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Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information KINGSHIP AND POLITICS IN THE REIGN OF EDWARD VI This book offers a reappraisal of the kingship and politics of the reign of Edward VI, the third Tudor king of England who reigned from the age of nine in until his death in . The reign has often been interpreted as a period of political instability, mainly because of Edward’s age, but this account challenges the view that the king’s minority was a time of unstable political faction. It shows how Edward was shaped and educated from the start for adult kingship, and how Edwardian politics evolved to accommodate a maturing and able young king. The book also explores the political values of the menaroundthe king, and tries to reconstruct the relationships of family and associ- ation that bound together the governing elite in the king’s Council, his court, and in the universities. It also, importantly, assesses the impact of Edward’s reignonElizabethanpolitics, both concep- tually (the notion of what it was to be a monarch) and practically (the importance in Elizabeth’s reignof menwho had already shaped Edwardianpolitics). STEPHEN ALFORD is Assistant Lecturer in History, University of Cambridge, and Fellow of King’s College. His previous publications include The Early Elizabethan Polity: William Cecil and the British Succession Crisis, – (Cambridge, ). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information KINGSHIP AND POLITICS IN THE REIGN OF EDWARD VI STEPHEN ALFORD © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CBRU,UK West th Street, New York, NY -,USA WilliamstownRoad, Port Melbourne, VIC , Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on , Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town , South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C StephenAlford This book is incopyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermissionof Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Baskerville Monotype /. pt. System LATEX ε [TB] A catalogue record for this bookis available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Alford, Stephen, – Kingship and politics in the reign of Edward VI / Stephen Alford. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN . Edward VI, King of England, –. Great Britain– Politics and government – –. Monarchy – Great Britain – History – th century. Great Britain– History – Edward VI, –. Great Britain – Kings and rulers – Biography. I. Title. DA .A .–dc ISBN hardback © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information In memory of my grandparents, Phoebe and Harry Corbett © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information Contents List of illustrations page ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations and conventions xiii Introduction Constructing the reign of Edward VI King and kingship The dynamics of power – Reforming the kingdom Anevolvingpolity – Beyond : the Edwardianlegacy Bibliography Index vii © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information Wo be unto thee (O thou realm and land) whose king is but a child, and whose princes are early at their banquets. But well is thee (O thou realm and land) whose king is come of noblesse, and whose princes eat in due season, for strength and not for lust. Ecclesiastes :–. viii © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information Illustrations The frontispiece to Thomas Cranmer’s Catechism (), from Cambridge University Library, shelf-mark Young . Reproduced by permissionof the Syndicsof Cambridge University Library. page The title-page of An Homelye to be read in the tyme of pestylence, and a moste presente remedye for thesame () by JohnHooper, from Durham University Library, shelf-mark EWBO. BH. Reproduced by permissionof Durham University Library. The families of Seymour, Stanhope, and Page. The contents page of the first editionof A tragoedie or Dialoge of the unjuste usurped primacie of the Bishop of Rome (), from Cambridge University Library, shelf-mark F... Reproduced by permissionof the Syndicsof Cambridge University Library. The representation of the imperial arms in A Copye of a Letter contayning certayne newes, and the Articles or requestes of the Devonshyre & Cornyshe rebelles (), from Corpus Christi College, Oxford, shelf-mark ..(). Reproduced by permission of the President and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. JohnDay’s andWilliam Seres’ imperial colophonof , from Cambridge University Library, shelf-mark Sel... Reproduced by permissionof the Syndicsof Cambridge University Library. The families of Cecil, Cheke, and Cooke. The families of Herbert, Parr, Talbot, and Throckmorton. The families of Denny, Gates, Mildmay, and Walsingham. ix © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information x List of illustrations Richard Grafton’s idealized representation of Edward taking counsel, on the title-page of The union of the two noble and illustre famelies of Lancastre & Yorke (), from King’s College, Cambridge, shelf-mark A... Reproduced by permission of the Provost and Scholars of King’s College, Cambridge. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information Acknowledgements Research canbe a solitary affair – but it rarely is, andI am deeply grateful to friends and colleagues who have supported and encouraged me in piecing together and writing Kingship and politics. JohnGuy has responded so patiently to energetic bursts of correspondence. He read a complete draft of the book at the busiest time of the academic year, and his comments, criticisms, and corrections were invaluable. John Cramsie, my trusty counsellor and great friend, lived with the curse of the unan- nounced e-mail attachment at a time when he had far more important things to do than to read drafts of chapters that barely made sense to their author. Tom Freeman is as encyclopaedic as he is generous, and I owe to him my account of the subtle but important changes in John Foxe’s presentation of John Dudley between and ,andmuch more besides. Lisa Richardsonvery kindlyallowed me to appropriate her fascinating exploration of the relationship between John Hayward’s The Life, and Raigne of King Edward the Sixt and Richard Grenewey’s The annales of Cornelius Tacitus. Elizabeth Evenden, whose work on the printer John Day is of critical significance to any historian working on the politics of the reigns of Edward and Elizabeth, helped me to pin down the rela- tionship between Day and Richard Grafton. Natalie Mears pointed me inthe directionof The copie of a pistel or letter sent to Gilbard Potter, and Alan Bryson, the author of an extremely important thesis on ‘“The speciall meninevery shere”: the Edwardianregime, –’ (University of St Andrews, ), kindly sent me references to, and transcripts of, some documents that informed his own research. I suspect that Dale Hoak may disagree with some of the claims of Kingship and politics,but from the (as yet) unpublished papers he kindly sent me I am fairly certain that we are intrigued by many of the same features of Edwardian and Elizabethanpolitical history. I am extremely grateful to William Davies of Cambridge University Press for his patience and encouragement in gently steering me in the direction of completion. Max has tolerated my xi © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521660556 - Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI Stephen Alford Frontmatter More information xii Acknowledgements historical ramblings with patience and humour, listened without choice to strange thoughts on the reign of Edward, and allowed a cast of histor- ical characters to invade our marriage (Stephen Gardiner was her least favourite). Albert, Flash, and Zorro naturally did what cats do best: they tried to convince me of the folly of taking life so seriously and encouraged me to find more productive and exciting uses for piles of paper. They nearly succeeded. This book beganlife as a Postdoctoral Fellowship project fundedby the British Academy, hosted by the Cambridge Faculty of History, and com- plemented by a research fellowship at Fitzwilliam College. I am deeply grateful to the Academy, to its Assistant Secretary Ken
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