ELIMINATING MALARIA Case-Study 6
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
ELIMINATING MALARIA Case-study 6 Progress towards subnational elimination in the Philippines ELIMINATING MALARIA Case-study 6 Progress towards subnational elimination in the Philippines WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Progress towards subnational elimination in the Philippines (Eliminating malaria case-study, 6) 1.Malaria - prevention and control. 2.Malaria - epidemiology. 3.National health programs. 4.Philippines. I.World Health Organization. II.University of California, San Francisco. ISBN 978 92 4 150738 7 (NLM classification: WC 765) © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Printed in France Suggested citation: Ministry of Health Philippines and the World Health Organization and the University of California, San Francisco (2014). Eliminating Malaria: Case-study 6 | Progress towards subnational elimination in the Philippines. Geneva: The World Health Organization. Cover photo: Jenny Liu Design by University of California San Francisco Global Health Group / Paprika-annecy Publications of the University of California, San Francisco Global Health Group are available on the UCSF web site (http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/global-health-group). TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................................................vii Acronyms and abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................viii Glossary .............................................................................................................................................................................x Executive summary ...........................................................................................................................................................1 History of malaria control .......................................................................................................................................1 Lessons learned ........................................................................................................................................................2 Outlook for the future ..............................................................................................................................................3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................5 The malaria elimination case-study series ...............................................................................................................5 Malaria in the WHO Western Pacific Region ..........................................................................................................5 Malaria in the Philippines .........................................................................................................................................6 Country background .........................................................................................................................................................9 Geography, climate, population and economy ........................................................................................................9 Population health profile and health system..........................................................................................................10 History of malaria and malaria control in the Philippines ..............................................................................................13 Overview of parasites and vectors in the country .................................................................................................13 Early malaria control efforts (1920–1955) ..............................................................................................................15 Malaria eradication phase (1956–1982) ..................................................................................................................15 Malaria control phase (1983–1998) .........................................................................................................................17 Malaria control in the period of health sector reform (1999–2007) .......................................................................21 Moving from control to elimination (2008 onwards) ............................................................................................23 Factors contributing to change in the malaria situation ..................................................................................................31 How did the Philippines maintain malaria control from 1950 to 1999? ................................................................31 How has the Philippines reduced transmission since 2000?...................................................................................34 What populations are most at risk, and what interventions are targeted at them? ..............................................39 How much did malaria control and elimination cost? ...........................................................................................39 What is the programmatic baseline from which the Philippines will eliminate malaria? .....................................44 Lessons learned and outlook for the future ....................................................................................................................47 Organizational structure of the malaria control programme ...............................................................................47 Improvements in programme strategy and implementation ................................................................................47 Community mobilization and Local Government Unit ownership ......................................................................48 Financing and sources ...........................................................................................................................................48 Subnational elimination goal .................................................................................................................................49 Future outlook: How will the Philippines eliminate malaria? ...............................................................................49 References ........................................................................................................................................................................51 Annex 1: Data sources and methods used .......................................................................................................................56 Annex 2: Demographic data and health, social and economic development .................................................................57 Annex 3: Evaluation team, sources and criteria for subnational elimination ..................................................................59 Annex 4: Subnational elimination approaches of the provinces of Cavite and Batanes .................................................60 Annex 5: Supplementary costing information .................................................................................................................62 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This case study is part of a series of malaria elimination Offices, and Government Offices of the municipalities case studies conducted by the World Health Organization and barangays of Apayao, Benguet, Cavite, Laguna (WHO) Global Malaria Programme, Geneva, and the and Sorsogon provinces for their logistical and tech- Global Health Group at the University of California, nical support. In particular