Second Nature
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Second Nlature ADAPTINGLAS LANDSCAPE FORSUSTAINABLE LIVING Commentary by Paul Hawken Prefaceby Andy Lipkis Edited by Patrick Condon and StacyMoriarty -!){ 0 Trans-AgencyResoitrces for Enairpnntental , and Eco.nom ir S us t ai n)bi I i ty - ature AdaptingLAs Landscape fo'rSustainable Living utitlt Com(nentary by Pau! Haouken Preface tiy Andy Lipkis Edited bv Patrick Condon andSr".y Moriarty with PS ENTERPRISES Design. blt Deborah Daly -:. ------ .PRtNtEl gy r-lll MWn ITTT llll unnopotiTnituuATER DtsTBtcT 0FIIITHEBN cALtFlRNtA v How to'l(eep Up with Oui Progress. The T.R.E.E.S.Project has a web site http://www.treepeopl,e.org/trees that-details every .aspectof the projelt.The site includes a cistern- model, informzrtion on the demonstration site, this'illustrated book, ?nd L self-guided,HomeForester.workshop with tips for applying the Best Managemen_tPractices (BMPs).It als<tincludes away to stay in touch withJreePeople.Ve look forward to hearing fronl you. 'i. Copyright @lgggbyAndylipkis,TreePeople All righF reserved. N9 part of this work may,be reproduted or tmnsmitted in any fofm by anyYn€ans, electronic or mechanical, includirtg photocopying and recordlng, or by any . information storagr or retrieyal sysiep, qgept as m4y be expresqlypermitte dby ttre 1576 Copyright Act or in wdting by Treefeople. Requists'for such permissions should be addressed to: Treeleople , : ' l26fl Mulholland Dr.,Beveily Hi{s, CA 9O2LO ' (818) 7554ffi,FAX (8r8>753-4625 . [email protected] 1- Contents 7 9 11 21 28 29 30 ;40 41 . Designs ',Site . 1: Single-family Homq Site 43 Site 2: Multi-family Housing Site_ 53 Site 3: Public Site l 64 . Site 4: Qornmercial Site 73 '81 _ Site 5: Industrial Site C6ncluiion 90 Glossary 93 a- AppendixA: ,' . Qr gdnizationalProf ile s 98 ' Appendix B: CharfetteParticipants, 99 Appendix C: ' T.R.E.E.S:Resources 107 - eCknowledgmentsl ' 115 A \Vord About Our Sponsors The T.R.E.E.S. Project: is about creating connections-between iamilies, communities;organi,zations, and agencies at bll levels of gov- ernment-so that together we.can create the nurturing and sustain- able lifestyles we require to survive and thrive.' : Before becoming ^paft ofT.R.E.E.S.,mostof the participating gov- ernment agencies worked on their separate part of ih. tor Ang€les infrastructure independent of one another. As i result of theT.RE.E.S. Project, we now have a model that demonstrates the rapid progfess that cah be achieved through a.unified, systcmic approach to meeting - the cpstly, environme;rtal challenges of our city. As you will read in- the Exbcutive Summary, profound levels of implementation of sustainable systems have akeady occurred in the short time since the design chamette-on which this book is based- took place in May of 1997. This would never have been possible with- out the willingness of our sponsors to create new protocols for working together in innovative ways. The first agency to offer its assistance was the U.S. Forest Service . Oncb we received their graht, TrbePeople set abou,t assembling an interagency advisory task force to bring together national, state, and local-agencies that .each play an essential role in dgaling wit$ our urban environment. ' Atl of the triebple involved needed tq be educated and informed about the T.R.E.E.S. concept of integrated ecosystem managdment before they'were ready to look at collaborating with _.other depart- ments, developing a program, and identifing funds and resources. But when the implications and ramifications of such an approach.were fully grasped, cooperation.was forthcoming. 'We \ are deeply grateful to the foilowing organizations who joined with TreePeople to form Transagency Resources for Environmental and Economic Sustainability: - r The U.S. Forest Service/N ational Urban. and Comnunity Forestry Advisory Council (IIUCFAC) This agency served as the lead sponsor and iwarded the cirallenge graintthat enabled us to create the multi-agency T.R.E.E.S. partnership. ' The City of Los Angeles ' . Fnnding was provided by the Stormwater Management Division of the Department of Pirblic Works, and the Department pf Water and . Power. Initial inter-departmental coordination was provided by the Departrirent of Environmental Affairs,. and {eadership wis provided by A WORDABOUT OUR SPONSORS the. Board of Public'Works, Other active agencies include the Bureau of Sanitation, the Street Tree Divisioo and the Recreation and Parks Department. The City Council resolution authorizing city pafticipl- tion was introduced by Couneilmember Ruth Galanter. The City of Santa Monica Funding was provided by the Environmental and Public W'orks Management Department and the Community and Cultural Services Department. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agehcy TR.E.E.S.was'a special projegt of Region 9 and was managed by the Clean'Water Division. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Vorks This department has combined authority for'flood control, water conservation, environmental protection, waste management and othef aspects of County infrastructure. The DPW provided funding for the charrette and this book. Bas,edon the results of the first phase of the T.R.E.E.S.Project, they have now launched a study of sustainable sys- tems to handle flooding problems in the Upper and Lower SunValley Watersheds. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California The M${rD provided assistance in public education programs by preparing printed materials and a video of the charrette and demon- stration sit€ construction process. The also publisheO itris book. The Los Angeles,Urban Resources Partnership This organization provided funding for the public education and signage at the Demonstration Site. The Southern California Association of Govdrnments , Provided large amounts of datz for the Cost-Benefit Analysis. Environment Now Provided the total funding for theT.R.E.E.S.Cost-Benefit Model and is also assisting Nrith the first real-world implementation of T.R.E.E.S. Best Management Practices at the 400 schools in the L.A. Unified School District which are scheduled for re-paving under Proposition BB. A WORDABOUT OUR SPONSORS Preface Los Angeles is a .grcat city in a beautiful environment. But it a'as built with little understand.ingor appreciation for the powei and function of nature and its cycles. Environmental problems,- cornpounded by human behavior, take a h'e4vy.toll on our city's economy and ecosystemand thus on the health and safety of all residents. In natural systems,rainfall is caught by trees or shrubs and released slowly into th'e ground. This cycle produces nutrients, fresh water and clean.air. Even in a semi-arid landscafle like Los Angeles,the ecosystemwas once inbalance , providing eyerythiqg that ngtive,people,plants, ar1d animals needed for a sustainablelife. ''We have interfered with the natural cycles of energy and water by sealing the soil'with thousands of squaie miles of con- . crete and asphalt.In this artificial iystem, rainfall is channeled to our roadways where it picks up oil, asbestos,pesticides, animal , wastes and other pollutants and washes; as a toxic soup, down ,our storm drain system directly out to our beachesand bays. With well oier 6U/o of tfre eity's surface covered,with pave- ment, very little of the"sun's energy is absdrbed by vegetation. Inst<iad,it-heats up the pavement,and thus the air,needlessly over- taxing air conditioners that must struggle againstthis excessheat 'at htige costs-in- terms.of dollars, extra fuel bqrged at power plants;and extra air pollution frory those power plantS. ' Leaves, twigs, branchei and lawri trirnmings, rather than returning to-the soil as mulch, are instead shipped to landfi[s where they constitute 30% of the waste stream.Vastqdantities of l water are imported from distant regions and even other statesto krigate our lawns, while turning these other regions into deserts. Yet the 15 inches of rain that falls on LosAngelesevery yeai,rf cap- tured, could meet more than half of our city's annual,needs. ' Becauseif is hindled as a problem rather than aresource,very lit- , tle of the rainwater that fafls on qur city is available to refresh the soil and replenish our groundwater. We spend hundreds of millions of dollars on massive flood control projects that are, in'part,caused by our wasteful attitude toward the rain. To deal with flood. control, and the other ills of modern urban, life-like closing landfills, air pollution, energy waste and unemployment-we have created massive bureaucra- cies, all working very hard but independent of one.anothef. ' TheT.R.E.E.S.Project was conceiv-edas a meansof overcoming this lack of coordination. It proves thal there arb enormous eco* PREFACE nomic, environmental and sbcial benefltd to be gained throrigh a coop- erative approach to designing our urban landscapes as,functloning mini-watersheds. ' T.R.E.E.S.-Trans-Agency. Resqurces for Environmental and Eco- nomic Sustainability-is creating cross-jurisdictional and cross-discipli- nary connections between those people and institutions respohsible for component parts of the urban ecology, especially in the areas of energy, wate! waste removal, and air quality systems. The T.R.E.E.S. ' Planbook enumgrates and demonstrates the diverse benefits to be , derived from such a unified, cost-effective approach to managing our environmental challenges. The architectural and landscape designs and retrofits described in thiS book could solve our environlnental dilemmas, beautify our city, and fulfill our dream cif sustainabiliqv for Los Angeles in the 21st Cen- tury.We believe that a system-wide retrofit with designs such as these,. if fully implemented over time, would yield benefits to justify'the costs, including: . Reduction of fresh water imports to LosAngeles by 50%; . Dramatic reduction of pollution flowing into Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays; ' . Removal of the-loO-year flood threat on the LosAngeles River; .