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Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology
Photo: Rijkswaterstaat, NL (https://beeldbank.rws.nl). Zuiderduin 2011. Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology A. P. Oost, C. Winter, P. Vos, F. Bungenstock, R. Schrijvershof, B. Röbke, J. Bartholdy, J. Hofstede, A. Wurpts, A. Wehrmann This report downloaded: 2018-11-23. This report last updated: 2017-12-21. This report should be cited as: Oost A. P., Winter C., Vos P., Bungenstock F., Schrijvershof R., Röbke B., Bartholdy J., Hofstede J., Wurpts A. & Wehrmann A. (2017) Geomorphology. In: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2017. Eds.: Kloepper S. et al., Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Last updated 21.12.2017. Downloaded DD.MM.YYYY. qsr.waddensea-worldheritage.org/reports/geomorphology 1. Introduction The hydro- and morphodynamic processes of the Wadden Sea form the foundation for the ecological, cultural and economic development of the area. Its extraordinary ecosystems, its physical and geographical values and being an outstanding example of representing major stages of the earth’s history are factors why the Wadden Sea received a World Heritage area qualification (UNESCO, 2016). During its existence, the Wadden Sea has been a dynamic tidal system in which the geomorphology of the landscape continuously changed. Driving factors of the morphological changes have been: Holocene sea-level rise, geometry of the Pleistocene surface, development of accommodation space for sedimentation, sediment transport mechanisms (tides and wind) and, the relatively recent, strong human interference in the landscape. In this report new insights into the morphology of the trilateral Wadden Sea gained since the Quality Status Report (QSR) in 2009 (Wiersma et al., 2009) are discussed. After a summary of the Holocene development (sub-section 2.1), the sand-sharing inlet system approach as a building block for understanding the morhodynamic functioning of the system with a special emphasis on the backbarrier (sub-section 2.2) is discussed, followed by other parts of the inlet-system. -
Routes Over De Waddenzee
5a 2020 Routes over de Waddenzee 7 5 6 8 DELFZIJL 4 G RONINGEN 3 LEEUWARDEN WINSCHOTEN 2 DRACHTEN SNEEK A SSEN 1 DEN HELDER E MMEN Inhoud Inleiding 3 Aanvullende informatie 4 5 1 Den Oever – Oudeschild – Den Helder 9 5 2 Kornwerderzand – Harlingen 13 5 3 Harlingen – Noordzee 15 5 4 Vlieland – Terschelling 17 5 5 Ameland 19 5 6 Lauwersoog – Noordzee 21 5 7 Lauwersoog – Schiermonnikoog – Eems 23 5 8 Delfzijl 25 Colofon 26 Het auteursrecht op het materiaal van ‘Varen doe je Samen!’ ligt bij de Convenantpartners die bij dit project betrokken zijn. Overname van illustraties en/of teksten is uitsluitend toegestaan na schriftelijke toestemming van de Stichting Waterrecreatie Nederland, www waterrecreatienederland nl 2 Voorwoord Het bevorderen van de veiligheid voor beroeps- en recreatievaart op dezelfde vaarweg. Dat is kortweg het doel van het project ‘Varen doe je Samen!’. In het kader van dit project zijn ‘knooppunten’ op vaarwegen beschreven. Plaatsen waar beroepsvaart en recreatievaart elkaar ontmoeten en waar een gevaarlijke situatie kan ontstaan. Per regio krijgt u aanbevelingen hoe u deze drukke punten op het vaarwater vlot en veilig kunt passeren. De weergegeven kaarten zijn niet geschikt voor navigatiedoeleinden. Dat klinkt wat tegenstrijdig voor aanbevolen routes, maar hiermee is bedoeld dat de kaarten een aanvulling zijn op de officiële waterkaarten. Gebruik aan boord altijd de meest recente kaarten uit de 1800-serie en de ANWB-Wateralmanak. Neem in dit vaargebied ook de getijtafels en stroomatlassen (HP 33 Waterstanden en stromen) van de Dienst der Hydrografie mee. Op getijdenwater is de meest actuele informatie onmisbaar voor veilige navigatie. -
The Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea
The Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea 1. Overview Name: Wadden Sea Delimitation: Between the Zeegat van Texel (i.e. Marsdiep, 52° 59´N, 4° 44´E) in the west, and Blåvands Huk in the north-east. On its seaward side it is bordered by the West, East and North Frisian Islands, the Danish Islands of Fanø, Rømø and Mandø and the North Sea. Its landward border is formed by embankments along the Dutch provinces of North- Holland, Friesland and Groningen, the German state of Lower Saxony and southern Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Size: Approx. 12,500 square km. Location-map: Borders from west to east the southern mainland-shore of the North Sea in Western Europe. Origin of name: ‘Wad’, ‘watt’ or ‘vad’ meaning a ford or shallow place. This is presumably derives from the fact that it is possible to cross by foot large areas of this sea during the ebb-tides (comparable to Latin vadum, vado, a fordable sea or lake). Relationship/similarities with other cultural entities: Has a direct relationship with the Frisian Islands and the western Danish islands and the coast of the Netherlands, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and south Denmark. Characteristic elements and ensembles: The Wadden Sea is a tidal-flat area and as such the largest of its kind in Europe. A tidal-flat area is a relatively wide area (for the most part separated from the open sea – North Sea ̶ by a chain of barrier- islands, the Frisian Islands) which is for the greater part covered by seawater at high tides but uncovered at low tides. -
1 Morphological Development of the Rif and The
MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIF AND THE ENGELSMANPLAAT, AN INTERTIDAL FLAT COMPLEX IN THE FRISIAN INLET, DUTCH WADDEN SEA Z.B. Wang1 and A.P. Oost2 The Rif and the Engelsmanplaat form together a supra- to intertidal flat-complex at the fringe of the ebb-tidal delta and the back barrier area in the Frisian Inlet, located between the Dutch Wadden Sea Islands Ameland and Schiermonnikoog. The complex divides the Frisian Inlet into the Pinkegat Inlet in the west and the Zoutkamperlaag Inlet in the east. During the last decades the Engelsmanplaat has been suffering from serious erosion. This paper presents a study meant to find the causes for the recent erosion, especially to answer the question if the erosion is related to the human interferences in the area. The study is based on literature survey, data analysis and modelling of hydrodynamic processes. It is concluded that the recent erosion fits into the pseudo-cyclic development of the intertidal flat complex. However, the period of erosion may have been longer than normal and the rate of erosion may have been higher than normal. It is also concluded that such abnormal development is probably effects of the closure of the Lauwerszee in 1969 and not due to land subsidence caused by gas mining. Keywords: Intertidal flats, Wadden Sea, Land subsidence, Closure, Morphology, Long-term development INTRODUCTION The Rif and the Engelsmanplaat form together a supra- to intertidal flat-complex at the fringe of the ebb-tidal delta and the backbarrier area in the Frisian Inlet, located between the Dutch Wadden Sea Islands Ameland and Schiermonnikoog (Figure 1). -
Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 – 2000
Numbers and Trends 1 Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 – 2000 Overview of Numbers and Trends of Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980-2000 Recent Population Dynamics and Habitat Use of Barnacle Geese and Dark-Bellied Brent Geese in the Wadden Sea Curlews in the Wadden Sea - Effects of Shooting Protection in Denmark Shellfi sh-Eating Birds in the Wadden Sea - What can We Learn from Current Monitoring Programs? Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 20 - 2005 2 Numbers and Trends Colophon Publisher Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group (TMAG); Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in the Wadden Sea (JMMB). Editors Jan Blew, Theenrade 2, D - 24326 Dersau; Peter Südbeck, Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz (NLWKN), Direktion Naturschutz, Göttingerstr. 76, D - 30453 Hannover Language Support Ivan Hill Cover photos Martin Stock, Lieuwe Dijksen Drawings Niels Knudsen Lay-out Common Wadden Sea Secreatariat Print Druckerei Plakativ, Kirchhatten, +49(0)4482-97440 Paper Cyclus – 100% Recycling Paper Number of copies 1800 Published 2005 ISSN 0946-896X This publication should be cited as: Blew, J. and Südbeck, P. (Eds.) 2005. Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 – 2000. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 20. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 20 - 2005 Numbers and Trends 3 Editorial Foreword We are very pleased to present the results of The present report entails four contributions. the twenty-year period 1980 - 2000 of the Joint In the fi rst and main one, the JMMB gives an Monitoring on Migratory Birds in the Wadden Sea overview of numbers and trends 1980 - 2000 for (JMMB), which is carried out in the framework of all 34 species of the JMMB-program. -
Geology of the Dutch Coast
Geology of the Dutch coast The effect of lithological variation on coastal morphodynamics Deltores Title Geology of the Dutch coast Client Project Reference Pages Rijkswaterstaat Water, 1220040-007 1220040-007-ZKS-0003 43 Verkeer en Leefomgeving Keywords Geology, erodibility, long-term evolution, coastal zone Abstract This report provides an overview of the build-up of the subsurface along the Dutch shorelines. The overview can be used to identify areas where the morphological evolution is partly controlled by the presence of erosion-resistant deposits. The report shows that the build-up is heterogeneous and contains several erosion-resistant deposits that could influence both the short- and long-term evolution of these coastal zones and especially tidal channels. The nature of these resistant deposits is very variable, reflecting the diverse geological development of The Netherlands over the last 65 million years. In the southwestern part of The Netherlands they are mostly Tertiary deposits and Holocene peat-clay sequences that are relatively resistant to erosion. Also in South- and North-Holland Holocene peat-clay sequences have been preserved, but in the Rhine-Meuse river-mouth area Late Pleistocene• early Holocene floodplain deposits form additional resistant layers. In northern North-Holland shallow occurrences of clayey Eemian-Weichselian deposits influence coastal evolution. In the northern part of The Netherlands it are mostly Holocene peat-clay sequences, glacial till and over consolidated sand and clay layers that form the resistant deposits. The areas with resistant deposits at relevant depths and position have been outlined in a map. The report also zooms in on a few tidal inlets to quick scan the potential role of the subsurface in their evolution. -
Important Bird Areas and Potential Ramsar Sites in Europe
cover def. 25-09-2001 14:23 Pagina 1 BirdLife in Europe In Europe, the BirdLife International Partnership works in more than 40 countries. Important Bird Areas ALBANIA and potential Ramsar Sites ANDORRA AUSTRIA BELARUS in Europe BELGIUM BULGARIA CROATIA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK ESTONIA FAROE ISLANDS FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GIBRALTAR GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY LATVIA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACEDONIA MALTA NETHERLANDS NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA RUSSIA SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TURKEY UKRAINE UK The European IBA Programme is coordinated by the European Division of BirdLife International. For further information please contact: BirdLife International, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, PO Box 127, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands Telephone: +31 317 47 88 31, Fax: +31 317 47 88 44, Email: [email protected], Internet: www.birdlife.org.uk This report has been produced with the support of: Printed on environmentally friendly paper What is BirdLife International? BirdLife International is a Partnership of non-governmental conservation organisations with a special focus on birds. The BirdLife Partnership works together on shared priorities, policies and programmes of conservation action, exchanging skills, achievements and information, and so growing in ability, authority and influence. Each Partner represents a unique geographic area or territory (most often a country). In addition to Partners, BirdLife has Representatives and a flexible system of Working Groups (including some bird Specialist Groups shared with Wetlands International and/or the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN)), each with specific roles and responsibilities. I What is the purpose of BirdLife International? – Mission Statement The BirdLife International Partnership strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources. -
Op Een Onbewoond Eiland in De Waddenzee De Wadden
op een onbewoond eiland in de Waddenzee De Wadden De Wadden Deze brochure geeft een uniek overzicht van alle onbewoonde eilanden en zandplaten in het natuurlijke Werelderfgoed Waddenzee. Er zijn een tiental plekjes in het Mooiste natuurgebied van Nederland (publieksverkiezing oktober 2016) waar geen mensen wonen en soms ook niet mogen komen. Hier heeft de natuur het rijk alleen. De beheerders zijn trots je deze parels te mogen presenteren. In deze brochure kom je meer te weten over de natuur, locatie en toegankelijkheid van elk onbewoond plekje. Daarnaast biedt de brochure extra informatie over één bijzonder aspect van zo’n zandplaat of eiland. De volgende eilanden en zandplaten komen aan bod: • Razende Bol • Engelsmanplaat • Richel • Simonszand • Griend • Rottumerplaat • Robbenbank • Rottumeroog • Rif • Zuiderduin Wil je na het lezen van deze brochure meer informatie over deze onbewoonde plekjes? Kijk dan op: www.waddenzee.nl/beheren/onbewoonde-eilanden De Waddenzee is een uniek en dynamisch natuurgebied met een rijke biodiversiteit. Het is het leefgebied voor meer dan 10.000 soorten planten en dieren. Sinds 2009 behoort de Nederlandse Waddenzee, samen met het Duitse en Deense deel, tot het UNESCO Werelderfgoed. De Waddenzee is waardevol, bijzonder en onvervangbaar. Het is daarom erg belangrijk dat we dit gebied voor de toekomst beschermen en behouden. Een overzicht van de Waddenzee in Nederland. In de kaart zijn onder andere de waterstromingen aangegeven (donkerblauw), de droogvallende delen van het gebied (lichtbruin) en de kwelders (groen). Bron: www.waddensleutels.nl. Over deze brochure Deze brochure is een gezamenlijke uitgave van Staatsbosbeheer, Natuurmonumenten, Landschap Noord-Holland, Rijkswaterstaat en de Waddenunit (Ministerie van Economische Zaken). -
De Wadden Als Natura2000gebied
De Wadden als natura2000gebied Dit is de enigszins aangepaste pdfversie van de lezing die ik 18 april 2014 bij de Groninger Kano Vereniging (GKV) in Groningen heb gehouden voor kanoërs en andere vaarrecreanten op de Waddenzee. De teksten bij de afbeeldingen komen min of meer overeen met de uitgesproken tekst. De lezing is samengesteld als persoonlijke bijdrage aan de uitvoering van het Actieplan Vaarrecreatie Waddenzee 2014-2018 (AVW, zie http://www.wadkanovaren.nl/AVW.pdf) In het AVW wordt vastgesteld dat een goede communicatie en voorlichting een voorwaarde is voor het gewenste gedrag van iedereen die zich op het Wad begeeft. Als men niet weet wat er wel en niet mag, kun je niet verlangen dat men zich aan de afgesproken regels houdt. En als men begrijpt waarom je verschillende gebieden op de Waddenzee en de Waddeneilanden niet mag betreden, is men ook eerder bereid zich op het Wad te gedragen zoals van een ieder verwacht mag worden. In deze lezing wordt uitgelegd waarom de natuur van de Waddenzee en de Waddeneilanden beschermd moet worden en geeft een overzicht van de gebieden waarvoor speciale regels gelden. Wie de lezing graag in zijn eigen omgeving wil horen, kan met mij contact opnemen. Robbert van der Eijk [email protected] 06-5131 0987 1. De Wadden als natura2000gebied Het Waddengebied is voor veel vogelsoorten en voor zeehonden De Wadden als een belangrijk en soms essentieel leefgebied. Sinds 2007 is het Waddengebied natura2000gebied een natura2000gebied en zijn een 30tal gebieden verdeeld over het Wad meer of minder verboden gebied geworden ter bescherming Art20 gebieden, voor wie, van in geval van de Wadden vooral vogels en zeehonden. -
Recreatievaart En Natuur in De Waddenzee– Seizoen 2018
Recreatievaart en natuur in de Waddenzee– seizoen 2018 1 Recreatievaart en natuur in de Waddenzee– seizoen 2018 Datum: juli 2019 Auteurs: Erik Meijles1 Eelke van der Veen1 Frans Sijtsma1 Bruno J. Ens2 Els van der Zee3 Marjan Vroom4 Bertus van der Tuuk5 1Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen 2Sovon Vogelonderzoek Nederland 3Altenburg & Wymenga 4De Karekiet 5Stenden / ETFI 2 Inhoudsopgave 1. Inleiding en doelstelling .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Doelstelling ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Groeimodel ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Geen dosis-effect onderzoek ................................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Het begrip ´verstoring´ ........................................................................................................................... 7 2. Onderzoeksmethode en beschikbare data ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Beschikbare gegevens .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Beleving van de vaarrecreant: Greenmapper belevingsonderzoek -
Monitoringsplan 2006-2020A5 EN
To be found on www.waddenzee.nl 2000 Monitoring Report 2005 Monitoring Report 2000 and 2005 Summary 2000-2010 Monitoring Plan 2000 Audit Video of public presentation of the report 2006-2020 Monitoring Plan 2005 Audit Video and photos Management field visits Aerial and other photographic material Other relevant documents WL Report regarding model calculations for subsidence on Ameland and new fields Environmental Impact Assessment of gas extraction in new fields reports and background material 2006-2020 Monitoring Plan for land 1.2. Why is another new program needed? subsidence on Ameland Looking back over the 18-year history of the monitoring, it is clear that it is extremely difficult to predict the future in detail 1.1. Introduction and accurately. Forecasted adverse effects did not take Subsidence is occurring on Ameland as a result of gas place, extreme weather conditions caused the unexpected, extraction. According to the most recent calculations and more gradual changes came to light and new measurement insight gained from the fields that have already been drilled, technologies were developed and applied. Monitoring was this will amount to approximately 37 cm at the deepest shown to be a matter of growing insight and flexible point. The subsidence and possible effects have been consultation. The programme and structure of the monitored since gas extraction commenced in 1986. consultation therefore is by nature aimed at a pragmatic, adaptive approach. The monitoring was developed and is carried out by the Ameland Subsidence Monitoring Supervisory Committee. Around 1995, a study was commenced into the die-off of The original programme started in 1987. -
S the NETHERLANDS
Important Bird Areas in Europe – The Netherlands ■ THE NETHERLANDS EDUARD OSIECK Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, a key species at coastal IBAs in the Netherlands. (PHOTO: RSPB) GENERAL INTRODUCTION situated below sea-level, which are drained by a dense network of ditches, canals, reservoirs and pumping engines. Coastal defence The Netherlands are situated at the delta of the rivers Rhine (Rijn), consists of coastal dunes, sea walls (dykes) and barrages. The Maas and Schelde, forming much of the North Sea coast of Netherlands has 106 Important Bird Areas (IBAs), covering continental Europe. The country covers 49,443 km² of which 15% 11,600 km² and equalling 24% of the country’s total area although comprises open water (inshore waters, lakes and rivers). The area only 8% of the total land surface is covered by IBAs (Table 1, Map 1). excluding territoral sea (i.e. sea within 12 nautical miles) is The ‘original’ pan-European IBA inventory (Grimmett and 40,588 km². About half of the country consists of embanked polders Jones 1989) identified 70 IBAs in the Netherlands, of which six Table 1. Summary of Important Bird Areas in the Netherlands. 106 IBAs covering 11,600 km2 IBA National 1989 code code1 code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11) 001 NL0010 NL001 Wadden Sea Waddenzee Groningen, Friesland, 233,855 A4i, A4iii, B1i, C2, C3, C4 Noord-Holland 002 NL0021 NL002 Texel: Schorren and Zeeburg Texel: De Schorren en Zeeburg Noord-Holland 1,600 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 003 NL0022