An Archaeological Evaluation by Trial-Trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ Site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex
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An archaeological evaluation by trial-trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex report prepared by Adam Wightman on behalf of BAQUS Fletcher McNeill Construction Consultancy CAT project ref.: 12/06e Braintree Museum accession code: pending HEM site code: GNSB12 NGR: TL 7400 2176 (c) Colchester Archaeological Trust Roman Circus House, Off Circular Road North, Colchester, Essex CO2 7GZ tel.: 07436273304 email: [email protected] CAT Report 655 July 2012 CAT Report 655: An archaeological evaluation by trial-trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex: July 2012 An archaeological evaluation by trial-trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex This is the summary report on the archaeological evaluation by trial- trenching carried out by the Colchester Archaeological Trust (CAT) on land off of Queenborough Road (Skyline 120 Business Park), Great Notley, Braintree, Essex (NGR TL 7400 2176 (c); Fig 1). The proposed development comprises the erection of a ‘Hungry Horse’ establishment on a 0.6ha plot of land located between the A120 and A131 (Fig 1). The site is located 450m east of a Late Iron Age farmstead that was expanded in the later 1st or early 2nd century AD and continued in use into the 2nd century (CAT Reports 337 & 367) (Fig 2). For more information on the historical background of the area and details of other archaeological work undertaken in the vicinity, see the Essex County Council brief (HEM 2012) and the Written Scheme of Investigation (CAT 2012), which are appended to this report. Five 1.8m wide trial-trenches totalling 140m in length (a 4% sample) were excavated. Trenches 1-4 (T1-T4) were 30m long and Trench 5 (T5) was 20m long (Fig 2). The trenches were excavated under archaeological supervision using a tracked excavator equipped with a toothless ditching bucket. The development site was covered in a grey/brown clayey-silt topsoil (L1) (the depth of the deposits encountered in each trench are recorded in Table 1). L1 overlaid a layer of redeposited topsoil (L4) in T3, T4 and T5 and the remnants of a layer of geotextile material in T1 and T2. It is probable that both of the topsoil layers (L1 and L4) were deposited on the site following, or during, the construction of the new roads which surround the site. In T1 and T2, the redeposited topsoil layer (L4) overlay a layer of coarse yellow sand (L5) (Plates 1 & 2). It is probable, based on the increased depth of the natural clay across the site from west to east, that these modern soil and sand layers were spread over the western half of the plot to make the site level. Beneath the modern layers, a medium brown clayey-silt ploughsoil (L2) directly overlay the orange natural clay (L3) (Plates 3 & 4). L2 was homogeneous and contained relatively few inclusions or finds. Two worked flints were recovered from L2 in T3 (a secondary flake with a retouched notch and a tertiary soft hammer flake) and from L2 in T1 (a thick primary flake and a broken secondary flake). Table 1: average depth of deposits in each of the five trenches. Trench L1 L2 L4 L5 Depth of L3 1 200mm 210mm 100mm 170mm 680mm 2 150mm 250mm 170mm 130mm 700mm 3 130mm 180mm 150mm 460mm 4 120mm 200mm 320mm 5 120mm 180mm 300mm Three features (F1-F3) were identified during the evaluation (Fig 2): a modern service trench or ditch which contained tarmac and geotextile sheeting (F1), a shallow area of disturbance which contained an iron post and a plastic bag (F2), and a shallow linear terminal containing a small fragment of flower pot (F3) (Fig 2). The recovery of worked flints from the ploughsoil suggests some activity in the area during the later prehistoric period. The absence of any Late Iron Age/Roman features or finds indicates minimal activity associated with the farmstead to the south-west. It is possible that this area may have been heathland during this period as has been suggested for adjacent areas (CAT Reports 337 & 433). 1 CAT Report 655: An archaeological evaluation by trial-trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex: July 2012 Plate 1: Trench 1, view south. Plate 2: Trench 2 stratigraphy, view north. Plate 3: Trench 3, view south. Plate 4: Trench 5, view south. 2 CAT Report 655: An archaeological evaluation by trial-trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex: July 2012 References Note: all CAT fieldwork reports are available online in .pdf format at http://cat.essex.ac.uk CAT 2012 Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological trial- trenching on the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex, by A Wightman HEM 2012 Archaeological trial-trenching on the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree by T O’Connor, CAT Report 2005 An archaeological watching brief and evaluation at Great 337 Notley business park, near Braintree, Essex, June- September 2005, unpublished CAT archive report, by K Orr, CAT Report 2006 An archaeological excavation at the ‘Skyline 120’ business 367 park, Great Notley, near Braintree, Essex, January-February 2006, unpublished CAT archive report, by B Holloway CAT Report 2007 An archaeological evaluation at ‘Skyline 120 Area A’ Great 433 Notley business park, near Braintree, Essex, July-August 2007, unpublished CAT archive report, by A Wightman Colchester Archaeological Trust 2012 Distribution list: James O’Keefe, BAQUS Fletcher McNeill Construction Consultancy Teresa O’Connor, ECC HEM team Essex Historic Environment Record Colchester Archaeological Trust Roman Circus House, off Circular Road North Colchester, Essex CO2 7GZ tel.: 07436273304 email: [email protected] checked by: P Crummy date: 06/07/12 3 CAT Report 655: An archaeological evaluation by trial-trenching at the Great Notley ‘Hungry Horse’ site (Skyline 120 Business Park), Queenborough Lane, Braintree, Essex: July 2012 Appendix 1: contents of archive One A4 document wallet containing: 1 Introduction 1.1 Copy of the evaluation brief issued by ECC HEM 1.2 Copy of the WSI produced by CAT 1.3 Copy of the ‘Report on site visit’ 1.4 Risk assessment 1.5 Method Statement 1.6 2 x A3 site plans provided by developer 1.7 2 x A4 site plans provided by developer 2 Site archive 2.1 Site digital photographic record 2.2 Attendance register 2.3 Context sheets (F1-F3, L1-L5, trench sketch sheets 1-5) 2.4 Finds register 2.4 Site photographic record on CD 3 Research archive 3.1 Monitoring (client) report 4 site 2007 evaluation 0 200 m © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100039294. E 574040.28 N 221793.53 F1 E 574038.63 T5 N 221782.98 E 573998.5 N 221776.2 E 574050.78 N 221779.16 T4 F2 E 573994.38 N 221764.12 T3 E 574018.12 E 573956.4 N 221762.28 N 221755.54 T2 E 574010.9 N 221753.76 T1 E 573972.15 N 221744.46 F3 E 573973.24 N 221731.57 0 20 m © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100039294. Essex Historic Environment Record/ Essex Archaeology and History Summary sheet Address: ‘Hungry Horse’ off Queenborough Lane, Great Notley, Braintree, Essex, CM77 7QD Parish: Great Notley District: Braintree NGR: TL 7400 2176 (c) Site codes: CAT project code - 12/06e ECC HEM- GNSB12 Type of work: Site director/group: Evaluation Colchester Archaeological Trust Date of work: Size of area investigated: 3rd July 2012 0.63ha Location of curating museum: Funding source: Braintree Museum Developer accession code pending Further seasons anticipated? Related EHER numbers: No 6501, 6502, 9993, 14171, 19345 Final report: CAT Report 655 Periods represented: modern Summary: An archaeological evaluation was carried out on land off of Queenborough Road ahead of the construction of a ‘Hungry Horse’ establishment. The site (0.63ha) is located 450m east of a farmstead originating in the Late Iron Age that was expanded in the later 1st or early 2nd century AD and continued in use into the 2nd century AD. The site was evaluated by excavating five trial-trenches totalling 140m in length. As a result, three modern features were recorded and four prehistoric worked flints were recovered. The absence of any Late Iron Age/Roman features or finds indicates minimal activity associated with the farmstead to the south-west. It is possible that this area may have been heathland during this period as has been suggested for adjacent areas (CAT Reports 337 & 433). Previous summaries/reports: CAT Reports 337, 367, 433 Keywords: Significance: negative Author of summary: Date of summary: Adam WIghtman July 2012 ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRIAL TRENCHING ON THE GREAT NOTLEY “ HUNGRY HORSE” SITE (SKYLINE 120 BUSINESS PARK) QUEENBOROUGH LANE, BRAINTREE June 2012 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT BRANCH Essex County Council: Historic Environment Management Team (HEM) Site: Skyline 120 Business Park, Queenborough Lane, Great Notley, Braintree Planning app. no.: 07/00437/OUT Agent: c/o Colchester Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Management (HEM) Team Officer : Teresa O’Connor, [email protected], Tel: 01245-437638, Mobile: 07786 125894 Museum: Robert Rose, Museum Collections & Heritage Manager, Braintree District Museum E-mail: [email protected] Tel. (01376) 325266 or (01376) 551414 Ext. 6180 This archaeological brief is only valid for six months. After this period the HEM Team of the Historic Environment Branch of Essex County Council should be contacted to assess whether any changes are required. Any written scheme of investigation resulting from this brief shall only be considered for the same period.