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Historical Heritage Study PATTULLO BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECT EAC APPLICATION Note to the Reader This report was finalized before the Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project was transferred from TransLink (South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority) to the BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MoTI). References to TransLink should be read as MoTI unless referring specifically to TransLink policies or other TransLink-related aspects. Translink Hatfield Consultants Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project Historical Heritage Study April 2018 Submitted by: Denise Cook Design Team: Denise Cook, Denise Cook Design Project contact: Denise Cook, CAHP Principal, Denise Cook Design #1601-1555 Eastern Avenue North Vancouver BC V7N 2X7 Telephone: 604-626-2710 Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1 2.0 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................... 1 3.0 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 3 3.1 General Methodology ....................................................... 3 3.2 Planning and policy context .............................................. 4 4.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT .................................................................... 4 4.1 Brief Historical Context of Bridge and Environs ............... 4 4.2 Early Land Uses ................................................................. 5 4.3 Transportation networks ................................................ 11 4.4 The Pacific Highway ........................................................ 12 4.5 Opening of the Bridge ..................................................... 13 4.6 B.C.’s politics and transportation infrastructure ............ 14 4.7 Engineering and technological feats .............................. 15 4.8 Regional Connections ..................................................... 16 4.9 Opening Day .................................................................... 18 5.0 HERITAGE VALUES + SITE DOCUMENTATION .............................. 29 5.1 Description ...................................................................... 29 5.2 Heritage Values ............................................................... 29 6.0 CHARACTER DEFINING ELEMENTS ............................................... 32 6.1 Site and landscape .......................................................... 32 6.2 Bridge and infrastructure ............................................... 33 6.3 Intangible ........................................................................ 33 6.4 Natural systems and features ......................................... 33 6.5 Circulation ....................................................................... 33 6.6 Land use .......................................................................... 34 6.7 Cultural Traditions .......................................................... 34 6.8 Spatial organization ........................................................ 34 6.9 Topography ..................................................................... 34 6.10 Vegetation and open space ............................................ 34 6.11 Buildings and structures ................................................. 34 6.12 Views ............................................................................... 34 6.13 Pattullo Bridge characteristics ........................................ 37 6.14 Site Integrity .................................................................... 39 7.0 HERITAGE RESOURCES INVESTIGATION ...................................... 40 7.1 Pattullo Bridge ................................................................. 40 7.2 City of New Westminster ................................................ 40 7.3 City of Surrey ................................................................... 50 Historical Heritage Study • Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project i 8.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................. 53 Appendix A: Sources Historical .................................................... 53 Appendix B: Glossary of Heritage Terms ..................................... 60 Appendix C: Additional Site Photographs .................................... 62 Appendix D: Historical Aerial Photographs .................................. 63 Historical Heritage Study • Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION The South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority (TransLink) is proposing to replace the existing 4-lane Pattullo Bridge connecting the cities of Surrey and New Westminster, with a new 4-lane bridge spanning the Fraser River in the same general location (Figure 1 and 2). The existing Pattullo Bridge is 1.22 km long and was opened in 1937. The Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project (Project) will tie into the existing municipal and provincial road networks. Major components of the Project will include infrastructure upgrades, construction of a new bridge and approaches and decommissioning and removal of the existing bridge. This report documents and characterizes heritage values in the project areas. The study was completed to support environmental effects assessment for the Project’s Environmental Certification Application. It is also intended to inform the development of appropriate mitigation and management strategies related to heritage values. 2.0 OBJECTIVES This heritage study aims to describe the locations, characterize, and understand the heritage values associated with the existing Pattullo Bridge and environs. The Project area has been substantially altered by development, but there are recorded heritage sites within and adjacent to the project alignment. In addition to documenting these values, this heritage study provides a historical overview that includes an understanding of context and the assessment and documentation of the documented historical heritage values and resources. Under British Columbia’s Heritage Conservation Act, heritage value means the historical, cultural, aesthetic, scientific or educational worth or usefulness of a site or object. In assessing heritage value, distinction is usually made between heritage values that pre-date the year AD 1846, the year recognized by Canadian courts as the establishment of British sovereignty in B.C. and the heritage values that originate subsequent to that date. This report focuses on post-1846 heritage values. Although this report references pre-1846 history, where contextualization of later heritage values is relevant, pre-1846 history is primarily captured in other studies supporting the Project Environmental Assessment Certificate Application, such as archaeological overview assessments. It is acknowledged that there may be other perspectives on what constitutes heritage value. For example, for Musqueam, “Heritage Resources are the tangible and intangible aspects of Musqueam’s culture passed down from their ancestors and to which there is an onus to protect and maintain for successive generations. Heritage resources include, but are not limited to, transformer sites, sƛel̓ əqəm sites, named sites, “archaeological” sites, spiritual use sites (e.g. bath sites), aspects of the landscape and all associated hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ ən̓q̓əmin̓əm sites, “archaeological resources are central to Musqueam’s continuity and sense of place” (Musqueam 2017a). These perspectives have been considered in the preparation of this report and are further examined in Section 7.1 Archaeological Heritage Resources Assessment and Section 12 Aboriginal Consultation. This report conforms with the BC Heritage Branch HIA guidance with respect to historical heritage studies that are initiated in response to development proposals that could potentially disturb or alter property that may have heritage value, thereby endangering heritage sites. Historical heritage studies are also a means of documenting heritage values and historical understanding through the preparation of a historical context and statement of significance. Historical Heritage Study • Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project 1 Figure 1: Boundaries of the Local and Regional Study Areas Figure 2: The Project Boundary and Location of the Reference Concept Historical Heritage Study • Pattullo Bridge Replacement Project 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 General Methodology The methodology for this project consisted of several steps. A desktop literature review was conducted for related histories and studies about the Pattullo Bridge and the project area, review of plans in the TransLink archive, research sessions at the New Westminster and Surrey Archives and a search of online sources. The field study comprised the documentation of existing historical cultural landscape features including the Pattullo Bridge itself, features in New Westminster and Surrey, and Highway 5, the Pacific Highway, from Kingsway in Vancouver to the Pacific border crossing. Desktop Literature Review A wide range of documentary information was reviewed and evaluated for heritage, industrial heritage, ethnographic and archaeological relevance for the study area, including secondary sources such as written works, reports and studies, current and historical photographs, primary source archival material, newspapers, maps and plans and online sources including relevant heritage inventories and the Canadian Register of Historic Places. A full list of the literature reviewed in support of the heritage study can be found in Appendix A.
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