E2566 V3 rev Public Disclosure Authorized Hebei Water Conservation Project II Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
September 30, 2010
Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 GENERALS ...... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.2 APPLICABLE EA REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS...... 2 1.3 EIA CONTENT, ASSESSMENT KEY ASPECT, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GOAL ...... 3 1.4 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES AND PLANING...... 4
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 6
2.1 SITUATIONS...... 6 2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 8 2.3 PROJECT ANALYSIS ...... 11 2.4 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS...... 13
3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF PROJECT AREA ...... 16
3.1 GEOGRAPHY...... 16 3.1.1 TOPOGRAPHY ...... 16 3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMY ...... 17 3.3 GENERALS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CONSERVANCY WORKS ...... 18
4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE...... 18
4.1 POLLUTION SOURCES...... 18 4.2 SOIL QUALITY...... 19 4.3 PRESENT SITUATION OF SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT QUALITY...... 20 4.4 PRESENT SITUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY ...... 20 4.5 PRESENT SITUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY ...... 21 4.6 PRESENT SITUATION OF SOUND ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ...... 21
5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...... 21
5.1 PROJECT POSITIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT...... 21 5.2 IMPACT OF WATER SAVING IRRIGATION ON WATER UTILIZATION AND GROUNDWATER LEVEL ...... 22 5.3 IMPACT OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON SOIL AND WATER ENVIRONMENT...... 25 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION...... 33 5.6 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...... 34
6 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS...... 36
6.1 GENERAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT...... 36 6.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION METHODS...... 36
7 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS...... 37
7.1 PROJECT FINANCING ...... 37 7.2 ECONOMIC BENEFIT ANALYSIS...... 38 7.3 SOCIAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 38 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS...... 39
8 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 40
1 8.1 GENERAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 40 8.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR DAMING COUNTY ...... 50 8.3 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SHE COUNTY...... 51
9 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 54
9.1 SURVEY OBJECTS AND METHOD ...... 54 9.2 SURVEY RESULTS ...... 55
10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...... 57
10.1 CONCLUSIONS OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION ASSESSMENT ...... 57 10.2 MAIN IMPACTS AND COUNTERMEASURES ...... 57 10.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 59
ANNEX 1: GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT...... 60
ANNEX2 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 63
2 1 Generals
1.1 Background
China is an agricultural country with large populations and less cultivated lands which always restrict the development of the whole country. With the development of economy and the increase of populations, how to feed more than one billion population is always a matter of prime importance. China is also a country with frequent flood and drought disasters and short of water resources. Even though the total water resources volume takes the sixth place of the world, its per capita holding is only one fourth of that of the world level, making up the 110th place and was designated by the United Nations as one of the thirteen water lacking countries. Moreover, the limited water resources is distributed unevenly in terms of both space and time, which are more in the south and less in the north, more in the east and less in the west, more in summer and autumn and less in winter and spring. The composition of water and land resources is non-proportional. The water resources in North China where the land area constitutes 60% of the whole country accounts less than 20% of that of the whole country, and its seasonal and regional water shortage is very prominent. On the one hand, the water resources are very insufficent, and on the other hand, they are wasted seriously in agriculture sector. At present, the utilization factor of irrigation water in China is only 0.4, however, it can reach 0.8 0.9 in advanced countries, therefore, there are great potentials for water saving in agriculture in China. If the utilization factor of irrigation water in the constructed irrigated areas of China can be increased by 0.1 0.2, the annual water saving volume will reach 40 80 billion cubic meters calculated as 400 billion cubic meters water consumption in agriculture and this will play an important role in alleviating the contradictions between water resources supply and demand. At present, the water use efficiency of irrigation water in China is very low, the cereal production per cubic meter water can’t reach 1.0 kilogram which is less than 50% of that in developed countries. Developing water saving irrigation is an important way for increasing the utilization efficiency of irrigation water, the comprehensive agricultural productivity and farmer’s income and promoting the sustainable utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of agriculture, which is of great significance in water- lacking districts. In order to raise enough funds, the state planed to borrow loan from the World Bank to develop water saving irrigation projects in Hebei province, meanwhile, undertake the construction of agricultural modification projects.
1.1.1 Review of Hebei Water Conservation Project I
Hebei Water Conservation Project I, financed by the World Bank, covers a total 6 counties in two municipalities, Handan (Guantao, Feixiang, Linzhang, Chengan and She County), Shijiazhuang (Yuanshi county). The overall objectives of the project are
1 to increase the utilization factor of irrigation water; to increase the capability of comprehensive production of agriculture and farmers’ income and to promote the sustainable use of water resources and the sustainable development of agriculture. The report of the project shows its objectives were achieved: · The water productivity of crop increased rapidly. The water productivity of wheat, maize, cotton, rice, ground vegetables, grape, fruit tree increased by 0.83, 1.01, 0.17, 0.55, 4.0, 9.47, 3.63, 3.53 on average. · The income of farmers increased rapidly. The improving rate of annual income of 2001-2005 is between 9.5% 2001-2005 20.2%. · water consumptation on the cultivated land reduced rapidly. The real water saving on the cultivated land in hebei province was 61.9mm. · The objective of sustainable agricultural water management in the project areas was achieved . The dropping speed of the water table is relieved .
1.1.2 Compliance with Relevant Master Plan
Hebei Water Conservation Project II uses an integrated approach to support sustainable agricultural water management and irrigated agriculture development. It will finance three broad categories of water saving interventions: engineering (or physical) measures, agronomic measures, and management measures needed to achieve the project development objectives. The project Components is in compliacnce with the requirement of “The national water-saving irrigation plan” and “The Hebe integrated agriculture water-saving plan ”.
1.2 Applicable EA Regulations and Standards
(1) Some relevant laws and regulations of environmental protection “Environmental Impact Assessment Laws of PRC” (9th Sep. 2003) “Water Laws of PRC” (5th Sep. 1987) “Water Pollution Control Laws of PRC” (1th June 2008) No. (98) 253 of the State Council “Environmental Protection Rules for Construction Project” “Notice for Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment in International Financial Organization Loan Project” 1993 324 issued by the State’s Environmental Protection Bureau, the Planning Commission, the Financial Ministry and the People’s Bank of China “The World Bank Operational Manual — Operation policies” OP4.01 ” “Instructions for Environmental Impact Assessment” (HJ/T 2.2~2.3-93)
(2) Some relevant documents and reports The entrustment book of environmental impact assessment for the WB Financed Water Conservancy Project The Project Implementation Plan of the WB Financed Water Conservation Project II No. (2010) 630 of the state development and reform Committee“Reply of the project proposal of Water Conservation Project II”
2 (3) Assessment standard
“Standard for Field Irrigation Water Quality” GB5084-92 “Standard for Surface water quality”(GB3838-88) “Standard for Groundwater Quality” (GB/T14848-93) “Standard for Soil Environment” (GB15618-95)
The above standards can be carried out according to the zonation of environment role in different project areas
(4) World Bank Safeguard Policies.
1.3 EIA Content, Assessment Key Aspect, and Environmental Protection Goal
1.3.1 EIA Content
•Environmental baseline •Impact of water resources utilization on water environment •Impact of pesticide and fertilizer on soil and water environment •Impacts in construction period •Impacts on social economic development •The public Consultation •Mitigation measures •Investment for environmental protection and profit analysis •EMP
1.3.2 Assessment scope and period
The construction scope of the project is the assessment scope, the assessment period is mainly the operation period of the project and brief assessment was made in the construction period of the project.
1.3.3 Assessment focal point
The project will mainly involve water body environment. It won’t have atmosphere and solid waste influence by and large except there are some on-site and periodic light machinery noises and dust. Therefore, the main impact the project involves is water environment. There are no sensitive environmental receptors in project areas according to the regional environmental function division and environmental protection planning, and field visits. These project areas are located in the water-lackiing areas of North China where groundwater has shown a tendency of overdraft, the continuous descent of groundwater level and the continuous expansion of funnel area are the main regional environmental problems. The assessment mainly is to determine whether the project will aggravate the shortage of water resources, especially in areas where groundwater
3 is the main irrigation water sources, and whether the project will lead to or aggravate the continuous descent of groundwater level.
In order to increase the yield of agricultural production, the application of pesticide and fertilizer may increase due to the change of crop planting structure. Whether pesticide and fertilizer will aggravate the pollution on soil and water environment is another assessment focal point. Because the project focuses on increasing the utilization factor of water resources, the project will bring positive impacts on the rational use of water resources and the socio-economic development in the beneficiary areas. The report will analyze the positive impact of the project on water resources, environment, society and economy.
1.3.4 Objectives of environmental protection
There is no special object for environmental protection in the project area. There is no irrigation return flow in the project area on the whole if water saving technologies are introduced. As such the main object for environmental protection is the groundwater which can be detailed as follows: · The water saving irrigation should balance water resources supply and demand and should not result in the continuous descent of groundwater level and the continuous extension of funnel area. · Adopting effective measures to apply pesticide and fertilizer rationally ensuring not to aggravate groundwater and other pollution.
There is no special object for environmental protection in the project area. There is also no return water of farmland irrigation in the project area on the whole under water saving conditions, the main object for environmental protection is the groundwater environment which can be detailed as follows: · The implementation of water saving irrigation should balance water resources supply and demand and needn’t result in the continuous descent of groundwater level and the continuous extension of funnel area. · Adopting effective measures to apply pesticide and fertilizer rationally and ensuring not to aggravate groundwater and other environmental pollution.
The environmental impact assessment of the project is in compliance with the relevant EA laws, regulations and standards, and the World Bank Safeguard Polices. The EIA is based on the feasibility study for each project area, field visit, analysis,. Detail analaysis, and then proposes the mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impact to acceptable level.
1.4 Assessment procedures and planing
The assessment planing and working procedures of the project is shown in chart 1.
4 Accept the entrustment for
Survey and collect Solicit opinions from Determine the data some relevant assessment standard
Compile EIA program
Review and revise EIA program
Project Investigate and Environmental The public analysis assess impact participatio P P I I I A A A A A n n n n n r r n n n v v v o e a a a a a l l p e e e j y y e l l l s s s s s a y y y c i i t t t r s s i i i s s s t a g g g o o i i i t g s s s n n a a a i e o t i t t t o o o h h i o i n n o o n n n e e n e n n i i o r t t t n n a h h h a f f f o a n l l l e e e u u n s n d e e s o d i i i n n i t n n n m a t c c h a u f f f e e s e l l l e s a s o o u u u s e t f f s k e e e e i s t i i o e n n n r r s a s r r n s y t c c c m i i g g u m s e e e a a s e t t e o o o i i n o o o n f f n n n t f t p t o w w s s h o e n o o o o e n s r r c i k k t t l c i h t i s s a h c o e e t t l o o i e n n d e s g g v s s e t c r r t i a t o o r o r a a u u t u o n u t n n n c u n d d o s d t s w w m i m o o f a a o e f e t t n i e e f c n r g r r t p s t l q r i d u e r l o u e v i o r a u z e v f l c l i e n a e t e y r c d l s o e t w s o p w t a m o w t a e e t a t r h e n t e r e t r
Countermeasures to the disadvantageous influence on
Compile EIA report
Chart 1 assessment program
5 2 Project Description
2.1 Situations
2.1.1 Project name, character and components
Project name: Hebei Water Conservation Project II Project character: agricultural infrastructure construction Project liable department: Hebei Water Conservation Project II Office Project components: the water conservation project includes the following components: · Irrigation: mainly include developing canal lining, low pressure pipe irrigation, and irrigation works. · Agriculture: agricultural water saving measures, such as soil improvement, quality seed production, extension of agricultural technology and training, pest and disease control and agro-machinery and service station etc. will be adopted. · Wind Barriers and environmental protection: Wind Barriers and environmental protection works such as construction of tree shelter belts and monitoring of groundwater level, water quality and soil in order to improve the ecological environment. · Institutional development and support: mainly include technical assistance, training, study tours, applied research, SIDD and MIS in order to coordinate with the water conservation and agricultural water saving measures, strengthen the water saving management measures in the project areas and improve the scientific irrigation management level.
2.1.2 Project scale and investment
The comparison of project area between Hebei Water Conservation Project I and Hebei Water Conservation Project II is showed in table2.1-1. Table 2.1-1 Comparison of project area between Project I and Project II Hebei Water Hebei Water Conservation Project II Conservation Project I Guantao, Feixiang, Feixiang Linzhang She Linzhang, Handan Handan city County Guantao daming quzhou qiu Chengan city county jize and She County Shijiazhuang Yuanshi Tangshan luannan leting city County city
6 7DQJVKDQFLW\ OXDQQDQOHWLQJ FRXQW\
+DQGDQFLW\ )HL[LDQJ /LQ]KDQJ 6K H
chart2.1-1 The location map of project area Hebei Water Conservation Project II covers a total 10 counties in two municipalities, Handan (guantao,feixiang, linzhang, jize, quzhou, daming, shexian, qiu county), Tangshan (luannan, leting county). Table 2.1-2 Planed Areas in the Project Areas No. project area Planed irrigation area (Ten thousand mu) 1 daming 3667 2 She County 2000 3 quzhou 2600 4 qiu county 2476 5 Linzhang 2667 6 jize 2800 7 Guantao 2333 8 Feixiang 2800 9 luannan 2333 10 leting 2267 Total 25943
7 The total investment of the project is 272.11 million RMB yuan, of which, the World Bank loan is 20 million US dollars, and the counterpart funds from different levels of local government is 135.71million RMB yuan. Table 2.1-3 Project investment Funds source Amount of money % of total invest (Ten thousand yuan) total 27211.4 100.0 1.WB Loan 13640 50.1 2.Counterpart Fund 13571 49.9
2.1.3 Project objectives
The overall objectives of the project are to increase the utilization factor of irrigation water; to increase the capability of comprehensive production of agriculture and farmers’ income and to promote the sustainable use of water resources and the sustainable development of agriculture.
The key technical indicators are as follows: · The utilization factor of irrigation water should be greater than 0.6, and the utilization factor of canal water should be greater than 0.65. The utilization factor of water for irrigated area of rice should be greater than 0.95, and the utilization factor of water for irrigated area of drought crop should be greater than 0.90. · The productivity of crop should be increased at least by 15% . The output raising of industrial crops reach 30% and the cereal productivity of water should be increased at least by 20%, per unit ET cereal productivity should be higher than 1.2 kg/m3. · The target of revenue increase of farmers: The per capita average net revenue should be increased by 200 RMB Yuan. · EIRR should be greater than 8%.
2.2 Project components
2.2.1 Irrigation component
The irrigation component is to conduct canal lining, pipe irrigation, etc. water saving irrigation. · Canal lining Canal lining, integrating with technical rehabilitation is to be conducted in the project area to increase the water delivery efficiency of canal systems. · Pipe line delivery Low-pressure pipeline delivery is one of the main technical measure for extending and applying water saving irrigation in well-irrigated areas, which is also one of the main works to be constructed in the project. · Water measure facilities
8 Water measure facilities are not only the basic facilities for strengthening irrigation water management, but also the key technology for rationing water supply, water measure irrigation and charging based on metric volume. The water measure facilities used in canals are Parshall flumes and wide crest weirs and in fields are triangular weirs or small sized sluice gate systems.
The project will include 10 counties, i.e. Guantao, Feixiang, Linzhang, Jizhe, Quzhou, Daming, Shexian, Qiuxian, Luannan,Leting. Water saving technologies will be developed in total 25,943 ha of irrigation area, including 3,333 ha of canaling ling,s 2,2610 ha of low pressure pipe(See Table2.1-2).
Table 2.2-1 Components and quantities of water delivery works Item unit quantitaes 1 .reconstruction well well 599 2. pump set set 1125 3. PVC pipe m 2645009 4 .plastic pipe m 214371 5. structures block 18547 6 .rural electricity km 7.7 7. power transformer set 12 8 .flow measurement set 1360 9 .earthwork M3 4518216 10. pumped well house monospace 500 11. water measurement set 425
Based on the ageed legal docuement, Daming County will extract water from the Yellow River via Xiaoyinghe Channel to Daming County. For irrgiatioin purpose, Daming plans to build a bridge acrros the Channel, and a regulating lock in the Channel.
2.2.2 Agriculture Intensification & Support
Relevant agricultural technologies are to be adopted according to natural features and crop types in different areas: · Moisture retaining technology Deep ploughing or non-tillage technology is planed to be adopted timely according to the characteristics of crops and soil. Non-tillage in dry season can reduce the evaporation of soil and infiltration loss of irrigation water. Deep ploughing in rainy season can increase the infiltration of precipitation and the capability of soil moisture retaining. The lands should be ploughed deeply once every 3~5 years and the ploughing depth should reach 25~30 cm. · Temperature increasing and moisture retaining technology such as wheat stalk shredding and plastic film covering
9 The covering of stalk or plastic film can not only increase the ground temperature, but also greatly reduce the evaporation loss of soil and increase the utilization factor of water. Stalk covering can be completed together with field stalk shredding machine and harvester. · Comprehensive management technology of water and fertilizer According to water and fertilizer demand, the method of applying fertilizer appropriately through soil measuring are to be adopted. Deep applying and increasing the utilization ratio of fertilizer are recommended. · Rationally regulating the planting structures of crops According to the requirements of industrialized agriculture and in order to meet social demands and achieve the optimum economic and ecological benefits, planting structures of crops should be regulated rationally to increase multiple crop index. In the areas where advanced irrigation technologies have been adopted and the assurance coefficient of irrigation is higher, the planting proportion of cash crops should be enlarged to increase economic benefits and farmer’s revenue. · Seed selection and cultivation technology of drought-resistance crops Seed base will be established to select and cultivate fine varieties of drought- resistance and high yield seeds and realize the ratio of fine varieties in the project areas reaching at least 95%. Advanced cultivation technology, in association with moisture retaining technology should be adopted to realize biological water saving.
Table 2.2-2 Agricultural components in the project area Components Unit quantities 1.water-saving agriculture and soil improvement Land leveling hm2 15053 Wheat stalk shredding hm2 15449 Plastic film hm2 5769 Moisture retainer t 14 Deep ploughing 1958 greenhouse block 487 Cold house block 277 6.Field road 210 Tractor-ploughing road construction km 36815 Production road construction km buildings block
2.2.3 planting trees as wind barrier
In order to improve the ecological environment of farmlands, tree shelter belts are to be improved and completed in the project area and comprehensive management of water, soil, farmlands and tree will be conducted. The investment in Wind Barriers is mainly used for improving the existing shelter belts and planting a few fruit trees and
10 nurseries.She County plan to plant 200hm2 walnut tree, 928hm2 farmland shelter tree network 200hm2 economic tree.
2.2.4 Management measures
The main management measures include establishment of SIDD and MIS and the design, extension and training of high-efficient water saving irrigation program. In order to change the management mode that the state construct water conservancy works and the masses can use water without payment under the planing economic system, SIDDs mode, including WUAs and WSOs, which manage by itself and assume sole responsibilities for its loss and profit to maintain and manage the operation of the irrigation system, are planed to be established in the project area. Their aims are carrying out management system reform, improving management of water resources, increasing irrigation costs recovery, autonomous management capacities of irrigated areas and irrigation efficiency of the whole project. MIS, which will produce various diagram reports for analysis and decision making, is mainly used in computer system for design, construction, management, supervision and assessment of the project, The design of high-efficient water saving irrigation program should be carried out according to the actual conditions of project area and the design of irrigation and the analysis of water balance should be performed with the theory of “real” water savings. Meanwhile, engineering water-saving measures and agricultural water-saving measures will be adopted to work out high-efficient water-saving irrigation program. Technical training should be carried out in the farmers to enable them to grasp the scientific irrigation technology.
2.3 Project analysis
Water saving irrigation is the center of the project and agricultural, wind barriers and management measures are also given consideration in order to achieve the goal of saving water, promoting the agricultural development, the sustainable utilization of water resources and increase the farmers’ revenue. It had been demonstrated from theories and practices that advanced water saving irrigation technologies and their relevant agricultural measures will exert an important impact on agricultural production in economic, social and environmental benefits. As to the water saving project itself, it won’t produce any waste gas, wastewater and waste residue during construction and belongs to non-pollution project. However, water resources reallocation process does exist in water saving irrigation and may produce certain impacts on the environment. Moreover, the improvement of irrigation conditions, regulation of planting structures of crops, increase of multiple crop index and pesticide and fertilizer application and the construction process for yield increase will also produce certain impacts on the environment.
11 2.3.1 Analysis on the impact of irrigation component on environment
Irrigation components include water diversion and allocation works and field works etc. many parts, their main impacts on environment are as follows: (1) Impact of water resources utilization on environment Water saving irrigation is a water resources utilization project, the change of irrigation patterns will influence the utilization efficiency of water resources and the works will influence the transformation of different water resources (surface water and groundwater, shallow water and confined water). The difference of irrigation water sources, irrigation patterns, irrigation volume, and local natural geography and water resources utilization will also produce different degrees of impacts on the environment. The project area of Hebei Province is located in the North China where water resources are short, groundwater is the main water sources for industrial and agricultural development and domestic water use, with the development of social economy, water demand will increase year by year. The continuous descent of groundwater level has occurred in some areas, whether the construction of the project will aggravate or alleviate the descent of groundwater level is the key point of the environmental impact assessment. The utilization factor of irrigation water will be increased from 0.4~0.65 to 0.7~0.85 under water saving irrigation conditions, the utilization factor of agricultural water resources will be increased remarkably and irrigation water demand will be reduced than the present. So it’s predicted that the contradictions between regional water resources demand and supply will be alleviated after the implementation of the project. (2). Impact of water saving irrigation on soil and groundwater quality According to the water environment zonation and the initial investigation on irrigation water quality, the irrigation water quality is up to the standard basically. And after the implementation of the project, the volume of water seepage will be reduced, so the anticipated impacts of irrigation water quality on soil environment and the quality of water body will be less.
2.3.2 Analysis on the impact of agricultural component on environment
Crop planting structures will be regulated and the multiple crop indexes will be changed in order to increase the yield of cereals. It’s anticipated that the applied quantity of fertilizer will be increased to a certain extent and the quantity of pesticide will be the same as the present or reduced a little. Fertilizer may pollute groundwater after being leached by irrigation water. Moreover, other agricultural measures will also produce certain impact on water environment, soil and ecology. The regulation of planting structures will be beneficial to developing high efficient agriculture and utilizing lands effectively, meanwhile, selecting less water consumption crops is also an agricultural measure. The use of fertilizer is an important method to increase soil fertility and crop yield, however, the impact of fertilizer on water environment is also a widespread concerned issue. The loss of
12 nitrogen and phosphorous in field is the main factor in water environment pollution and it will result in the pollution of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, particularly result in the high nutrient content of lakes and reservoirs and NO3-N pollution of groundwater. Because the project is a water saving irrigation project, irrigation return flow won’t be produced, and the taking of appropriate fertilizing measure will be beneficial to increasing the utilization factor of fertilizer, it’s anticipated that the project will not aggravate the surface water pollution around. However, even though the seepage of irrigation water to groundwater will be reduced, there is still some infiltrating into groundwater. Whether the application of fertilizer will result in NO3-N pollution of groundwater or not is the main concerned issue after the implementation of the project.
2.3.3 Environmental impact of construction process
Water delivery works, construction of bridges, culverts and roads and land leveling etc. earthworks are involved in the construction period. These on-farm works, agricultural earthwork and mechanical construction will result in on-site and periodic pollution, such as spoil, noise and the loss of water and soil.
2.3.4 Project impacts on water resources utilization, social and economic development
The project anticipates to increase the utilization efficiency of water resources, reduce agricultural water waste, promote the regulation of planting structures for the improvement of irrigation conditions, increase the farmers’ revenue and accelerate the regional social economic development. It’s anticipated that the construction of SIDD will change the management patterns of water resources and raise the farmers’ management level.
2.4 Identification of environmental impact factors
Because the project areas is scattered, the impact of regional natural geographic conditions, irrigation water sources and irrigation patterns and according to the project component, character, scale, regional location and construction etc. characters, two series of matrixes should be listed in tables to differentiate and determine the environment impact factors. Then analyze these factors, prepare the main factors relevant with the project and determine the key points and scope of assessment.
The purpose of the WB Water Conservation Project is to reduce the waste of water resources, it won’t discharge any pollutant and won’t give rise to any social issues. The project has huge social, economic and environmental benefits from a long-term point of view, however, it will exert some adverse impacts on the environment for the utilization of water resources, application of fertilizer and pesticide and the construction of the project.
13 Based on the project components and consultation with some experts of water conservancy, agriculture and environment, we selected some environmental impact factors from its positive and adverse impacts on the environment and society, impact degree, impact time and impact scale during the construction and operation of the project. The project’s main adverse impacts were primarily determined as follows:
• ·soil and water loss and noises of machines etc. during the construction period of the project. • ·whether the water diversion of the project will aggravate the continuous descent of groundwater level in project areas or not. • ·whether the application of fertilizer and pesticide will aggravate soil and water pollution or not. • ·Impact of other agricultural measures on the environment.
14 Table 2.4-1 Determination of environmental impact factors
Natural level Social environment
Surface Surface water Groundwater Groundwater Land Crowd’s Impact level Soil quality Topography Economy Society volume quality volume quality utilization health
D D E S d D E S d D E S d D E S d D E S d D E S D D E S d D E S d D E S d D E S
Water source works O S L L O S L L O S P S L L N L L L O S L M O S L L L M
Constr Canal lining O S L L O S L L O S P S L L O L L L O S L L O S L L L M uction period Irrigation facilities O S L L O S L L O S P S L L O L L L O S L L O S L L L L
Land leveling O L L L O S L L P L L H O L L L O S L L P S P S L L P L R H O S L L L H Water saving works P L L H P L R P L R H O L L H P L R L P L R H P L R H O L R L O L R L irrigation L
Pesticide L R L N L R H N L R H P L R M O S R H O S R L N L R L L Operat ion Fertilizer N L R L O L R H N L R H P L R M O L R H O S R L N L R L period Regulation of O L R M O L R L O L R M P L L M P L R L O L R M P L R H P L R M O S R L P L R L planting structure
Wind Barriers P L R M P L R P L R M P L L M P L R L P L L R P L R M P L R H O L R L P L R L L S-short- P-positive L-partial H-high term
Note: d role N-adverse D deadline E scope S Serious degree M*-medium
L-long- O-medium R-region L-low term
“—” no impact
15 3 Environmental conditions of project area
3.1 Geography
3.1.1 Topography
The project include hill area, alluvial plain and littoral plain. She County lies in the southwest corner of Hebei, belongs to the low mountain area, adjoins with Shanxi, Henan Province. The river valley is vertical-horizontal within the territory of the county, the middle part presents the basin state, called She County basin. Sub project district lie in edge, basin of She County and basin of Yangyi, height about 500m above sea level on average, the terrain is relatively smooth. The subproject (Guantao Feixiang Linzhang jize quzhou daming qiu county) is located in the south of Hebei, featuring alluvial plain.
3.1.2 Climate
Hebei is located in half a moist semi-arid region, belongs to the continental monsoon type climate in the temperate zone. The total climate characteristic is: It is cold in winter lacking of snow, it is arid and windy in spring, burning hot and rainy in summer, sunny and partly cloudy in autumn, make a clear distinction between the four seasons. Influenced by latitude and topography, the difference of the climate is relatively big, the temperature increases from the Northwest to southeast gradually. The project district lies in the southeast and the east of border of Hebei. average temperature of the whole year is 10-14 in the area, The average sunshine time of the whole year is 2380-2650h. Average wind speed 1-3m/s of the whole year. The average precipitation 546.9mm for many years, among them the southeast is 537mm, the east is 585mm, average annual evaporation capacity is 1368 mm, the average relative humidity is in under 69%. Freeze the depth of soil layer the most largely, the southeast is 0.28m, the east is 0.52m.
3.1.3 Soil
The soil texture of northwestern area is sandsoil, and more loam in middle area, more heavy earth quality soil in the Coastal Regions . The soil of She County is mostly the light earth and hit the loam. Kind mainly has brown soil, lime soil, drenches and dissolves brown soil in the soil. The soil of subproject district(Guantao Feixiang Linzhang jize quzhou daming qiu county) includes 3 types of soil, 5 inferior kinds, 8 pieces of soil belonging to, 43 soil kinds, among them the damp soil accounts for 91.14%. The soil in luannan county and letting countyvarious textures from sand quality to heavy earth, the northwestern part is sand quality and sand area quality, east loam, the southeast black earth, southern Coastal Region serious earth quality soil in being.
16 3.1.4 River system
There is just one river(Zhang river) go throught the project area . The Zhang river lies within the boundaries of She County, its tributary are qingzhang river and zhuoZhang river.
3.1.5 Hodrogeography
In the project district, except that She County groundwater is the karst crevice water, the plain every county is a fluffy rock hole water. Among every project county, shallow layers of water, area of plain, include fresh water, little salt water and salt water. The plain event district is in the all light district of groundwater separately and there are salt water districts.
3.2 Socio-economy
3.2.1 Populations
According to the statistic data in 2006, the conditions of population in the project areas of 10 counties of the hebei province are detailed in table 3.2-1.
table3.2-1 Populations in project areas Agricultural Ratio of Total populations item populations agricultural (ten thousand ) (ten thousand ) populations Number 322.2 322 99.9
3.2.2 National economy
The conditions of national economy in project areas are detailed in table 3-2.
table3.2-2 National economy in project areas Total output value of Agricultural Net revenue per Item agriculture and output value capita industry (108 yuan) (108 yuan) Quantity 174.8836 74.8836 3886
3.2.3 Agricultural production
The whole area of land of the project district is 352.8km2, of which cultivated area is 25943 hm2. The cultivated land per capita is 0.113 hm2. The main cereal crops in the project area is wheat, maize,etc., the industrial crops are mainly cotton, vegetables, peanut and fruit tree. The project district relies mainly on cereal crops while making industrial crops such as the vegetables, peanut, cotton,etc. subsidiary, average multiple crop index .
17 3.3 Generals for the construction of water conservancy works
3.3.1 Generals of constructed water conservancy works
The provinces and municipalities of the project area had invested many manpower and material resources to construct water conservancy works and irrigation and drainage works since 1950’s, these works had played an important role in resisting natural disasters and ensuring the high and stable yield of agriculture.
3.3.3 Problems in agricultural Irrigation
Agriculture depends on irrigation to a great extent in the project area for the uneven distribution of precipitation and it has become the biggest water demander and water consumer. At present, its water consumption makes up approximately 72% of the total amount. The main problems confronted during the development of irrigation are as follows: ·Irrigation water resources are scarce. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, more and more irrigation water has been occupied by industrial and urban use and it’s difficult to reverse the tendency of changing agricultural water resources use to non-agricultural water resources use. ·Water storage and allocation works are inadequate. Most of the water sources for irrigation in the project area are not single one, they are not only surface water, but also groundwater and the surface water include the water in reservoirs, rivers, ponds and the sewage water drained from cities. Because the scarcity of water storage and water distribution works, many separate water sources can’t be utilized. ··The management level is low. They are lack of perfect management system for water resources and irrigation and some relevant policies, laws and regulations are not perfect.
4 Environmental Baseline
4.1 Pollution sources
Even though industrial and domestic pollution sources exist in some counties in view of administrative regions, most of the sub project areas are distributed in the extensive rural areas, the impact of the industrial and domestic pollution on these areas is very low. Moreover, pollution had also been controlled well with the state’s closing down, stopping, transforming and merging the “fifteen small industries”, therefore, there will be no large industrial pollution sources in the project areas, the industrial pollution sources in some project counties can’t produce any impact on the construction of the project area. The main impact on soil and water environment is agricultural pollution sources.
18 4.2 Soil quality
4.2.1 Soil fertility
The conditions of soil fertility is the basis for the improvement of low yield field, it’s an important component during the construction of the project and relates with the application of fertilizer, therefore, we assessed the soil fertility in various districts according to the reference index provided in table 4-1. Table 4-1 Reference index of nutrient content for different soil fertility Level of Organic Full Effective Effective Nitrogen No -N Hydro Nitrogen soil matter Phosphorous Phosphorous Potassium 2 % PPm mmg/100g soil fertility % % PPm PPm First level >2.5 >0.2 >0.25 >50 >250 >20 >20 Second 2.0-2.5 0.1-0.2 0.15-0.25 25-50 150-250 10 15 level Third 1.0-2.0 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.15 5-25 50-150 5 10 level Fourth <1.0 <0.05 <0.05 <5 <50 <3 <5 level The conditions of soil fertility in each project area are provided in table 4.2-2 table4.2-2 Conditions of soil fertility in the project areas Level of item Project area soil Effective Effective Hydro Nitrogen Organic matter Fluorine fertility Phosphorous Potassium Nitrogen Guantao IV 0.06% 6.8mg/kg 79mg/kg 0.92% Feixiang IV 0.08% 8.5mg/kg 95mg/kg 0.95% Linzhang IV 6.8mg/kg 798mg/kg 0.9% 0.06% jize IV 0.4-2mg/kg 5-45mg/kg 60-170mg/kg quzhou III 0.07% 7.3ppm 133.9ppm 1.0239% 51.32ppm daming / 10.5 61.7 She County III 0.069% 128--158 mg/kg 1.2% mg/kg mg/kg qiu county IV The soil fertility is bad, Organic matter content is low, nitrogen phosphorus potassium is imbalance leting III 0.07% 7.3ppm 133.9ppm 1.35 51.32ppm luannan III 0.07% 1.0239%
4.2.2 Soil heavy metal
According to the second general survey result of soil in Hebei, the background value of soil Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb is 0.075, 21.7, 63.90, 62.00, 20.00mg/kg respectively, and the background value of heavy metallic element of brown soil Cd ,Cu, Cr, Hg, As, Zn, Pb is 1.470, 18.4, 43.02, 0.042, 7.61, 82.66, 27.91mg/kg respectively. The measured contents of heavy metals of soil in Guantao county are shown in the following table. The table show it can be seen that the contents of Cr, Hg, As in the soil has not exceeded the soil quality standard type I of the state and they belong to the natural background.
table4.3-3 Content of soil heavy metal in Guantao county Unit mg/kg Sampling Sampling place Pb Cr Hg As depth cm shilidian 20 15 0.5 0.2 5 jiangzhuang 20 14 0.4 0.18 4.9 tatou 20 12 0.5 0.2 5
19 The measured contents of heavy metals of soil in tangsan city are shown in the following table. it can be seen that the contents of Cr, Hg, As in the soil has not exceeded the soil quality standard type I. table4.3-4 Content of soil heavy metal in tangsan city Unit Hg- ng/g other g/g PH Cu Pb Zn Ni Cr Cd As Hg >7.5 22.66 24.11 67.78 26.17 61.82 0.15 7.42 41.98
4.2.3 Soil salinization
The mineralization of groundwater in the range of irrigated area is below 1.0g/L . As the soil in the irrigated area is relatively thin, the groundwater is easy to excreted to the riverbed and low reaches. There is no salinization location in the project area at present.
4.3 Present situation of surface water environment quality
The surface water in the project area is belong to the upper and middle reaches of zhangwei and fuyang river . qingzhang river is the water source for irrigation use in the project area. The monitoring results of surface water quality of the project area shown in table 4.3-1 and table 4.3-2. According to the Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002), the water quality of surface water in project area can not reach the quality standard except those reservoir . Table4.4-1 Present situation of surface water quality in project area BO Water area river PH DO COD NH -N Petroleum phenol Hg Pb mn D 3 class luang 8.3 8.6 3.4 1.3 0.21 0.01 0.001 0.016 0.001 tangsan river dou river 8.0 8.9 5.4 3.3 0.86 0.01 0.001 0.012 0.001 zhang 8.0 9.3 1.9 2.1 0.30 0.03 0.001 0.02 0.003 river Bad wei river 7.8 2.8 14.5 15.6 8.09 0.03 0.007 0.02 0.003 than fuyang Bad Handan 7.8 2.2 10.5 6.8 8.60 0.05 0.002 0.011 0.002 river than Bad wei river 7.9 3.1 13.4 14.9 7.29 0.03 0.005 0.02 0.003 than zhang 8.1 9.0 2.0 1.3 0.01 0.03 0.001 0.02 0.003 river
4.4 Present Situation of Groundwater Quality
The monitoring results of groundwater quality in Weining irrigation area and Qingtongxia irrigation area are shown in Table 4-8. The quality of groundwater quality in Weining irrigation area and Qingtongxia irrigation area can not meet the requirements of Class III of Groundwater Quality Criteria (GB/T14848-93) ..
20 4.5 Present Situation of Groundwater Quality
The project area is in the rural area, there are no enterprises with heavy pollution and intensive residential blocks around the project area, air quality is good.
4.6 Present Situation of sound environment Quality
The project area is in the rural area, there are no enterprises with heavy pollution and intensive residential blocks around the project area, acoustic environment is good.
table 4-8 groundwater quality in project area Unit mg/l daming Guantao jize qiu county Letting county 1 PH 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.3 2 total hardness 858 1330 390.0 155 3 CL 386 893 67.4667 69.9 2- 4 SO4 687 454 256.6 45.85 5 salinity 2140 772.5 0 6 Fluorine 0.76 0.6267 0.18 7 As 0.019 0.0009 0.003 8 Cr