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The Roots and Consequences of Euroskepticism: an Evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship at UWindsor University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Political Science Publications Department of Political Science 4-2012 The roots and consequences of Euroskepticism: an evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party John B. Sutcliffe University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/poliscipub Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Sutcliffe, John B.. (2012). The roots and consequences of Euroskepticism: an evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party. Geopolitics, history and international relations, 4 (1), 107-127. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/poliscipub/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Political Science at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations Volume 4(1), 2012, pp. 107–127, ISSN 1948-9145 THE ROOTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EUROSKEPTICISM: AN EVALUATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM INDEPENDENCE PARTY JOHN B. SUTCLIFFE [email protected] University of Windsor ABSTRACT. This article examines the causes and consequences of Euroskepticism through a study of the United Kingdom Independence Party. Based on an analysis of UKIP’s election campaigns, policies and performance, the article examines the roots of UKIP and its, potential, consequences for the British political system. The article argues that UKIP provides an example of Euroskepticism as the “politics of oppo- sition.” The party remains at the fringes of the political system and its leadership is prepared to use misrepresentation and populist rhetoric in an attempt to secure sup- port. -
European Habitats Forum (EHF) Briefing to the Environment Council on the Biodiversity Communication
European Habitats Forum (EHF) briefing to the Environment Council on the Biodiversity Communication The European Community’s Biodiversity Strategy was adopted in 1998. In 2001, the Heads of State of the EU committed themselves to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010. In 2003, a review of the Strategy was initiated by the European Commission, which ended with the adoption of the Communication “Halting the loss of Biodiversity by 2010 – and beyond” in June 2006. The Communication includes an annexed Action Plan with detailed steps that urgently need to be undertaken to achieve the 2010 target. The European Council and Parliament should now adopt the Communication. The European Habitats Forum (EHF) is a platform of European non- governmental organisations working on the implementation of the EU’s nature Directives. The EHF welcomes this Communication, which is a strong and long-awaited wake-up call to European Institutions, EU Member States, stakeholders and all European citizens. It outlines the seriousness of the decline of species, habitats and ecosystems and stresses the negative implications for nature and people arising from this. It seeks to instead reverse this trend and protect the EU’s natural heritage as the basis of sustainable development, socio-economic activities and high quality of life for EU citizens. The European Habitats Forum invites the Environment Council: • To stress the importance of the EU Birds and Habitats Directives in achieving the 2010 target of halting biodiversity loss and the timetable for their full implementation. The review of the Biodiversity Strategy clearly showed that most of the successes can be directly linked to the Directives, as the only legal tools to directly enforce biodiversity conservation across the EU. -
Draft Agendas for Council Meetings, During the Second Semester of 2021 (The Slovenian Presidency)
Council of the European Union Brussels, 1 July 2021 (OR. en) 10415/21 POLGEN 132 NOTE From: General Secretariat of the Council To: Delegations Subject: Draft agendas for Council meetings, during the second semester of 2021 (the Slovenian Presidency) In accordance with Article 2(7) of the Council's Rules of Procedure, delegations will find attached the indicative agendas1 for Council meetings for the period from 1 July 2021 up to 31 December 2021. These have been drawn up by the Slovenian Presidency and the External Action Service as regards the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC). In accordance with Article 3(6) of the Council's Rules of Procedure, items for which approval by the Council is possible without discussion are entered as "A" items. As a general rule, "A" items do not appear on the attached provisional Council agendas. In accordance with Annex V, para 6 of the Council's Rules of Procedure, no item is placed on the Council agenda simply for presentation by the Commission or by a Council member, except where a debate on new major initiatives is planned. 1 In accordance with the Treaty of Lisbon, on all agendas for the various Council configurations a distinction has to be made between legislative and non-legislative acts, in the case of both "A" items and "B" items. 10415/21 1 GIP EN ANNEX The Slovenian Presidency - 2nd semester 2021 Draft Work Programme for Council meetings Prepared by COREPER (Part 2) COUNCIL DATE July August September October November December GENERAL AFFAIRS 18 (Cohesion) 21 19 14 23 11 (Trade) FOREIGN AFFAIRS 15 12 18 13 16 (Defence) 19 (Development) ECONOMIC AND 13 9 5 7 FINANCIAL AFFAIRS 23 (Budget) 12 (Budget) JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS 7-8 9-10 Prepared by COREPER (Part 1) COUNCIL DATE July August September October November December 6 (Empl & EMPLOYMENT, SOCIAL 15 (Empl. -
The European Union Approach to Disinformation and Misinformation the Case of the 2019 European Parliament Elections
University of Strasbourg European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratisation A.Y. 2018/2019 The European Union approach to disinformation and misinformation The case of the 2019 European Parliament elections Author: Shari Hinds Supervisor: Dr Florence Benoit- Rohmer Abstract In the last years, the phenomenon of so called “fake news” on social media has become more and more discussed, in particular after the 2016 US elections. The thesis examines how the European Union is approaching “fake news” on social media, taking the 2019 European Parliament elections as a case study. This research favours the words “disinformation” and “misinformation”, over “fake news”. It, firstly, explores the different way of spreading disinformation and misinformation and how this can affect our human rights. This thesis will, secondly, focus on the different approaches, remedies and solutions to false information, outlining their limits, in order to recommend to the European Union, the best policies to tackle the phenomenon. The research will, thirdly, focuses on how the European Institutions are currently approaching this issue on social media and the steps that have been taken to protect European citizens from disinformation and misinformation; at this purpose the relevant European policy documents will be analysed. This analysis is necessary to understand the ground of the EU elections. The thesis will conclude with the case study of 2019 European Parliament elections. It will find if there have been cases of disinformation on social media and if the actions taken by the European Union have been enough to protect the second largest elections in the world. Key words: fake news, disinformation, misinformation, co-regulation, Russian disinformation campaigns, European Union, 2019 European Parliament elections. -
European Commissioner Johannes Hahn in Charge Of
P R E S S R E L E A S E 20th April, 2021 European Union EUR 4.75 billion bond issue due 22nd April, 2036 The European Union (“EU”), rated AAA/AAA/Aaa/AA/AAA by DBRS, Fitch, Moody’s, S&P and SCOPE (positive outlook for S&P, stable for the other rating agencies), today issued a EUR 4.75 billion benchmark bond due in April 2036. The proceeds of this funding operation will be used to refinance the EU bond due 4th June 2021, which funded two EFSM loans to Portugal and Ireland. The 15-year benchmark deal was well received in the capital markets, having amassed over EUR 41.5 billion of demand, the largest book size to-date for an EFSM-related transaction executed by the EU. The deal’s success is testament to the wide-spread support from the international investor community for the EU’s mission and funding programme. The 15-year bond was priced at minus 7 basis points versus mid-swaps, which is equivalent to 24.8 basis points over the 0% Bund due May 2036 and 6.6 basis points inside the 1.25% OAT due May 2036. The final new issue premium has been estimated at 2 basis points. The Joint Lead Managers were Crédit Agricole CIB, DekaBank, J.P. Morgan and UniCredit. European Commissioner Johannes Hahn in charge of Budget and Administration said: “The strong demand and good pricing conditions obtained following today’s transaction are yet another confirmation for the strong interest in EU borrowing. This gives us confidence ahead of the forthcoming start of the borrowing to finance the recovery with our NextGenerationEU instrument.” Execution highlights: The EU sent a Request for Proposal (RfP) to banks on 8th April 2021 and informed the market about the RfP. -
European Maritime Affairs & Fisheries
No. 69 December 2015 EUROPEAN MARITIME AFFAIRS & FISHERIES Places – Making a difference: How fisheries contribute to sustainable development around the globe Policy – Careers in the Blue Economy: How to close the skills gap and make the marine and maritime sectors more attractive to young people People – Interview: Jaap Gebraad shares with us the challenges and solutions to closing the gap in Blue Careers Maritime Affairs and Fisheries European Maritime Affairs and Fisheries online magazine ec.europa.eu/dgs/maritimeaffairs_fisheries/magazine/en Connect to our online magazine where you will find more articles updated every month. Use the QR code to subscribe and receive information about the themes highlighted in this issue and previous issues. ONLINE ARTICLES Discarding discards The EU pushing for better ocean governance: much to be done, much to be gained Bluefin tuna fishermen enjoy an important increase in quota Interview with Ian Jenkinson, Director of the School of Engineering, Technology and Maritime Operations at Liverpool John Moores University WEB REFERENCES Website of Karmenu Vella, European Commissioner for Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries https://ec.europa.eu/commission/2014-2019/vella_en Maritime Affairs and Fisheries site ec.europa.eu/dgs/maritimeaffairs_fisheries/index_en.htm European Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is a magazine published by the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the European Commission. It is distributed free on request (see subscription slip below). European Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is published four times a year and is also available online: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/maritimeaffairs_fisheries/magazine Editor: European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Director-General. -
PRESS INDICATIVE CALENDAR of MEETINGS (1 July - 31 December 2021)
PRESS INDICATIVE CALENDAR OF MEETINGS (1 July - 31 December 2021) Brussels, 14 June 2021 COVID-19: This page is constantly updated to reflect the latest changes to the calendar of summits, ministerial meetings and video conferences. The location indicated for each meeting is provisional and subject to change. A final decision on the format (physical or virtual) will be taken individually for each meeting. JULY MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN 1 2 3 4 PSC 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 PSC Coreper I Inf. EPSCO Coreper I (poss.) Coreper II Inf. EPSCO PSC EP Plenary EP Plenary EP Plenary EP Plenary 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 FAC ECOFIN Coreper I PSC Coreper I (poss.) EUROGROUP PSC Coreper II Inf. JHA Inf. JHA Inf. JHA 19 20 21 National holiday BE 22 23 24 25 AGRIFISH ECOFIN (poss.) Inf. COMPET Internal Coreper II ECOFIN Budget Inf. COMPET Research PSC Market - Industry PSC Coreper I Inf. ENVI Inf. ENVI Inf. GAC Inf. GAC Inf. COMPET Internal Market - Industry 26 27 28 29 30 31 PSC Coreper II (poss.) AUGUST MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Assumption 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 PSC SEPTEMBER MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN 1 2 3 4 5 Coreper II Gymnich Coreper I Inf. AGRIFISH Inf. FAC Defence Inf. FAC Defence Gymnich 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Inf. AGRIFISH PSC Coreper I PSC Coreper I (poss.) Inf. -
'Greening' the European Union?
‘Greening’ the European Union? The Europeanization of EU Environment policy1 Introduction In parallel with its development as a deeply integrated economic zone the European Union has evolved as a space where a cumulatively significant pooling of sovereignty around environmental issues has developed apace. From a position in the early days of the European integration process where the environment hardly featured, the EU of 28 member states of today has highly developed policy competences across a range of environmental areas and is a signatory to more than 60 multilateral international environmental agreements (Vogler and Stephan 2007). Since at least the mid-1980s the EU supranational space has contended with and to a significant degree displaced the national level as the preferred locus of activity for its member states on environmental issues. This process of evolution and adaptation has not been a linear one: contestation of and resistance to a muscular EU presence within the environment has been a permanent feature of the politics of the environment in Europe and of inter-institutional relations in Brussels. But the stark reality of climate change in particular has moved the member states toward tacit acceptance of the need for a strong EU environmental acquis as the key mechanism for managing cross-border externalities of different kinds and for maintaining leadership within the international domain. The key turning point in moving Europeans toward enhanced environmental action came in 1986 when the principle of substantive environmental integration was introduced into the treaties by the Single European Act (SEA), which stated that environmental requirements shall be a component of the European Communities other policies (Article 130r(2)). -
Council Guide
COUNCIL GUIDE Internal document I. Presidency Handbook - 1996- General Secretariat DG F - Information policy A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997 ISBN 92-824-1295-4 © ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels • Luxembourg, 1997 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Belgium FOREWORD The complexity of the tasks facing the Council means that Council working methods need to be redefined regularly. In order to facilitate the work of the Presidency and of the delegations, the Council introduced systematic planning of meetings from the end of 1988 and initiated publication by the General Secretariat of a Presidency Vade-mecum. The entry into force of the Treaty on European Union made the organization of proceedings even more complex: consequently, the Council instructed the Secretary-General to draw up a genuine handbook covering all Council activities. This first edition of the new Council Guide presented by the General Secretariat was compiled under its sole responsibility; it has no legal force and is an internal document intended solely as an aid for the Presidency and Member State delegations. The Guide covers the whole range of Council activities. It consists of three sections, each published separately. The first section- the Presidency Handbook- continues the operation begun with the Presidency Vade-mecum and sets out in a practical context the arrangements concerning the preparation and running of a Presidency. -
Chronicle of an Election Foretold: the Longer-Term Trends Leading to the ‘Spitzenkandidaten’ Procedure and the Election of Jean-Claude Juncker As European
LSE ‘Europe in Question’ Discussion Paper Series Chronicle of an Election Foretold: The Longer-Term Trends leading to the ‘Spitzenkandidaten’ procedure and the Election of Jean-Claude Juncker as European Commission President Martin Westlake LEQS Paper No. 102/2016 January 2016 LEQS is generously supported by the LSE Annual Fund Editorial Board Dr Joan Costa-i-Font Dr Vassilis Monastiriotis Dr Jonathan White Dr Katjana Gattermann Dr Sonja Avlijas All views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the editors or the LSE. © Martin Westlake Chronicle of an Election Foretold: The Longer-Term Trends leading to the ‘Spitzenkandidaten’ procedure and the Election of Jean-Claude Juncker as European Commission President Martin Westlake* Abstract By focusing on the near-term campaign in the 2014 European elections analysts have tended to over-look a series of longer-term trends that were jointly and inexorably leading to the Spitzenkandidaten (lead candidate) process and to some at least of the subsequent structural reforms to the Commission. The paper argues that those longer-term trends continue and that the (s)election of Jean-Claude Juncker as President of the European Commission and the structural reforms he subsequently introduced are better understood as steps in ongoing processes rather than fresh departures. Thus, what will happen in 2019 will have been conditioned not only by 2014, but also by previous elections and previous developments, as considered in this paper. Keywords: European Commission Presidency, Jean-Claude Juncker, Spitzenkandidaten, European Parliament, Longer-Term Trends * Visiting Professor, College of Europe, Bruges Senior Visiting Fellow, European Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE Email: [email protected] The Longer-Term Trends leading to the ‘Spitzenkandidaten’ procedure Table of Contents 1. -
Traineeships at the Council of EU ~Domains Explained by Trainees~ Table of Contents What Does a Traineeship Involve?
Council of the European Union - September 2020 Traineeships at the Council of EU ~Domains explained by trainees~ Table of Contents What does a traineeship involve? ........................................................................................................... 3 Contact ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Domain "Agriculture" ............................................................................................................................... 4 Domain "Competition, Industry, Research & Innovation, Space (incl. Company Law)" ....................... 4 Domain "Coordination of Council work and preparation of future presidencies" ................................ 4 Domain "Council Library"......................................................................................................................... 4 Domain "Counter Terrorism" ................................................................................................................... 5 Domain "Data Protection Officer" ........................................................................................................... 5 Domain "Development and ACP; Africa; Asia-Oceania; United Nations" .............................................. 5 Domain "Digital communications: web and social media" .................................................................... 6 Domain "Economic and financial affairs" ............................................................................................... -
General Questions
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ANSWERS TO QUESTIONNAIRE FOR COMMISSIONER ASHTON Part A – General questions I. Personal and professional 1. What aspects of your personal qualifications and professional experience do you feel were of particular relevance with regard to your nomination and your prospective role as Commissioner? I am a committed European with a track record of support for the European Union and a strong belief in the value and necessity of an effective EU. As Leader of the House of Lords, I steered the Lisbon Treaty through that House. I have practical experience of European politics and negotiation at the intergovernmental level, notably through my work as a UK Justice Minister in the Justice and Home Affairs Council. This included chairing that Council during the United Kingdom Presidency in 2005. As UK Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the Department for Constitutional Affairs, I led international negotiations in the area of trade in legal services with India and South Africa. I have strong experience on business and economic issues, having been Director of the UK charity Business in the Community, which works with businesses to encourage them to engage with their communities and develop the potential of the people who work for them. I know from this experience the challenges that European businesses face in balancing the competitiveness demands of the global economy with their obligations to the communities that they are part of. This is particularly true for small and medium sized businesses, which remain the engine of the European economy and which would be a core priority of my work as Trade Commissioner for example, in terms of improving market access for them.