloat e th ith hi h y h v .

Ma a s mases t o ou m de a ny h ppy Chri t y , y r

e and t o ea Mrs N a e and t o all o fri nd , d r pi r, y ur

am t o e ac of w om a es e ou r e f ily, h h pr y pr nt unit d — regards an d best wishes Ever affectionately

ME LL o s A MES LVI . y ur , J C . CHAPTER XIII .

L D IRO N C A S .

— — A DMIRALTY ORDE RS BLA CK P RI NCE PA R KHEA D FORGE R051? — — — - KRA KE TUR KISH FR IGATES N EP T UNE S CO TI A CAP E MAIL — — STEAMERS QUEEN or THE THA MES P RACTICAL RETIR AL “ — MEAS URED MILE - LAST P UBLIC AP PEAR ANCE Hos T — P ITA LI Y HONOUR S .

T O U n ea se e ea s of a e AL H GH rly v nty y r g ,

a e was s e ac s Mr N pi r till v ry tive . Thi is amply proved by the fac t that he then struck out into a n ew line whereby he

c ease his ame ma n the of in r d f , ki g building

a s s a a of his s ess b ttle hip speci l feature bu in .

Th m o o 111 had e e E peror Nap le n . giv n orders for the con struction of an ironclad

c th loire s n ew de frigate alled e G . Thi

a e co e an s a ac p rtur , upl d with unu u l tivity

the e c oc a s ca se s e in Fr n h d ky rd , u d di qui t

f nm in the mind o the British Gover ent .

N LA D 209 IRO C S .

To meet the emergen cy the Admiralty determine d to lay down large sea - going

esse s case a mo a es an d v l , d with r ur pl t ; in the early part of 1 859 they addressed to ess s a e a c o e a e e M r N pi r nfid nti l l tt r, re questing a design an d suggestion s for

a s o - oo a e of 36 s case h t pr f frig t gun , d with

45- inch armour plates from the uppe r deck t o five feet below the load wate r

n e t o s eam 1 3 o s an d t o b e ca a e li , t % kn t , p bl of carrying weights amountin g t o 1200

o s a o t o coa s for at eas se e t n , in dditi n l l t v n m days full stea ing .

Mr Napier personally went very care

o the e a s of the es and fully int d t il d ign, in the en d of February submitte d three m e s an d ans for the o s od l pl pr po ed Ship .

Two months later he received the follow ing letter

th A r il A D R 3o 1859. MI ALTY, p

SIR - I am comma e m L o s omm s , nd d by y rd C i S ioners of the A dmiralty t o thank you for your

0 21 0 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

ea and c ee com a ce w e w s es r dy h rful pli n ith th ir i h , and for t he very creditable design furnishe d by you for an iron - case d frigate ; and am now t o re quest you will state t he price per t on an d t he S hortest time you will require for buildin g a ess e of s esc o t he d aw s and v l thi d ripti n, r ing S pecification for which will be ready for inspec tion at t he ofli ce of t he Surveyor of t he N avy

Th e s ar t s on Monday next . e tend r e o be ent

e s ea t o the S v e o of t he N a ma e und r l ur y r vy, rk d ! T e e for o Vess e so as t o be ece e nd r Ir n l , r iv d

oo on S a a t he 7 th Ma — I am Sir by n n turd y y , ,

o o e e s e a O R R . y ur b di nt rv nt, H . C Y

R . N P R E s . A IE , q

It will be observed that less than a week was given within which to in spect the drawings and specification an d send

in a tender ; but y et Mr Napier on 6th May offered t o build an d engin e the ship within a year for the sum of

hi e e of O ffe e e e ce s e . s t rling In l tt r r, r f r n

was ma e to the o e of the o and d n v lty w rk,

the diffi culty of forming a fair estimate of

nd m essa e e was the c ost a ti e nec ry . Th r

21 2 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

as T th w e e o e . o co s c e esse ntir ly n v l n tru t v l, mo e o at o a had t o b e ac e r gr und G v n quir d, and a promise obtain ed from the Clyde

Trustee s that they would deepe n the river to the depth nec essary for the launch and

a f h e s fe seaward passage o t e frigat .

The B la ck P r ince measured n early 420

ee o e all and her s aceme was 9800 f t v r , di pl nt

o h w m o an t ns . S e as thus uch l nger d heavier than any work which had hitherto

ee e a e a a b n und rt k n in Gov n Y rd .

The difficulties that arose during con s c o e e ea a e a ca a e of tru ti n w r gr t . M t ri l p bl s a the n ew es s c e e o t nding t t , whi h w r rig r ou sl a e c o o be ot a e on y ppli d, uld nly g ft r l g

e a an d at e o m a e os d l y n r ously incre s d c t .

The trouble expe rienced with the mas s e s e ame the a mo a es iv t rn fr , with r ur pl t ,

a s 8t o so e a e the o a with pl n , . , r t rd d w rk, th t instead of being finished in twelve months as a c a e the esse was o e two nti ip t d, v l v r

ea s the e c on y r in Clyd under con stru ti . LA D IRON C S . 21 3

A ll o s ac es o e e e e a o e b t l , h w v r, w r fin lly v r come and the B la ck P rince c s e e , , hri t n d

ss a e of Sau hfield e e e the by Mi N pi r g , nt r d

a n 2 h 1 861 Her a c w te r o 7t February . l un h was con side re d such a great eve nt in Glas gow that it was made the occasion of a public h oliday ; an d e ve n Profe ssor Lush ington adj ourne d his Greek class with the “ remark that this was a sight the Athe n

a s o a e o e to see The esse i n w uld h v l v d . v l was taken to Gree nock about a fortnight

a e t o be s e an d she ema e e e l t r fini h d, r in d th r

a h nd f h e r till ne rly t e e o t e y a .

A S might have been expecte d in view of the c c ms a ces of the case the co ac s ir u t n , ntr t for the Wa r ri or an d B la ck P ri nce prove d most unre mun erative t o the builders ; but while the Admiralty willingly compen sate d the s co ac o e ec e t o Engli h ntr t r, th y d lin d

e m se the co s on s in u r i bur S tti h e . Thi j s

ce o e e was not a o e t o ass ti , h w v r, ll w d p ; an d e e a a e on e a a v ntu lly, ft r l g d l y, N pier 21 4 B E T N A P E RO R I R. got his claims recognised and his loss in

a o gre t measure made go d .

Many years before this time Mr Napier had ac e the Parkhead o e an d the quir d F rg , man agement of it was undertaken by his

- - l son in aw . e o c a s , Mr Rigby Wh n ir n l d

e e e co em a e ce w r b ing nt pl t d, Mr Rigby indu d his e Bea mo e who was e fri nd Mr rd r , th n an e ee o o t o o him and ngin r in L nd n, j in ,

e oo o e the o e c was th y t k v r F rg , whi h carrie d on under the style of Messrs Rigby

85 Bea m e e ' o a rd or . Th y put d wn he vy

o - m s the e o of ma n r lling ill , with int nti n ki g armour plates ; but n ot succeeding in this the mills were adapted for the production of s and o e a es c the firm hip b il r pl t , in whi h

a a e and o a s ess did l rg pr fit ble bu in . Rigby

e 1 863 and his ow a se di d in , wid , dvi d by the a iers om he had a o e as N p , wh pp int d his s ees ca e on the s ess tru t , rri d bu in in c o c on Bea mo e 18 2 njun ti with Mr rd r till 7 .

am Bea mo e who s ccee e his Mr Willi rd r , u d d

N LA D 2 IRO C S . 1 5

a e ma a e to ca out s ccess f th r, n g d rry u fully the original intention of armour- plate mak in and e e a 1 900 a e g; v ntu lly, in , with vi w t o ou t a s of war com e e turning hip pl t ,

m s 85 h a o e es c . e with r ur, gun , ngin , , pur ch ased from the Napiers the parent busi n ess f a e 85 S o s: o R . N pi r n

After the successful completion of the

B la ck P r ince the Danish Government com missione d M essrs Napie r t o build a war

esse s s a ce the a es had v l . In thi in t n D n

’ such confiden ce in Mr Napier s integrity an d uprightness that they made him sole arbiter in the contract which they e ntere d

e s s a e 85 . into with M s r R . N pi r Sons

’ The R olf Kr a ke was a handy Ship of a n ew es a me o ea ns d ign , r d with f ur h vy gu ,

ace in e s or s e s as a e e pl d turr t hi ld , p t nt d

a o e o e the war be by Capt in C wp r C l s . In tween D enmark an d Prussia in 1 86 6 she

a e a oo acco of e se e e g v g d unt h r lf, b ing fir d at 150 mes and com n off sca ti i g un thed . 21 6 B E T N A P I E RO R R.

She turne d the tables completely again st the Prussians ; and c ompetent authorities have asserte d that if the Danes had pos

’ sesse d more R olf Kr akes the result of the war e e f e would hav b en di f rent .

The Turkish Government was the n ext

o e n Po e to e s o his se ces f r ig w r r qui iti n rvi , and entruste d him with an order for three

a e a es—the Osma n Ghaz the A bdul l rg frig t y,

h r ha A me and t e O k n . ,

a s o e the ce e a e ca D vid Living t n , l br t d Afri n

’ a e e was on e of a ier s ac a tr v ll r, N p qu int ances and e s co 1 865 ; b ing in thi untry in , he was aske d t o the trial trip of the Osman

z c was a ea i Gha e e . v y, whi h gr t v nt Li ng

’ stone s reply t o this invitation will be

ea e es co a as oes r d with int r t, nt ining, it d ,

of hi a glimpse s private life .

B UR K R D NBAN OA , HAMILTON, 24ih u 5 J ne 186 .

MY DE AR MR N A P ER - I an ou e m c I , th k y v ry u h for kindly remembering me in t he launch and trial trip .

N LADS 21 IRO C . 7

I S hall be unable t o avail mys elf of t he pleas ure o f s eeing t he launch ; but I s hould like s o very much t o s ee an ironclad performing under your

s e e e ce a o ss e I S a be up rint nd n , th t if p ibl h ll present at t he trial trip of Osma n Gha z y on

We a dnesd y.

In t he s a ma o t o m e s giving u u l inti ti n y fri nd , I qu ite forgot t o s end one t o you an d Mrs N apier

f m m e a - tw a o t he ea o o e e o . b ut d th y th r, g d ighty

S he s a t o me w e o awa s e e ea s id , h n g ing y v n y r

a o a S he woul e t o a e on e of her g , th t d lik h v “ ! a t o la her ea in t he a e T a l ddi es y h d gr v . h t

w s was a e for I e o me t he as i h gr nt d , p rf r d l t duty

t o her es e a y t rd y . T ell Mrs N apier that t he great change appeare d

l an o e o e t he c os e in c e ea on y h ur b f r l qui k r br thing . “ M S s e sa I the S a o has come for y i t r id , think vi ur ! mo e ou can e o s e t o m o u Hi . y , th r ; y lipp n y ur lf

O h es S he s a in a wa a o we S co c y , id y th t nly t h

can e s a a e a as o o t o our e und r t nd , g v l t l k littl girl ,

! an d s a o e wee ass e c ose her e es and id , b nni l i , l d y ,

s o o l was o e n al v r. We are thankful t o believe S he is safe in t he

a e of me c T es e e s we me o h v n r y . h littl thing nti n — only t o friends who can appreciate them Ever

s DA D L V N T N E o V GS O . y ur , I I I

After finishing the warships for the 21 8 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

a a 1e was comm ss o e the Sult n, N p r i i n d by

Netherlands Government t o build for them

two c oas - e e ce esse s the De B u el t d f n v l , fi and De T er yg . Further contracts for large warships for the B s a o o e and the s eam riti h N vy f ll w d , tr of orders from this source flowed hence

o f rth uninterruptedly .

While engaged on this heavy class of

o ess s a e o me to con w rk, M r N pi r f und ti s c a e s eame the N e tu ne tru t riv r t r, p , with which they emulated the success attaine d

ea a s the Clar ence in rly d y by .

The N e tune was a e as oa and p v ry f t b t, had many features that were then novel

es s c as o e a o a e es ti , u h d ubl di g n l ngin

’ n at s ee f o s a e runni g high p d, Gi f rd p t nt

ec o s s e hea e s the e u inj t r , up r t r in funn l p

a es e sma a e - ee s o oa s t k , v ry ll p ddl wh l , ir n fl t ,

85 85C c . . ,

sm now of ess s sm Mr Dun uir, M r Dun uir

85 ac son was ace c a e of the J k , pl d in h rg

A D 21 9 IRON CL S .

en e - oom and his a s She was the gin r , in h nd s tes ess on the e a a a wif t v el riv r, tt ining s ee of 21 m es an o e es p d il h ur, with ngin making seventy - three revolutions per min u t on he e . After running two seasons t

Clyde She was sold t o run the American

oc a e a a and o e bl k d between H vann M bil ,

nsm h r Du uir agree ing to go with e .

O n her way out she was n early wrecked off the coas of Po a a een a t rtug l, h ving b n vi

a e gated t oo n ear the shore among bre k rs .

She was e as os and no o giv n up l t, d ubt would have been but for her great engine

o e c she was e al a e p w r, by whi h lit r ly dr gg d

o the s c was ea o e thr ugh urf, whi h br king v r her nd a a s ma e a e n a o esc e . , thu d v ry rr w p

When coali ng at St Thomas She was

a c e the Wa shita one of the w t h d by ,

as es c se s in the me ca a f t t rui r A ri n N vy, comma e the a m a es nd d by d ring Ad ir l Wilk , of aso and lid ll ame o soone M n S de f . N r had the N eptune cleare d the harbour than 220 B E T N A P E RO R I R . it was seen that the cruiser was pursu ing her The chase was maintained all da e o e a sa ea e the y, but b f r d ylight di pp r d

Washita was e o n on the o o l ft hull d w h riz n .

All night the N eptune was kept going at her t o s ee and e mo e e p p d, by n xt rning th r was n o a ea a ce of her e pp r n pursu r .

There were several very hot runs about

a b ut She ma a e s ccess to ass Cub , n g d u fully p

’ four times through Admiral Farragu t s

oc a s a o O n one of ese bl k ding qu dr n . th

e es she was ea ca e a n v ntur n rly ptur d, h vi g gone on a sand - bank during the night at the critical juncture of pas sing through the ee She ema e a o for a o fl t . r in d gr und b ut

ee o s n all s me the thr h ur . Duri g thi ti e es e e e o at s ee an d ngin w r k pt g ing full p d, at daybreak she had the good fortune to

off Had the esse n ot ee ex e pull . v l b n c p tionall s o is e e she co n ot y tr ng, it vid nt uld have stood the very rough treatment she co a ce e ntinu lly re iv d .

221 IRON CLA DS .

Th e profits on blockade - running were e o mo s amo s case t o n r u , unting in thi

a and u sm on om trip ; D n uir, wh so m c e e e was o ece u h d p nd d, nly r iving 1 f h £ 00 or t e double run .

e the o s cc ess run he e Aft r f urth u ful , v ry reasonably requeste d that his remun era tion Should b e doubled ; but the own ers

e s s he es e e e and r fu ing thi , r ign d with r gr t, on the n ext attempt the N ep tune was ca e ptur d .

She was a e as a e t o o o t k n priz N rf lk,

e sa ea e Ba an d se the in Ch p k y, u d by Northern States for watching othe r block

- e s ade runn r .

In 1 86 1 - 62 two vessels were built for — the n a om a the a e - s eame Cu rd C p ny, p ddl t r

cotia an d a sc e - s ame ca the hina S e e C . , r w t r ll d

The days of the Atlantic paddle - steamer were numbere d ; and it may be mention e d

that in the letter inviting the tender for the

S cotia there is reference to the possibility 222 B E T N A P E RO R I R. of her ma e a s o ma o o a sc ew ulti t tr n f r ti n int r , and provision was t o b e made for doing so s e a a oo a m . Thi chang ctu lly t k pl ce so e

ea s a e e she was c ase y r l t r, wh n pur h d by the Telegraph Constructio n and Mainten a ce om a and co e e o a n C p ny, nv rt d int twin

c ese two esse s e e th as s rew. Th v l w r e l t ordered by the Cunard Company from Mr

Napier.

In 1864 he undertook t o build two large fast screw steamers for the Compagnie

— th P ereir e é é a e a sa a e . e G n r l Tr n tl ntiqu viz , and the Ville de P a r is ese the . With th blue ribbon of the Atlantic was wrested

m om fro the ir British c petitors .

Mr Napier had previous experience of the e e os of the e c s ce he g n r ity Fr n h, in had attended the great Exhibition of 1 855 in an of c a ca ac and had e ee fi i l p ity, th n b n created a Chevalie r of the Legion of Hon our ow he was e o e an d e e . N xt ll d f t d by them ; and when present at the Exhibition

N LA D IRO C S . 223 of 1 86 7 the Empress Eugenie was so struck with his dignifie d appearan ce that She re quested that he should b e specially pre

t h r se nte d o e .

An other conn ection he forme d was with

o a e who e s e the con Sir D n ld Curri , ntru t d struction first of his sailing - ships an d aft erwards the greate r part of his flee t

’ of C ape mail - steamers t o Mr Napier s

Special refere nce may also b e made to the co ac he e ce e om his old c s ome s ntr t r iv d fr u t r , the a o e me for the oo s Indi n G v rn nt, tr p hip

la ba r s ma ce ec m of M a . Thi gnifi nt Sp i en

a a a c ec e es e . n v l r hit tur , d ign d by Sir E J .

ee was s e s t o the S er a is c R d, Si t r hip p , whi h was chosen as the vessel most suitable for his a es the K e as P ce of M j ty ing wh n, rin

h s a a es e e . W l , vi it d Indi

In 1 870 Messrs D evitt 85 M oore ordere d a large ste ame r called the Queen of the

hames was th e o of h r T . It e int nti n e 224 B E T N A P E RO R I R. owners t o run steamers t o Australia Cap able of making the passage in forty days ; and s was the o ee es e ess s thi pi n r v s l . M r

D evitt 85 M oore contemplate d building six vessels of her type t o maintain the ser

ce bu t mos o a e the s eame vi , t unf rtun t ly t r on her first h omeward passage was wrecked at a e as and co se e ce the C p Agulh , in n qu n

s w enterpri e as abandone d .

Te n years later the scheme was again

m 85 o e e ess s eo e o so C . r viv d by M r G rg Th p n , and o t o a s ccess u ss e — ess s br ught u f l i u , M r

’ a iers firm of c K was e N p , whi h Dr irk th n the ea co s c n the A ber deen the h d, n tru ti g ,

first vessel fitted with triple - e xpan sion engin es .

The Dutch Tran satlantic Company in

1 871 favoure d Mr Napie r with a large order ;

and his former friends the Pacific Company

him a e e t o . o ac s s c s ese r turn d C ntr t u h th , along with numerous important Govern m hi e o e s e s o s e em o e . nt rd r , k pt W rk w ll pl y d

D 225 IRON CLA S .

C ompetition gradually grew keen er ; but

Mr Napie r always in siste d that the qual ity of work turne d ou t by his firm must

h en it was su b e of t e very best . Wh g gested to him that the exigencies of the

m e c ea e me o s he o ti es requir d h p r th d , w uld

ea of o e of em sa he o h r n n th , ying w uld, if n ee b e e e om s ess t a his d , r tir fr bu in , but h t

name must n e ver be associate d with work

that could b e con sidered in any way

o inferi r .

A S years presse d on him the active

“ management devolved more and more on

his son o a e the con , Mr J hn N pi r, but

dition s with which he was confronte d

made it impossible t o carry on the Works

a o a e e e s a profit bly . Mr J hn N pi r n v r hr nk

from his difficult task ; but though an able

e ee his a e o was so a e ngin r, tt nti n t k n up

with the gen eral man agement of affairs

that few opportunities were afforded him

of his mec a ca e was indulging h ni l b nt . It ,

P 226 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

“ o e e at his s a ce a the meas h w v r, in t n th t u red m e at S e mo e c is s il k l rli , whi h till con sidered the best of its kind in the

n om was a ou t and meas e and ki gd , l id ur d, lette rs were addresse d t o all the ship builders in the following terms °

D U A W LANCEFIEL HO SE , GL SGO ,

3oth A u ust 1 8 6 6 g .

EA R S IRs — We be es ec t o s a e D , gr p tfully t t that havin g long felt the want on the

Clyde of a correct measure d n autical mile for testing the Spee d of large steamers (similar t o what the Admiralty have n ear

Po smo an d e se e e we had the rt uth l wh r !,

Shores of the Clyde e xamin ed for a suit able place for laying off a kn ot ; an d find ing that from Skelmorlie Pier southwards

o a s e the ose we a e t o w uld n w r purp , ppli d

h Hon the a of o for t e Right . E rl Eglint n

n hi o liberty to e rect beacons o s pr perty .

This the Earl at on ce most kindly gave

N LADS 227 IR O C .

e m ss t o do W em o e full p r i ion . e the n pl y d

ess s K e 85 e a o ess s M r yl Fr w, l ng with M r

m 85 Wharrie a e o s as S ith , L nd Surv y r , Gl

ow to m eas e an d la off a o g , ur y kn t,

which they did ; and the reafte r we made

application t o the Lords Commission ers

of the m a e as a a o Ad ir lty, b gging f v ur

a e o se one of e of ce s th t . th y w uld nd th ir fi r

t o re measure and test the correctness

of s o an d we o thi kn t , w uld willingly

h e o s s e bear t e e xpen se . Th ir L rd hip wer

ease t o acce e t o our e es an d pl d d r qu t,

a e a s ma e t o u s a the o ft rw rd inti t d , th t kn t

had be en duly teste d by their offi cers

o c the sam m an d found c rre t . At e ti e

c t o ma e an c a e they de lin e d k y h rg .

“ Their Lordships have caused a printed n otice to m ariners to b e issued from the

o a c e a tme of the m a Hydr gr phi D p r nt Ad ir lty,

i o — W ar o f c the a e e s a c . e e whi h nn x d py ,

e a s o o e e se a s d r Sir , y ur b di nt rv nt ,

A P ER 85 ON R. N I S S . 228 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

E T MAR N ER N OTIC O I S .

6 N o . 3 .

TLA N D— T T S CO WES COAS .

Mea r d Mi e i Fir th o d su e l n f Cly e .

N O T ICE is hereby given that beacons t o indicate t he e of a a ca m e 6 080 ee for es l ngth n uti l il ( f t!, t t in t he s e e of s eam - esse s a e ee e ec e g p d t v l , h v b n r t d

n h eas e s o e of the F of o t e t rn h r irth Clyde . Each beacon consists of a s ingle pole 45 feet high with t wo arms 1 0 feet l ong forming a broad a e 1 5 ee rom t he as e t he w o e e ngl f t f b , h l b ing w painte d hite . The t wo northern beacons are erected near

S e mo e P e the o e one e c os e t o k l rli i r, ut r b ing l t he - wa e S o e on t he so S e and om high t r h r uth id , fr it the inner on e (in a reces s of a cliff! is 83 yards E E a E . is a e S . . . d t nt , b ring by f The t wo s outhern beacons stand on level ground

ea S e mo e as e t he e one e 1 00 n r k l rli C tl , inn r b ing

h one in a E E m t e o e S . E ar s o . . y d fr ut r , by i direction . The courses parallel with the meas ure d mile at right angles t o the line of transit of the beacons

N LADS 229 IRO C .

are a d W W The s o e N . E n S . S . . . N . E . i . 1 h r may be approached t o the distance of a third of a m l i e . GE EN R R CHA R DS O . H Y I ,

H ro ra her yd g p .

DR O GR PH O A D R HY A IC FFICE, MI ALTY,

D 4ih ul 1 86 6 . LON ON, J y

’ O ne of Mr Napier s last public appear ances was at a large social gatherin g of his o me e the a in w rk n, h ld in City H ll

1 h h1 s 868 o e c e es e . t , v r whi h pr id d At re union he relate d t o his employees for their encouragement the story of his early s es and s a e as a o e of his truggl , di pl y d t k n

o me s the amme - ea a ea re f r r kill h r h d, lr dy

e e t o c he had ma e mo e than f rr d , whi h d r

s fifty years previou ly.

Although he now rarely visite d his

o s he was as ac e as e e the W rk , tiv v r in soc a e e and co e to s e se i l Sph r , ntinu d di p n ope n - hande d hospitality at his house at

es a He was in the a of W t Sh ndon . h bit 23 B E T N A P E 0 RO R I R.

e e e s s c as the o o on e g tting l tt r u h f ll wing ,

and these always called forth a cordial response

195 W S RG S R E T GEO E T EET,

Thu rs da 1 8 5October 4. y, 187

MY DEA R S IR —I a e ee e co a e , h v b n n ur g d by

m mo e who has t he eas e of ow y th r, pl ur kn ing

ou t o c a m o ac a a ce as a mem e y , l i y ur qu int n b r o f t he name ; and I prop ose t o do myself t he honour of paying y ou a visit at Shandon on the

a e oo of S a a e is co e e ft rn n turd y n xt, if it nv ni nt

v m t o y ou t o recei e e .

a n w Mr and Mrs Te a I am st yi g ith C . nn nt during the me eting o f t he S ocial S cience C on

ess and Mrs T e na w a a e s e of gr , n nt ill v il h r lf t he s ame o ccasion t o pay her respects t o Mrs

— Be e e me m e a Sir o s e N a e . pi r li v , y d r , y ur v ry

d ETT R K a N A P ER an C . f ithfully, I I

Almost e very person of n ote who came

t o the West of Scotland calle d upon him ;

and Sp ecial me ntion may be made of the

Visit which the Princess Louise paid t o

West Shandon Shortly after he r marriage

f Her o a with the Marquis o Lorn e . R y l

232 B E T N A P E RO R I R . desirous of recognising his services to

a a a c ec e co e e on him the n v l r hit tur , nf rr d honour of Knight Commander of the Danne m f o . o e a a o ce con rat br g A pr in nt n v l fi r, g ulatin him on the occas on o e g i , wr t

I have rej oiced that t he King of Denmark has shown a proper spirit in conferring on you

’ t he o o of on e of De mar s O e s and h n ur n k rd r , may ou r Queen be induced t o show her appre ciat ion of your valuable services t o our N avy by c onferring a S imilar honour in t he shape of ‘ a K B Wh no ? for as a sa s Yo u C . . t c . y , J k y ,

’ ’ s em w s a s em L o ma ou be build e il . ng y y

a w a a a e sp red t o enj oy h t you have alre dy g in d .

This omissio n was c ommente d on at

’ the me of a ier s ea one of the ti N p d th, “ papers boldly saying : Her Maj esty alone

seems t o have been negligent in recog n ising his genius by any distinguishing

ma of o a a o an om ss o c rk r y l f v ur, i i n whi h

does little c redit to the successive Govern

me s c o e his s ll and nt whi h pr fit d by ki , O S E P H H I T W O R T H R . N A PIE R J W ,

P r es id en t . P a s t P r es id en t .

O H N P E N N F . A I R BA I R N J , W , P ' a s t P r es z d en t . P a s t P r es men t .

MA C HES T ER MEET G 1 866 . N IN ,

C HA P T E R XI V

L S I A R C O N G YE S .

— — GOLDEN WEDDING CONGR AT ULATIONS LOSS OF FR IENDS D — —D — EATH OF MRS NAP IER HIS ILLNES S EATH FUNERA L.

I N 1 868 Mr an d Mrs Napier celebrate d

e o e e and e s came th ir g ld n w dding, fri nd from far an d near to offer congratulations an d oo s es f r e a s g d wi h o th ir h ppine s .

What a change had taken place in these fifty years ! Instead of the obscure mechanic living in a humble dwelling in

ea e ee s to ea a sub W v r Str t, truggling rn s s e ce for mse and his o e he i t n hi lf y ung wif , was n ow the most promine nt busine ss man

the es of cot a his es e ce a in W t S l nd, r id n

e a e a ace his soc e co e v rit bl p l , i ty urt d by ma of he a f the ' a Y t ny t gre t o l nd . e in CL O I N YE A S S G R . 235 the m s of all his os e a e id t pr p rity, N pi r

ema e esse a a am man and r in d nti lly f ily , he love d t o spend his time with her who

had been the share r of his j oys and sorrows

o s ma o ea s thr ugh o ny l ng y r .

His old e ence o son fri nd Sir Sp r R bin ,

o o e of the a him on C ntr ll r N vy, writing

s occas o sa thi i n , id

Allow m e t o hope that your annivers ary will be as prosperous and as happy as we sincerely

w s ma be I e e s a how s o a i h it y . quit und r t nd h rt time fifty years may be t o look back upon ; but it is certainly a great an d unspeakable blessing t o

be a e t o oo ac on ears of an o o e bl l k b k fifty y h n ur d ,

se u s ccess c e s a e ass s e an d u f l , u ful publi lif , h r d, i t d , blesse d during that long period by t he clos est and

ea es of ma e a o s d r t hu n r l ti n .

Mrs Napie r was well kn own for her

s ce an d o m ess to all an d in rity unif r kindn ,

there was c on stant reference made t o he r

’ o n s by her husban d s n umerous corresp dent .

O ne of her favourite occupation s was the P E 236 ROB E RT N A I R . s of flax an d eo e a e pinning ; Sir G rg H rv y,

of the o a co s ca em President R y l S tti h A d y , painted her port rait in a most character

h r - is i a e sea e at e ee . t c ttitud , t d Spinning wh l

Sir George was very ple ased with this work ; and having expressed a desi re to

’ her Maj e sty s Commissioners that his art should be represente d by it in the Inter

a o of 1 872 the c e nation l Exhibiti n , pi tur

e was publicly exhibited th re .

Thou gh Mr Napier had good cause for

e o c s s o was em e e r j i ing, till thi j y t p r d with sa e ss as the m e of his e s was dn , nu b r fri nd

os f his ea ao gradually lessening. M t o rly

u aintan ces c the Melvills A sshe q , in luding , t on S m oo can na and his ith, W d, Dun , Cu rd,

m his old ma a e e e e o e . o n g r Eld r, w r g n Fr own immediate circle he had lost his

o e Pe e and his ee so s - in - law br th r t r thr n ,

1 869 his as e and . H ti , Wilkin, Rigby In co s a a e asse a a and u in, D vid N pi r, p d w y, his death was followed some time after

YE A CL OS IN G RS . 237

a s a of his o e ames w rd by th t br th r J , with

om h h c ose as c e wh e ad been so l ly so iat d .

The se partings he felt sorely ; but a

i th mn heavie r trial awaited h m . In e autu of 1 875 Mrs a e who for some me N pi r, ti

e o e had not ee o s eace b f r b n r bu t, p fully

hi m a asse a a ea s o e eso e . p d w y, l ving h d l t

few es e t o his e e ames A lin writt n n ph w, J

a e e esse his eeli s S . N pi r, xpr d f ng

23rd O ctober 1 8 7 5.

MY DEA R JA MEs —It is m mos me a , y t l n choly duty to inform you that about

’ 6 o clock this night you have lost a

e and one of the e es kind fri nd, I v ry b t

f o m an as o es . e s am wiv Inf r y fri nd , I — n ot in a mood to do anything Yours

! a a s . P IER . lw y , R NA

His remaining days were summe d up

“ i n s a e c se e ce am n ot in thi p th ti nt n , I

m d U to s a ood to o anything . p thi 238 B E T N A P E RO R I R. time he had t aken an active part in e e o on a o him v rything g ing r und , but this bereavement so affecte d him that he ceased to have any sp ecial interest in hi s former pursuits .

A few months later he was attacke d

se o s ess om c he e e with ri u illn , fr whi h n v r

al e and he e on 23rd e 1876 r li d , di d Jun ,

the e - s ea of his a e in ighty ixth y r g .

To mee t the wishes of many friends the

e a was a c on fun r l publi e .

The place of sepulture was adj acent t o the old c ch a of his na e o hur y rd tiv t wn,

m a o e e la the o es of his Du b rt n , wh r y b n

d hi wa a c es o s an e e s e s e . n t r , wh r wif buri d On the day of the funeral the inhabitants

of m a o e e s and o an Du b rt n , H l n burgh , G v

showe d their regard by closing their pre m ses and s ec a a n s om e e s i , p i l tr i fr H l n burgh

an d from Glasgow brought many hundre ds

of those who desire d to pay the last tribute

of respect .

24 B E T N A P E 0 RO R I R .

We do n ot ow w e e he till he died . kn h th r suffere d

He was owe e e a or n ot . eas p in , h v r, v ry un y till w we - o o s of his ea w e he ithin t nty f ur h ur d th , h n a ea e t o be as e e w an occas o a wa n pp r d l p , ith i n l ki g

m We e e e he was s s up for a short ti e . b li v en ible t o t he last .

A service was conducted by his friends

’ h R v mi n of Pa s as o t e e . Ja eso Dr St ul , Gl g w,

and the Rev a e o o of Row and . L uri F g ,

thereafter the procession being formed up

on eac s e the coffi was ca e h id , n rri d by

some of his oldest workme n to its last

s - c re ting pla e . P XV C H A T E R .

A N I N P R I N ME MO R S I G Y .

S how me the man who ma e all this f or he mus t be worth d ,

kn owing .

O BERT A P ER had a o e ca ee R N I w nd rful r r, and was certainly the architect of his own

o Bo m a o of m e f rtune . rn in Du b rt n hu bl

o es a e s he s a e e as a ac h n t p r nt , t rt d lif bl k sm n o a a a es and his ith , with dv nt g , by

e ce e an d e e se he dilig n , int grity, nt rpri became the most promin ent business man

h s of co a in t e We t S tl nd .

When steam navigation was in its in

a c he as e the s a o an d saw f n y, gr p d itu ti n i s os Th o n d a w t p sibilities. e narr w a sh llo

Clyde was by no mean s the n atural home of ma e e ee and the ffic es rin ngin ring, di ulti

Q 242 B E T N A P E RO R I R. t o obtain its recognition as such were e o m B s e a e oo o n r ous . y up rl tiv ly g d w rk he overcame the prejudices against Scot

s co ac o s an d o his effo s ti h ntr t r , thr ugh rt

Glasgow became the c entre of the ship

f h o building o t e w rld .

With the successful inception of the Cun ard Company he attained t o a pinnacle of ea ess an d s os o he s ccee e gr tn , thi p iti n u d d

m a his ea in aint ining till d th .

His great reputation attracted t o the metropolis of the We st orders which pre viou sl had ee e e c e o o y b n x ut d in L nd n , d e oo an e se e e . Liv rp l, l wh r

o his e so a e e o s the Thr ugh p r n l x rti n , in

ace of m c o os o c o ac s e e ob f u h pp iti n , ntr t w r

tained from the British and other foreign

o e me s an d the ea s n com G v rn nt , gr t hippi g

panics in Britain and Europe were induced t h t o c ome o t e Clyde .

Shipbuilding reacte d on the coal and

o s es of a a s e an d ro ir n indu tri L n rk hir , p

B E T N A E RO R P I R.

Promin ent among these may be men tion ed ess s e ess s ames and M r D nny, M r J

George Thomson (now M e ssrs John Brown

s s o e 85 n ow th 85 Me sr J hn Eld r Co . ( e Fairfield Shipbuilding Messrs William

B m 85 o s s m 85 o ea o e C . es e s rd r , M r S ith R dg r (now The London and Glasgow Shipbuild ‘ ing Me ssrs Tod 85 M Gregor (now

ess s and W e e s 85 ess M r D . . H nd r on M rs

e 85 a se ess s a e a s Aitk n M n l, M r N pi r, Sh nk ,

85 Be l e ss s a e 85 e ess s l , M r N pi r Mill r, M r

co 85 o s ess s sm 85 ac so S tt S n , M r Dun uir J k n,

B ss Wat ess s a e o e s e s . . M r N pi r r th r , M r G L

85 nd o s son Co . a e . , th r

The work which N apier succe eded in

and the o e s c e e sub bringing, rd r whi h w r se quently secure d by the firms we h ave

ame e ese e m o s of mo e n d , r pr nt d illi n n y,

which brought bread an d comfort to many

a o o e and a e ce t o ma a t iling w rk r, fflu n ny

master .

o e a e as we a e a ea R b rt N pi r, h v lr dy A N N S P N ME M Y 24 I IRI G OR . 5

s o s a e n o a a a es . s h wn, t rt d with dv nt g Gla

ow was the f his a o o H ha g city o d pti n . e d n o e a e s e e an d his ca a influ nti l fri nd th r , pit l was of the mos s e e esc o His t l nd r d ripti n . success may be trace d to the cultiva — ti on of two great qualities industry and c ivility .

From the day he entere d on his appren ticeship with his fath er till he reache d foursc ore his life was a round of un ceas in e he s s a e e e e e g toil . Wh n fir t t rt d th r w r n e e s eame s n or a a s and the ex ith r t r r ilw y ,

posure an d discomfort attendant on lon g

ance a e n e e mos He dist tr v lli g w r t trying .

inherite d from his blacksmith proge nitors

o e o ame c s oo him a p w rful b dily fr , whi h t d

oo s ea ose ea a s an d in g d t d in th rly d y ,

en able d him t o endure the fatigues of his

e s arduous j ourn y .

His mental activity exceeded e ven that

hi His co es o e ce was of s body . rr p nd n

m s o m o s an d e so a c on o t v lu in u , p r n lly 246 B E T N A P E RO R I R.

B s ess was a e e to at all ducted . u in tt nd d

o s and his me o s e e s o e h ur , nu r u l tt r ft n attest the fact of being written at night

fa o his e he was a man ll . All thr ugh lif

of mos ac e a s an d he e ea o e t tiv h bit , nd v ur d

constantly to keep himself abreast of the

m the o of e . a e s o ti s N pi r, in w rd L rd

“ Beaconsfield as e the s t of the a e , gr p d piri g

h e e h had n ot the c e . e in whi h liv d Tru ,

a mec a ca e s of his co s brilli nt h ni l g niu u in,

h n o ss t b an n e o but e did ot pr fe o e i v nt r .

His success lay rather in selecting the

n e o s of o e s and a e ce and i v nti n th r , by p ti n

industry adapting the se to the requisite nee s and the es t o erfec d , bringing r ult p

o His own o t a um ti n . w rds o Cun rd s up

“ his position : Every solid an d known improvement that I am acquainted with b m ! shall e adopted by e .

Mr Napier was a man whom it was a privilege t o know apart from his emi nen c s ess His a e of e in bu in . n tiv dignity

24 B E T N A P E 8 RO R I R.

Napier was fire d with ambition for noble e s His ea aim s es s was to nd . gr t in bu in

’ turn out superlative work . Mr Cunard s idea of perfection was e xpresse d in the

“ s m e o s of his c o ac e a to the i pl w rd ntr t, qu l best engines eve r made by the contractor and an me ca en ee e the en A ri n gin r, vi wing

“ es of the Ca mbri an ema e a s c gin , r rk d th t u h superbly fin ished machin ery ought to be

! a put under a glass c se .

a te a s am Pea ce Mr ( f rw rd Sir! Willi r , in

’ a e e t o a ier s men sa the bidding f r w ll N p , id watchword of Govan yard had always been “ oo o and s c es o s as a G d W rk, u h qu ti n Wh t time will this take ? or What will this c ost ? were always subordinate d to the — c rucial one Is t his the best ?

’ If Napier s sole obj ect had been t o accu mulate wealth he c ould have amassed a

e a e o n e as e e e e ma v ry l rg f rtu , th r w r ny

him for o so Bu t avenues open to d ing . for m o e a s a o s s e ss o h e c a e d l le n y p i n r itt , A N N N ME M Y 249 I S P IRI G OR . e xcept for ' the pleasure it afforde d him of n e he spending a d distributing it . Whil

e a ce s e he was a a s liv d in prin ly tyl , lw y ready t o assist in schemes of benevole nce ; an d e n of a mo es s os o ma b i g d t di p iti n , ny of his c good deeds were done in se ret .

In private life he was one of the most

e a an d ass m of men a g ni l un u ing , g ining many friends an d n ever losing on e ; and n o one ever heard him speak an uncivil or o He was of a s n a unkind w rd . i gul rly e a e em e ame and was a a s qu bl t p r nt, lw y ready t o face difficulties with a serenity and patience that are seldom met with .

His demeanour was uniformly that of

a mo es m e - m e man naffec e d t, hu bl ind d , u t d

os e e at the same me ex by pr p rity, whil ti hibiting a firmne ss of character an d loft in ess of purpose that were admirable His m was e of a e e e o ind , furth r, r v r nt, th ught

cas and o e to the e ces of a ful t, p n influ n

s ce e o s e e . in r , if un btru iv , pi ty 250 B E T N A P E RO R I R .

In summing up his life a write r says

S o far as the Clyde is more particularly c o ce e ma e a c ec e owes mo e t o Mr n rn d, rin r hit tur r

N a e a t o an n s e He m c t o pi r th n y o e el . did u h bring that art t o t he high degree o f perfe ctibility it has now attain ed ; but what is of not less import a ce be ass s e in o ec os e e n e s es of n , i t d pr j ting th t rpri great pith and mom ent without which it would have been impossible for t he Clyde t o have at t ained it s pre - eminence in relation t o the industry w w ith hich his name is s o intimate ly associated .

’ Napier s great work was his service t o the City of Glasgow ; an d though not a na e he his o o a e ca ee ma tiv , by h n ur bl r r y be said t o have c ontribute d more than any of her son s to give effect to the proud motto L et Glasgow Flourish .

252 A P P E N D IX I.

finis hed in a neat and c omfortable manner for the accommodation of from s ixty t o seventy

as s e e s or a ea e m e in cas e the sa p ng r , gr t r nu b r id Robert N apier shall find that t he space will co e e and commo o s a m e eo nv ni ntly di u ly d it th r f, each of which vessels sh all be fitted and finishe d with t wo steam - engines having cylinders s eventy inches in diameter and six feet six inches length of s o e w ma ea e o o e s t he e a l s tr k , ith ll bl ir n b il r , d t i o f which vessels and machinery shall be con struc ted in t he manner mentioned in t he specifica tion annexe d an d s ubscribed by the parties as relative hereto de claring that the said Robert N apier shall only be bound t o furnish one com plet e s et or s uit of all things usual or necessary for s c a s e of esse s t o s no u h iz v l , but furni h

li ca es o r s a e s o es s a s o es a c o s dup t p r t r , il , r p , n h r , s a s &0 n or an e o t o the p r , y thing b l nging

’ s ewa s e a me s c as s e a e c a t rd d p rt nt, u h ilv r pl t , hin , c st a es and o s a e or o e e ry l , kniv f rk , n p ry, th r lik a c es nor a ms c o ome e s ma s c a s or rti l , r , hr n t r , p , h rt , o e a c es of a esc o w c e e th r rti l th t d ripti n, hi h thr

esse s all t o be e e e on the e t he s a v l , d liv r d Clyd , id Robert N apier h ereby Binds and obliges himself and his aforesaid t o finish and complete t o t he entire satisfaction of t he said S amuel Cunard equ al in quality of hull and machinery t o t he A P P E N DIX I. 253

’ s eame C ommod or e or t he s e ame L ond on o t r t r , b th cons c e t he s a Ro e N a e and e a tru t d by id b rt pi r, qu l t o t he City of Gla sgow steamer in t he finis hin g o f the ca s a so co s c e t he s a Ro e bin , l n tru t d by id b rt N apier : and the s aid Robert N apier Binds an d obliges hims elf and his afores aid t o have one of t he s aid v es sels re ady for trial and delivery in t he Clyde on or before t he Twelfth day of March Eighteen hundred and forty ; t o have on e of the s aid ve ssels re ady for trial an d delivery as afore said on or b efore t he Twelfth day of A pril Eighte en hundr e d and forty ; an d one of t he s aid ves s els ready for trial an d delivery as aforesaid o n or b efore t he first day of May Eighteen

an d o An d e t he s Ro t dr e . a e hun d f rty furth r, id b r N apier h ereby Binds and obliges hims elf and his a o es a in t he e e o f an a of t he f r id , v nt y p rt machinery in any of the said vess els giving way or bre aking within six months after de

e of t he s a v ess e s es ec e t o re liv ry id l r p tiv ly, place by n ew m achinery or t o repair the

o e a s ess s c o cc e ces ma av e br k n p rt , unl u h urr n y h aris en from negle ct or carelessn ess o n t he part of os e in c a e of t he mac e in w c case th h rg hin ry, hi h , as we as in t he cas e of n of the o e s ll burni g b il r , or accidents arising from oth er caus es over which the s aid Robert N apier can have no con 254 E N D A P P IX I .

o he a be in n o wa es o s In s e . tr l , h ll y r p n ibl co s e a o of w c and as the ce of t he n id r ti n hi h , pri s a e e s eam esse s the sa S am e na id thr t v l , id u l Cu rd

B s and o es mse and his e s e ec o s ind blig hi lf h ir , x ut r , an d s cces s o s t o ma e a me t o the s a u r , k p y nt id Robert N apier and his h eirs or assign e es of t he s u m of Thirty t wo thous and pounds Sterling for e ac of t he s a es se s or N e six o sa h id v l , in ty th u nd

o s S e for t he w o e ee ess e s of p und t rling h l thr v l , which price Sixty thousand pounds Sterling shall be a a e in cas or a o e s e a p y bl h , by ppr v d bill qu l t o cas n t he o ess of the wo an d h , duri g pr gr rk ; t he ema n n T six o sa o n s S e r i i g hirty th u nd p u d t rling , being Twelve thousand pounds Sterling of t he

ce of eac of t he s a ess e s at the e e pri h id v l , d liv ry

f t he s a s s e s e s c o ows — o e e e as . id v l r p tiv ly, f ll viz , Five thousand pounds Sterling at t he execution o f es e es e s F e o san o s S e th pr nt , iv th u d p und t rling o n the Twe da of A e an d the e lfth y pril n xt, lik sum of Five thousand po unds Sterling on t he T welfth day of each of t he su cce eding months of Ma e A s S e em e O c o e y , Jun , July, ugu t , pt b r, t b r,

N o em e and De cem e E tee e and v b r, b r, igh n hundr d

e an d of an a and Fe a E thirty nin , J u ry bru ry igh e e e an d o ma o e e the t n hundr d f rty , king t g th r fores aid su m of Sixty thousand po unds Sterlin g

a a e t he o es s of the ‘ wo o p y bl during pr gr rk , up n

256 A P P E N D IX I.

S am e a or an e s on a o e him u l Cun rd , y p r pp int d by , occas ionally t o v isit t he building yard or yards in w c t he s a esse s ma be as wel hi h id v l y built, l as t he engineer work or works in which the mac e ma be co s c e t o t he ef ec and hin ry y n tru t d , f t for the purpose of inspecting the state and con di on of t he sa es se s and mac e ascer ti id v l hin ry, a t he s f c e c of the ma e a s and t ining u fi i n y t ri l . wo ma s and s ee t o t he ro ess of rk n hip , ing p gr

w P o e t he o . e a n ot withst and rk r vid d furth r, th t in t he o com e o of the w o e wo t he g n n pl ti n h l rk , diff erent parts and p ortions of t he said vessels and mac e e of the a me hin ry, by virtu p y nt of t he s a me s e e e o e me o e in t l nt h r in b f r nti n d , shall from time t o time be held as s pecifically appropriated t o and vested in t he said S amu el

a s ec t o t he of the s a Ro e Cun rd, ubj t right id b rt N apier t o retain such parts an d p ortions for t he purpos e of c ompleting the work according t o

s a eem e an d for his t he s a Ro e thi gr nt , , id b rt

N a e s ec of the ces of t he sa esse s pi r, urity pri id v l s o far as a t he s a esse s a wa s ema unp id, id v l l y r in

’ ing at t he s aid Robert N apier s risk until the s ame are respectively ready for delivery as afore said ; after which the same shall be at t he risk

f h sa am e a A n d h o t e S . e t e id u l Cun rd furth r, s aid Rob ert N apier hereby Binds and obliges P P E N D 2 A IX I. 57 himself and his afores aid t o have the s aid s everal vess els ready for trial and d elivery on or b efore the a s es ec e e e e o e s ec e and d y r p tiv ly h r inb f r p ifi d , th at under t he penalty of Five tho usand pounds s e a ca e t o eac o f t he s a esse s t rling , ppli bl h id v l , unless t he completion of t he s ame or any of th em shall be prevented by t he destruction th ereof by

fir e e o e e e or an o e ca se w c t he b f r d liv ry, y th r u hi h sa Ro e N a e c a o oss co o of id b rt pi r nn t p ibly ntr l , w c t he a e e e a e m e o e s a hi h rbit r h r in ft r nti n d h ll , i f ff e c e s o e n cas e o e e b e . di r n , l judg A nd b oth parties bind and oblige th ems elves and e s a o es a t o m eme o s e e and th ir f r id i pl nt , b rv ,

e es ec e a s of t he om s es as fulfil th ir r p tiv p rt pr i , well as all decrees - arbitral t o be pronounced in virtue of t he submission after written each t o t he oth er in all resp ects according t o t he true

e and m a n of es e A n d in cas e an int nt e ni g th . y

es o s e or fe e ce s a a se e wee qu ti n, di put , dif r n h ll ri b t n the said p arties as t o t he real imp ort of th es e

es e s or t he e ec o an d m em e e eo pr nt x uti n i pl nt th r f, or in any manner o f way in t he premis es at w a e e me t he s ame ma a s e all s c dis h t v r ti y ri , u h putes and differences shall be and t he s ame are hereby s ubmitted an d referred t o the amicable

ec s o a se e ce and ec ee - a a of d i i n, fin l nt n , d r rbitr l

m o s M vill s c a t o t he a a es el E . S e e E s J C in , q , r t ry t

R 258 A P P E N D 1 IX .

w om a non - a a C o . cce a ce Indi y , h f iling , by pt n ,

ea or o e w se of W am C onnal Es d th , th r i , illi , q. , Merchant in Glasgow ; and the decision of eith er of the said arbiters acting under this reference shall be final and conclusive t o all intents and

oses And o a es c o se t o the re purp . b th p rti n nt g ist ration e eo a o w the ec ees - a a h r f, l ng ith d r rbitr l,

e m or a t o be o o ce i e of int ri fin l , pr n un d in v rtu t he submission h ereinbefore written in t he Books of o c an d S ess o or o e s com e e C un il i n , th r p t nt

e e t o ema for es e v a o and a th r in, r in pr r ti n, th t

’ letters o f horning on six days charge and all other legal exe cution necessary may follow herein in o m as efleirs an d e e o co s e f r , th r t n titut

oc a o s pr ur t r .

In w ess w e eo es e ese s w e itn h r f th pr nt , ritt n upon this and t he thr ee preceding pages of

m e a e o e s a R . e s o c e t o t p d p p r by bt H nd r n, l rk

' Moncriefl 85 Pa e s o W e s in as ow are t r n , rit r Gl g , s sc e a o w a ca e e e o Mr ub rib d , l ng ith dupli t h r f, by

a and R N S am e o . a e e o e es e u l Cun rd bt pi r, b f r d ign d , at Glasgow the Eighte enth day of March Eighteen hundred and thirty - nine years ; before thes e wit

esses— Moncriefl W e in as ow and n Hugh , rit r Gl g ,

Ro e e e so w e e eo t he sa . id b rt H nd r n, rit r h r f

Mo c f witness e . S UN ARD Hugh n ri f, . C .

s o w tn R e e i ess . N IER Ro e . A P b rt H nd r n, .

26 P E N D 0 A P IX II.

Da nn a N . H P . te am . n ions o e . . . N e Di me s . T g

1 845 T e tis 8: G. B urn s h J . . 1 846 T n wal s le of Man y d I C o . E arl f en A ber e en o n o A berd e d C .

1 84 L r . 8L B u rns 7 y a J G. . a lli un ar n S te t e C d C o . 4 is l L n on er 1 8 8 T h t e o d d ry C o . A me ric a C unar C O . d . N iagara H H E u ropa H H C an ada H n Daun tle s s B rit is h Go vern me 1 4 m 8 9 E peror Ge e 85 C O . B oli v Pa ci o H ia fic C . n S imo om Britis h Governme 1 85 As ia u n O 0 C ard C . u A fri ca H 1 1 an ia a 85 S t go P cifi c C O . n Lima Qu ito Bogot a H Ma ale n R l ai n gd a oya M l Co . 1 852 S ea S er ent T A s s he t on mit p . S n Miran da Br itis h Go vernme La Plata R o Mail H yal C o . A rabia C u n N ard C o . Ola R ussian Govern m n f . 1 853 Du k e o f Welll ngt on Britis h Gov ernme n Wibor g R u s sian Governm C olo mb H o P . 85 0 . C o . Eme u H A u s tralian C o . n Bla c k S wan 1 854 Mess ina A u st rian Lloyds . n Malta

n T rans it R u ss ian Governm n Urgen t B ritis h Gove rnm 1 855 La nc e field Jardin e Mathie so n Fiery C ros s P ersia n o n C u ar d C . 1 856 Gaywan Ba hi T u rkish Governm n F e t hia

n P eiki Zafir

a ol o n 11 n N p e 1 . Canadian Govern Qu e en Victoria E rebu s Brit is h Governme n T err o r

1 5 L ouis XIV 8 7 . Frenc h Governme n T age 1! Duguay Tr ou in N A P P E DIX II.

ame Dim i ns . . P . N . ens o . N H

1 857 S hadia T u rkis h Gov ernme as i n 6 Gunbo at s E t Ind a C o . u Emperor Al e xander R u s s ian Governme 1 858 I! M n alta P . 8L 0 . C o . n Je ddo n Yac ht Empe ror o f Bu rma 1 859 O le g R u s sian Gov ernm e n Royal William Brit is h Go vern mer M Fbwho l l R al Ma i n Shannon oy l Co . 1 86 0 Mara n ar o t ho Cun d C .

n He cla l l n 1 8 Gunboat s B rit is h Go vernmen 1 86 1 Blac k Prin ce u n N C ar d C o . n N eptu ne N apie r 85 MacInty n O re s te s B ritis h Govern m en H u Dryad n in u n Ch a C ar d C o . 1 86 2 He ct o r B rit is h Go vern men u Is te r l l n R olf Kraké Danis h Governmen 1 86 3 ir u S t lin C as tl D. rrie O g e C C . u W arwick C a stle H

u R o slin C as tle H n Pe mbrok e C as tle 1: 1 86 4 O sman Gh azy T urkis h Governme n A bdu l A ziz N n Or khan H 1 86 5 P ereir e om a nie Gen C p g . a l n i u e t a t q . n Vill e d e P aris H 1 866 Malabar In dian Gov ern men n A gita t or Brit is h Governmen

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1 86 7 H n P rompt n Has ty ' 1 86 8 D e B u flel Dut c h Gov ernmen n De T ijge r l l 1 86 9 A u daciou s Brit ish Govern men n Inv in cible 1 8 70 Hot s pu r n V al ivia Pacifi c Co d .

ee n of t he Tha De vitt 85 Mo ore . n Qu mes n R u pert Br it is h Governmen Dat e. ns n onna e N H . P Dime io s . T g . . .

ac t Kin f m Y h (Paddle ! g o S ia . Me n e L o e 8L o. d z N un e z A . p z C Garon P c i ne a fic C o . B us tar Brit is Gove rn me d . h Kit e l l

E inbu r D urri e 85 Co . d gh Cas tle . C Win ds or Ca s tle H Gali i P ac i c a fic C o. Mode st e B rit is h Governme Hu gh R o se Goe t he Dut ch T ran satlan S c hille r Hobok en (Pa ddle! ll W m r A . c o lt en N e t er n A e . S h h la d

P . C alan d l l A rab Britis h Governme Lily I ! O pal H C ly de l ! Meiji Maru Japanese Govern S he ldrak e B ritis h Go vernm Moo rhen P e ngu in W ild S wan

Du nrobin l D ur rie 8L o . C as t e . C C O re s un d Danish Go ve rn m L it tle B e lt Ingu lf I! C ano u s n ian Gove rnme p . I d B alm l as tle D urrie 85 ora C . C 0 0 .

Dublin C as tle . Warwic k C as tle C onway Cas tle l l N ort hampt on Brit is h Governm

Mr N apier e xecute d ab out four hun dre d s eparate con which include d orders for machinery and warships fro

Da s D c F e c a a ese R ss a and T sh ni h , ut h , r n h , J p n , u i n, urki ernment s He was e s e w o e s co ac . ntru t d ith v r ixty ntr t t he s A m a Briti h d ir lty.

26 4 N DE I X.

C om a nie T ransa t lan i 222 F 4 t ue . ir e ueen 2 44. p g q , Q , , C o nnal W 1 41 . Fle tc er A 1 41 , . , h , . , . C rimean W ar 1 F n men 90 1 9 . re c Gove rn t 51 7 . , , h , C unar o 1 92 2 C . 49 2 1 2 2 0 . d , , , , C un r Mi s r a s 1 46 . Ge ze 4 d , , y , 7 . C unar S ir S amu e l 55 6 8 1 20 1 34 Gibb Elias d, , , , , , ,

246 . Glas ow A . 1 41 g , , .

C u rlin 8: o u n 1 1 5. Glas o w C at e ral 204 g Y g , g h d , .

C u rrie S ir Donal 223. Glas ow Unive rs it 206 , d, g y , .

C clo s 4. Glenshellish 2 y p , 7 , 7 . C ai r l e, 208 . Dal ou s ie Mar u is of 1 6 Glowwor m 42 1 2 7 . h , q , , , 7 . m 1 r Danis Gove rn en t 2 4. Go e R M P . 3 h , , . , . , 7 . ma Kin f 2 2 van ar 1 Den r o 3 . Go 49 1 92 k , g , Y d , , . n 2 rac i A 1 Denn ea . G e . 89 y , J , , , .

- Denn Robe rt 5 8 . Gran t C a t ain 6 4 y , , , p , . l i m Denn W i l a 1 50. Gr eat E a stern 25 92 y , , , , . nn 2 1 244 Gr ea t Wester n 1 1 1 2 De 8x C o 0 . 3 y . , , , 7 , . va s tat n 4 r W D io . Gre iars n 1 e 3. , 7 yf y d , i 85 r Dev t t Moo e , 223. '

D e B u el 21 8 . Hali ax 1 22 1 31 fi , f , , . T r 1 Hammermen n cor r n D e e 2 8 . o at io 1 2 1 4 ij g , I p , , . n l n m Harve ir Ge o e Do a s o a e s 1 39 1 41 . S r 23 6 . d , J , , y , g , i Hast ie A Down e A . 1 41 . . M . P . 202 2 , , , , , 36 .

Du mbarton l 2 1 1 1 6 4 240. Ha L or o n 1 5 1 58 , , , , , y , d J h , 7 , .

n M . P 53 20 23 H lens bu r Du n c a G . . 56 6 . e h 3 , , , , , 7 , g , 7 . H n r s n D und a lk 1 52. e e o D . 85 W 244. , d , . , 2 Henr i ua tr 2 D u nd ee 51 53 6 1 00 1 26 . e 1 , , , , , Q , .

e in C o 4 1 2 Hin s a R . Dun e S i . 9 6 w 1 41 d h pp g , , . h , . , mu i 8t a c o n 24 Ho b A mi Duns r s 4. rn ral 1 6 1 J k , y , d , . mu r Hu 21 Hots r 1 Du n s i 9. u 5 , gh, p , 8 . T rans tlan ti 224 H u s e f o mmon s 21 1 1 21 Dut c a c C o . o o 3 C 3 9 . h , . , , 7 , ,

’ C o . 2 n ol sb L e e n s East n ia 5 1 . 25 I d , 7, 7 I g d y g d , . i 24 3 nv e rne ss C o 1 2 E cl se 3 6 . p , , . I . ,

E l er Davi 30 48 85 91 1 44 I nvincible 21 1 . d , d , , , , , , l 236 s e of Man C o . 1 2 . I , 7 . 1 1 I s lema n 2 El er o n 83 85. 00. d , J h , , , m r s s E u enie 223 E e . p g , 1 8 Jacka l 1 4 E r ebus , 9 . , 5 . 1 8 amies on Dr 240 E ri a . tru 8 . , J , , Jenn Li nd 42 E ur o a 94 . p , . y , W m mes 5. u st . 1 83 E win a 9 . g, J , J , , E win ean 2 1 6 4 g, J , , . Kelvin L or 1 231 W L . 141 99 . E win . . g, , , d , ,

Ke rr , A . , 1 41 . Ke rr P ro e ss or 1 6 9 W 2 1 . Fa irbairn S ir . 3 . , , , f , Kidst on 85 S on s W 1 2 d 244 . 4 1 8 . . Fairfie l C o . , 8 , , , Kin E war VII 223 Farra u t A miral 220 . . g , d , . g d d ,

Kir Dr A . 1 224 . C 88 k , , , . ‘ La ir M Gre N a ie r o n 44 1 2 1 or 1 1 4 83 0 215. d , g , . p , J h , , , , La n c efi e ld 2 N a ier o n s e n . 2 1 6 1 2 82 84 1 29 1 83. 9. , , , , , p , J h , , , ,

Lan S on s W 1 2 N a ier 8x E t t ric 230. g , . , . p k , L n Mille r 244 a s 31 . N a ie r 85 . g , p , a Dr t e r 2 4 r n e r Dr 1 02 N a ie r P e 36 1 6 3. d , , . p , , , , , Lau rie F a ier S a n s B e ll 244 N . o o 1 80 240. g , , p , h k , , Le a ie on s R 1 2 io n o f Ho n o u r 222 N r S 90 1 5. g , . p , . , , L ven ie r R e r —a r en i e 32. N a ob t birt 3 t ce , p , , h , pp Lima 1 83 s i 5— oe s t o E in b u r 1 2 , . h p , g d gh , Livin ston e Dr 21 6 s t art s in Gla s ow 1 3—be c o me s g , , . g , Li a r d 1 54 Dea con o f Hamme rmen 1 6 —mar z , . , Lond on 55 1 24 1 26 r ia e 1 —re n t s C amla c hie Fo u n , , , g , 7 Lo n on las w o 244 d r 2 —e n a e s Da vi E l er 30 85 G o C . 9 d g y , g g d d , — Lo n on err C o . 49 127 . ma e s rs t marin e e n ine 32 d d y , , k fi g , Lo n o n E x ibition 231 in t e rviews Mau sla 34—le t t e r d h , . d y , Lo u is e H R H in c e ss 2 ro m Dr alm e r s 35 win s . . . P r 30. C , , f h , Lu s in t on P ro e s s or 21 3 N o rt ern ac t C lu b ri e 37 h g , f , . h Y h p z , m e e t s A s she t on Smit 40—bu il s h , d ‘ M A hu r r s m ac t 42—in t ima c rt 38 . t s te a , fi y h , y ‘ M u s A 4 Mr mit 4 — st art u lc an A lan . 1 1 wit S 6 s V , , . h h , M — ac onn e ll A . 1 41 o u n r u n s e m ac e t C . F 48 o s t a , , d y , f d p k ‘ M C u llo ch ir H 53 c m an ies 49—bu il s D un e 2 S . . o de 5 , , p , d , M e — — ac r or o n 22. r e su lt 55 writ e s Ge or e Du n g g , J h , , g ‘ M In t r e o n 88 95 can 56 —int ro u ction t o Ea s t n ia y , J h , , . , d I d ‘ M me s 8 2—B r n — rien i I nt re a 8 . C o . 6 e e ice 6 6 s y , J , , , f d h p — Mac I ve r C . 1 41 1 42 1 9 wit a mes Mc lvill 8 con t ra c 3. 6 ts , , , , h J ,

Mac I ve r D 1 1 41 for A mir l n in e s - a in 50 39 . a t e 0 s , . , , , d y g , 7 g ’ Ma la ba r 223 A mir alt s c on e n ce 4—re ort , . d y fid , 7 p — Mar t in . 1 41 o n bo ile r u e s tio n 5 u ir e J . ac s , , q , 7 q

Mat ie so n Dr 1 6 4. Lan c efi eld 82 e eats C l e h , , , d f y d Mau s la 1 6 4 6 1 1 1 8 T ru s t e e s 5 e n a e s ame s 3 9 8 . 8 d y , , , , 7 , , g g J Me asu r e Mile 226 T omso n 86 in t ima c wit d , . h , y h Me c a nical E n ine e rs 231 am es N a ie r 90— ou n s o n h g , . J p , f d J h M vill anon 1 2 85 o 5—ta e ar el C 6 3 6 . R e i in 3 C . 9 s s es , , , d , k h Me lvill S ir ames 6 8 1 23 1 33 20 M u ir ir 95—Lor Geo r e Be n , J , , , , 7 , k k , d g ’ 236 t inc k s le t te r 9 — s tat e s his vie . , 6 ws M 42 1 l a v ena i 2 . o n A t ant ic n i at ion t o Pat ric , , 7 g k 4 W alla — ine Merr ame s 1 1 . ce 102 e n s B ritish y , J , , g Mu ir ir ron W or s 59 96 ueen 1 1 6 n e ot iat ion s wit k k I k , , . Q , g h C una r 1 24—fi rst me e t in wit d , g h — a ier B rot ers 244. C u nar 1 29 fi xe s c on t ra ct 1 33 p h , d , , — Na ie r Da vi 1 5 33 90. writ e s M elvill l 33 C u n ar c on p , d , , , , d

a ie r D . o f Gle ns hellis h 1 7 1 8 s u lts him 1 34 romis es ass is t p , , , , , —, p 29 38 236 . an c e 1 s ou n s Donal s on 39 ib. , , , d d ,

a ie r m e s 2 - e a 7 89 23 . r o o s e s a n c t o Ge or e B u rn s p , J , , 7 , , 7 p p g y g , ie me s n — a r a se 2 7 9 1 64. 1 41 su cce s s ul orm a t ion of C un p , J , . , , , , f f ie r m — Na a es R . 1 51 1 83 1 98 ard C o . 1 42 su lie s s t e a me rs p , J , , , , , pp , — 238 . 1 44 rien s i wit C u n ar 1 46 f d h p h d , ie mes — b a r a 201 23 . s tart s iron s i u il in at Go van p , J , 7 h p d g , W — a ier . 85 . 89. 1 50 e n a e s W illiam Denn 1 51 p , J , g g y , 26 6 N DE I X.

- iron e m r fo A m l i E t a e s r ira t 1 4 P arr r . 1 s 5 S 53. d y , y , , — - S imoom 1 55 in t ima c it P ea co c M r w 6 3. , y h k , , va l — r a r i W 1 n a o cers 1 5 re s i e s e P e ce S r . 8 201 248 ffi , 7 d p , , 7 , , . l — man e n t at an n 6 r e P 0 . C o . 1 4 S o 1 5 . 8 y h d , , . — b u il s S a n on 1 6 os ita lit P e nn o n 231 . d h d , 7 h p y , , J h , —Ma r u is f al u ie 1 B er eir e 222 1 1 o D o s 6 . 7 q h , 7 , n ins B r it is s ia t ion 1 P ersia 1 2 e t e rta A so c 8 9 1 95. h , 7 , , —e re c t s u e H n r ell 1 1 P erth 1 s ta t t o e B 8 5 . y , , —i eas fo r u t u r e of bu s ine s s 1 82 P illan s P r o e s sor 1 8 d f , , f , 7 . — ‘ difli cu lt wit P aci c C o . 1 83 P ol hemus 7 4. — y h fi , yp , m . a i ns 1 P r r s or s R N er S o 90 ecu or 1 48 . f p , , rime an W ar ib —c on t rac ts for P r e d ent 1 1 9 1 3 C , . si , , 7 . P er sia 1 92—b uil s E r ebu s 1 98 P rin c e of W ales 1 89 , d , , , —W n — e s t ern B a 202 Glas ow 223. k , g — C a t e ral 203 Un iver s it ib. P r ometheus 4. h d , y , , 7 le t t e r rom S ir ame s Mcl vill 20 f J , 7 — on s ul e mir u e n th Tha mes 22 c t b A alt 209 e o e 3. d y d y , Q f , i u n e rta e s B la ck P ri nce 21 1 u e e n Vic t or a 203. d k , Q , d ifli cu ltie s 212— or ers rom for u ito 1 83 , d f Q , . e i n G o ve rn me n t s 215 — le tt e r g , ro m L ivin s t on e 21 6 — bu il s R an ol C arle s 1 8 f g , d d ph , h , 7 . 21 — e s m R e e l l‘ E J 22 N e tune 8 r en t e t o E S . . 3. p , p d d , ,

re s s E u enie 223 or e r fo r R e i A. 3 95. p g , d d , , , — R i o n M a la ba r ib. in ce t ion of C as tle e 85 C . o 95 , p d , J h , . — i W m 1 21 4 23 . Lin e ib A u st ralian Lin e 224 R b . 83 6 , . , g y , , , , ra i — u bb a t ain ct c al re tiral 225 last blic R o C 1 6 0. p ,— p , p , a e aran ce 229 e nte rta ins P rin R ob Ro 21 33. pp , — y , , c e ss Lo u is e 230 on o u rs 231 R obin s on . C . 1 7 2. , h , , J ,

c elebrat e s ol e n we in 234 R obin son S ir S e n c er 1 62 235. g d dd g, , p , , — l os s o f rie n s 236 eat o f Mrs R o che a d Mr 1 6 . f d , d h , , 7 — N a ie r 23 las t illne ss an d eat R o e r R . 1 41 . p , 7 d h, dg , ,

238 R ol r a ké 21 5. . f K ,

N a ie r Mrs R 1 6 234 23 R ow C u rc 1 8 1 . p , . , , , 7 . h h , l ail 1 4 N a ole on . 2 R o a M o . 8 08 . C . p III , y , ‘ N av al o fli c e rs 1 58 R o al P ilo so ic al S ocie t 1 9. , . y h ph y ,

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i e ll or o n 1 7 . N c ol so n P te r 1 9. R u ss e L 7 , , , d J h ,

ment 1 90 1 91 . N o rt e rn ac t Clu b 36 39. R u ss ian Govern h Y h , , , ,

- O mma nn e A miral 1 S a ntia o 1 83 1 85. y , d , 7 . g ,

hir 1 8 S a va nna h 101 . Op , 9. ,

r kha S cotia 221 . O n , 21 6 . , 1 41 t D . O rr S ir A 2 . S c o t . , . , 03 , ,

O ma n S c ot t R u ss ell 43 92. s Gha 21 6 . zy , , , , n 244 S c ot t S o s , .

a S er ent 42. Pac i c Co . 1 48 1 83 1 86 224. S e fi , , , , p ,

P a r isia S eawar 6 9. n 1 89. , d ,

P arkhe a S era is 223. d F or e 214. g , p ,

Parn ell H 6 1 S an s A . 201 . S ir . 5 . , , 7 , h k , ,