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NFDB Souvenir.Pdf Souvenir World Fisheries Day 21st November 2017 Government of India Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi बी. किशोर, आई.ए.एस. भारत सरकार कृषि और ककसान क쥍ाण मं配ालय संयुक्त सचिव पशुपालन, डेयरी और मात्स्यिकीष िभाग B. Kishore, IAS कृषि भिन, नई कि쥍ी -110001 Joint Secretary Govt. of India Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi - 110001 Message Fisheries touch our lives in countless ways. If well maintained, they can feed millions of people, generate jobs and income, help maintain log-standing community and cultural traditions, and provide a range of products. World Fisheries Day, observed annually on November 21st, is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of fisheries around the world and what we can do to ensure that they stay healthy and productive. Neel Kranti Mission - 2016, envisages “Creating an enabling environment for integrated development of the full potential of fisheries of the country, along with substantial improvement in the income status of fishers and fish farmers keeping in view the sustainability, biosecurity and environmental concerns”. Fishers, the backbone of the Neel Kranti Mission, are going to be benefited through the schemes initiated by the Govt. of India. Fish farmers are covered under insurance scheme and many fishermen are also being provided relief during the non-fishing season. I hope World Fisheries Day celebration will contribute significantly in creating awareness and successful promotion of ‘Blue Revolution’. Date: 10/11/2017 New Delhi (B. Kishore) आई. रानी िु मुदिनी, आई.ए.एस. रा�絍ीय मात्स्यिकी षिकास बोड㔡 मुख्यि ाय㔯पालि पशुपालन, डेयरी और मात्स्यिकीष िभाग I. Rani Kumudini, IAS NFDB कृषि और ककसान क쥍ाण मं配ालय Chief Executive हैिराबाि -500052 National Fisheries Development Board Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Hyderabad – 500 052 Foreword India is endowed with diverse water resources such as major and minor rivers, lakes, reservoirs, flood plains, wetlands, estuaries, mangroves, coastal lagoons, seas, etc., that not only harbour a rich aquatic biodiversity but also sustain valuable fisheries resources. Over the decades, the country made rapid strides in the fisheries sector progressing initially from subsistence fisheries to commercial fisheries and subsequently, with transfer of technology from lab to land, commercial aquaculture in the country recorded exponential growth. Currently, with an annual production of about 10.80 million tonnes India stands second among the leading fishing nations in the world and nearly 70% of this production comes from Inland Capture Fisheries and Freshwater Aquaculture. The overall growth that the country has achieved in Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector is being celebrated on the World Fisheries Day on 21st November 2017 with the participation of a cross section of the stakeholders involved. On this occasion a Souvenir is being brought out with 11 articles written by some of the leading fisheries scientists and academicians in the country. A wide variety of topics of interest, covering some of the issues that the sector is facing as well as the opportunities that are available to enhance fish production and productivity, are presented. The significant points made in the articles are worth mentioning here. The Fisheries sector in India evolved from artisanal fishing to sophisticated technologically advanced fishing industry through excellent scientific innovations and infrastructure. Studies made in the country over the years have led to the need for implementing measures to conserve natural resources using selective fishing gear. Issues of seed quality and disease incidence in shrimp aquaculture were tackled with better management and diversification of species. New technologies such as cryopreservation of gametes, genomics, biofertilization, etc., have made aquaculture more efficient and specialized. In situ conservation, stock enhancement through ranching, ex situ conservation through cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, tissue banking, DNA Bar-coding, development of fish cell lines for fish virology studies would lead to improving the nation’s fish wealth. The Eastern Himalayas are home to rich freshwater fish diversity exemplified by 596 species under 123 genera and 37 families that are threatened by overexploitation, pollution, habitat degradation, climate change and invasion by exotic species. A case study on management of multi-use water bodies in Chhattisgarh reveals the intricacies, conflicts among stakeholders, the nature of technical, socio-economic-cultural-political and environmental interdependencies. Freshwater aquaculture requires diversification of fish species including small and indigenous species, integrated fish farming, cage and pen culture, opening of one-stop aqua shops, and skill development. Fish health issues in aquaculture arise from breakdown of balance between host, pathogen and environment, emerging pathogens, trans-boundary movement of live animals and live feeds, use of antibiotics and veterinary drugs, and there is an urgent need for aquaculture certification. Sea Cage Farming provides immense opportunities for enhancing marine fish production while simultaneously reducing fishing pressure on natural stocks and providing livelihood to coastal communities. Artificial Reefs are found to restore marine ecosystem and enhance marine fish production with community participation and ownership along Tamil Nadu coast. There is immense scope for development of Ornamental Fisheries in the country. Hatchery technology for production of 10 marine ornamental fishes has been standardized at ICAR-CMFRI; success was achieved in the case of Clownfish, Damselfish and Firefish. Also a method has been developed for sustainable trade from wild collection of ornamental fish. Advanced technologies adopted at ICAR-CIFT are being popularized for post-harvest fish processing and packaging to enhance the safety and shelf-life of fish products, and a variety of value-added products, ready to serve fish products, extruded products and fishery byproducts have been developed. I compliment the authors for their valuable contributions that not only trace the growth of the fisheries sector in the country and highlight the technological advances made but also show us the way forward for sustainable fisheries development in the country. I would also like to place on record my sincere appreciation to Dr. K. Ravindranath, Senior Consultant (Technical), NFDB, for the excellent editing. Hyderabad 17 November 2017 (I. Rani Kumudini) CONTENTS Sl. Page Title and Author No. No. 1 Research for Development (R4D) in Fisheries 1 – S. Ayyappan 2 Status of Fish Genetic Resources in India and their Management 5 Strategies – J. K. Jena and A. Gopalakrishnan 3 Freshwater Aquaculture in India: Opportunities, Challenges and 14 the Way Forward – Satyendra D. Tripathi 4 Marine Fisheries at Cross-roads – What is in store for the future? 26 – P.S.B.R. James 5 Fish Health and Aquaculture: Key Concerns and Approaches 35 – Iddya Karunasagar 6 Conservation of Biodiversity in Aquatic Ecosystems, specially the 39 Fish Genetic Resources of the Eastern Himalayas – W. Vishwanath 7 Sea Cage Farming – a means to enhance Marine Fish Production 44 in India – a holistic approach – G. Syda Rao 8 Improving Water Sharing Through Fostering Institutional 50 Creativity: Lessons from Multi-Use Water Bodies Management – Dinesh K Marothia 9 Artificial Reefs and their possible role in Ecosystem Restoration 58 and Enhancement of Marine Fish Production – H. Mohamad Kasim 10 Marine Ornamental Fish Production and Trade Opportunities Ahead 75 – G. Gopakumar 11 Recent Advances in Post-harvest Processing and Value Addition 88 in the Fisheries Sector – T.K. Srinivasa Gopal, George Ninan and C.N. Ravishankar Souvenir 1 Research for NFDB Development (R4D) in Fisheries S. Ayyappan Former Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) and Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi ndian fisheries is one of the most comprehensive there is also a flavor of industry in fish processing and representative fisheries globally, with both and trade. Given the canvas and opportunities, it Imarine and inland fisheries, as also warm as well was a long felt need of an institution, to link science as cold water fisheries, in terms of the ecosystems. with commerce, research with business, as also Further, there are few countries with significant coordinate entrepreneurship with finance, and thus components of both fisheries and aquaculture, as was formed the National Fisheries Development we have. Over the last seven decades, fisheries Board. It is a matter of pride and pleasure to note has moved centrestage from fisher hamlets, with that NFDB completed a decade of its establishment, demonstrated contributions to the economy in terms housed in a fish-building in Hyderabad, unique in of nutritional security, livelihoods, employment and the entire country. exports. Globally too, fish is more than just a protein Research source, with low cholesterol-highly unsaturated fatty acids, micronutrients and vitamins, also the Fisheries research in India dates back to early most efficient conversion animal model. 19th century, though the research institutions are as young as the independent India. Biology of The utility share of fish globally is 81% for commercially
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