ผลของแคโรทีนอยด์สังเคราะห์ต่อการเพิ่มสีในปลาการ์ตูนแดง (Premnas Biaculeatus Bloch, 1790)
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SEASMART Program Final Report Annex
Creating a Sustainable, Equitable & Affordable Marine Aquarium Industry in Papua New Guinea | 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 7 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 Contract Deliverables ........................................................................................................ 21 Overview of PNG in the Marine Aquarium Trade ............................................................. 23 History of the Global Marine Aquarium Trade & PNG ............................................ 23 Extent of the Global Marine Aquarium Trade .......................................................... 25 Brief History of Two Other Coastal Fisheries in PNG ............................................ 25 Destructive Potential of an Inequitable, Poorly Monitored & Managed Nature of the Trade Marine Aquarium Fishery in PNG ........................... 26 Benefit Potential of a Well Monitored & Branded Marine Aquarium Trade (and Other Artisanal Fisheries) in PNG ................................................................... 27 PNG Way to Best Business Practice & the Need for Effective Branding .............. 29 Economic & Environmental Benefits....................................................................... 30 Competitive Advantages of PNG in the Marine Aquarium Trade ................................... 32 Pristine Marine -
Playing with Matches
PLAYING WITHHybrid MATCHES: They can fuel the fires of conservation or burn everything to the ground 62 CORAL Clownfishes by Matt Pedersen RILEY COULDN’T UNDERSTAND IT: her mated pair of “Tomato Clownfish” kept spitting out a strange mix of offspring, some with black ventral and anal fins, others with white tails, but otherwise looking like their red parents. Meanwhile, Brennon struggled to identify the clownfishes he had picked up from a distant aquarium shop on a road trip; the label said “Onyx Percula,” but the fish lacked the bright orange eye that Amphiprion percula should have. Melanie was disappointed when her “True Sebae” clownfish never grew their full vertical bars and always seemed to have black tails with a hint of a yellow tail bar instead of the all-yellow tail she had come to expect. Although Riley, Brennon, and Melanie are not their real names (I am trying to protect the innocent here), these dramatizations are all too real. Hobbyists (and, to be honest, some peo- ple in the marine livestock trade) have often White-Bonnet Anemonefish (Amphiprion leucokranos) in Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea. This a suspected hybrid of A. chrysopterus and A. sandaracinos. © GARY BELL / OCEANWIDEIMAGES.COM / BELL GARY © CORAL 63 2014 HYBRID CLOWNFISH REVIEW If the world of clownfish breeding and mar- keting seems more than bit frenzied at the moment, it helps to know that hybrid anem- onefishes can be sorted into four groups. “Natural” Hybrids Once again, as with “designer” morphs that turn up in natural wild populations of Am- phiprion and Premnas spp. -
The Maroon Clownfish Sea Hares in the Aquarium
FREE ISSN 1045-3520 Volume 22 Issue 1, 2005 Sea hares in the Aquarium Photo by Bob Fenner Julie Van Horn Most aquarists regard sea slugs with one idea in mind: algae eaters. It is true that they do eat large quantities of algae, but sea slugs are singular creatures in their own right. First it is important to distinguish among the types of sea slugs. The sea slugs most commonly appearing at an aquarium store near you are likely either nudibranchs or sea hares. Nudibranchs are generally less than a few inches in length, brightly colored and have highly specific dietary requirements. Sea hares are significantly larger, less brightly colored and have more general diet preferences. Responsible aquarium keepers know what they are buying and its proper care. Many people have heard of nudibranchs, but sea hares are a different story. A sea hare in an aquarium store is likely to be of the genus Aplysia (Photo 1). A sea hare from the species Bursatella is shown in Photo2. The largest Aplysia is the California sea hare (Aplysia californica), which can grow to 3 three feet in length! Not to worry though, this kind of growth is unlikely in a Premnas biaculeatus - A beautiful but ornery clownfish home aquarium. Sea hare growth is limited by the quality and quantity of food they receive. Aplysia are not overly fond of hair algae, but if that is all that is Classification there, they will reluctantly try to eat it, even though Premnas biaculeatus - The it is not their natural food. To really make a sea Maroon Clownfish All other clownfish species (subfamily hare happy, feed it freshly collected seaweeds like Amphiprionae of the Damselfish family sea lettuce (Ulva). -
The Environmental and Economic Benefits of Eco-Certification Within the Ornamental Fish Trade
International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2012 The Environmental and Economic Benefits of Eco-Certification within the Ornamental Fish Trade M. Dykman environmental problems associated with the trade. Abstract—Trade of ornamental fish and aquarium supplies is Qualitative research techniques (case studies) are employed extensive. The environmental impacts of the trade in to examine the likely effects of MAC certification on the ornamental fish are of considerable importance. In addition to trade in ornamental fish. Case studies can be used to analyze this, the economic disparity between the importing and human activity patterns that are embedded in the real world exporting countries within the trade can have social, environmental and economic ramifications for the poorer [3], [4]. The use of case studies allows one to: (i) explain the exporting countries. The research problem explored in this main elements that govern behavior and reward, and/or (ii) paper focuses on showcasing ways in which the certification explain the phenomenon that is observed or that is likely to program initiated by the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) can occur. In the context of sustainability, it is reasonable to be used as a framework for promoting the sustainability of argue that any notion of sustainable multiple seas use or marine ornamental fish populations and coral reef ecosystems. general use of resources of the seas will require an The MAC framework relies on consumers recognizing and supporting responsible collectors by selectively purchasing assessment of what is sustainable and/or how sustainability from these suppliers. Evidence regarding the likely economic can be achieved. -
How to Breed Marine Fish for Profit Or
Contents How To Breed Marine Fish In Your Saltwater Aquarium ...................................... 3 Introduction to marine fish breeding........................................................................ 3 What are the advantages of captive bred fish? ....................................................... 4 Here is a list of marine fish that have now been successfully bred in aquariums ... 5 Breeding different fish in captivity ......................................................................... 17 How fish breed ...................................................................................................... 18 How can you breed fish? ...................................................................................... 18 How do you get marine fish to breed? .................................................................. 19 Critical keys for marine fish breeding success ...................................................... 20 General keys for marine fish breeding success .................................................... 21 How do you induce your marine fish to spawn? ................................................... 22 Opportunistic spawning in your aquarium ............................................................. 23 How marine fish actually spawn ........................................................................... 24 Housing fish larvae; the rearing tank .................................................................... 24 Moving eggs or larvae to the rearing tank is not ideal.......................................... -
TRAFFIC Post, India Office Newsletter
Alarm bells over rising pet trade in wild animals in India INFOCUS feature..... TRAFFIC Post TRAFFIC Post is TRAFFIC’s newsletter on wildlife trade in India. It was started in September 2007 with a primary aim to create awareness on rampant poaching and illegal wildlife trade in India and how it affects the endangered flora and fauna. Since then it has covered not only issues related to illegal wildlife trade but also highlighted policies and trends related to legitimate wildlife trade especially in timber and medicinal plants. The newsletter began as a quarterly e-newsletter available only for online distribution. However after a few issues it was converted into a printed edition with three issues coming out every year. The response to the newsletter over the years has been overwhelming and the subscribers continue to increase with every issue. Besides carrying updates on TRAFFIC’s work in India in a given period, the newsletter focuses on the plight of various species in illegal wildlife trade. It also provides early warning through its various sections on illegal wildlife trade trends. The CITES section and the OUTPOST section especially is meant to keep its readers updated on global news related to wildlife trade. Managing Editor: Dilpreet B. Chhabra [email protected] Editorial team: Dr Shekhar Kumar Niraj [email protected] Shubhobroto Ghosh [email protected] Designed by: Dilpreet B. Chhabra [email protected] Front cover: Clown Fish by Jürgen Freund / WWF-Canon © GS Bhardwaj GS © CONTENTS • Wildlife protection stepped up -
Water Animals
Activity Pack: Water Animals This pack is designed to provide teachers with information to help you lead a trip to Colchester Zoo focusing on animals that live in fresh and saltwater habitats. KS1 and KS2 How to Use this Pack: This Water Animal Tour Guide pack was designed to help your students learn about animals from fresh and saltwater habitats and prepare for a trip to Colchester Zoo. The pack starts with suggested aquatic and semi-aquatic animals to visit at Colchester Zoo, including a map of where to see them and which encounters/feeds to attend. The next section contains fact sheets about these animals. This includes general information about the types of animal and specific information about individuals at Colchester Zoo. This information will help you plan your day and your route around the Zoo to see the most of our aquatic and semi-aquatic animals. We recommend all teachers read through this and give copies to adult helpers attending your school trip. The rest of the pack is broken into: pre-trip, at the zoo and post-trip. Each of these sections starts with ideas to help teachers think of ways to relate animals that live in water based habitats to other topics. Then there are a variety of pre- made activities and worksheets. Activities are typically hands on ‘games’ that introduce and reinforce concepts. Worksheets are typically paper hand-outs teachers can photocopy and have pupils complete independently. Teachers can pick and choose which they want to use since all the activities/worksheets can be used independently (you can just use one worksheet if you wish; you don’t need to complete the others). -
Traffic Post Newsletter on Wildlife Trade in India
T R A F F I C N E W S L E T T E R Issue 28 JULY 2017 TRAFFIC POST NEWSLETTER ON WILDLIFE TRADE IN INDIA India's ornamental marine fish trade in deep water: IN FOCUS TRAFFIC Post TRAFFIC’s newsletter on wildlife trade in India was started in September 2007 with a primary objective to create awareness about poaching and illegal wildlife trade . Illegal wildlife trade is reportedly the fourth largest global illegal trade after narcotics, counterfeiting and human trafficking. It has evolved into an organized activity threatening the future of many wildlife species. TRAFFIC Post was born out of the need to reach out to various stakeholders including decision makers, enforcement officials, judiciary and consumers about the extent of illegal wildlife trade in India and the damaging effect it could be having on the endangered flora and fauna. Since its inception, TRAFFIC Post has highlighted pressing issues related to illegal wildlife trade in India and globally, flagged early trends, and illuminated wildlife policies and laws. It has also focused on the status of legal trade in various medicinal plant and timber species that need sustainable management for ensuring ecological and economic success. TRAFFIC Post comes out three times in the year and is available both online and in print. You can subscribe to it by writing to [email protected] All issues of TRAFFIC Post can be viewed at www.trafficindia.org; www.traffic.org Map Disclaimer: The designations of the geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF-India or TRAFFIC, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Marine Policy 44 (2014) 279–286
Marine Policy 44 (2014) 279–286 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpol Fishing the last frontier: The introduction of the marine aquarium trade and its impact on local fishing communities in Papua New Guinea Kathleen Schwerdtner Máñez a,b,n, Lorel Dandava a,c, Werner Ekau a a Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany b Asia Research Center, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia c National Fisheries Authority, P.O. Box 2016, N.C.D, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea article info abstract Article history: Papua New Guinea has sometimes been called the world's last frontier for relatively undamaged coral Received 9 July 2013 reefs and their resources. In 2007, the country joined its neighbours in the marine aquarium trade. By Received in revised form licensing a private company, Papua New Guinea tried an alternative approach to the introduction of this 10 September 2013 activity. Under the so-called SeaSmart Programme, over 100 fishers were trained in sustainable collection Accepted 10 September 2013 techniques and handling of organisms, until the programme was shut down in 2010, and replaced by its Available online 5 October 2013 successor, EcoAquariums PNG. This article contains the first study on the introduction of the marine Keywords: aquarium trade into Papua New Guinea. It evaluates the overall outcomes of the SeaSmart Programme, Marine aquarium trade lists targeted species, and their prices. The main focus is on the local collectors, and on the impacts of this Ornamental species new activity on them and their communities. -
Ecological Impacts and Practices of the Coral Reef Wildlife Trade
Ecological Impacts and Practices of the Coral Reef Wildlife Trade istockphoto.com By Daniel J. Thornhill Defenders of Wildlife Updated December 12, 2012 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary………..………..………..………..………..………..…………….3–5 Chapter 1: Introduction to Coral Reefs and the Coral Reef Wildlife Trade…………..6–12 Part I: Case Studies……..……….……..……….……..……….……..……….……....…13 Chapter 2: Yellow Tang..……….……...……….……...……….…….....……….…..14–24 Chapter 3: Banggai Cardinalfish..………....………....……….....………....………...25–33 Chapter 4: Mandarinfish..…..…………..…………..………....…………..………....34–39 Chapter 5: Giant Anemones and Anemonefish……..………....…………..………...40–61 Chapter 6: Seahorses..…..…………..…………..………....…………..……………..62–78 Chapter 7: Giant Clams..…..…………..…………..………....…………..…………..79–89 Chapter 8: Scleractinian Corals..…………..…………..………....…………..…….90–105 Part II: Broader Impacts of Trade..…..…………..…………..………....…………..…..106 Chapter 9: Injury and Death in the Supply Chain: Accelerating Collection on Reefs..…..…………..…………..………....…………..…………………………..107–116 Chapter 10: Cyanide Fishing..…..…………..…………..………....…………...…117–129 Chapter 11: Invasive Species Introductions..…..…………..…………..………….130–136 Chapter 12: Ecosystem Level Consequences of the Coral Reef Wildlife Trade….137–141 References..…..…………..…………..………....…………..…………………......142–179 Acknowledgments: This report would not have been possible without the help and support of colleagues at Defenders of Wildlife, Environmental Defense Fund, the Humane Society International and the Humane Society of the United States, -
AUG -.-2. 2016 Ms
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NATIONAL MARIN):: FISHERIES SERVICE Silver Spring, MO T081'0 AUG -.-2. 2016 Ms. Joanne Benante Water Quality Planning Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agetj.cy ' ' Region 4 Atlanta Federal Center . 61 Forsyth Street Atlant~, Georgia 30303 Dear Ms. Benante: ~ t : Enclosed is'the National, Marine Fisheries Servi~e?s (NMFS) biological opinion (opinion) on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) approval of water quality standards under section 303(c) of the Clean Water Act. The sp·ecific,'.standards for which cons~Jtation was requested are . site specific numeric criteria for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a, region specific criteria for dis~olved oxygen, 'and turbidity limits for permits Issued under Florida's Joint Coastal Permit. Our opinion was prepared pursuant to section 7(a)(2) 9f the Endangered Species Act of 1973~ as amended (16 USC 1531 et seq.). Ii;i our opinion, we conclude that EPA's approval of these standards is riot likely to jeopardize any ESA-listed Species under NMFS' jurisdiction that occur in Florida: North Atlantic right whale, green, hawksbill, Kemp's ridley, Leatherback, or loggerhead sea turtle, smalltooth sawfish, sho~nose or Atlantic sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon, N:assau grouper, elkhom, s~ghom, rough cactus, pillar, lobed star,· mountainous star, or boulder star coral, or Johnson's seagrass. We also conclude that EPA'.s approval of these standards is not likely to destroy or adversely modifY, designated crhical habitat under NMFS' jurisdiction that occurs within Florida: for the North Atlantic right wh.ale, smalltooth sawfish, ·loggerhead sea turtle, elkhom or staghom coral, or Johnson's seagrass . -
Aquarium Fishes and Their Collection in the Great Barrier Reef Region
Aquarium Fishes and their Collection in the Great Barrier Reef Region MICHAEL WHITEHEAD, JEFF GILMORE, ELAINE EAGER, PETER McGINNITY, WENDY CRAIK, PADDY McCLEOD Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Technical Memorandum GBRYIPA 597.09276 GBRMPA-TM-13 WHI GREAT BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK AUTHORITY TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM GBRMPA-TM-13 AQUARIUM FISHES AND THEIR COLLECTION IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF REGION MICHAEL WHITEHEAD, JEFF GILMORE, ELAINE EAGER, PETER McGINNITY, WENDY CRAIK, PADDY MACLEOD September 1986 SUMMARY The size and nature of the aquarium fish industry in the Great Barrier Reef Region makes it both economically and ecologically important. The industry is expanding fast, yet little information is available. Existing information on the operation of the industry and the biology of target species has been collated, and has shown that: Both locally and internationally, the Great Barrier Reef aquarium fish industry remains relatively underdeveloped. In 1985, 10 commercial operators are known to collect from Capricornia section reefs, Up to 16 commercial operators are known to collect from reefs in the Cairns Section, and about 10 from Townsville and Mackay reefs. An unknown number of amateurs collect throughout the Great Barrier Reef Region. The information on numbers of target species is insufficient to distinguish between natural population fluctuations, and fluctuation due to collecting. Potential areas of conflict exist but further research is required to identify them. KEYWODRDS: aquarium fish, collecting, GBR, management, impacts Technical memoranda are of a preliminary nature, and represent the views of the author, not necessarily those of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Please address all comments and requests for copies to: The Executive Officer, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority P.O.