External Review Draft | EPA 910-R-12-004C | May 2012
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External Review Draft | EPA 910-R-12-004c | May 2012 An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska Volume 3 – Appendices E-I DRAFT ARCHIVED U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA www.epa.gov/bristolbay External Review Draft – Do Not Cite or Quote DRAFT EPA 910-R-12-004c DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE May 2012 External Review Draft www.epa.gov/bristolbay An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska Volume 3 – AppendicesDRAFT E-I NOTICE THIS DOCUMENT IS AN EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT. It has not been formally released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and should not be construed to represent Agency policy. It is being circulated for comment on its technical accuracy and policy implications. ARCHIVED U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Seattle, WA DISCLAIMER This document is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. DRAFT ARCHIVED CONTENTS VOLUME 1 An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska VOLUME 2 APPENDIX A: Fishery Resources of the Bristol Bay Region APPENDIX B: Characterizations of Selected Non-Salmon Fishes Harvested in the Fresh Waters of Bristol Bay APPENDIX C: Wildlife Resources of the Nushagak and Kvichak River Watersheds APPENDIX D: Ecological Knowledge and Cultures of the Nushagak and Kvichak Watersheds, Alaska VOLUME 3 DRAFT APPENDIX E: Bristol Bay Wild Salmon Ecosystem Baseline Levels of Economic Activity and Values APPENDIX F: Biological Characterization: Bristol Bay Marine Estuarine Processes, Fish, and Marine Mammal Assemblages APPENDIX G: Foreseeable Environmental Impact of Potential Road and Pipeline Development on Water Quality and Freshwater Fishery Resources of Bristol Bay, Alaska APPENDIX H: Geologic and Environmental Characteristics of Porphyry Copper Deposits with Emphasis on Potential Future Development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska APPENDIX I: Conventional Water Quality Mitigation Practices for Mine Design, Construction, Operation, and Closure ARCHIVED Appendix E Bristol Bay Wild Salmon EcosystemDRAFT Baseline Levels of Economic Activity and Values ARCHIVED E-1 Bristol Bay Wild Salmon Ecosystem Baseline Levels of Economic Activity and Values John Duffield Chris Neher David Patterson Bioeconomics, Inc. Missoula, MT Gunnar Knapp Institute of Social and Economic Research—University of Alaska Anchorage Tobias Schwörer Ginny Fay Oliver Scott Goldsmith Institute of Social and Economic Research University of Alaska Anchorage DRAFT April 27, 2012 For: NatureServe Conservation Services Division ARCHIVED Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. 7 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 9 Subsistence and Village Economies ......................................................................................... 11 Commercial Fisheries ............................................................................................................... 14 Recreation ................................................................................................................................. 17 Summary of Economic Significance ........................................................................................ 17 Net Economic Values ............................................................................................................... 22 1.0 Introduction and Setting .......................................................................................................... 28 1.1 Study Objectives and Report Organization ......................................................................... 28 1.2 Definition of Study Area ..................................................................................................... 29 1.3 Focus of Study-Economic Uses .......................................................................................... 32 2.0 Bristol Bay Recreation and Subsistence Economics .............................................................. 35 2.1 Bristol Bay Sportfishing Economics ................................................................................... 35 2.1.1 Bristol Bay Area Trip Characteristics and Angler Attitudes ........................................... 35 2.1.2 Bristol Bay Angler Expenditures ..................................................................................... 38 2.1.3 Aggregate Direct Sport fishing Expenditures in Bristol Bay...........................................DRAFT 40 2.2 Bristol Bay Subsistence Harvest Economics .......................................................................... 42 2.3 Bristol Bay Sport Hunting and Non-consumptive Economics ............................................... 47 2.3.1 Sport Hunting ................................................................................................................... 47 2.3.2 Non-consumptive Wildlife Viewing / Tourism Economics ............................................ 48 3.0 Bristol Bay Commercial Fisheries .......................................................................................... 51 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 51 3.2 Overview of the Bristol Bay Salmon Industry .................................................................... 52 3.3 Bristol Bay Salmon Harvests .............................................................................................. 57 3.4 Bristol Bay Salmon Products and Markets ......................................................................... 71 3.5 Bristol Bay Salmon Prices .................................................................................................. 80 3.6 Bristol Bay Salmon Ex-Vessel and Wholesale Value ........................................................ 92 3.7 Bristol Bay Salmon Fishermen ........................................................................................... 96 3.8 Bristol Bay Salmon Processors ......................................................................................... 105 3.9 Bristol Bay Salmon Industry Employment ....................................................................... 109 3.10 Bristol Bay Salmon Industry Taxes ................................................................................ 117 3.11 Regional Distribution of Bristol Bay Permit Holders, Fishery Earnings, and Processing Employment ............................................................................................................................ 119 3.12 Distribution of Salmon Permits and Earnings within The Bristol Bay Region .............. 129 3.13 Economic Measures of the Bristol Bay Salmon Industry ............................................... 137 3.14 Bristol Bay Commercial Fisheries: Summary ................................................................ 144 3.15ARCHIVED Appendix: Data Sources ................................................................................................ 153 4.0 Economic Significance of Healthy Salmon Ecosystems in the Bristol Bay Region: Summary Findings....................................................................................................................................... 171 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 173 4.2 Methods............................................................................................................................. 174 2 4.3 Regional Economic Overview .......................................................................................... 178 4.4 Commercial Salmon Fisheries .......................................................................................... 182 4.5 Recreation ......................................................................................................................... 184 4.5.1 Non-Consumptive Use ............................................................................................... 187 4.5.2 Sport Fishing .............................................................................................................. 188 4.5.3 Sport Hunting ............................................................................................................. 189 4.6 Subsistence ........................................................................................................................ 190 4.7 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 191 4.8 Key Assumptions and Uncertainties ................................................................................