<<

Survey of registered

professionals 2019

Main Report

February 2018

Thornhill Brigg Mill, Thornhill Beck Lane, Brighouse, West Yorkshire, HD6 4AH Enventure Research T: 01484 404797 W: www.enventure.co.uk

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Report prepared by:

Andrew Cameron [email protected]

Report reviewed by:

Matt Thurman [email protected]

Katie Osborne [email protected]

Enventure Research

Head Office: Thornhill Brigg Mill, Thornhill Beck Lane, Brighouse, West Yorkshire HD6 4AH T: 01484 404797

London Office:

Smithfield Business Centre, 5 St John's Lane, London, EC1M 4BH T: 0207 549 1616

W: www.enventure.co.uk E: [email protected]

Reg no: 4693096 VAT no: 816927894

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Contents

Executive summary ...... 7 Introduction ...... 7 Methodology summary ...... 7 Response rate ...... 7 Summary of key findings ...... 7 How to read the report ...... 11 1. About the research ...... 13 1.1 Background ...... 13 1.2 Research aims and objectives ...... 13 1.3 GPhC register profile ...... 13 1.4 Methodology and survey design ...... 16 1.5 Response rates ...... 17 1.6 Weighted respondent profile ...... 18 2. Registration with the GPhC ...... 20 2.1 Year of registration ...... 20 2.2 Route to register with the GPhC ...... 22 3. Working status ...... 26 3.1 Working in pharmacy in last 12 months ...... 26 3.2 Settings worked in last 12 months ...... 29 3.3 Current working status...... 40 3.4 Caring responsibilities ...... 45 3.5 Work-life balance ...... 50 4. Current pharmacy related jobs ...... 55 4.1 Number of jobs held ...... 56 4.2 Job titles in main job ...... 61 4.3 Location of main job ...... 68 4.4 Settings worked in main job ...... 72 4.5 Working in multiple settings in main job ...... 88 4.6 Hours worked per week in main job ...... 90 4.7 Employment status in main job ...... 95 4.8 Patient facing in main job ...... 99 4.9 Responsibilities in main job ...... 103 4.10 Satisfaction in main job ...... 116 4.11 Second pharmacy job ...... 124

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

4.12 Third pharmacy job ...... 132 4.13 Hours per week across all pharmacy jobs ...... 133 4.14 Settings across all pharmacy jobs ...... 137 5. Non-pharmacy related jobs ...... 139 5.1 Working in a non-pharmacy role ...... 139 5.2 Pharmacy and non-pharmacy work ...... 141 6. Community pharmacy ...... 143 6.1 Job title in main job ...... 144 6.2 Settings in community pharmacy in main job ...... 144 6.3 Employment status in main job ...... 145 6.4 Full-time or part-time in main job ...... 146 6.5 Patient facing in main job ...... 147 6.6 Responsibilities in main job ...... 148 6.7 Satisfaction in main job ...... 149 7. Secondary care pharmacy ...... 151 7.1 Job title in main job ...... 152 7.2 Settings in secondary care pharmacy in main job ...... 152 7.3 Employment status in main job ...... 152 7.4 Full-time or part-time in main job ...... 152 7.5 Patient facing in main job ...... 153 7.6 Responsibilities in main job ...... 154 7.7 Satisfaction in main job ...... 156 8. pharmacy ...... 158 8.1 Job title in main job ...... 158 8.2 Settings in primary care pharmacy in main job ...... 159 8.3 Employment status in main job ...... 160 8.4 Full-time or part-time in main job ...... 160 8.5 Patient facing role in main job ...... 161 8.6 Responsibilities in main job ...... 162 8.7 Satisfaction in main job ...... 164 9. Locum pharmacists ...... 166 9.1 Profile ...... 166 9.2 Jobs ...... 168 9.3 Work settings in locum jobs ...... 169 9.4 Responsibilities in locum job ...... 170 9.5 Hours worked in main job ...... 171

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

9.6 Patient facing in main job ...... 171 9.7 Satisfaction in main job ...... 172 10. Cross-sector working ...... 174 10.1 Portfolio working in main, second and third jobs ...... 175 10.2 Settings worked in portfolio jobs ...... 176 10.3 Employment status in portfolio jobs ...... 178 10.4 Hours worked in portfolio jobs ...... 179 10.5 Patient facing in portfolio main jobs ...... 180 10.6 Job satisfaction in portfolio main jobs ...... 180 10.7 Cross-sector working across pharmacy jobs ...... 181 11. Prescribers ...... 183 11.1 Prescribing annotation ...... 184 11.2 Profile ...... 185 11.3 Intentions to gain prescribing qualifications ...... 186 11.4 Prescribing since annotation ...... 187 11.5 Prescribing in last 12 months ...... 190 11.6 Areas of specialism for prescribing training and qualification ...... 193 11.7 Changing scope of practice ...... 194 11.8 Prescribing settings ...... 194 11.9 Areas prescribed ...... 201 11.10 Time spent prescribing and number of patients seen ...... 203 12. Additional qualifications and registrations ...... 205 12.1 Additional qualifications ...... 205 12.2 Intentions to take additional qualifications in next three years...... 210 12.3 Registrations with other healthcare regulators ...... 212 13. Future plans ...... 216 13.1 Future plans for registration ...... 216 13.2 Future practice in pharmacy ...... 221 13.3 Reasons for not continuing to practice ...... 225 13.4 Changes in pharmacy work ...... 227 14. Workforce movement ...... 232 14.1 Place of qualification ...... 232 14.2 Place of training ...... 234 14.3 Place of qualification to place of pre-registration training ...... 235 14.4 Place of training to place of work ...... 237 14.5 Living and working in different places ...... 243

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

15. Equality and diversity information ...... 250 15.1 Sex and age ...... 250 15.2 Disability ...... 250 15.3 Religion ...... 251 15.4 Race/ethnicity ...... 251 15.5 Gender identity ...... 252 15.6 Sexual orientation ...... 252 15.7 Maternity, paternity, adoption and shared parental leave ...... 253 16. Location summaries ...... 254 16.1 (including London) ...... 254 16.2 ...... 256 16.3 ...... 258 16.4 London only...... 260 17. Glossary ...... 263 18. Acknowledgments ...... 266 19. List of figures ...... 267

Appendix A – ‘Other’ specify coded responses Appendix B – Questionnaire

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Executive summary

Introduction This report contains the findings from the research into the roles and responsibilities of registered pharmacy professionals, conducted by Enventure Research on behalf of the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). Specifically, the research aimed to gain valuable insights into the pharmacy professions (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) to improve the GPhC’s understanding of pharmacy professionals’ work, training, job satisfaction, professional practice and future plans. A similar survey was undertaken in 2013.

Methodology summary The survey involved a census of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians registered with the GPhC. The questionnaire was based on the 2013 questionnaire, which had been updated to reflect current pharmacy practice by the GPhC. Enventure Research reviewed the updated questionnaire, conducted the pilot and provided advice on the design of new questions. The survey was undertaken using an online data collection methodology. An initial invitation email was sent to every GPhC registrant, followed by four reminders for those that had not responded to the survey. An open access online survey was also available for registrants to complete if they did not respond to the mailings. This survey was promoted using the GPhC website and social media accounts, media articles, newsletters and using stakeholder networks across England, Scotland and Wales. Fieldwork started on 11 June and finished on 22 July 2019. More information about the methodology can be found in section 1.4 of the report.

Response rate In total, 79,770 GPhC registrants were eligible to take part in the survey. Between 11 June and 22 July 2019, 18,394 registrants completed the survey, an overall response rate of 23.1%. The response rate varied by registrant type. Amongst pharmacists the response rate was 22.0% (12,368 responses), whilst this was slightly higher for pharmacy technicians at 25.6% (6,026 responses). The achieved response rate amongst pharmacist prescribers was 26.9% (2,260 responses). The returned sample size is sufficient for robust and confident data analysis.

More information about response rates for different groups of registrants can be found in section 1.5 of the report.

Summary of key findings Registration with the GPhC • Two-thirds of pharmacists had registered with the GPhC since 2000 (68%). • Eight in ten pharmacy technicians registered with the GPhC between 2010 and 2015 (79%) and 21% had registered since 2016. • The majority of pharmacists qualified in the UK (89%). • Six in ten pharmacy technicians had grandparented to the register via the UK (59%) and 38% had qualified in the UK.

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Working status • The majority of pharmacists (96%) and pharmacy technicians (98%) had worked in a pharmacy related job in the last 12 months. • The majority of pharmacists (88%) and pharmacy technicians (94%) currently worked in a pharmacy related job. • Three per cent of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were temporarily away from work and 3% of pharmacists said they were working outside of . • Around half of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians said they had caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals (both 49%). • Of those who had caring responsibilities, 56% of pharmacists and 52% of pharmacy technicians were working full-time with caring responsibilities. Just over a third of pharmacists were working part-time with responsibilities (35%) and 42% of pharmacy technicians were. • Three in ten pharmacists were not satisfied with their work-life balance (31%). This was a larger proportion than pharmacy technicians (18%). Half (50%) of pharmacists were satisfied with their work-life balance and 64% of pharmacy technicians were.

Current pharmacy related jobs • More than three quarters of pharmacists had one pharmacy related job (77%), 11% had two and 2% had three. By contrast, 93% of pharmacy technicians had one pharmacy related job and 4% had two. • ‘Pharmacist’ (35%), followed by ‘Pharmacist Manager’ (22%) and ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’ (18%) were the most common job titles amongst pharmacists in their main jobs. • ‘’ (44%), followed by ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (38%) were the most common job titles for pharmacy technicians in their main jobs. • Six in ten pharmacists (61%) and 44% of pharmacy technicians worked in a community setting in their main job. Just over a fifth (22%) of pharmacists and 41% of pharmacy technicians worked in a secondary care setting in their main job. • Four per cent of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians worked in two in their main job. A further 1% of pharmacists worked in three or more. • On average, pharmacists worked around 36 hours in a typical week in their main job, more than pharmacy technicians (around 33 hours on average). • On average, pharmacists worked around 38 hours across all pharmacy related jobs in a typical week, whilst pharmacy technicians worked around 34 hours on average. • Just under a quarter (23%) of pharmacists and 25% of pharmacy technicians worked part-time in their main job. • Three quarters of pharmacists said they were employees in their main job (76%), 6% were business owners and 14% were locums. By contrast, 97% of pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job and 2% were locums. • Seven in ten pharmacists were patient facing in their main role all or most of the time (70%). By contrast, just over half of pharmacy technicians were patient facing all or most of the time (53%). • ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the most common main responsibility amongst pharmacists in their main job (61%). The second most common was ‘supplying and medical devices’ (51%). • Pharmacy technicians’ most common main responsibility was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (61%), followed by ‘providing advice and information to patients’ (44%).

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• Just over a fifth of pharmacists were dissatisfied in their main job (22%). By comparison, 11% of pharmacy technicians were. Six in ten pharmacists (60%) and 74% of pharmacy technicians were satisfied. • Amongst pharmacists, 14% had two or more jobs and these were more likely to be in a community setting (57%). By contrast, only 4% of pharmacy technicians had two or more jobs.

Non-pharmacy related jobs • Seven per cent of pharmacists and 5% of pharmacy technicians had a non-pharmacy related job. • The mean number of hours in a typical week in a non-pharmacy related job was 24.5 for pharmacists and 25.5 for pharmacy technicians. • Six in ten pharmacists who had a non-pharmacy role had a current paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (61%) and 39% did not. • Three-quarters of pharmacy technicians who had a non-pharmacy role also had a current paid pharmacy role (73%) and 27% did not.

Prescribers • Overall, 17% of pharmacists had a prescribing annotation, with ‘independent’ the most common type of prescribing annotation, held by 16% of pharmacists (15% independent prescriber only and 1% both supplementary and independent prescriber). • Amongst pharmacists who did not have a prescribing annotation, 36% said they intended to gain a prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years. • The most common areas of specialism for prescribers were ‘respiratory’ (13%), ‘hypertension’ (11%) and ‘cardiovascular’ (10%). • A fifth of pharmacists with a prescribing annotation had never prescribed (20%). The most common reason given for never having prescribed was a lack of opportunity to prescribe in their current role (57%), followed by a lack of funding, resources or facilities to deliver prescribing services (35%). • Amongst those who had prescribed, two thirds had changed their scope of practice since their initial training and qualification as a prescriber (67%). • Nine in ten of those who had prescribed had done so in the last 12 months (88%). • Secondary care and primary care were the most common settings for prescribing (both 48%). • The most common area for prescribing was ‘medicines optimisation and reviews’ (52%), followed by ‘ management (44%)’, ‘discharge ’ (42%), ‘hypertension’ (41%) and ‘chronic / long-term conditions’ (41%). • One in eight prescribers who had used their prescribing annotation had not prescribed in the last 12 months (12%). The most common reason for not having done so was moving employment to an area where prescribing practice was not needed (43%), followed by a lack of opportunity to prescribe in their current role (42%). • Just over a fifth of prescribers saw 50 patients or more in a typical week (22%), whilst 20% saw five or fewer. • More than a third of prescribers spent 10% or less of their time on prescribing activities (35%) and a further 27% spent between 11% and 30% of their time on this.

Additional qualifications and registrations • Four in ten pharmacists held a postgraduate level qualification (40%) and 27% had a graduate level qualification. • Just over half of pharmacy technicians held an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician further education qualification (53%).

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• Four in ten pharmacists (39%) and 30% of pharmacy technicians did not have an additional qualification. • Three in ten pharmacists (29%) and 32% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years. • Ninety-two percent of pharmacists and 98% of pharmacy technicians were registered with the GPhC only. One per cent of both were registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare regulator in Great Britain and 6% of pharmacists were registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain. By contrast only 1% of pharmacy technicians were.

Future plans • Ninety-four per cent of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians said they intended to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was up for renewal. Five per cent were undecided and 1% said they were not going to. • Eighty-two per cent of pharmacists said they were going to continue practising in the next three years, but 16% were undecided and 2% were not going to continue. • Eighty-six per cent of pharmacy technicians were going to continue practising, 13% were undecided and 1% were not going to continue. • Amongst those who were not intending to continue practising in the next three years, 37% of pharmacists and 40% of pharmacy technicians said it was because they intended to work in a different sector. A further 34% of pharmacists and 35% of pharmacy technicians said it was because they intended to retire. • Four in ten pharmacists (39%) and 30% of pharmacy technicians said they were intending to change their workplace setting in the next three years. • Forty-four per cent of pharmacists and a third (33%) of pharmacy technicians said they intended to change their role in the next three years. • A quarter of pharmacists said they were intending to move location in the next three years (24%). A slightly smaller proportion of pharmacy technicians said the same (18%). • Three in ten pharmacists (31%) and 20% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to decrease the number of hours they worked in the next three years.

Workforce movement • Just over half of pharmacists who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 via a UK qualification (MPharm or OSPAP) completed their pre-registration training in the same region of the UK where they achieved their MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification (52%). The other 48% moved regions. • Sixty-three per cent of pharmacists and 90% of pharmacy technicians who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 work in the same region of the UK where they completed their pre-registration training. • Three quarters of pharmacists (74%) and 82% of pharmacy technicians live and work in their main job in the same county or area in the UK.

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How to read the report

Figures This report contains tables and charts. In some instances, the responses may not add up to 100%. There are several reasons why this might happen:

• The question may have allowed each respondent to give more than one answer • Only the most common responses may be shown in the table or chart • Individual percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number so the total may come to 99% or 101%, apart from where response rates which are shown to one decimal place • A response of between 0% and 0.4% will be shown as <0.5%; where ‘-‘ is shown this signifies that no respondents fell into a category.

Sampling tolerances As the online survey was completed by a sample of registrants, all results are subject to sampling tolerances. Based on a total population of 79,770 registrants on the GPhC register, and a response of 18,394, when interpreting the results to a survey question which all registrant respondents answered, if 50% responded with a particular answer then there is a 95% chance that this result would not vary by more than +/- 0.6 percentage points (49.4% to 50.6%) had the result been obtained from the entire registrant population.

Weighting As the survey was sent out to all GPhC registrants, and only a sample responded to the survey, rim weights have been applied to the returned data to ensure that certain subgroups are not over or under represented and that the data is as close to the demographic profile of GPhC registrants as possible in terms of sex, age and race/ethnicity. Rim-weighting uses a mathematical algorithm to provide an even distribution of results across the dataset while balancing age, sex and race/ethnicity categories to pre-determined totals, based on population statistics provided by the GPhC. It weights the specified characteristics simultaneously and disturbs each variable in the dataset as little as possible. All survey results presented within this report are based on the weighted data (unless otherwise stated).

Subgroup analysis Subgroup analysis has been undertaken to explore results provided at an overall level and within registrant types (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians). This analysis has only been carried out where the sample size is seen to be sufficient for comment. Where sample sizes were not large enough, subgroups have been combined to create a larger group. For example, Arab is included within the Other race/ethnicity category. Where base sizes are less than 30 the figures are replaced by ***.

It should be noted that the percentages shown in the subgroup analysis reflect the proportion of the subgroup who answered the question and gave a particular response. In figures showing subgroup analysis, the percentages shown are calculated from the base size at the bottom of each column. Please note that the base sizes for subgroups may not add up to the overall base size within a table. This is because the table may be displaying only certain subgroups for analysis or may be excluding response categories such as ‘other’ or ‘prefer not to say’.

Where survey results are presented by country, those based in London are reported within the figures for England, as well as separately. When survey results are presented by

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report registrant type, prescribers are included in the pharmacist figures and in some instances are also shown separately.

Statistical testing of differences Differences that have been commented upon are statistically significant according to the z- test at the 95% confidence level. The z-test is a commonly used statistical test used to highlight whether differences in results are ‘significant’. By this we mean that we can say with 95% confidence that we would see a difference if all registrants in a group took part in the survey.

Response scales Some survey questions allowed respondents to answer questions using Likert scales, such as satisfaction rating scales. As differences between responses within these scales are often subjective, for example, the difference between those who answered ‘very satisfied’ and ‘quite satisfied’, these response options have been combined to create net responses.

Terms in the report Various terms are commonly found in the report. These are defined in the Glossary at the end of the report.

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1. About the research

1.1 Background The General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) is the independent regulator for pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy premises in Great Britain. Its role is to protect, promote and maintain the health, safety and wellbeing of the public by upholding standards and public trust in pharmacy. The GPhC approves qualifications and accredits education and training providers, sets and promotes standards, maintains professional registers, and deals fairly and proportionately with complaints and concerns.

In 2013 a major survey of GPhC registrants was undertaken to improve the GPhC’s understanding of pharmacy professionals’ work, training, professional practice and future work plans. Since 2013 the roles of pharmacy professionals have evolved significantly and there have been many developments in the sector. The GPhC therefore required up-to-date insight into pharmacy professionals’ workplace settings, employment, practice, training and future plans to provide an overall snapshot of current pharmacy practice and to understand differences compared with 2013.

1.2 Research aims and objectives Enventure Research, an independent research agency, was commissioned to deliver a survey which aimed to collect information on pharmacy professionals’ training, work, professional practice, job satisfaction and future work plans.

Within this overall aim, the key objectives of this research were to:

• Undertake a census of all GPhC registrants • Achieve a returned sample that is representative of the GPhC register in terms of roles, location, sex, age, and race/ethnicity • Identify information about current practice, such as location, workplace settings, job satisfaction, work-life balance, roles and responsibilities • Collect information about qualifications and training • Understand registrants’ future work plans.

1.3 GPhC register profile Overall The GPhC regulates pharmacists and pharmacy technicians working in Great Britain. At the time of the survey there were 79,770 pharmacy professionals on the GPhC register. This comprised 56,264 pharmacists (71%) and 23,506 pharmacy technicians (29%). The profile of pharmacy professionals on the GPhC register in terms of registrant type, sex, age, location, and race/ethnicity is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Overall profile of GPhC registrants Base: All GPhC registrants (79,770)

Characteristic Number Percentage Registrant type Pharmacist 56,264 71% Pharmacy technician 23,506 29%

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Characteristic Number Percentage Sex Male 24,405 31% Female 55,333 69% Other 5 <0.5% Not known 27 <0.5% Age group 16 - 24 2,512 3% 25 - 34 27,454 34% 35 - 44 21,539 27% 45 - 54 16,438 21% 55 - 64 10,153 13% 65+ 1,674 2% Location England (including London) 66,511 83% Scotland 7,048 9% Wales 4,173 5% London only1 12,773 16% Other 2,038 3% Race/ethnicity White British 39,411 49% White Other 4,565 6% Mixed 876 1% Asian or Asian British 23,299 29% Black or Black British 4,093 5% Arab 112 <0.5% Other 1,346 2% Not known 6,068 8%

Pharmacists The profile of pharmacists on the GPhC register in terms of prescribing status, route to register, year of registration, sex, age, location and race/ethnicity is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 – Profile of pharmacists on the GPhC register Base: All pharmacists on the GPhC register (56,264)

Characteristic Number Percentage Prescribing status Independent prescriber 7,100 13% Supplementary prescriber 313 1% Both 977 2% Neither 47,874 85% Route to register UK 49,907 89% EEA 3,165 6% Overseas (non-EEA) 3,192 6% Year of registration Before 1970 173 <0.5% 1970-1979 1,946 3% 1980-1989 6,607 12% 1990-1999 8,727 16%

1 London is included as a separate geographical area, but it is also included in the figures for England.

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Characteristic Number Percentage 2000-2009 14,555 26% 2010-2015 15,245 27% 2016 or after 9,011 16% Sex Male 21,531 38% Female 34,732 62% Not known 1 <0.5% Age group 16 - 24 1,968 4% 25 - 34 21,663 39% 35 - 44 15,019 27% 45 - 54 9,938 18% 55 - 64 6,256 11% 65+ 1,420 3% Location England (including London) 46,959 83% Scotland 4,897 9% Wales 2,536 5% London only2 10,633 19% Other 1,872 3% Race/ethnicity White British 20,383 36% White Other 3,873 7% Mixed 702 1% Asian or Asian British 20,993 37% Black or Black British 3,607 6% Arab 109 <0.5% Other 1,352 2% Not known 5,354 10%

Pharmacy technicians The profile of pharmacy technicians on the GPhC register in terms of age, sex, race/ethnicity, country, and route to register is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Profile of pharmacy technicians on the GPhC register Base: All pharmacy technicians on the GPhC register (23,506)

Characteristic Number Percentage Route to register Grandparented UK 14,818 63% UK 8,113 35% Grandparented Overseas 358 2% Overseas plus UK 8 <0.5% EEA 209 1% Year of registration 2010-2015 19,894 85% 2016 or after 3,612 15% Sex Male 2,874 12% Female 20,601 88%

2 London is included as a separate geographical area, but it is also included in the figures for England.

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Characteristic Number Percentage Other 5 <0.5% Not known 26 <0.5% Age group 16 - 24 544 2% 25 - 34 5,791 25% 35 - 44 6,520 28% 45 - 54 6,500 28% 55 - 64 3,897 17% 65+ 254 1% Location England (including London) 19,552 83% Scotland 2,151 9% Wales 1,637 7% London only3 2,140 9% Other 166 1% Race/ethnicity White British 19,028 81% White Other 692 3% Mixed 174 1% Asian or Asian British 2,306 10% Black or Black British 486 2% Arab 3 <0.5% Other 103 <0.5% Not known 714 3%

1.4 Methodology and survey design The GPhC provided Enventure Research with a questionnaire that was based on the 2013 survey to allow for comparisons to be made and had been updated to reflect current pharmacy practice. Enventure Research reviewed the updated questionnaire, conducted the pilot and provided advice on the design of new questions. The questionnaire was designed so that it could be completed by all registrant groups within 15 minutes, with routing used to ensure that relevant questions were asked to each respondent. For reference, a copy of the questionnaire can be found in the appendices.

The survey was hosted online and personalised email invitations to participate in the survey were sent to all pharmacy professionals on the GPhC register on 11 June 2019. Four targeted reminder emails were sent to those who had not responded to the survey to maximise the response rate. The first reminder email was sent on 24 June, followed by a second reminder email on 9 July. A third reminder email was sent on 15 July and a final reminder email was sent on 18 July.

An open link to the online survey was also widely promoted by the GPhC on its website, using social media feeds, via employer and stakeholder networks across England, Scotland and Wales, and using newsletters and other publications. Registrants were asked to log into the survey using their GPhC registration number. This ensured only GPhC registrants took part in the survey and were only able to take part once.

3 London is included as a separate geographical area, but it is also included in the figures for England.

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The survey was live from 11 June to 22 July 2019. During this time, 18,394 responses were received.

1.5 Response rates In total, 79,770 GPhC registrants were eligible to take part in the survey. Between 11 June and 22 July 2019, 18,394 registrants completed the survey, an overall response rate of 23.1%. As shown in Figure 4, the response rate varied by registrant type. Amongst pharmacists the response rate was 22.0%, whilst this was slightly higher for pharmacy technicians at 25.6%. The achieved response rate amongst pharmacist prescribers was 26.9%.

The numbers and percentages in the figures below are based on the raw numbers of registrants responding to the survey (unweighted data).

Figure 4 – Response rate by registrant type and prescribing status

Pharmacy Item Pharmacists Prescribers4 technicians Issued sample size 56,264 23,506 8,390 Completed responses 12,368 6,026 2,260 Response rate 22.0% 25.6% 26.9%

Figure 5 shows the issued sample sizes, number of completed responses and the response rates overall and amongst pharmacists and pharmacy technicians by sex and age.

Figure 5 – Response rate by sex and age

Item Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Overall Issued sample size 24,405 55,333 2,512 27,454 21,539 16,438 10,153 1,674 Completed responses 4,715 13,117 334 4,632 4,937 4,507 3,016 439 Response rate 19.3% 23.7% 13.3% 16.9% 22.9% 27.4% 29.7% 26.2% Pharmacists Issued sample size 21,531 34,732 1,968 21,663 15,019 9,938 6,256 1,420 Completed responses 4,163 7,809 233 3,486 3,396 2,642 1,880 373 Response rate 19.3% 22.5% 11.8% 16.1% 22.6% 26.6% 30.1% 26.3% Pharmacy technicians Issued sample size 2,874 20,601 544 5,791 6,520 6,500 3,897 254 Completed responses 552 5,308 101 1,146 1,541 1,865 1,136 66 Response rate 19.2% 25.8% 18.6% 19.8% 23.6% 28.7% 29.2% 26.0%

Figure 6 below shows the issued sample sizes, completed responses and the response rates overall and amongst pharmacists and pharmacy technicians by where they live.

4 Prescribers are also included within the figures for pharmacists in this table, as well as throughout the report.

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Figure 6 – Response rate by home location

England (inc. Item Scotland Wales London only London) Overall Issued sample size 66,511 7,048 4,173 12,773 Completed responses 14,679 2,022 1,020 1,790 Response rate 21.2% 28.4% 23.9% 14.3% Pharmacists Issued sample size 46,959 4,897 2,536 10,633 Completed responses 9,867 1,310 627 1,421 Response rate 21.0% 26.8% 24.7% 13.4% Pharmacy technicians Issued sample size 19,552 2,151 1,637 2,140 Completed responses 4,812 712 393 369 Response rate 24.6% 33.1% 24.0% 17.2%

1.6 Weighted respondent profile Weights have been applied to the variables of age, sex and race/ethnicity to ensure that the returned sample is representative of the GPhC register in terms of these characteristics. For more information about weighting see the How to read the report chapter.

Figure 7 shows the weighted respondent profile of the overall sample of respondents and by pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. For full Equality and Diversity information about respondents see Chapter 15 of the report.

Figure 7 – Weighted respondent profile Base: All respondents (18,394); Pharmacists (13,136); Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Pharmacy Characteristic Overall Pharmacists technicians Year of registration5 Before 1970 <0.5% <0.5% - 1970-1979 3% 4% - 1980-1989 9% 12% - 1990-1999 11% 15% - 2000-2009 19% 26% - 2010-2015 42% 27% 79% 2016 or after 16% 15% 21% Prescribing status (Pharmacists only) Independent prescriber 15% 15% - Supplementary prescriber 1% 1% - Both 1% 1% - Neither 83% 83% -

5 Pharmacy technicians were only required to register with the GPhC from 2011.

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Pharmacy Characteristic Overall Pharmacists technicians Sex Male 31% 38% 12% Female 69% 62% 88% Other <0.5% <0.5% - Prefer not to say <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Age group 16 - 24 3% 3% 3% 25 - 34 34% 38% 25% 35 - 44 27% 27% 27% 45 - 54 21% 18% 28% 55 - 64 13% 12% 16% 65+ 2% 3% 1% Prefer not to say <0.5% <0.5% - Home location England (including London) 82% 82% 82% Scotland 10% 9% 11% Wales 5% 4% 6% London only 12% 14% 8% Other 2% 3% <0.5% Prefer not to say 1% 1% 1% Race/ethnicity White British 49% 39% 76% White Other 6% 7% 3% Mixed 1% 1% 1% Asian or Asian British 29% 35% 13% Black or Black British 5% 6% 2% Other 2% 2% 1% Prefer not to say 8% 9% 3% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

2. Registration with the GPhC

Key findings

• 68% of pharmacists had registered with the GPhC since 2000.

• 79% of pharmacy technicians registered with the GPhC between 2010 and 2015 and 21% had registered since 2016.

• 89% of pharmacists qualified in the UK, 5% had qualified in the EEA and 6% overseas.

• 59% of pharmacy technicians had grandparented to the register via the UK and 38% had qualified in the UK. A further 2% grandparented overseas and 1% had registered via the EEA.

2.1 Year of registration Overall Registrants were asked to identify their year of registration with the GPhC or the RPSGB (Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain) as it was formerly known. The question was slightly different for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians as it only became a mandatory requirement for pharmacy technicians to register with the GPhC in order to practice in 2011. Therefore all pharmacy technicians had registered after this date.

Pharmacists Two-thirds of pharmacists had registered with the GPhC since 2000 (68%). Figure 8 summarises differences in the year of registration by sex and age for pharmacists. As shown, there was little difference by sex. Almost all those aged 16-24 had registered in 2016 or after (99%), whilst the majority of those aged 65 and above registered either before 1970 or between 1970 and 1979 (88%). Three quarters of those aged 55-64 registered between 1980 and 1989 (73%) and a further 15% in the 1970s.

Figure 8 – Pharmacists’ year of registration by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Year Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Before 1970 <0.5% 1% <0.5% - - - <0.5% <0.5% 15% 1970-1979 4% 6% 2% - - <0.5% <0.5% 15% 73% 1980-1989 12% 13% 12% - <0.5% <0.5% 21% 73% 5% 1990-1999 15% 14% 16% - <0.5% 15% 60% 5% 4% 2000-2009 26% 27% 26% - 13% 67% 14% 5% 3% 2010-2015 27% 26% 28% 1% 59% 15% 4% 1% - 2016 or after 15% 13% 16% 99% 27% 3% 1% <0.5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

As shown in Figure 9, between 1980 and 1999 44% of pharmacists from a White British background registered. This was a larger proportion than those from other races/ethnicities. However, since the year 2000 races/ethnicities other than White British have seen larger proportions register. In particular, seven in ten pharmacists from a White other background registered between 2000 and 2015 (71%). Six in ten pharmacists from a Mixed background had registered since 2010 (58%), as had 53% of pharmacists from an Asian background and 54% of those from a Black background.

Figure 9 – Pharmacists’ year of registration by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Year Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Before 1970 <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1970-1979 4% 6% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1980-1989 12% 22% 4% 5% 8% 2% 5% 1990-1999 15% 22% 7% 11% 12% 10% 5% 2000-2009 26% 24% 34% 24% 25% 34% 24% 2010-2015 27% 16% 37% 34% 33% 38% 38% 2016 or after 15% 9% 17% 24% 20% 16% 25% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Pharmacy technicians Amongst pharmacy technicians, eight in ten registered with the GPhC between 2010 and 2015 (79%) and 21% had registered since 2016. As shown in Figure 10, a larger proportion of females registered between 2010 and 2015 than males (81% compared with 69%), whereas a larger proportion of males had registered since 2016 (31% compared with 19%). Large proportions of pharmacy technicians from the older age groups had registered between 2010 and 2015. All pharmacy technicians aged 65 and above registered in this time period. By contrast, the vast majority of 16-24 year olds had registered since 2016 (93%).

Figure 10 – Pharmacy technicians’ year of registration by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Year Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 2010-2015 79% 69% 81% 7% 59% 85% 91% 95% 100% 2016 or after 21% 31% 19% 93% 41% 15% 9% 5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

Figure 11 summarises the differences in year of registration by race/ethnicity. Pharmacy technicians from a White British background more commonly registered between 2010 and 2015 (82%) than in 2016 and after (18%). A smaller proportion of pharmacy technicians from a White British background had registered since 2016 (18%) in comparison to those from other races/ethnicities.

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 11 – Pharmacy technicians’ year of registration by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Year Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other 2010-2015 79% 82% 65% 61% 69% 65% 67% 2016 or after 21% 18% 35% 39% 31% 35% 33% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

2.2 Route to register with the GPhC Overall Registrants were asked to identify their route to registration with the GPhC, which included qualifying in the UK, in the European Economic Area (EEA) and outside of the EEA.

In 2011 it became a mandatory requirement for pharmacy technicians to register with the GPhC in order to practice. Pharmacy technicians who had already qualified in the UK or overseas (non-EEA countries) before mandatory registration was introduced were transitionally grandparented on to the register. This enabled them to register with the GPhC without needing to complete further qualifications or work experience. Grandparenting did not apply to EEA pharmacy technicians who could apply through the EEA route to the register.

As grandparenting only applied to pharmacy technicians and not pharmacists, the two different types of registrants were asked different questions about their route to register.

Pharmacists Nine in ten pharmacists had qualified in the UK (89%), 5% had qualified in the EEA and 6% overseas. Figure 12 summarises the differences in the route to registration by year of qualification amongst pharmacists. As shown, pharmacists who first registered with the GPhC before the year 2000 were more likely to have qualified in the UK compared with those who registered during or after 2000. Since 2000, there has been an increase in the proportion of pharmacists who registered via the EEA and overseas routes generally, although most recently, since 2016, registrations through the overseas route have returned to the same levels as pre-2000.

Figure 12 – Route to register for pharmacists by year of registration Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Before 2016 or Route Overall 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2015 1979 after UK 89% 96% 98% 94% 83% 85% 89% EEA 5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 7% 8% 7% Overseas 6% 4% 1% 4% 10% 7% 4% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 545 1,638 2,018 3,433 3,591 1,911

As shown in Figure 13, larger proportions of pharmacists living in England (including London) and in London only had qualified overseas (7% and 8% respectively) in comparison to Scotland and Wales (2% and 3% respectively). The overwhelming majority of pharmacists in Scotland and Wales qualified in the UK (96% and 94%).

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 13 – Route to register for pharmacists by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Route Overall Scotland Wales London only London) UK 89% 88% 96% 94% 87% EEA 5% 5% 2% 3% 5% Overseas 6% 7% 2% 3% 8% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

Females were more likely than males to have qualified in the UK (90% compared with 87%). One hundred per cent of pharmacists aged 16-24 qualified in the UK. The figure below summarises the differences in the route to register by sex and age group. There was little difference by sex, as shown in Figure 14. Differences by age were more pronounced. Pharmacists aged 35-44 and 45-54 more commonly came through non-UK routes than other older and younger age groups.

Figure 14 – Route to register for pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Route Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ UK 89% 87% 90% 100% 93% 82% 86% 93% 89% EEA 5% 5% 5% <0.5% 5% 8% 5% 2% 1% Overseas 6% 9% 5% - 3% 10% 9% 5% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

Figure 15 summarises the differences in the route to register amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity. As shown, almost all pharmacists from a White British background were registered via the UK (99%). Those from a White other background were more commonly registered via the EEA (58%), whilst a larger proportion of those from a Black background were registered via the overseas route compared with those from other races/ethnicities (ranging from 1% to 12%).

Figure 15 – Route to register for pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Route Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other UK 89% 99% 35% 81% 93% 70% 80% EEA 1% <0.5% 58% 9% <0.5% 2% 8% Overseas 10% 1% 7% 10% 7% 28% 12% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Pharmacy technicians When comparing results of the route to register survey question to data held on the GPhC register, it became apparent that the definition of grandparenting was unclear to some respondents, which resulted in erroneous answers. Therefore for analytical purposes, pharmacy technicians’ route to register was taken from the GPhC register, rather than survey responses.

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

One in six pharmacy technicians had qualified in the UK and been grandparented to the register (59%). A further 38% had qualified in the UK and had not been grandparented to the register. Three quarters of pharmacy technicians registered between 2010 and 2015 were grandparented to the register (74%). In contrast, 93% of those that had registered since 2016 had done so via the UK route. This is summarised in Figure 16.

Figure 16 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

2016 or Route Overall 2010-2015 after Grandparented UK 59% 74% 6% UK 38% 23% 93% Grandparented overseas 2% 2% <0.5% Overseas plus UK <0.5% <0.5% - EEA 1% 1% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,165 1,093

Figure 17 summarises the differences in the route to registration by where pharmacy technicians lived. Larger proportions of pharmacy technicians that lived in Scotland and Wales grandparented via the UK to the register (70% and 64% respectively) compared with those living in England including London (58%) and in just London (41%). One in ten of those living in London qualified overseas (10%), which was higher than those living in other locations (1% to 2%).

Figure 17 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England (inc. Route Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Grandparented 59% 58% 70% 64% 41% UK UK 38% 39% 30% 35% 48% Grandparented 2% 2% - 1% 10% overseas Overseas plus UK <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% EEA 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

Figure 18 shows route to register for pharmacy technicians by sex and age. Six in ten female pharmacy technicians had grandparented to the register via the UK (62%) compared with 38% of males. A larger proportion of males registered via the UK (51% compared with 36%). As with pharmacists, all pharmacy technicians aged 16-24 qualified in the UK, as grandparenting was not an option for that age group. Unsurprisingly pharmacy technicians from older age groups more commonly grandparented to the register than younger age groups.

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 18 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Route Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Grandparented 59% 38% 62% - 20% 65% 79% 88% 94% UK UK 38% 51% 36% 100% 77% 30% 19% 11% 4% Grandparented 2% 11% 1% - 1% 4% 1% <0.5% 2% overseas Overseas plus <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - - - UK EEA 1% <0.5% 1% - 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

Figure 19 summarises the differences in the route to register by race/ethnicity. Pharmacy technicians from a White British background more commonly grandparented via the UK (65%) than those from other races/ethnicities (25% to 48%). A quarter of pharmacy technicians from a White other background registered via the EEA (24%). Whilst substantial proportions of pharmacy technicians from Mixed (48%), Asian (40%) and Black (43%) backgrounds had grandparented via the UK, more than half of those from these groups had registered via the UK (52%, 51% and 51% respectively).

Figure 19 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

White White Route Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Grandparented UK 59% 65% 25% 48% 40% 43% 43% UK 38% 35% 47% 52% 51% 51% 49% Grandparented 2% <0.5% 3% - 10% 7% 6% overseas Overseas plus UK <0.5% - <0.5% - <0.5% - - EEA 1% <0.5% 24% - - - 3% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

3. Working status

Key findings

• 96% of pharmacists and 98% of pharmacy technicians had worked in a pharmacy related job in the last 12 months.

• Community pharmacy was the most common setting in which both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians had worked in the last 12 months (63% and 46% respectively).

• 88% of pharmacists and 94% of pharmacy technicians currently worked in a pharmacy related job.

• 3% of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were temporarily away from work and 3% of pharmacists said they were working abroad.

• 49% of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians said they had caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals.

• Of those who had caring responsibilities, 56% of pharmacists and 52% of pharmacy technicians were working full-time with caring responsibilities. Just over a third of pharmacists (35%) and 42% of pharmacy technicians were working part- time with responsibilities.

• 50% of pharmacists and 64% of pharmacy technicians were satisfied with their work-life balance.

• 31% of pharmacists were not satisfied with their work-life balance, a larger proportion than pharmacy technicians (18%).

• A larger proportion of pharmacists working in community settings only indicated they were dissatisfied with their work-life balance (38%) than those working in any other setting (14% to 28%). Those working in a primary care setting only or other settings only were more satisfied with their work-life balance (71% and 69% respectively).

3.1 Working in pharmacy in last 12 months Overall The survey asked registrants to identify which types of settings they had worked in during the last 12 months and they were able to choose more than one. They were also given options to say that they had not worked in a pharmacy related role or had only worked in a pharmacy related role outside of Great Britain in the last 12 months.

Ninety-seven per cent of registrants had worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months, with similar proportions found across pharmacists (96%) and pharmacy technicians

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

(98%). Almost all pharmacist prescribers said they had worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months (99%), as shown in Figure 20.

Figure 20 – Working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by registrant type and prescribing status Base: All respondents (18,394)

Worked in pharmacy Pharmacy Overall Pharmacist Prescriber6 role in last 12 months technician Yes 97% 96% 98% 99% No 3% 4% 2% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258 2,235

Pharmacists A high percentage of pharmacists had worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months (96%). As shown in Figure 21, there was little difference by sex and by age group.

Figure 21 – Pharmacists working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Pharmacy role in last Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 12 months Yes 96% 96% 96% 98% 96% 96% 98% 96% 94% No 4% 4% 4% 2% 4% 4% 2% 4% 6% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

By location, there was little variation in the proportions that had worked in a pharmacy related role, as shown in Figure 22.

Figure 22 – Pharmacists working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Pharmacy role in last England (incl. Overall Scotland Wales London only 12 months London) Yes 96% 98% 99% 99% 97% No 4% 2% 1% 1% 3% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

As shown in Figure 23 there was little difference in pharmacists working in pharmacy related roles in the last 12 months by race/ethnicity.

6 Prescribers are also included within the figures for pharmacists in this table, as well as throughout the report.

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 23 – Pharmacists working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Pharmacy role in last White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other 12 months British other Yes 96% 98% 94% 97% 95% 95% 92% No 4% 2% 6% 3% 5% 5% 8% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Pharmacy technicians Most pharmacy technicians had worked in pharmacy during the last 12 months (98%). There was little difference by sex and by age group, as shown in Figure 24.

Figure 24 – Pharmacy technicians working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Pharmacy role in last 12 Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ months Yes 98% 97% 98% 99% 98% 97% 97% 98% 96% No 2% 3% 2% 1% 2% 3% 3% 2% 4% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

As shown in Figure 25, pharmacy technicians living in London had less commonly worked in pharmacy in the last 12 months (94%) compared with those living in other locations (98% to 99%).

Figure 25 – Pharmacy technicians working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England Pharmacy role in last Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only 12 months London) Yes 98% 98% 99% 98% 94% No 2% 2% 1% 2% 6% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

As shown in Figure 26, the proportions of pharmacy technicians who had worked in pharmacy related roles in the last 12 months were similar across races/ethnicities.

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 26 – Pharmacy technicians working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Pharmacy role in last White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other 12 months British other Yes 98% 98% 95% 96% 94% 96% 91% No 2% 2% 5% 4% 6% 4% 9% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

3.2 Settings worked in last 12 months Overall Figure 27 summarises the differences between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in the settings they had worked in during the last 12 months. Six in ten pharmacists had worked in a community setting in the last 12 months (63%), a higher percentage than pharmacy technicians (46%). Within community pharmacy, working in a large multiple pharmacy chain was most common for pharmacists (39%) and pharmacy technicians (26%). A similar proportion of pharmacists had worked in primary care in the last 12 months (12%) compared with pharmacy technicians (9%). However, a larger proportion of pharmacy technicians had worked in secondary care (41%) than pharmacists (23%).

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 27 – Settings worked in during the last 12 months by registrant type Base: All (18,394)

63% Community pharmacy - all 46%

Community pharmacy - independent pharmacy or 26% chain 14% Community pharmacy - small to medium multiple 17% chain 8% Community pharmacy - large multiple pharmacy 39% chain 26% 2% Online only pharmacy 1%

12% Primary care - all 9%

10% Primary care - general practice 6%

Primary care - urgent care provider/service 1% <0.5%0% <0.5%0% Primary care - hospice <0.5%0%

Primary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability <0.5%0% Service/Trust 1% 1% Primary care - care home 1%

<0.5%0% Primary care - online only prescribing service <0.5%0%

1% Other primary care 2%

23% Secondary care - all 41%

21% Secondary care - 40%

1% Secondary care - urgent care provider/service 1%

Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability 2% Service/Trust 3% <0.5% Secondary care - Ambulance Service/Trust 0% Pharmacist <0.5%0% <0.5% Pharmacy technician Secondary care - hospice 0% <0.5%0%

<0.5%0% Other secondary care <0.5%0%

1% Prison pharmacy 3%

4% Healthcare commissioning organisation 5%

6% Research, education and training 3%

3% Pharmaceutical industry 1%

<0.5%0% Armed forces 1%

3% Other 2%

Not worked in pharmacy related role in last 12 2% months 2% Only worked in roles outside of Britain in last 12 2% months <0.5%0%

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

The most common ‘other’ settings included community health services (other primary care), homecare / domiciliary (other primary care), specialist centres, units and clinics (other secondary care), regulation (other), NHS organisations (other), digital healthcare (other), and consultancy (other). For a full list see the appendices.

Pharmacists Figure 28 summarises settings worked in during the last 12 months amongst pharmacists by sex and age group. A larger proportion of males had worked in community pharmacy in the last 12 months than females (73% compared with 57%) and this was driven by the large proportion of males who had worked in an independent community pharmacy (37%). There was a trend for younger pharmacists to work in community pharmacy, with 79% of those aged 16-24 having done so in the last 12 months, higher than any other age group (57% to 74%). This was driven by 56% of those aged 16-24 working in a large multiple chain. Females were more likely to have worked in secondary care than males (27% compared with 16%), with a quarter of female pharmacists having worked in a hospital pharmacy setting (25%). Younger pharmacists also more commonly had worked in secondary care (29% of 16-24 year olds and 26% of 25-34 year olds), particularly compared with 55-64 year olds and those aged 65+ (15% and 6% respectively).

Figure 28 – Settings worked in by pharmacists during the last 12 months by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Not worked in 2% 2% 2% - 2% 2% 1% 2% 5% pharmacy Only worked in roles outside of Great 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% Britain Community – all 63% 73% 57% 79% 66% 59% 57% 64% 74% Community pharmacy – 26% 37% 19% 33% 27% 21% 21% 34% 49% independent Community pharmacy – 17% 20% 14% 39% 21% 13% 11% 14% 14% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 39% 40% 39% 56% 46% 36% 35% 30% 25% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 2% 3% 2% 4% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% online only pharmacy Primary care – all 12% 11% 12% 3% 11% 14% 14% 9% 5% Primary care – 10% 9% 10% 3% 10% 12% 11% 6% 4% general practice Primary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% <0.5% - provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% hospice

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% care home Primary care – online only <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 1% 1% 2% - 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% organisation Secondary care – 23% 16% 27% 29% 26% 23% 21% 15% 6% all Secondary care – hospital 21% 15% 25% 29% 24% 22% 20% 14% 5% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% <0.5% - provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 2% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 1% Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% - – hospice Other secondary care provider/ <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Healthcare commissioning 4% 3% 5% - 3% 6% 6% 5% 1% organisation Research, 6% 5% 6% 1% 5% 7% 7% 6% 5% education or training Pharmaceutical 3% 4% 3% 2% 3% 3% 4% 3% 4% industry Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Other 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 3% 4% 6% 5% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

As shown in Figure 29, a smaller proportion of pharmacists living in London had worked in community pharmacy in the last 12 months (60%) than in England overall (65%). Interestingly those in London were more likely to have worked in an independent community pharmacy (35%) compared with other locations (20% to 27%) but had less commonly worked in large multiple (30%) than other locations (39% to 43%). Those living in Scotland were more likely to have worked in primary care (22%) than those from other locations (8% to 14%).

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General Pharmaceutical Council – Survey of registered pharmacy professionals 2019 – Main Report

Figure 29 – Settings worked in by pharmacists during the last 12 months by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England Settings Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Not worked in pharmacy 2% 2% 1% <0.5% 3% Only worked in roles 2% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% outside of Great Britain Community – all 63% 65% 64% 67% 60% Community pharmacy 26% 27% 23% 20% 35% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 17% 17% 18% 16% 14% chain Community pharmacy 39% 40% 39% 43% 30% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 2% 2% 1% - 2% pharmacy Primary care – all 12% 11% 22% 14% 8% Primary care – 10% 9% 20% 13% 7% general practice Primary care – urgent 1% 1% 1% 2% <0.5% care provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 2% 1% <0.5% home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% service Other primary care 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% provider/organisation Secondary care – all 23% 23% 23% 22% 26% Secondary care – 21% 22% 22% 21% 25% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% <0.5% 2% 2% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% service/trust Secondary care – <0.5% 1% 0% 1% <0.5% hospice

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England Settings Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% organisation/provider Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Healthcare commissioning 4% 5% 4% 5% 4% organisation Research, education or 6% 6% 7% 6% 6% training Pharmaceutical industry 3% 4% 1% 1% 7% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Other 3% 3% 2% 2% 4% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

Larger proportions of pharmacists from Asian and Black backgrounds had worked in community pharmacy in the last 12 months (72% and 70%) than those from a White British (53%), White other (62%) and Mixed (55%) backgrounds, as shown in Figure 30. Pharmacists from an Asian background more commonly had worked in independent pharmacies (36%) than those from other races/ethnicities, whilst over half of pharmacists from a Black background had worked in large multiples (53%), a larger proportion than those of other races/ethnicities (32% to 44%). Three in ten pharmacists from a White British background (29%) and 32% of pharmacists from a Mixed background had worked in secondary care in the last 12 months, larger proportions than those from other races/ethnicities. This was driven by over a quarter of pharmacists from a White British background (27%) and 30% of those from a Mixed background having worked in hospital pharmacy.

Figure 30 – Settings worked in by pharmacists during the last 12 months by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Not worked in pharmacy 2% 1% 3% 2% 2% 3% 3% Only worked in roles 2% 1% 3% 1% 3% 2% 5% outside of Great Britain Community – all 63% 53% 62% 55% 72% 70% 67% Community pharmacy 26% 18% 19% 19% 36% 25% 32% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 17% 13% 14% 18% 19% 21% 17% chain Community pharmacy 39% 32% 44% 38% 42% 53% 39% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 2% 1% 1% 3% 3% 35 4% pharmacy Primary care – all 12% 15% 8% 11% 10% 11% 11% Primary care – 10% 13% 7% 9% 9% 8% 9% general practice Primary care – urgent 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% care provider/service

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White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% service Other primary care 1% 2% 1% - 1% 2% 1% provider/organisation Secondary care – all 23% 29% 21% 32% 17% 23% 20% Secondary care – 21% 27% 20% 30% 16% 20% 18% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% urgent care provider Secondary care – Mental Health & 2% 3% 1% 3% 1% 5% 2% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% Healthcare commissioning 4% 6% 3% 5% 3% 4% 2% organisation Research, education or 6% 8% 5% 8% 3% 3% 6% training Pharmaceutical industry 3% 3% 6% 5% 3% 2% 3% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% - 1% <0.5% - - Other 3% 4% 3% 6% 2% 1% 4% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Pharmacy technicians Figure 31 summarises settings worked in during the last 12 months amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age group. A larger proportion of females had worked in community pharmacy than males (48% compared with 35%) and this was driven by females more commonly working in large multiples than males (28% compared with 15%). Pharmacy technicians aged 16-24 were more likely than pharmacy technicians from other age groups to have worked in community pharmacy (65% compared with 43% to 56%). A much larger proportion of those aged 16-24 had worked in independent pharmacies (45%) than any other age group (12% to 16%). There was little difference by sex and age in primary care. In secondary care, a larger proportion of males had worked in secondary care than females (52% compared with 40%), with 50% of male pharmacy technicians having worked in a hospital compared with 38% of females.

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Figure 31 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians during the last 12 months by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Not worked in 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 4% pharmacy Only worked in roles outside of <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% - Great Britain Community – all 46% 35% 48% 65% 44% 43% 47% 51% 56% Community pharmacy – 14% 17% 14% 45% 16% 13% 13% 12% 12% independent Community pharmacy – 8% 7% 8% 14% 7% 8% 9% 8% 6% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 26% 15% 28% 20% 24% 24% 27% 31% 36% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% - online only pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 10% 9% 5% 9% 9% 9% 9% 7% Primary care – 6% 5% 6% 3% 6% 7% 6% 7% 7% general practice Primary care – urgent care <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - provider/ service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – 1% 1% 1% - 2% 1% 1% 1% - care home Primary care – online only <0.5% 1% <0.5% 2% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% - prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 2% 2% 2% - 1% 2% 2% 2% - organisation Secondary care – 41% 52% 40% 35% 47% 44% 38% 33% 33% all Secondary care – hospital 40% 50% 38% 34% 46% 43% 36% 32% 32% pharmacy

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% - provider/ service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 3% 5% 3% 3% 2% 3% 4% 2% 1% Disability Service/ Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% - <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care <0.5% - 1% - <0.5% 1% 1% <0.5% - – hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - provider/ organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 6% 3% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% - Healthcare commissioning 5% 4% 5% - 5% 5% 4% 5% 2% organisation Research, education or 3% 3% 3% 1% 2% 3% 2% 3% 3% training Pharmaceutical 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% industry Armed forces 1% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 1% - Other 2% 3% 1% - 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

Figure 32 below shows settings worked in the last 12 months amongst pharmacy technicians by the location where they lived. Over half of pharmacy technicians in Wales had worked in community pharmacy in the last 12 months (55%) and this was a particular contrast to those in London (38%). Pharmacy technicians in London had less commonly worked in large multiple chains (16%) than those living in other locations (25% to 32%). A larger proportion of pharmacy technicians living in London had worked in secondary care (53%) than those from other locations (33% to 42%) and this was driven by half of pharmacy technicians having worked in hospital pharmacy (50%). Those from Scotland were more likely to have worked in primary care pharmacy (14%) compared with those from other locations (8% to 12%), driven by 12% of pharmacy technicians living in Scotland saying they had worked in general practice in the last 12 months.

Figure 32 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians during the last 12 months by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England Settings Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Not worked in pharmacy 2% 2% 1% 2% 5% Only worked in roles <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% outside of Great Britain

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England Settings Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Community – all 46% 45% 51% 55% 38% Community pharmacy 14% 14% 16% 14% 19% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 8% 8% 9% 11% 7% chain Community pharmacy 26% 25% 27% 32% 16% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 8% 14% 12% 8% Primary care – 6% 5% 12% 10% 3% general practice Primary care – urgent <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% care provider / service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning 1% 1% 1% - <0.5% Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 4% 1% 2% home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% service Other primary care 2% 2% 1% 3% 2% provider/ organisation Secondary care – all 41% 42% 37% 33% 53% Secondary care – 40% 41% 36% 32% 50% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care provider/ 1% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% service Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 1% 1% 4% Learning Disability Service/ Trust Secondary care – Ambulance Service/ <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% - Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 1% provider/ organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 3% 1% 1% 3% Healthcare commissioning 5% 5% 1% 3% 3% organisation Research, education or 3% 3% 2% 2% 3% training

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England Settings Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% Armed forces 1% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% Other 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

Almost half of pharmacy technicians from an Asian background had worked in community pharmacy in the last 12 months (48%), as had 47% of those from a White British background, which were both higher than amongst those from other races/ethnicities. Pharmacy technicians from an Asian background most commonly had worked in independent pharmacies (26%) and those from a White British background in a large multiple pharmacy (28%). Six in ten pharmacy technicians from a Black background had worked in secondary care (63%), all of them having worked in hospital pharmacy. Figure 33 summarises the differences by race/ethnicity.

Figure 33 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians during the last 12 months by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Not worked in pharmacy 2% 1% 4% 4% 4% 3% 9% Only worked in roles <0.5% <0.5% 1% - 1% 1% - outside of Great Britain Community – all 46% 47% 41% 35% 48% 27% 44% Community pharmacy 14% 12% 18% 16% 26% 14% 27% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 8% 9% 5% 2% 9% 6% - chain Community pharmacy 26% 28% 20% 18% 19% 14% 17% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 1% 1% <0.5% - 2% - 3% pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 10% 7% 5% 7% 5% 5% Primary care – 6% 7% 4% 2% 3% 4% 2% general practice Primary care – urgent <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% - - care provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - - - - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning 1% 1% 1% - 1% - - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% - - home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - - service

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White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Other primary care 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 3% provider/organisation Secondary care – all 41% 39% 43% 51% 44% 63% 44% Secondary care – 40% 38% 41% 51% 42% 63% 44% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% - urgent care provider Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 3% - 3% 7% - Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - - - - - Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% 1% <0.5% - - - - hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% - provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 6% 3% Healthcare commissioning 5% 5% 7% 4% 4% 1% 3% organisation Research, education or 3% 3% 1% 5% 2% 1% - training Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 4% - Armed forces 1% 1% 1% 2% <0.5% 3% - Other 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 1% 3% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

3.3 Current working status Overall Registrants were asked their current working status and were able to select all that applied from a list of options. Overall, 90% of registrants said that they were working in a paid pharmacy role. As can be seen in Figure 34, a larger proportion of pharmacy technicians currently worked in a pharmacy role (94%) than pharmacists (88%). Overall, small proportions were temporarily away from work (3%) and working in a paid non-pharmacy role (3%). A higher percentage of pharmacists said they were working abroad/outside of Great Britain (3%) compared with pharmacy technicians (<0.5%). The overall working status profile of prescribers was similar to pharmacists overall, although a larger proportion of prescribers were in a pharmacy role (94%) than pharmacists overall (88%).

Figure 34 – Current working status by registrant type and prescribing status Base: All (18,394)

Pharmacy Working status Overall Pharmacist Prescriber7 technician In pharmacy role 90% 88% 94% 94% In non-pharmacy role 3% 3% 2% 2%

7 Prescribers are also included within the figures for pharmacists in this table, as well as throughout the report.

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Pharmacy Working status Overall Pharmacist Prescriber7 technician Temporarily away from work8 3% 3% 3% 3% In full-time education9 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Not employed but looking for work 1% 1% <0.5% 1% Not employed and not looking for work 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% Working abroad10 2% 3% <0.5% <0.5% Other 2% 2% 1% 1% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258 2,235

The most common ‘other’ responses included ‘retired’, ‘working in non-pharmacy roles but using pharmacy knowledge’ and ‘consultant’, amongst others. For the full list see the appendices.

Pharmacists As shown in Figure 35, there were very few differences in working status by year of registration. However, those who registered between 1990 and 1999 were more likely to be in a pharmacy role (93%) than those who had registered before then, particularly those before 1979 (84%) and those who had registered more recently, for example between 2010 and 2015 (85%) and since 2016 (88%).

Figure 35 – Pharmacists’ current working status by year of registration Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Working status Overall 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after In pharmacy role 88% 84% 90% 93% 89% 85% 88% In non-pharmacy 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% role Temporarily away 3% 1% 1% 1% 4% 6% 2% from work11 In full-time <0.5% - <0.5% - - 1% 1% education12 Not employed but 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% looking for work Not employed and 1% 3% 2% <0.5% 1% 1% <0.5% not looking for work Working abroad13 3% 2% 1% 2% 2% 4% 4% Other 2% 8% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% Base 13,136 545 1,638 2,018 3,433 3,591 1,911

As shown in Figure 36, there was little difference in working status by sex. A smaller proportion of pharmacists aged 65 and above were working in a paid pharmacy role (82%) than other age groups. By contrast, other age groups ranged from 90% to 92% in a paid

8 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 9 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 10 Included working outside of Great Britain. 11 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 12 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 13 Included working outside of Great Britain.

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pharmacy role, except for those aged 25-34 (85%). This was largely driven by 5% of this age group being temporarily away from work and 4% working abroad.

Figure 36 – Pharmacists’ current working status by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Working status Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ In pharmacy role 88% 90% 87% 92% 85% 90% 92% 90% 82% In non-pharmacy 3% 3% 3% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% role Temporarily away 3% 1% 5% 1% 5% 3% 1% 1% 1% from work14 In full-time <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - education15 Not employed but 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% looking for work Not employed and 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 2% 4% not looking for work Working abroad16 3% 3% 3% 2% 4% 3% 2% 2% 1% Other 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 1% 2% 3% 8% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

Figure 37 summarises the differences in current working status by the home locations of pharmacists. Pharmacists from London were less likely to work in a paid pharmacy role (88%) than those from other locations (91% to 94%). This was largely driven by 5% of those living in London working in non-pharmacy roles.

Figure 37 – Pharmacists’ current working status by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Working status Overall Scotland Wales London only London) In pharmacy role 88% 91% 94% 92% 88% In non-pharmacy role 3% 3% 1% 2% 5% Temporarily away from work17 3% 3% 4% 4% 3% In full-time education18 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% Not employed but looking for 1% 1% <0.5% - 2% work Not employed and not looking 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% for work Working abroad19 3% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% Other 2% 2% 1% 1% 3% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

14 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 15 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 16 Included working outside of Great Britain. 17 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 18 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 19 Included working outside of Great Britain.

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A higher percentage of pharmacists from a White British background were in a paid pharmacy role (92%) than pharmacists from other races/ethnicities (84% to 89%). This is shown in Figure 38.

Figure 38 – Pharmacists’ current working status by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Working status Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other In pharmacy role 88% 92% 85% 86% 86% 89% 84% In non-pharmacy role 3% 3% 4% 7% 3% 2% 2% Temporarily away from 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% work20 In full-time education21 <0.5% <0.5% 1% 2% <0.5% <0.5% 1% Not employed but 1% <0.5% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% looking for work Not employed and not 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% looking for work Working abroad22 3% 1% 5% 4% 4% 3% 5% Other 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 39, there was little difference in pharmacy technicians’ working status by year of registration. The majority of those who registered between 2010 and 2015 were in a pharmacy role (94%), as were the majority of those who had registered since 2016 (93%).

Figure 39 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

2016 or Route Overall 2010-2015 after In pharmacy role 94% 94% 93% In non-pharmacy role 2% 2% 1% Temporarily away from 3% 3% 5% work23 In full-time education24 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Not employed but looking <0.5% <0.5% 1% for work Not employed and not <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% looking for work Working abroad25 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Other 1% 1% <0.5% Base 5,258 4,165 1,093

20 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 21 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 22 Included working outside of Great Britain. 23 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 24 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 25 Included working outside of Great Britain.

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As shown in Figure 40, a smaller proportion of pharmacy technicians who were aged 65 and above worked in a pharmacy role (82%) than those from other age groups (89% to 97%). Pharmacy technicians aged 25-34 were more commonly temporarily away from work (8%) than other age groups (1% to 3%), with the exception of those aged 65 and above, 6% of whom were temporarily away from work.

Figure 40 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Working Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ status In pharmacy 94% 94% 94% 93% 89% 95% 97% 95% 82% role In non- pharmacy 2% 3% 2% - 3% 2% 2% 2% - role Temporarily away from 3% 1% 3% 3% 8% 3% 1% 1% 6% work26 In full-time <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% - education27 Not employed but <0.5% - 1% 3% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - looking for work Not employed and not <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% 3% looking for work Working <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - abroad28 Other 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 8% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

Figure 41 summarises the differences in current working status by the home locations of pharmacy technicians. There were few differences by location, but those living in London were less likely to be in a pharmacy role (92%) compared to Scotland in particular (97%).

Figure 41 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England Working status Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) In pharmacy role 94% 93% 97% 94% 92% In non-pharmacy role 2% 2% 1% 2% 2%

26 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 27 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 28 Included working outside of Great Britain.

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England Working status Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Temporarily away from work29 3% 3% 1% 3% 3% In full-time education30 <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% Not employed but looking for <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% work Not employed and not looking <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% for work Working abroad31 <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% - Other 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

Pharmacy technicians from an Asian background and an ‘other’ race/ethnicity background were less commonly in a pharmacy role (both 90%) than those from other races/ethnicities (93% to 95%), as shown in Figure 42.

Figure 42 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

White White Working status Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other In pharmacy role 94% 94% 93% 95% 90% 93% 90% In non-pharmacy role 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% Temporarily away from 3% 3% 4% 2% 5% 3% 3% work32 In full-time education33 <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - - Not employed but <0.5% <0.5% 1% - 1% - 4% looking for work Not employed and not <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% - - looking for work Working abroad34 <0.5% <0.5% 1% - <0.5% 1% - Other 1% <0.5% - 2% 1% 1% - Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

3.4 Caring responsibilities Overall Registrants were asked if they currently had any caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals. Around half of registrants said they had caring responsibilities (49%), and this was the same proportion for both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (49%).

29 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 30 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 31 Included working outside of Great Britain. 32 Included examples such as maternity or paternity leave, sick leave or other approved leave. 33 In the questionnaire it included the phrase ‘and intending to return to pharmacy practice in Great Britain’. 34 Included working outside of Great Britain.

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Registrants who said they had caring responsibilities were asked if they were working or not with full or part-time caring responsibilities. Just over half were working full-time with caring responsibilities (55%) and 37% were working part-time. Small proportions were not working with full-time caring responsibilities (5%) and not working with part-time caring responsibilities (1%).

As shown in Figure 43, pharmacists with caring responsibilities were more commonly working full-time (56%) than pharmacy technicians (52%). A larger proportion of pharmacy technicians with caring responsibilities were working part-time than pharmacists (42% compared with 35%).

Figure 43 – Working or not with caring responsibilities overall and by registrant type Base: Those who had caring responsibilities (8,932)

Pharmacy Caring responsibilities Overall Pharmacist technician Not working with full-time 5% 5% 4% caring responsibilities Not working with part-time 1% 1% 1% caring responsibilities Working part-time with caring 37% 35% 42% responsibilities Working full-time with caring 55% 56% 52% responsibilities Other 2% 2% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 8,932 6,379 2,553

Pharmacists Figure 44 summarises the differences between sex and age group regarding whether pharmacists had caring responsibilities and whether or not they were working with these responsibilities. As shown, females more commonly had caring responsibilities than males (50% compared with 46%), and out of all the age groups, those aged 35-44 were most likely to have caring responsibilities (72%). By comparison, only 8% of those aged 16-24 had caring responsibilities.

Female pharmacists with caring responsibilities more commonly worked part-time than males (48% compared with 13%) or were not working with full-time caring responsibilities (8% compared with 1%). Males on the other hand were much more likely than females to be working full-time with caring responsibilities (84% compared with 41%). By age, those aged 25-34 with caring responsibilities were more likely to not be working full-time (12%) than other age groups (1% to 8%). The likelihood of working part-time with caring responsibilities increased by age from 14% of 16-24 year olds (although note the low base size) to 59% of those aged 65 and above. Working full-time with caring responsibilities, however, decreases with age, with 78% of 16-24 year olds working full-time with caring responsibilities to only 28% of those aged 65 and above.

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Figure 44 – Pharmacists’ caring responsibilities by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136); Pharmacists who had caring responsibilities (6,379)

Caring Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities Caring responsibilities or not Yes 49% 46% 50% 8% 34% 72% 63% 38% 23% No 51% 54% 50% 92% 66% 28% 37% 62% 77% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336 Working or not with caring responsibilities Not working with full-time caring 5% 1% 8% 8% 12% 4% 1% 1% 4% responsibilities Not working with part-time caring 1% 1% 2% - 2% 1% 1% 1% 6% responsibilities Working part- time with caring 35% 13% 48% 14% 26% 37% 40% 42% 59% responsibilities Working full- time with caring 56% 84% 41% 78% 57% 57% 57% 52% 28% responsibilities Other 2% 1% 2% - 4% 1% 1% 1% 3% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 6,379 2,314 4,062 32 1,674 2,557 1,467 573 76

As shown in Figure 45, pharmacists from a Black background more commonly had caring responsibilities (59%) than those from other races/ethnicities (42% to 56%). By comparison, those who were from a White British or White other background less commonly had caring responsibilities (46% and 42% respectively).

Amongst those who had caring responsibilities, pharmacists from a Black background were most commonly working full-time (72%), whereas those from a White British background were most frequently working part-time (47%).

Figure 45 – Pharmacists’ caring responsibilities by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136); Pharmacists who had caring responsibilities (6,379)

White White Caring responsibilities Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Caring responsibilities Yes 49% 46% 42% 49% 49% 59% 56% No 51% 54% 58% 51% 51% 41% 44% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306 Working with caring responsibilities Not working with full-time 5% 4% 7% 3% 6% 5% 7% caring responsibilities Not working with part- time caring 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% responsibilities

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White White Caring responsibilities Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Working part-time with 35% 47% 29% 30% 31% 19% 33% caring responsibilities Working full-time with 56% 47% 62% 61% 60% 72% 57% caring responsibilities Other 2% 1% 1% 5% 2% 2% <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 6,379 2,320 383 74 2,284 486 170

By home location, pharmacists in Wales more commonly had caring responsibilities (52%) than those from other locations (45% to 49%), as shown in Figure 46.

Amongst pharmacists who had caring responsibilities, those from Scotland were most commonly working part-time (48%) and least commonly working full-time with caring responsibilities (44%).

Figure 46 – Pharmacists’ caring responsibilities by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136); Pharmacists who had caring responsibilities (6,379)

England Caring responsibilities Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Caring responsibilities Yes 49% 49% 47% 52% 45% No 51% 51% 53% 48% 55% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779 Working with caring responsibilities Not working with full-time 5% 5% 6% 5% 7% caring responsibilities Not working with part-time 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 2% caring responsibilities Working part-time with 35% 34% 48% 35% 28% caring responsibilities Working full-time with caring 56% 57% 44% 57% 61% responsibilities Other 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 6,379 5,278 563 307 802

Pharmacy technicians Figure 47 summarises the differences by sex and age amongst pharmacy technicians. As shown, those aged 35-44 more commonly had caring responsibilities (67%) than those from other age groups (12% to 47%). By contrast, only 12% of those aged 16-24 had caring responsibilities. There were no differences by sex however.

As seen with pharmacists, females more commonly worked part-time with caring responsibilities than males (47% compared with 7%). When looking at the results for working status with caring responsibilities by age, the 16-24 and the 65+ groups have been removed from the analysis as the base sizes are so small. Those in the 25-34 age group were more commonly not working with full-time caring responsibilities (11%) than other age groups (<0.5% to 3%) and less commonly worked part-time (38% compared with 43% to 48%).

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Figure 47 – Pharmacy technicians’ caring responsibilities by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258); Pharmacy technicians who had caring responsibilities (2,553)

Caring Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities Caring responsibilities Yes 49% 50% 48% 12% 45% 67% 47% 32% 24% No 51% 50% 52% 88% 55% 33% 53% 68% 76% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50 Working with caring responsibilities Not working with full- time caring 4% 1% 5% *** 11% 3% <0.5% 1% *** responsibilities Not working with part-time caring 1% <0.5% 1% *** 1% <0.5% 1% 1% *** responsibilities Working part-time with caring 42% 7% 47% *** 38% 44% 43% 48% *** responsibilities Working full-time with caring 52% 91% 46% *** 47% 52% 56% 49% *** responsibilities Other 1% 1% 2% *** 4% 1% 1% 1% *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% *** 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 2,553 324 2,229 20 601 958 699 263 12

As shown in Figure 48, pharmacy technicians from an Asian background more commonly had caring responsibilities (63%) than those from other races/ethnicities (45% to 53%). By contrast, 45% of those from a White British background had caring responsibilities, the lowest of any race/ethnicity.

Those who were from Black and Asian backgrounds and had caring responsibilities were more commonly working full-time (77% and 66% respectively) than those from White British and White other backgrounds (47% and 54% respectively).

Figure 48 – Pharmacy technicians’ caring responsibilities by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258); Pharmacy technicians who had caring responsibilities (2,553)

White White Caring responsibilities Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Caring responsibilities Yes 49% 45% 53% 53% 63% 49% 53% No 51% 55% 47% 47% 37% 51% 47% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30 Working with caring responsibilities Not working with full-time 4% 4% 4% *** 6% 4% *** caring responsibilities Not working with part- time caring 1% <0.5% 1% *** 1% - *** responsibilities

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White White Caring responsibilities Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Working part-time with 42% 48% 39% *** 25% 18% *** caring responsibilities Working full-time with 52% 47% 54% *** 66% 77% *** caring responsibilities Other 1% 1% 2% *** 2% - *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% *** 100% 100% *** Base 2,553 1,823 76 27 448 63 16

As shown in Figure 49, the proportions of pharmacy technicians who had caring responsibilities were similar in England (49%), Wales (49%) and London (52%). A smaller proportion of those living in Scotland had caring responsibilities (45%).

Those living in London with caring responsibilities less commonly worked part-time (20%) than those living in other locations (42% to 49%) and more commonly worked full-time (72% compared with 46% to 54%).

Figure 49 – Pharmacy technicians’ caring responsibilities by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258); Pharmacy technicians who had caring responsibilities (2,553)

England (inc. Caring responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Caring responsibilities Yes 49% 49% 45% 49% 52% No 51% 51% 55% 51% 48% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413 Working with caring responsibilities Not working with full-time 4% 4% 1% 4% 5% caring responsibilities Not working with part-time 1% 1% - <0.5% 2% caring responsibilities Working part-time with 42% 42% 43% 49% 20% caring responsibilities Working full-time with caring 52% 51% 54% 46% 72% responsibilities Other 1% 1% 2% - 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,553 2,100 260 155 213

3.5 Work-life balance Overall Registrants who were in paid pharmacy work in Great Britain (including those who were temporarily away from work) were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their work-life balance, choosing from a scale of ‘very satisfied’ to ‘very dissatisfied’. As shown in Figure 50, 54% were satisfied (combining ‘very satisfied’ and ‘satisfied’), but more than a quarter were not (28%). Levels of dissatisfaction with work-life balance was higher amongst pharmacists (31%) than amongst pharmacy technicians (18%).

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Figure 50 – Satisfaction with work-life balance by registrant type Base: Those who were in work (17,697)

64% 54% 50%

31% 28% 18% 18% 18% 18%

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists As shown in Figure 51, male pharmacists were more commonly dissatisfied with their work- life balance than females (36% compared with 29%). Satisfaction increased by age, with those aged 16-24 and 25-34 being less likely to be satisfied (48% and 47% respectively) and those aged 55-64 and 65 and above being more likely to be satisfied (54% and 69% respectively).

Figure 51 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who were in work (12,501)

Satisfaction with work-life Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ balance Satisfied 50% 44% 54% 48% 47% 50% 52% 54% 69% Neither satisfied 18% 20% 17% 23% 20% 17% 18% 18% 15% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 31% 36% 29% 29% 33% 33% 31% 29% 16% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,501 4,737 7,758 399 4,707 3,397 2,242 1,448 307

By race/ethnicity, pharmacists from a White British background were more satisfied with their work-life balance (61%) and less dissatisfied (26%) than those from other races/ethnicities, as shown in Figure 52.

Figure 52 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists who were in work (12,501)

Satisfaction with White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other work-life balance British other Satisfied 50% 61% 48% 51% 44% 43% 47% Neither satisfied nor 18% 13% 21% 14% 21% 26% 22% dissatisfied

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Satisfaction with White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other work-life balance British other Dissatisfied 31% 26% 32% 34% 35% 31% 31% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,501 4,954 843 142 4,347 781 283

Figure 53 summarises the difference in work-life balance satisfaction by home location. As shown, pharmacists from London (35%) and England (33%) were more dissatisfied than those from Scotland and Wales (26% and 32%). Pharmacists from Scotland were most satisfied with their work-life balance (61%).

Figure 53 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by home location Base: Pharmacists who were in work (12,501)

Satisfaction with England (inc. Overall Scotland Wales London only work-life balance London) Satisfied 50% 48% 61% 52% 45% Neither satisfied nor 18% 19% 14% 17% 20% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 31% 33% 26% 32% 35% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,501 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

A larger proportion of pharmacists working in community settings only indicated they were dissatisfied with their work-life balance (38%) than those working in any other setting (14% to 28%). Those working in a primary care setting only or other settings only were more satisfied with their work-life balance (71% and 69% respectively). This is summarised in Figure 54, where we have used a breakdown of settings that includes those working in community pharmacy only, secondary care pharmacy only, primary care only and other settings only. Registrants who worked in multiple settings have been grouped together as there was a great range of combinations, which cannot all be reported and which listing separately would cause complications in the analysis.

Figure 54 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists who were in work (12,501)

Satisfaction with Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Overall work-life balance only care only care only settings settings Satisfied 50% 42% 54% 71% 69% 57% Neither satisfied nor 18% 19% 18% 15% 14% 17% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 31% 38% 28% 14% 17% 26% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,501 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Pharmacy technicians Amongst pharmacy technicians, females were more satisfied with their work-life balance (65%) than males (55%). Satisfaction with work-life balance was similar for all age groups, with the exception of those aged 65 and above who reported much higher satisfaction than other age groups (76%), although it is worth noting that the base size for the age group is much lower than other age groups. Figure 55 summarises the differences by sex and age.

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Figure 55 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians who were in work (5,196)

Satisfaction with work-life Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ balance Satisfied 64% 55% 65% 65% 62% 63% 65% 66% 76% Neither satisfied 18% 23% 17% 16% 19% 18% 18% 18% 15% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 18% 22% 18% 19% 19% 20% 18% 16% 9% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,196 642 4,553 156 1,319 1,403 1,461 808 48

By race/ethnicity, those from White British, Asian and Black backgrounds were more satisfied with their work-life balance (65%, 63% and 62% respectively) than those from White other and Mixed backgrounds (60% and 53% respectively). This is summarised in Figure 56.

Figure 56 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians who were in work (5,196)

Satisfaction with White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other work-life balance British other Satisfied 64% 65% 60% 53% 63% 62% *** Neither satisfied nor 18% 16% 21% 26% 23% 23% *** dissatisfied Dissatisfied 18% 19% 19% 21% 14% 15% *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 5,196 3,983 142 51 690 126 28

By location, similar proportions of pharmacy technicians living in England, Scotland and Wales were satisfied with their work-life balance (63% to 67%), but those living in London were less satisfied (55%), which was driven by 26% who were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, as shown in Figure 57.

Figure 57 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians who were in work (5,196)

Satisfaction with work- England (inc. Overall Scotland Wales London only life balance London) Satisfied 64% 63% 67% 66% 55% Neither satisfied nor 18% 18% 17% 18% 26% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 18% 19% 16% 16% 20% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,196 4,173 566 313 481

As seen amongst pharmacists, pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting only in their main job reported the highest levels of satisfaction with their work-life balance (76%), as shown in Figure 58. Six in ten pharmacy technicians working in a community setting only were satisfied (63%), which was much higher than amongst pharmacists working in a community setting only (42%).

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Figure 58 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians who were in work (5,196)

Satisfaction with Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Overall work-life balance only care only care only settings settings Satisfied 64% 63% 62% 76% 68% 64% Neither satisfied nor 18% 18% 18% 12% 17% 24% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 18% 19% 20% 12% 15% 13% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,196 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

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4. Current pharmacy related jobs

Key findings

• 77% of pharmacists had one pharmacy related job, 11% had two and 2% had three. By contrast, 93% of pharmacy technicians had one pharmacy related job and 4% had two.

• ‘Pharmacist’ (35%), followed by ‘Pharmacist Manager’ (22%) and ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’ (18%) were the most common job titles amongst pharmacists in their main jobs.

• ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (44%), followed by ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (38%) were the most common job titles for pharmacy technicians in their main jobs.

• 61% of pharmacists worked in a community setting in their main job, most commonly in a large multiple pharmacy chain (36%). A further 22% worked in an independent pharmacy.

• 44% of pharmacy technicians worked in a community setting in their main job, most commonly in a large multiple chain (24%). A further 12% worked in an independent pharmacy.

• Just over a fifth (22%) of pharmacists and 41% of pharmacy technicians worked in a secondary care setting in their main job.

• 11% of pharmacists and 9% of pharmacy technicians worked in a primary care setting in their main job.

• 4% of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians worked in two or more settings in their main job. A further 1% of pharmacists and <0.5% of pharmacy technicians worked in three or more.

• Pharmacists worked around 36 hours in a typical week on average in their main job, more than pharmacy technicians who worked around 33 hours on average.

• On average, pharmacists worked around 38 hours across all pharmacy related jobs in a typical week, whilst pharmacy technicians worked around 34 hours on average.

• 77% of pharmacists and 75% of pharmacy technicians worked full-time in their main job.

• 23% of pharmacists and 25% of pharmacy technicians worked part-time in their main job.

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• 76% of pharmacists said they were employees in their main job, 6% were business owners and 14% were locums. By contrast, 97% of pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job and 2% were locums.

• 70% of pharmacists were patient facing in their main role all or most of the time. By contrast, just over half (53%) of pharmacy technicians were patient facing all or most of the time.

• ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the most common main responsibility amongst pharmacists in their main job (61%). The second most common was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (51%).

• Pharmacy technicians’ most common main responsibility was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (61%), followed by ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (44%).

• 60% of pharmacists were satisfied in their main job, whereas 74% of pharmacy technicians were.

• Amongst pharmacists, 14% had two or more jobs and these were more likely to be in a community setting (57%). By contrast, only 4% of pharmacy technicians had two or more jobs.

• Just 3% of pharmacists had a third job and <0.5% of pharmacy technicians had one. 4.1 Number of jobs held Overall Registrants were asked how many paid pharmacy related jobs they currently held in Great Britain and were able to provide details of up to three jobs. Registrants who had previously said they were not employed, in full-time education, working abroad/outside of Great Britain or only had a paid non-pharmacy related job were not asked this question and instead were categorised as having no current paid pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain and are included in the ‘0’ rows of the figures in this section.

Overall, 82% of registrants indicated that they currently held one job and a further 9% held two, whilst 7% did not hold any pharmacy related jobs. Figure 59 below summarises the responses at an overall level and by registrant type and prescribing status. As can be seen, a larger proportion of pharmacy technicians had one job (93%) than pharmacists (77%), whereas a larger proportion of pharmacists had two (11% compared with 4%). One in five prescribers (20%) said they had two current pharmacy related jobs and 72% had one job.

Figure 59 – Number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by registrant type and prescribing status Base: All (18,394)

Pharmacy Number of jobs Overall Pharmacist Prescriber35 technician 0 7% 9% 3% 3%

35 Prescribers are also included within the figures for pharmacists in this table, as well as throughout the report.

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Pharmacy Number of jobs Overall Pharmacist Prescriber35 technician 1 82% 77% 93% 72% 2 9% 11% 4% 20% 3 1% 2% <0.5% 4% 4 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258 2,235

Pharmacists Figure 60 summarises the number of pharmacy related jobs pharmacists had by year of registration. A smaller proportion of pharmacists who had registered since 2016 had two pharmacy related jobs (9%), particularly compared to those who had registered between 2010 and 2015 (13%), the same proportion as those who had registered before 1979. Those who had registered before 1979 were more likely to not have any pharmacy related job (13%) compared to other age groups (6% to 10%).

Figure 60 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by year of registration Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Number of Before 2016 or Overall 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2015 jobs 1979 after 0 9% 13% 9% 6% 7% 9% 10% 1 77% 69% 77% 79% 79% 76% 79% 2 11% 13% 11% 12% 11% 13% 9% 3 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 4 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 5 or more <0.5% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 545 1,638 2,018 3,433 3,591 1,911

Figure 61 summarises the number of jobs amongst pharmacists by sex and age. As can be seen, the number of jobs held was similar between males and females. By age group, those aged 16-24 more commonly had one pharmacy related job (85%) than other age groups (68% to 79%), and less commonly had two (7% compared with 11% to 13%).

Figure 61 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Number of Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ jobs 0 9% 9% 8% 6% 10% 7% 6% 9% 15% 1 77% 75% 79% 85% 76% 79% 78% 76% 68% 2 11% 13% 11% 7% 12% 11% 13% 12% 12% 3 2% 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 4% 4 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 5 or more <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

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As can be seen in Figure 62, a larger proportion of pharmacists in London did not hold any pharmacy jobs (10%) compared with those in other locations (3% to 6%) and had the smallest proportion with one job (75%). Pharmacists in Scotland and Wales were more likely to have one job (84% and 83% respectively) compared with England (79%) and London (75%).

Figure 62 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Number of jobs Overall Scotland Wales London only London) 0 9% 6% 3% 5% 10% 1 77% 79% 84% 83% 75% 2 11% 12% 11% 10% 12% 3 2% 2% 1% 2% 3% 4 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 5 or more <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

As can be seen in Figure 63, pharmacists from a Black background more commonly had two jobs (15%) than other races/ethnicities (8% to 12%), whilst those from a White British background were more likely to have one (82%) compared to other races/ethnicities (72% to 76%).

Figure 63 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Number of jobs Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other 0 9% 5% 12% 12% 11% 8% 12% 1 77% 82% 76% 76% 74% 74% 72% 2 11% 11% 10% 8% 12% 15% 11% 3 2% 2% 1% 4% 2% 2% 3% 4 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% 1% - <0.5% 1% 2% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Figure 64 summarises the number of pharmacy related jobs held by pharmacists in Great Britain by setting of their main job. As can be seen, those working in a community setting only (88%) and in a secondary care setting only (89%) in their main job were more likely to hold just one pharmacy related job compared with those working in any other setting (68% to 77%), whilst those working in primary care settings only and in multiple settings in their main job were more likely to have two jobs (26% and 22% respectively).

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Figure 64 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Number of Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Overall jobs only care only care only settings settings 0 9% - - - - - 1 77% 88% 89% 68% 77% 71% 2 11% 10% 10% 26% 19% 22% 3 2% 2% 1% 5% 3% 5% 4 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 5 or more <0.5% 1% - <0.5% <0.5% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 65 there was little difference in the number of current pharmacy related jobs held by pharmacy technicians by year of registration.

Figure 65 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

2016 or Number of jobs Overall 2010-2015 after 0 3% 4% 2% 1 93% 92% 94% 2 4% 4% 3% 3 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 4 <0.5% <0.5% - 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,165 1,093

Figure 66 summarises the differences by sex and age group. As can be seen, a larger proportion of females had one job than males (93% compared with 88%). There was little difference by age group, but those aged 65 and above were more likely to not have a paid pharmacy job (11%) compared with other age groups (2% to 4%).

Figure 66 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Number of Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ jobs 0 3% 4% 3% 3% 4% 3% 2% 4% 11% 1 93% 88% 93% 95% 92% 92% 94% 93% 87% 2 4% 7% 3% 1% 4% 5% 4% 2% 1% 3 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 4 <0.5% <0.5% - - - <0.5% - - - 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

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Number of Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ jobs Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

As can be seen in Figure 67, as with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians living in Scotland and Wales more commonly held one current pharmacy related job (both 95%) than those living in London (87%). London had the largest proportion who had no pharmacy related jobs (5%) out of all the locations, the smallest proportion with one job (87%) and the largest proportion with two jobs (6%).

Figure 67 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England (inc. Number of jobs Overall Scotland Wales London only London) 0 3% 3% 1% 2% 5% 1 93% 92% 95% 95% 87% 2 4% 4% 3% 2% 6% 3 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 4 <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

As can be seen in Figure 68, pharmacy technicians from a Black background were less likely to have one pharmacy related job (85%) than those from a White British background (94%), White other background (92%) and a Mixed background (90%). This was largely because one in ten (11%) of those from a Black background held two pharmacy related jobs, which was higher than those from other races/ethnicities (3% to 7%).

Figure 68 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

White White Number of jobs Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other 0 3% 3% 4% 3% 6% 3% 7% 1 93% 94% 92% 90% 88% 85% 82% 2 4% 3% 4% 7% 5% 11% 6% 3 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 1% 1% 2% 4 <0.5% - - - <0.5% - - 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% 1% 3% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

Figure 69 summarises the number of pharmacy related jobs held by pharmacy technicians in Great Britain by setting of their main job. As with pharmacists, those working in a community setting only (98%) and in secondary care only (96%) in their main job were more likely to hold just one pharmacy related job compared with those working in any other setting (84% to 93%). A larger proportion of those working across multiple settings in their main job held two jobs (14%) than those working in any other setting (2% to 9%).

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Figure 69 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Number of Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Overall jobs only care only care only settings settings 0 3% - - - - - 1 93% 98% 96% 93% 89% 84% 2 4% 2% 3% 6% 9% 14% 3 <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% 2% 4 <0.5% - - - <0.5% - 5 or more <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

4.2 Job titles in main job Overall Registrants were asked to focus on what they considered to be their main job and identify their job title from a list that was presented to them. They were able to choose as many job titles as were applicable.

Pharmacists Amongst pharmacists, the most common job title given for their main job was ‘Pharmacist’ (35%) and the second most common was ‘Pharmacist Manager’ (22%). Just under a fifth (18%) identified their job title as ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’ and one in ten (11%) ‘Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist’. The full list of job titles amongst pharmacists is shown in Figure 70.

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Figure 70 – Pharmacists’ job titles in main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016) Pharmacist 35%

Pharmacist Manager 22%

Locum Pharmacist (community) 18%

Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist 11%

Specialist Clinical Pharmacist 7%

Relief Pharmacist 7%

Superintendent Pharmacist 6%

Practice Pharmacist 6%

Medicines Optimisation Pharmacist 4%

Training / Education / Development Pharmacist 3%

Chief Pharmacist / Director of Pharmacy 2%

Foundation / Junior Clinical Pharmacist 2%

Academic Pharmacist / Researcher 2%

Locum Pharmacist (hospital) 1% Sterile / non-sterile Manufacturing or Quality Assurance Pharmacist 1% Industrial Pharmacist 1%

Medicines Information Pharmacist 1%

Clinical Trials Pharmacist 1%

Pharmaceutical Scientist / Researcher <0.5%0%

Other pharmacist 4%

The most common ‘other’ responses included ‘consultant’ and ‘consultant pharmacist’, ‘regulation’, and ‘prescribing pharmacist / advanced practitioner’, amongst others. For the full list see the appendices.

Figure 71 summarises the differences for the ten most common job titles between settings in main jobs amongst pharmacists. As can be seen, the most common job title for pharmacists working in community settings only was ‘Pharmacist’ (40%), whereas for those working in secondary care settings only ‘Pharmacist’ and ‘Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist’ were most common (both 36%). Amongst those working only in a primary care setting, however, the most common was ‘Practice Pharmacist’, chosen by 63%. Those working in a community setting only were more likely to identify their job title as ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’, ‘relief pharmacist’ and ‘superintendent pharmacist’ (27%, 11% and 10% respectively) than those working in any other setting.

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Figure 71 – Pharmacists’ job titles by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Job title Overall only care only care only settings settings Pharmacist 35% 40% 36% 18% 12% 34% Pharmacist Manager 22% 34% 5% 1% 3% 9% Locum Pharmacist 18% 27% 3% 3% 2% 18% (community) Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical 11% <0.5% 36% 17% 9% 23% Pharmacist Specialist Clinical 7% <0.5% 28% 9% 2% 12% Pharmacist Relief Pharmacist 7% 11% 0.5% 1% 0.5% 5% Superintendent 6% 10% 1% 1% 1% 4% Pharmacist Practice Pharmacist 6% 1% 0.5% 63% 1% 14% Other Pharmacist 4% 1% 4% 5% 23% 12% Medicines Optimisation 4% <0.5% 2% 11% 17% 17% Pharmacist Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Figure 72 summarises differences in the top ten job titles by pharmacists’ route to register. As can be seen, those who registered via the EEA and Overseas routes more commonly said that they were a ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’ (21% and 24% respectively) than their UK counterparts (17%).

Figure 72 – Pharmacists’ job titles by route to register Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Job title Overall UK EEA Overseas Pharmacist 35% 35% 37% 32% Pharmacist Manager 22% 21% 25% 26% Locum Pharmacist (community) 18% 17% 21% 24% Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical 11% 11% 3% 8% Pharmacist Specialist Clinical Pharmacist 7% 8% 6% 4% Relief Pharmacist 7% 7% 10% 7% Superintendent Pharmacist 6% 6% 4% 8% Practice Pharmacist 6% 6% 3% 6% Other Pharmacist 4% 4% 3% 3% Medicines Optimisation Pharmacist 4% 4% 2% 3% Base 12,016 10,674 595 747

Respondents were asked whether their main job was patient facing or not and were able to select whether they were patient facing all or most of the time, some of the time, occasionally, or rarely or never. Those who said they were patient facing at least occasionally were classified as ‘patient facing’ and those who were rarely or never patient facing were classified as ‘not patient facing’.

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As shown in Figure 73, pharmacists who classified themselves as patient facing were more likely than their non-patient facing colleagues to identify as ‘Pharmacist’ (37% compared with 17%), ‘Pharmacist Manager’ (24% compared with 7%) and ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’ (19% compared with 3%). Pharmacists who classified their main job as non-patient facing were more likely to be a ‘Medicines Optimisation Pharmacist’ (12% compared with 3%). One in five of those who were non-patient facing specified their job title as ‘Other pharmacist’ (20%), which was higher than those who were patient facing (2%).

Figure 73 – Pharmacists’ job titles by whether patient facing Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Non-patient Job title Overall Patient facing facing Pharmacist 35% 37% 17% Pharmacist Manager 22% 24% 7% Locum Pharmacist (community) 18% 19% 3% Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist 11% 11% 10% Specialist Clinical Pharmacist 7% 8% 2% Relief Pharmacist 7% 8% <0.5% Superintendent Pharmacist 6% 7% 4% Practice Pharmacist 6% 7% 3% Other Pharmacist 4% 2% 20% Medicines Optimisation Pharmacist 4% 3% 12% Base 12,016 10,673 1,343

Pharmacy technicians For pharmacy technicians, the most common job title given for their main job was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (44%) and the second most common was ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (38%). The full list of job titles provided by pharmacy technicians is shown in Figure 74.

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Figure 74 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles in main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Pharmacy Technician 44%

Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician 38%

Senior Pharmacy Technician 17%

Medicines Management / Ward-based 15% Pharmacy Technician

Manager / Team Leader 14%

Dispensing Pharmacy Technician 14%

Medicines Optimisation Pharmacy 8% Technician Training / Education / Development 6% Pharmacy Technician Sterile / non-sterile Manufacturing or 4% Quality Assurance Pharmacy Technician

Clinical Trials Pharmacy Technician 3%

Prescribing Support Pharmacy Technician 3%

Practice Pharmacy Technician 2%

Locum Pharmacy Technician 2%

Medicines Information Pharmacy 1% Technician

Quality Assurance Pharmacy Technician 1%

Other Pharmacy Technician 5%

The most common ‘other’ responses included ‘quality control / quality assurance manager’, and ‘chief pharmacy technician’, amongst others. For the full list see the appendices.

Figure 75 summarises the differences for the ten most common job titles between settings in main jobs amongst pharmacy technicians. As can be seen, the most common job title for pharmacy technicians working in community settings only was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (51%), followed by Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician (46%). These were also both the most common amongst those working in a secondary care setting in their main job (39% and 40% respectively). A further 34% of pharmacy technicians working in a secondary care setting only selected their job title as ‘Medicines Management / Ward-based Pharmacy Technician’. For those working in a primary care setting only the most common job title was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (33%) followed by ‘Medicines Optimisation Pharmacy Technician’ (19%).

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Figure 75 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Job title Overall only care only care only settings settings Pharmacy Technician 44% 51% 39% 33% 39% 36% Accuracy Checking 38% 46% 40% 14% 10% 30% Pharmacy Technician Senior Pharmacy 17% 5% 29% 17% 13% 26% Technician Medicines Management / Ward-based Pharmacy 15% - 34% 10% 9% 17% Technician Manager / Team leader 14% 10% 21% 13% 12% 12% Dispensing Pharmacy 14% 16% 14% 10% 6% 16% Technician Medicines Optimisation 8% - 10% 19% 22% 29% Pharmacy Technician Training / Education / Development Pharmacy 6% 1% 9% 3% 13% 16% Technician Other Pharmacy 5% 1% 7% 7% 13% 16% Technician Sterile/non-sterile Manufacturing or Quality 4% - 9% - 4% 4% Assurance Pharmacy Technician Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

Figure 76 summarises the top ten job titles for pharmacy technicians by route to register. Pharmacy technicians who grandparented via the UK were more likely than their UK registered counterparts to identify as an ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (43% compared with 31%), as a ‘Senior Pharmacy Technician’ (20% compared with 12%) and as a ‘Manager / Team leader’ (17% compared with 10%). Those who registered via the UK more commonly identified their job title as ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (60%) than those who registered via other routes (32% to 47%).

Figure 76 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles by route to register36 Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Grand- Grand- Job title Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Pharmacy Technician 44% 34% 60% 47% 32% Accuracy Checking Pharmacy 38% 43% 31% 28% 32% Technician Senior Pharmacy Technician 17% 20% 12% 13% 9% Medicines Management / Ward-based Pharmacy 15% 16% 14% 17% 11% Technician Manager / Team leader 14% 17% 10% 12% 15%

36 The ‘overseas plus UK’ route to register has been omitted as the base size for respondents that this was applicable to is so small.

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Grand- Grand- Job title Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Dispensing Pharmacy 14% 12% 17% 21% 7% Technician Medicines Optimisation 8% 8% 7% 13% 12% Pharmacy Technician Training / Education / Development Pharmacy 6% 8% 3% 2% 5% Technician Other Pharmacy Technician 5% 6% 4% 11% 6% Sterile/non-sterile Manufacturing or Quality 4% 4% 4% 6% 8% Assurance Pharmacy Technician Base 5,084 3,027 1,925 93 38

When looking at job titles by whether pharmacy technicians are patient facing or not, it is apparent that, in comparison with those in non-patient facing roles, pharmacy technicians in patient facing roles more commonly identified as a ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (47% compared with 26%), ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (41% compared with 21%), ‘Medicines Management / Ward-based Pharmacy Technician’ (17% compared with 2%) and ‘Dispensing Pharmacy Technician’ (16% compared with 3%). Those who were non-patient facing, however, were more likely to identify their job titles as ‘Manager / Team leader’ (22%), Training / Education / Development Pharmacy Technician (12%), ‘Other Pharmacy Technician’ (15%) and ‘Sterile/non-sterile Manufacturing or Quality Assurance Pharmacy Technician’ (14%). This is summarised in Figure 77.

Figure 77 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles by whether patient facing Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Patient Non patient Job title Overall facing facing Pharmacy Technician 44% 47% 26% Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician 38% 41% 21% Senior Pharmacy Technician 17% 16% 20% Medicines Management / Ward-based 15% 17% 2% Pharmacy Technician Manager / Team leader 14% 13% 22% Dispensing Pharmacy Technician 14% 16% 3% Medicines Optimisation Pharmacy Technician 8% 8% 9% Training / Education / Development Pharmacy 6% 5% 12% Technician Other Pharmacy Technician 5% 4% 15% Sterile/non-sterile Manufacturing or Quality 4% 2% 14% Assurance Pharmacy Technician Base 5,084 4,307 777

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4.3 Location of main job Overall Registrants were asked the location of their main job, choosing from a list of countries in Great Britain and then follow-up lists showing counties in England and areas in Scotland and Wales. The figure below shows the responses at an overall registrant level and by registrant type. For the purposes of analysis, counties in England have been grouped into regions and Scotland and Wales have been classified as standalone regions of Great Britain.

As shown in Figure 78, the most common regions where main jobs were located at an overall registrant level were London (13%), the South East (13%) and the West Midlands (13%). Pharmacists were more likely to work in their main job in London than pharmacy technicians (14% compared with 9%). Prescribers were more common in Scotland (17%) than in other locations.

Figure 78 – Location of main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Region Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician England 84% 85% 82% 78% East 9% 9% 8% 6% East Midlands 5% 5% 5% 4% London 13% 14% 9% 12% North East 4% 4% 4% 4% North West 11% 11% 10% 12% South East 13% 13% 12% 10% South West 8% 8% 8% 8% West Midlands 13% 13% 13% 13% Yorkshire & Humber 10% 9% 11% 9% Scotland 10% 10% 11% 17% Wales 5% 5% 6% 5% No fixed place 1% 1% 1% <0.5% Base 17,100 12,016 5,084 2,158

Pharmacists Figure 79 summarises the regions of pharmacists’ main jobs by age and sex. As shown below, those aged 16-24 more commonly worked in Scotland (18%) in comparison to other age groups (4% to 11%). A fifth (19%) of those aged 65 and above worked in London, which was a larger proportion than any other age group (10% to 16%). As shown, there was little difference between males and females.

Figure 79 – Location of main job amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Region Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ England 85% 87% 83% 79% 87% 84% 84% 83% 87% East 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 14% East 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 4% 4% 4% 3% Midlands London 14% 14% 14% 12% 16% 13% 10% 14% 19% North East 4% 4% 4% 3% 4% 4% 4% 3% 1%

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Region Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ North West 11% 11% 10% 9% 12% 11% 9% 9% 8% South East 13% 12% 14% 10% 12% 13% 15% 15% 15% South West 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 8% 9% 8% 9% West 13% 13% 12% 12% 13% 13% 13% 12% 12% Midlands Yorkshire & 9% 10% 9% 12% 9% 10% 10% 8% 7% Humber Scotland 10% 7% 11% 18% 8% 11% 11% 10% 4% Wales 5% 5% 5% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% No fixed place 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

Figure 80 summarises the differences in location by race/ethnicity. As shown, pharmacists from a White British background less commonly worked in London (4%) than those from other races/ethnicities (14% to 30%). There is also a tendency for those from Mixed (14%), Asian (12%) and Black backgrounds (13%) to work in the East of England more so than those from a White British background (6%). A fifth (19%) of pharmacists from a White British background worked in Scotland, which was a larger proportion than any other race/ethnicity (2% to 9%). Pharmacists from an Asian background more commonly worked in the West Midlands (17%) than those from other races/ethnicities (8% to 11%).

Figure 80 – Location of main job amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

White White Region Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other England 85% 71% 88% 84% 96% 96% 92% East 9% 6% 9% 14% 12% 13% 11% East Midlands 5% 4% 3% 2% 7% 3% 3% London 14% 4% 14% 15% 21% 23% 30% North East 4% 5% 3% 4% 3% 4% 2% North West 11% 12% 9% 14% 10% 9% 11% South East 13% 10% 17% 11% 13% 22% 16% South West 8% 10% 16% 8% 4% 4% 5% West Midlands 13% 11% 7% 10% 17% 8% 9% Yorkshire & 9% 10% 9% 7% 9% 10% 6% Humber Scotland 10% 19% 8% 9% 2% 2% 3% Wales 5% 9% 3% 7% 1% 1% 4% No fixed place 1% 1% 1% - <0.5% 1% <0.5% Base 12,016 4,800 803 133 4,158 754 268

Figure 81 summarises the locations pharmacists worked in by the setting in which they worked in their main job. As shown, pharmacists working in a secondary care setting only or in other settings were more commonly located in London (19% and 20% respectively) than those working in any other setting (10% to 12%). A fifth of those working in a primary care setting only worked in Scotland (19%), which was higher than those working in any other setting (9% to 13%).

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Figure 81 – Location of main job amongst pharmacists by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Region Overall only care only care only settings settings England 85% 86% 87% 76% 86% 80% East 9% 9% 7% 8% 11% 9% East Midlands 5% 5% 4% 4% 5% 5% London 14% 12% 19% 10% 20% 11% North East 4% 4% 4% 4% 2% 4% North West 11% 10% 10% 13% 9% 11% South East 13% 13% 13% 10% 15% 13% South West 8% 8% 7% 10% 6% 7% West Midlands 13% 13% 12% 10% 11% 13% Yorkshire & 9% 10% 9% 7% 7% 7% Humber Scotland 10% 9% 9% 19% 9% 13% Wales 5% 5% 4% 5% 3% 6% No fixed place 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Pharmacy technicians Figure 82 shows the responses by sex and age amongst pharmacy technicians. As shown, a larger proportion of female pharmacy technicians worked in Scotland (12%) than males (6%), whereas males more commonly worked in London (21% compared with 8%). Pharmacy technicians aged 16-24 more commonly worked in West Midlands (18%) and in Yorkshire and Humber (16%) than other age groups.

Figure 82 – Location of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Region Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ England 82% 89% 81% 96% 84% 82% 80% 81% 75% East 8% 9% 8% 8% 7% 10% 6% 8% 11% East 5% 4% 5% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 2% Midlands London 9% 21% 8% 13% 9% 13% 8% 7% 7% North East 4% 5% 4% 7% 4% 4% 5% 4% 5% North West 10% 8% 11% 12% 9% 9% 11% 12% 6% South East 12% 13% 12% 13% 14% 12% 11% 11% 13% South West 8% 7% 8% 4% 10% 7% 8% 8% 10% West 13% 12% 14% 18% 14% 11% 14% 14% 13% Midlands Yorkshire & 11% 10% 12% 16% 11% 11% 11% 12% 8% Humber Scotland 11% 6% 12% 3% 10% 11% 13% 12% 12% Wales 6% 4% 6% 2% 5% 6% 7% 6% 11% No fixed place 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 2% Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

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Figure 83 summarises the differences in location by race/ethnicity. As shown, pharmacy technicians from Black (57%), Mixed (34%), Asian (34%) and White other (19%) backgrounds more commonly worked in London than those from a White British background (2%). A fifth of pharmacy technicians from an Asian background worked in the West Midlands (20%), which was a larger proportion than any other race/ethnicity (4% to 13%) and pharmacy technicians from a White British background more commonly worked in Scotland (14%) than those from Mixed (6%), Asian (1%) and Black (1%) backgrounds.

Figure 83 – Location of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

White White Region Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other England 82% 78% 82% 88% 97% 98% 91% East 8% 8% 9% 4% 10% 5% *** East Midlands 5% 4% 4% 2% 8% 2% *** London 9% 2% 19% 34% 34% 57% *** North East 4% 5% 1% 3% 1% 3% *** North West 10% 12% 6% 8% 6% 4% *** South East 12% 12% 19% 21% 11% 8% *** South West 8% 10% 8% - 1% 1% *** West Midlands 13% 13% 9% 4% 20% 10% *** Yorkshire & 11% 12% 6% 13% 6% 8% *** Humber Scotland 11% 14% 11% 6% 1% 1% *** Wales 6% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1% *** No fixed place 1% <0.5% 3% 2% 1% - *** Base 5,084 3,902 139 49 667 124 27

Figure 84 summarises the locations pharmacy technicians worked in by the setting in which they worked in their main job. As shown, pharmacy technicians working in a secondary care setting only or in multiple settings were more commonly located in London (13% and 12% respectively) than those working in any other setting (7% to 9%). A fifth of those working in a primary care setting only worked in Scotland (20%), which was higher than those working in any other setting (6% to 13%). This was also seen with pharmacists in Figure 81.

Figure 84 – Location of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Region Overall only care only care only settings settings England 82% 79% 86% 73% 90% 84% East 8% 7% 8% 7% 12% 10% East Midlands 5% 5% 5% 4% 6% 5% London 9% 7% 13% 7% 9% 12% North East 4% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% North West 10% 10% 11% 6% 9% 9% South East 12% 11% 14% 13% 14% 11% South West 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% 10% West Midlands 13% 14% 13% 10% 14% 12%

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Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Region Overall only care only care only settings settings Yorkshire & 11% 12% 10% 14% 14% 12% Humber Scotland 11% 13% 9% 20% 6% 9% Wales 6% 8% 5% 7% 3% 6% No fixed place 1% 1% <0.5% - 1% <0.5% Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

4.4 Settings worked in main job Overall Registrants were asked to identify the settings in which they worked in their main job, choosing from a list of settings. They were able to choose more than one setting if applicable. Those working in community pharmacy, secondary care and primary care were asked follow-up questions to further identify where they worked in their main job. For in depth analysis of community, primary care and secondary care settings see chapters 6 to 8.

Figure 85 summarises the differences between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in the settings in which they had worked in their main job. As shown, a larger proportion of pharmacists worked in a community setting in their main job (61%) than pharmacy technicians (44%). On the other hand, a larger proportion of pharmacy technicians worked in a secondary care setting (41% compared with 22% of pharmacists). These findings are in line with the settings registrants said they had worked in during the last 12 months (section 3.1).

Figure 85 – Settings of main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Settings Overall Pharmacists technicians Community – all 56% 61% 44% Community pharmacy – independent 19% 22% 12% Community pharmacy – small to 12% 14% 8% medium chain Community pharmacy – large multiple 33% 36% 24% chain Community pharmacy – online only 1% 2% 1% pharmacy Primary care – all 10% 11% 9% Primary care – general practice 8% 9% 6% Primary care – urgent care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Primary care – Mental Health & <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Learning Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care home 1% 1% 1% Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% service Other primary care provider/ 1% 1% 1% organisation Secondary care – all 28% 22% 41%

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Pharmacy Settings Overall Pharmacists technicians Secondary care – hospital pharmacy 26% 20% 39% Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 2% 2% 3% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Service/Trust Secondary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 3% Healthcare commissioning organisation 4% 4% 4% Research, education or training 3% 3% 2% Pharmaceutical industry 2% 2% 1% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% 1% Other 2% 2% 1% Base 17,100 12,016 5,084

The most common ‘other’ responses included community health services (other primary care), homecare domiciliary (other primary care), specialist centres (other secondary care), specialist clinics (other), regulation (other), NHS organisations (other), digital healthcare (other) and consultancy (other), amongst others. For the full list see the appendices.

Figure 86 shows a summary of the settings worked in main jobs by registrants. As shown, a larger proportion of pharmacists worked in a community setting only in their main job (59%) compared with pharmacy technicians (43%). A larger proportion of pharmacy technicians worked in a secondary care setting only (38%) compared with pharmacists (20%).

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Figure 86 – Summary setting of main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

59% 54%

43% 38%

25% 20%

8% 8% 8% 9% 8% 6% 5% 5% 4%

Community only Secondary care Primary care only Other setting only Multiple settings only

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists Pharmacists’ main work setting varied by sex and age, as shown in Figure 87. A larger proportion of males worked in community pharmacy in their main job (72%) than females (55%). This was driven by a larger proportion of males working in independent pharmacy (33%) than females (15%) and in small to medium pharmacies (17% compared with 12%). A higher percentage of females worked in secondary care than males (26% compared with 15%), with a quarter (24%) of females working in a hospital setting compared with only 14% of males. Pharmacists aged 65 and above were more likely amongst the age groups to work in community pharmacy in their main job (80%). This was mostly in independent pharmacy, where half worked (51%), higher than other age groups. The proportion of pharmacists aged 65 and above that worked in large multiples was smaller (25%) than all other age groups (29% to 49%).

Those aged 65 and above less commonly worked in secondary care (6%) than other age groups (15% to 25%). In particular, those aged 16-24 and 25-34 most commonly worked in secondary care (both 25%) out of all of the age groups. Pharmacists aged 16-24 and 65 and above were less likely to work in primary care (4% and 3% respectively) than other age groups (7% to 13%).

Figure 87 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Community – all 61% 72% 55% 73% 62% 58% 57% 67% 80% Community pharmacy – 22% 33% 15% 25% 20% 19% 20% 33% 51% independent Community pharmacy – small 14% 17% 12% 26% 16% 11% 10% 14% 14% to medium chain Community pharmacy – large 36% 36% 36% 49% 40% 34% 34% 29% 25% multiple chain

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Community pharmacy – 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% online only pharmacy Primary care – all 11% 9% 12% 4% 10% 13% 12% 7% 3% Primary care – 9% 7% 10% 2% 9% 11% 10% 5% 3% general practice Primary care – urgent care <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% care home Primary care – online only <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 1% 1% 1% - 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% organisation Secondary care – all 22% 15% 26% 25% 25% 22% 21% 15% 6% Secondary care – hospital 20% 14% 24% 25% 24% 20% 19% 13% 6% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 2% 2% 3% <0.5% 2% 2% 3% 2% <0.5% Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Other secondary care provider/ <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% 1% 1% Healthcare commissioning 4% 3% 4% - 2% 5% 6% 4% 1% organisation Research, education 3% 3% 4% 1% 2% 4% 5% 5% 4% or training Pharmaceutical 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% industry

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Other 2% 2% 2% - 1% 2% 3% 5% 5% Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

As with age groups, there was some variation across settings worked in by year of registration. These are summarised in Figure 88. Those who had qualified since 2016 were more likely to work in a small to medium chain (23%) and a large multiple chain (47%) than other groups (9% to 15% and 25% to 41% respectively). At an overall level, 73% of pharmacists who had registered since 2016 worked in community pharmacy, which was higher than the majority of other groups (53% to 63%), with the exception of those who registered before 1979 (72%). Those who registered before 1979 were more commonly working in independent pharmacy (44%) than other groups (18% to 29%). Those who had registered before 1979 were also less commonly working in secondary care (10%) than other groups (16% to 24%). Those who had registered before 1979 and since 2016 were less likely to work in primary care in their main job (4% and 3% respectively) than others (9% to 14%).

Figure 88 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by year of registration Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Settings Overall 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after Community – all 61% 72% 61% 53% 57% 63% 73% Community pharmacy – 22% 44% 29% 20% 18% 20% 26% independent Community pharmacy – small 14% 14% 12% 9% 10% 15% 23% to medium chain Community pharmacy – large 36% 25% 28% 29% 35% 41% 47% multiple chain Community pharmacy – online 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% only pharmacy Primary care – all 11% 4% 9% 13% 14% 12% 3% Primary care – 9% 4% 7% 10% 12% 10% 3% general practice Primary care – urgent care <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/service Primary care – <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Learning Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% <0.5% 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% home Primary care – online only <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - prescribing service

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Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Settings Overall 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after Other primary care provider/ 1% <0.5% 1% 2% 1% 1% <0.5% organisation Secondary care – all 22% 10% 16% 22% 24% 23% 24% Secondary care – 20% 9% 15% 20% 22% 22% 23% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% 1% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 2% 1% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% hospice Other secondary care provider/ <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% Healthcare commissioning 4% 3% 6% 6% 4% 3% - organisation Research, education 3% 6% 5% 5% 4% 2% 1% or training Pharmaceutical 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% industry Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% Other 2% 6% 5% 3% 2% 1% <0.5% Base 12,016 472 1,497 1,895 3,181 3,259 1,712

As shown in Figure 89, pharmacists who worked in England and Wales in their main job were more likely to state that this was in a community setting (62% and 64% respectively) compared with Scotland (55%) and London (53%). In London, working in an independent pharmacy was more common (30%) than in other locations (17% to 23%). A larger proportion of pharmacists working in London (29%) worked in secondary care than in other locations (21% to 22%), with 27% working in hospital pharmacy. One in five (20%) pharmacists working in Scotland worked in primary care in their main job, which was a larger proportion than the other locations (8% to 12%).

Figure 89 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Community – all 61% 62% 55% 64% 53% Community pharmacy – 22% 23% 17% 20% 30% independent Community pharmacy – 14% 14% 14% 15% 10% small to medium chain

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England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Community pharmacy – 36% 36% 31% 39% 23% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 2% 2% <0.5% 1% 1% online only pharmacy Primary care – all 11% 9% 20% 12% 8% Primary care – general 9% 8% 17% 11% 7% practice Primary care – urgent care <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% <0.5% provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Primary care – Mental Health & Learning Disability <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% Service/Trust Primary care – care home 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% Primary care – online only <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% organisation Secondary care – all 22% 22% 21% 21% 29% Secondary care – hospital 20% 20% 20% 21% 27% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent 1% 1% <0.5% 2% 1% care provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning Disability 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% Ambulance Service/Trust Secondary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% - Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% Healthcare commissioning 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% organisation Research, education or training 3% 3% 5% 4% 3% Pharmaceutical industry 2% 2% 1% <0.5% 4% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - Other 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% Base 12,016 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

Figure 90 summarises the settings pharmacists worked in, in their main job by race/ethnicity. As can be seen, a larger proportion of pharmacists from an Asian background worked in a community setting in their main job (72%) than those from any other race/ethnicity (49% to 68%). This was largely driven by a third of those from an Asian background working in independent pharmacy (34%). Pharmacists from White British and Mixed backgrounds were more likely to work in secondary care (28% and 30% respectively) than those from other races/ethnicities (17% to 21%). A larger proportion of pharmacists from a White British background worked in primary care (14%) than other races/ethnicities (8% to 10%).

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Figure 90 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Community – all 61% 49% 63% 54% 72% 68% 68% Community pharmacy 22% 15% 15% 16% 32% 21% 30% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 14% 11% 11% 13% 16% 19% 11% chain Community pharmacy 36% 28% 43% 34% 39% 49% 36% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 2% pharmacy Primary care – all 11% 14% 8% 10% 8% 9% 9% Primary care – 9% 12% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% general practice Primary care – urgent <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% care provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 2% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - - service Other primary care 1% 2% 1% - 1% 2% 1% provider/ organisation Secondary care – all 22% 28% 21% 30% 17% 21% 20% Secondary care – 20% 26% 20% 28% 16% 18% 19% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% <0.5% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 2% 3% 2% 4% 1% 4% 1% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% - 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% <0.5% Healthcare commissioning 4% 5% 3% 3% 2% 3% 2% organisation

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White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Research, education or 3% 5% 3% 2% 2% 1% 3% training Pharmaceutical industry 2% 2% 4% 4% 2% 1% 2% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% - - - - - Other 2% 3% 2% 2% 1% <0.5% 3% Base 12,016 4,800 803 133 4,158 754 268

As shown in Figure 91, those who had registered with the GPhC via the EEA and overseas were more likely than their counterparts who registered via the UK to work in community pharmacy (76% and 72% compared with 60%). Over half of those who registered via the EEA worked in large multiples (54%), as did 44% of those registered overseas, whereas only 35% of those registered via the UK worked in that setting.

A larger proportion of pharmacists who registered via the UK worked in secondary care than those registered via the EEA and overseas (23% compared with 15% and 17%). Those who had registered via the EEA were less likely to work in primary care (5%) compared with those who registered in the UK (11%) and overseas (10%).

Figure 91 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by route to register Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Settings Overall UK EEA Overseas Community – all 61% 60% 76% 72% Community pharmacy – 22% 22% 18% 25% independent Community pharmacy – small to 14% 13% 14% 17% medium chain Community pharmacy – large 36% 35% 54% 44% multiple chain Community pharmacy – online 2% 2% 1% 2% only pharmacy Primary care – all 11% 11% 5% 10% Primary care – general practice 9% 9% 4% 8% Primary care – urgent care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% - - Primary care – Mental Health & <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% Learning Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care home 1% 1% <0.5% 1% Primary care – online only <0.5% <0.5% - - prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 1% 1% <0.5% 1% organisation Secondary care – all 22% 23% 15% 17% Secondary care – hospital 20% 21% 14% 15% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% <0.5% 1% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning Disability 2% 2% 1% 2% Service/Trust

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Settings Overall UK EEA Overseas Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Service/Trust Secondary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Other secondary care provider/ <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% <0.5% 1% Healthcare commissioning 4% 4% 2% 2% organisation Research, education or training 3% 3% 1% 2% Pharmaceutical industry 2% 2% 4% 2% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% Other 2% 2% 1% <0.5% Base 12,016 10,674 595 747

Pharmacy technicians There was some variation in the settings in which pharmacy technicians worked in their main jobs by sex and age group. These are summarised in Figure 92. A larger proportion of females worked in a community setting in their main job than males (46% compared with 32%), driven by a larger proportion working in large multiple chains than males (26% compared with 12%). A larger proportion of males worked in secondary care (52%) than females (39%), which was driven by 50% of males working in hospital pharmacy.

Those aged 65 and above were more likely to work in a community setting (60%) than other age groups (38% to 52%), with the exception of those aged 16-24, 57% of whom worked in community pharmacy. Those aged 16-24 more commonly worked in independent pharmacy (37%) than other age groups (10% to 12%). Those aged 65 and above, however, more commonly worked in large multiple pharmacies (40%) than other groups (14% to 30%). Those aged 25-34 and 35-44 were more likely to work in a secondary care setting (45% and 43% respectively) than other age groups (32% to 38%).

Figure 92 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Community – all 44% 32% 46% 57% 38% 41% 47% 52% 60% Community pharmacy – 12% 15% 12% 37% 12% 11% 12% 12% 10% independent Community pharmacy – 8% 6% 8% 10% 7% 8% 9% 9% 10% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 24% 12% 26% 14% 20% 24% 26% 30% 40% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 1% 1% <0.5% 4% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - online only pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 9% 9% 3% 8% 9% 9% 9% 8%

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Primary care – 6% 6% 6% 2% 6% 6% 6% 6% 8% general practice Primary care – urgent care <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - provider/service Primary care – <0.5% - <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – 1% 2% 1% - 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% care home Primary care – online only <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% - - <0.5% - - prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 1% 1% 1% - 1% 2% 2% 1% - organisation Secondary care – 41% 52% 39% 38% 45% 43% 38% 33% 32% all Secondary care – hospital 39% 50% 37% 38% 44% 41% 36% 32% 30% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% - provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 3% 4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% Disability Service/ Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% - <0.5% - - <0.5% <0.5% - - Service/Trust Secondary care <0.5% - <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - – hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - provider/ organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 5% 2% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% - Healthcare commissioning 4% 4% 4% - 4% 5% 3% 4% 3% organisation Research, education or 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% training Pharmaceutical 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% - industry Armed forces 1% 3% <0.5% - 1% 1% 1% <0.5% - Other 1% 2% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 2% -

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

Figure 93 shows the settings pharmacy technicians worked in their main job by year of registration with the GPhC. A larger proportion of pharmacy technicians who had registered since 2016 worked in community pharmacy than those who had registered between 2010 and 2015 (50% compared with 43%). This was driven by 19% of those who had registered since 2016 working in independent pharmacies compared with only 11% of those who registered between 2010 and 2015.

Figure 93 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

2016 or Settings Overall 2010-2015 after Community – all 44% 43% 50% Community pharmacy – independent 12% 11% 19% Community pharmacy – small to medium 8% 8% 8% chain Community pharmacy – large multiple 24% 24% 25% chain Community pharmacy – online only 1% <0.5% 1% pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 9% 5% Primary care – general practice 6% 7% 3% Primary care – urgent care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% 1% Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care home 1% 2% <0.5% Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% service Other primary care provider/organisation 1% 2% 1% Secondary care – all 41% 41% 38% Secondary care – hospital pharmacy 39% 39% 37% Secondary care – urgent care provider/ 1% 1% 1% service Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 2% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% - provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 3% 2% Healthcare commissioning organisation 4% 4% 2% Research, education or training 2% 2% 1% Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% 1% Armed forces 1% 1% 1% Other 1% 1% 1% Base 5,084 4,019 1,066

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As shown in Figure 94, pharmacy technicians working in their main job in Wales more commonly worked in a community setting in their main job (56%) in comparison with other locations (33% to 49%). As seen with pharmacists, those in London were more likely than pharmacy technicians working in other locations to work in a secondary care setting (55%) and this was driven by pharmacy technicians more commonly working in hospital pharmacy (53%) than those working in other locations (31% to 40%).

Figure 94 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by location of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Community – all 44% 43% 49% 56% 33% Community pharmacy – 12% 12% 14% 13% 16% independent Community pharmacy – 8% 8% 9% 11% 5% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 24% 23% 27% 31% 13% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 1% 1% <0.5% - - online only pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 8% 13% 10% 6% Primary care – general 6% 5% 11% 9% 3% practice Primary care – urgent <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% care provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 4% <0.5% 1% home Primary care – online <0.5% <0.5% - - - only prescribing service Other primary care 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% provider/organisation Secondary care – all 41% 42% 35% 32% 55% Secondary care – 39% 40% 33% 31% 53% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% provider/organisation Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 3% 3% 2% 1% 4% Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - - Ambulance Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - - Ambulance Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 3% 1% 2% 3%

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England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Healthcare commissioning 4% 4% 1% 2% 3% organisation Research, education or 2% 2% 3% 1% 2% training Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% Armed forces 1% 1% <0.5% 1% <0.5% Other 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% Base 5,084 4,173 566 313 481

Figure 95 summarises the settings pharmacy technicians worked in, in their main job by race/ethnicity. As can be seen, larger proportions of pharmacy technicians from an Asian background and a White British background worked in a community setting in their main job (both 46%) than those from any other race/ethnicity (21% to 39%). More than a fifth of pharmacy technicians from an Asian background worked in independents (22%), higher than any other race/ethnicity (9% to 18%). More than a quarter of pharmacy technicians from a White British background worked in large multiple chains (27%), which was higher than any other race/ethnicity (12% to 18%). Two thirds of pharmacy technicians from a Black background worked in secondary care (67%), a significantly larger proportion than any other race/ethnicity (39% to 47%), largely driven by those working in hospital pharmacy (65%).

Figure 95 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Community – all 44% 46% 39% 31% 46% 21% *** Community pharmacy 12% 11% 18% 11% 22% 9% *** – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 8% 8% 5% 7% 8% 6% *** chain Community pharmacy 24% 27% 18% 16% 17% 12% *** – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 1% <0.5% <0.5% - 2% - *** pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 9% 6% 6% 6% 7% *** Primary care – 6% 7% 4% 2% 3% 5% *** general practice Primary care – urgent <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - *** care provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - - 1% *** hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 3% <0.5% 1% *** Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 1% - 1% - *** home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% - - - - *** service

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White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Other primary care 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% *** provider/organisation Secondary care – all 41% 39% 45% 47% 44% 67% *** Secondary care – 39% 37% 43% 47% 43% 65% *** hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% - 1% - *** provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 3% - 3% 2% *** Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - *** Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% 1% - - - *** hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% - - - 1% *** provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 2% 3% 4% 3% 5% *** Healthcare commissioning 4% 4% 6% 4% 4% 2% *** organisation Research, education or 2% 2% <0.5% 6% 1% - *** training Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% *** Armed forces 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% *** Other 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 4% *** Base 5,084 3,902 139 49 667 124 27

Pharmacy technicians who had registered via the UK more commonly worked in community pharmacy in their main job (49%) than those who grandparented via the UK (42%) or via the EEA (37%). In comparison, those who grandparented via the UK were more likely to work in primary care (10%) compared with 6% of those who registered via the UK. This is shown in Figure 96.

Figure 96 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by route to register37 Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Grand- Grand- Settings Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Community – all 44% 42% 49% 41% 37% Community pharmacy 12% 10% 16% 21% 20% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 8% 7% 8% 18% 9% chain

37 The ‘overseas plus UK’ route to register has been omitted as the base size for respondents that this was applicable to is so small.

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Grand- Grand- Settings Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Community pharmacy 24% 25% 25% 10% 11% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only 1% <0.5% 1% 3% - pharmacy Primary care – all 9% 10% 6% 6% 3% Primary care – 6% 7% 5% - 3% general practice Primary care – urgent <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 3% - care provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 2% 1% 1% - home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - service Other primary care 1% 2% 1% 1% - provider/organisation Secondary care – all 41% 41% 39% 48% 46% Secondary care – 39% 39% 37% 48% 45% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 2% 5% 1% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - - - Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 1% hospice Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 3% 2% 3% 12% 2% Healthcare commissioning 4% 4% 3% 6% 9% organisation Research, education or 2% 3% 1% - - training Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% 1% 2% 7% Armed forces 1% 1% 1% - - Other 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% Base 5,084 3,027 1,925 93 38

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Overall For the purposes of analysis in this report, we have used a breakdown of settings that includes those working in community pharmacy only, secondary care pharmacy only, primary care only and other settings only. Registrants who worked in multiple settings have been grouped together as there was a great range of combinations, which cannot all be reported and which listing separately would cause complications in the analysis.

4.5 Working in multiple settings in main job Overall Registrants were able to choose as many settings that they work in, in their main job as were applicable. For the purposes of analysis, the figures in this section focus on settings reported in the main job settings question, which covers the broad settings, such as community pharmacy, primary care, secondary care etc. This is so as not to over-complicate the analysis by including sub-settings. Further analysis in regard to cross-sector working across settings and pharmacy jobs can be found in chapter 10 of the report.

The majority of registrants reported that they worked in one setting only (95%). A further 4% chose two settings and only a small proportion (1%) chose three or more. As shown in Figure 97, there was little difference between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. However, prescribers more commonly worked in two settings (9%) than pharmacists overall (4%).

Figure 97 – Number of settings in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Number of settings Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician 1 95% 95% 96% 90% 2 4% 4% 4% 9% 3 or more 1% 1% <0.5% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 17,100 12,016 5,084 2,158

The most common combination of settings in which registrants worked in their main job was primary care pharmacy and healthcare commissioning (19% of those who worked in two or more settings), followed by community pharmacy and primary care (16%) and secondary care and research (16%). Working in both community pharmacy and primary care was more common amongst pharmacists (18%) than pharmacy technicians (11%). Prescribers more commonly worked in primary care and a healthcare commissioning organisation (27%) than pharmacists overall (18%) and in secondary care and research (20% compared with 15%). Figure 98 shows the most common 12 combinations worked in by registrants in their main job and summarises the differences between pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and prescribers.

Figure 98 – Combinations of settings in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in more than one setting in their main job (813)

Pharmacy Combinations of settings Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Primary care and healthcare 19% 18% 23% 27% commissioning organisation

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Pharmacy Combinations of settings Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Community pharmacy and 16% 18% 11% 22% primary care Secondary care and research, 16% 15% 17% 20% education or training Primary care and secondary 15% 15% 15% 18% care Community pharmacy and 13% 14% 10% 6% secondary care Community pharmacy and 6% 8% 2% 4% research, education or training Secondary care and healthcare 6% 6% 6% 7% commissioning organisation Community pharmacy and 4% 5% 2% 3% prison pharmacy Primary care and research, 3% 4% 2% 7% education or training Secondary care and prison 3% 2% 6% 1% pharmacy Community pharmacy and healthcare commissioning 3% 3% 2% 2% organisation Community pharmacy and other 3% 3% 1% 2% setting Base 813 598 215 216

Pharmacists Figure 99 summarises the number of settings worked in main jobs by sex and age amongst pharmacists. There was little difference between males and females, and by age.

Figure 99 – Number of settings amongst pharmacists in main job by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Number of Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ settings 1 95% 95% 95% 96% 95% 95% 94% 96% 98% 2 4% 4% 5% 3% 4% 5% 5% 3% 2% 3 or more 1% 1% <0.5% 2% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

There was also little variation in the number of settings worked in by race/ethnicity and by location of main job, so this data has not been shown.

Pharmacy technicians Figure 100 shows the number of settings worked by sex and age amongst pharmacy technicians. As seen with pharmacists, there was little difference between males and females, and by age.

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Figure 100 – Number of settings amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Number of Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ settings 1 96% 93% 96% 97% 95% 95% 96% 97% 93% 2 4% 6% 3% 3% 4% 4% 3% 3% 7% 3 or more <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% <0.5% 1% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

As with pharmacists, there was also little difference by race/ethnicity and location of main job, so this data has not been shown.

4.6 Hours worked per week in main job Overall Registrants were asked how many hours they typically work in a week in their main job and were able to give their answer to one decimal place. The mean number of hours that all pharmacists and pharmacy technicians worked in their main jobs in a typical week was then calculated.

Overall, the mean number of hours all registrants worked in their main jobs in a typical week was 35.1, including those working full-time and part-time. Pharmacists reported a mean of 35.8 hours (prescribers 34.8 hours) and pharmacy technicians worked an average of 33.3 hours in a typical week. Figure 101 presents the differences by registrant type.

From those responses, registrants were classified as working full-time if they worked 30 hours or more and as part-time if they worked fewer than 30 hours. Three quarters of registrants who were working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain worked full-time in their main job (76%) and 24% worked part-time (see Figure 101). As shown, there was little difference between pharmacists, prescribers and pharmacy technicians.

Figure 101 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Hours worked in main job Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Full-time working 76% 77% 75% 78% Part-time working 24% 23% 25% 22% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours per week 35.1 35.8 33.3 34.8 Base 17,100 12,016 5,084 2,158

Pharmacists The mean number of hours worked by pharmacists in their main job in a typical week varied by sex and age group, as shown in Figure 102. Males reported a larger mean number of hours worked (40.0) compared with females (33.3). By age group, a pattern emerged whereby younger pharmacists reported working longer hours in their main job than older pharmacists, ranging from 39.1 hours on average by those aged 24 and under, to 24.8 hours

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by those aged 65 and above. As also shown in Figure 102, a distinct larger proportion of males worked full-time in their main job (88%) than females (70%) and larger proportions of those in the younger age groups were more likely to be working full-time (16-24 92% and 25- 34 86%) than their older peers (62% of 55-64 year olds and 38% of those aged 65 and above).

Figure 102 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Hours worked Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ in main job Full-time 77% 88% 70% 92% 86% 75% 73% 62% 38% working Part-time 23% 12% 30% 8% 14% 25% 27% 38% 62% working TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of 35.8 40.0 33.3 39.1 37.7 35.4 35.3 33.0 24.8 hours per week Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

Figure 103 summarises the differences in the mean number of hours worked in a typical week and full and part-time working amongst pharmacists by year of registration. The pattern seen by age is repeated when looking at the results by year of registration. Pharmacists who had qualified between 2010 and 2015, and since 2016 were more likely to work full-time (85% and 90% respectively) compared with other age groups (44% to 76%). Pharmacists who had registered since 2016 reported the highest number of mean hours (38.5). The mean number increases the later pharmacists have registered, with those who registered before 1979 the lowest (26.9).

Figure 103 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by year of registration Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Hours worked in Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Overall main job 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after Full-time 77% 44% 65% 70% 76% 85% 90% Part-time 23% 56% 35% 30% 24% 15% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours 35.8 26.9 33.7 34.8 35.6 37.5 38.5 per week Base 12,016 472 1,497 1,895 3,181 3,259 1,712

By race/ethnicity, pharmacists from a White British background or other background more commonly worked part-time in their main job (29% and 28% respectively) compared with other races/ethnicities (14% to 21%). Consequently, pharmacists from races/ethnicities other than White British tended to work longer hours in their main jobs in a typical week (34.9 hours to 37.2 hours) than those from a White British background (33.9 hours). This is shown in Figure 104.

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Figure 104 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Hours worked in White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other main job British other Full-time 77% 71% 84% 81% 80% 84% 72% Part-time 23% 29% 16% 19% 20% 16% 28% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours per 35.8 33.9 37.1 36.5 37.0 37.2 34.9 week Base 12,016 4,800 803 133 4,158 754 268

A larger proportion of pharmacists working in a primary care setting only in their main job worked part-time (30%) than pharmacists working in other settings (18% to 25%), as shown in Figure 105. Pharmacists working in a primary care setting only also worked fewer hours on average in a typical week (31.8 hours) than those working in any other setting (34.5 hours to 36.7 hours).

Figure 105 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Hours worked in main Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Overall job only care only care only settings settings Full-time 77% 76% 82% 70% 75% 82% Part-time 23% 24% 18% 30% 25% 18% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours per 35.8 36.7 35.4 31.8 34.5 36.4 week Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Figure 106 summarises the differences in full-time/part-time working and mean hours worked in a typical week by location. As shown, a larger proportion of pharmacists working in London worked full-time (80%) than those working in Scotland and Wales (75% and 76% respectively). Pharmacists working in London in their main job reported the highest mean number of hours (37.5).

Figure 106 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

England Hours worked in main Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only job London) Full-time 77% 77% 75% 76% 80% Part-time 23% 23% 25% 24% 20% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours per 35.8 36.1 34.3 34.8 37.5 week Base 12,016 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

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Pharmacy technicians Figure 107 summarises the differences in the mean number of hours worked in a typical week and full and part-time working amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age group. As with pharmacists, males worked longer hours on average in their main job than females (37.6 hours compared with 32.7). Those who were aged 16-24 reported the highest mean number of hours (37.6), whilst those aged 65 and above reported the least (26.6). Three quarters of pharmacy technicians (75%) worked full-time and 25% worked part-time. As seen with pharmacists, female pharmacy technicians more commonly worked part-time than males (27% compared with 6%) and those aged 16-24 were more likely to work full-time (97%) out of all the age groups. There is a trend of moving to part-time working amongst the older age groups. For example, 53% of those aged 65 and above worked part-time, as did a third (33%) of those aged 55-64, which were both higher than for other age groups.

Figure 107 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Hours worked in Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ main job Full-time 75% 94% 73% 97% 80% 72% 77% 67% 47% Part-time 25% 6% 27% 3% 20% 28% 23% 33% 53% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of 33.3 37.6 32.7 37.6 34.7 32.8 33.4 31.4 26.6 hours per week Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

As shown in Figure 108, those who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 more commonly worked full-time (85%) than those who had registered before 2016 (73%). Those who had registered since 2016 also worked more hours on average in a typical week (35.4 hours) than those who registered before 2016 (32.8 hours).

Figure 108 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

2016 or Hours worked in main job Overall 2010-2015 after Full-time 75% 73% 85% Part-time 25% 27% 15% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours per week 33.3 32.8 35.4 Base 5,084 4,019 1,066

By race/ethnicity, pharmacy technicians from a White British background or Mixed background more commonly worked part-time in their main job (26% and 28% respectively) compared with other races/ethnicities (16% to 22%). There was little variation in the mean number of hours worked in a typical week by race/ethnicity. This is shown in Figure 109.

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Figure 109 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Hours worked in White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other main job British other Full-time 75% 74% 78% 72% 81% 84% *** Part-time 25% 26% 22% 28% 19% 16% *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Mean no. of hours per 33.3 33.0 33.8 33.8 34.4 34.4 *** week Base 5,084 3,902 139 49 667 124 27

Pharmacy technicians who worked in community settings only and in primary care settings only in their main job worked fewer hours on average (both 32.3) than those working in any other setting, as shown in Figure 110. Pharmacy technicians working in a community pharmacy setting only or a primary care setting only more commonly worked part-time (31% and 27% respectively) than those working in any other setting (17% to 19%).

Figure 110 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Hours worked in Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Overall main job only care only care only settings settings Full-time 75% 69% 81% 73% 83% 83% Part-time 25% 31% 19% 27% 17% 17% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours 33.3 32.3 34.1 32.3 35.1 34.7 per week Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

As shown in Figure 111, pharmacy technicians working in London in their main job reported a higher mean number of hours worked in a typical week (35.7 hours) than those working in other locations (32.1 to 33.4 hours). Pharmacy technicians working in London also more commonly worked full-time in their main job (87%) compared with those working in other locations (71% to 79%). Part-time working was most prevalent in Wales, where 29% worked part-time in their main job, higher than in any other location (13% to 25%).

Figure 111 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Hours worked in main England (inc. Overall Scotland Wales London only job London) Full-time 75% 75% 79% 71% 87% Part-time 25% 25% 21% 29% 13% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Mean no. of hours per 33.3 33.4 33.4 32.1 35.7 week Base 5,084 4,173 566 313 481

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4.7 Employment status in main job Overall Registrants were asked to identify their employment status in their main job and were able to choose whether they were an employee, a business owner, a locum or a self-employed freelancer or contractor (excluding locum).

The majority (83%) said that they were an employee in their main job and one in ten stated they were a locum (10%). Relatively small proportions were business owners (4%) and self- employed freelancers or contractors (3%). As shown in Figure 112, pharmacists more commonly identified as locums than pharmacy technicians (14% compared with 2%) and business owners (6% compared with <0.5%). Pharmacy technicians on the other hand were more commonly employees than pharmacists (97% compared with 76%). For more information about locums, see Chapter 9 of the report.

Figure 112 – Employment status in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

97% 83% 76%

10% 14% 4% 6% 3% 3% <0.5%0% 2% 1% Employee Business owner Locum Self-employed / freelancer / contractor

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists As shown in Figure 113, a larger proportion of male pharmacists were business owners in their main job than females (13% compared with 2%), a locum (17% compared with 12%) and self-employed (5% compared with 2%), whereas females were more commonly employees than males (84% compared with 65%). By age group, those aged 65 and above were more commonly locums (37%), business owners (21%) and self-employed freelancers or contractors (10%) than other age groups. More than a quarter of 16-24 year olds were locums, higher than other age groups (11% to 19%), with the exception of those aged 65 and above (37%).

Figure 113 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Employment Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ status Employee 76% 65% 84% 71% 82% 79% 78% 61% 31% Business 6% 13% 2% - 1% 7% 8% 15% 21% owner

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Employment Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ status Locum 14% 17% 12% 27% 14% 11% 12% 19% 37% Self-employed / freelancer / 3% 5% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 5% 10% contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

As shown in Figure 114, the largest proportion within each setting were employees, although this was a smaller proportion in a community setting only (65%) and in multiple settings (83%) in comparison with any other setting (91% to 96%). Pharmacists working in community pharmacy only were more commonly locums (22%) and business owners (9%) than those working in any other setting.

Figure 114 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Employment status Overall only care only care only settings settings Employee 76% 65% 96% 93% 91% 83% Business owner 6% 9% 0% 1% 2% 4% Locum 14% 22% 3% 1% 0% 8% Self-employed / 3% 3% 1% 4% 7% 6% freelancer / contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Figure 115 below summarises the differences in employment status amongst pharmacists by main job location. As can be seen, those working in England and London were more commonly locums (15% and 16% respectively) than those working in Scotland (8%) and Wales (12%). Larger proportions of those working in Scotland and Wales were employees (88% and 81% respectively) than those working in England (75%) and London (69%).

Figure 115 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

England (inc. Employment status Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Employee 76% 75% 88% 81% 69% Business owner 6% 6% 3% 6% 9% Locum 14% 15% 8% 12% 16% Self-employed / freelancer / 3% 4% 1% 1% 6% contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

Pharmacists who were from Black and Asian backgrounds were more commonly locums than other races/ethnicities (23% and 20% respectively). Those from a White British

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background were more commonly employees (86%) than those from other races/ethnicities (67% to 81%). This is summarised in Figure 116.

Figure 116 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

White White Employment status Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Employee 76% 86% 81% 79% 67% 71% 68% Business owner 6% 4% 2% 5% 9% 4% 4% Locum 14% 8% 14% 10% 19% 23% 23% Self-employed / 3% 2% 2% 6% 5% 3% 4% freelancer / contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 4,800 803 133 4,158 754 268

Those working part-time were more likely to classify themselves as a locum in their main job (27%) than those working full-time (10%), as shown in Figure 117.

Figure 117 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by full and part- time working in main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016

80%

66%

27%

7% 10% 3% 3% 5%

Employee Business owner Locum Self-employed / freelancer / contractor

Full-time Part-time

Pharmacy technicians Female pharmacy technicians were more likely to be employees than males (98% compared with 93%). By age there was little difference in employment status, as shown in Figure 118.

Figure 118 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Employment Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ status Employee 97% 93% 98% 99% 97% 98% 98% 98% 95%

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Employment Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ status Business owner <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - Locum 2% 5% 1% - 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% Self-employed / freelancer / 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

By setting there was little difference in employment status amongst pharmacy technicians, but those working across multiple settings in their main job were more commonly working as locums (5%) than those working in a primary care setting only (<0.5%), as shown in Figure 119.

Figure 119 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Employment status Overall only care only care only settings settings Employee 97% 98% 97% 99% 94% 94% Business owner <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% - Locum 2% 1% 2% <0.5% 3% 5% Self-employed / 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 2% 1% freelancer / contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

By location of main job, those working in London were more commonly locums in their main job (5%), as shown in Figure 120.

Figure 120 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by location of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

England (inc. Employment status Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Employee 97% 97% 100% 99% 94% Business owner <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% Locum 2% 2% <0.5% 1% 5% Self-employed / freelancer / 1% 1% - <0.5% 1% contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 4,173 566 313 481

There was little variation by race/ethnicity, although pharmacy technicians from a Black background were less commonly employees (90%) than those from a White British background (99%) and more commonly locums (8% compared with 1%). This is shown in Figure 121.

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Figure 121 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

White White Employment status Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Employee 97% 99% 98% 96% 92% 90% *** Business owner <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% 1% *** Locum 2% 1% 1% 4% 6% 8% *** Self-employed / 1% <0.5% 1% - 2% 2% *** freelancer / contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 5,084 3,902 139 49 667 124 27

As shown in Figure 122 there was little difference between those who were full-time working in their main job and those who were working part-time.

Figure 122 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by full and part-time working in main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

98% 97%

<0.5%0% <0.5%0% 2% 2% 0% 1% Employee Business owner Locum Self-employed / freelancer / contractor

Full-time Part-time

4.8 Patient facing in main job Overall Registrants were asked if their main job was a patient facing role. Two-thirds said it was all or most of the time (65%) and a further 16% said it was some of the time. One in eight said it was rarely or never patient facing (12%) and 7% said it was occasionally.

As shown in Figure 123, a larger proportion of pharmacists said their role was patient facing all or most of the time than pharmacy technicians (70% compared with 53%). Pharmacy technicians more commonly said that their role was not or rarely was patient facing than pharmacists (15% compared with 11%). As shown, prescribers were less likely to indicate that their role was patient facing all or most of the time (52%) than pharmacists overall (70%).

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Figure 123 – Patient facing in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Patient facing Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician All or most of the time 65% 70% 53% 52% Some of the time 16% 14% 21% 29% Occasionally 7% 5% 11% 9% Rarely or never 12% 11% 15% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 17,100 12,016 5,084 2,158

Pharmacists Figure 124 summarises the differences amongst pharmacists by sex and age group. As shown, males were more commonly in a role that was patient facing all or most of the time than females (73% compared with 68%). By age, younger pharmacists (16-24 and 25-34) were more commonly in roles that were patient facing all or most of the time (84% and 77% respectively) than those in other age groups (61% to 66%).

Figure 124 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Patient facing Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ All or most of the 70% 73% 68% 84% 77% 66% 61% 66% 65% time Some of the time 14% 12% 15% 11% 12% 15% 15% 13% 15% Occasionally 5% 5% 6% 2% 4% 7% 7% 5% 7% Rarely or never 11% 10% 12% 2% 7% 12% 18% 16% 13% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

Figure 125 summarises responses by main job location. As can be seen, those working in Scotland were less commonly in a patient facing in their role all or most of the time (63%) than pharmacists working in other locations, particularly compared with England (70%) and Wales (72%).

Figure 125 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 70% 70% 63% 72% 67% Some of the time 14% 13% 16% 16% 13% Occasionally 5% 5% 8% 5% 6% Rarely or never 11% 11% 13% 7% 14% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

By setting in main job, pharmacists working in a community setting only were more commonly patient facing all or most of the time (89%) than those working in any other setting (3% to 58%). Eight in ten (83%) of those working in an ‘other’ setting only never or rarely saw

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patients (83%), which was a much larger proportion than those working in any other setting (2% to 22%). This is shown in Figure 126.

Figure 126 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Patient facing Overall only care only care only settings settings All or most of the time 70% 89% 58% 37% 3% 41% Some of the time 14% 6% 25% 42% 5% 25% Occasionally 5% 2% 9% 11% 9% 12% Rarely or never 11% 2% 8% 9% 83% 22% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Pharmacists who had registered more recently, from 2010 onwards, were more commonly patient facing in their main role always or most of the time (75% to 85%) compared with those who registered prior to 2010 (59% to 67%), as shown in Figure 127.

Figure 127 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by year of registration Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Patient facing Overall 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after All or most of the 70% 64% 61% 59% 67% 75% 85% time Some of the time 14% 13% 14% 16% 16% 13% 9% Occasionally 5% 5% 7% 7% 6% 4% 3% Rarely or never 11% 17% 19% 18% 11% 7% 3% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 472 1,497 1,895 3,181 3,259 1,712

Pharmacy technicians As seen with pharmacists, younger pharmacy technicians (16-24) were more commonly patient facing all or most of the time in their role (63%) than older groups (52% to 59%). However, amongst pharmacy technicians, females were more commonly patient facing all or most of the time (54%) than males (45%), as shown in Figure 128.

Figure 128 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Patient facing Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ All or most of the 53% 45% 54% 63% 54% 52% 53% 52% 59% time Some of the time 21% 21% 21% 22% 20% 21% 20% 23% 16% Occasionally 11% 13% 10% 5% 12% 10% 11% 11% 15% Rarely or never 15% 20% 15% 10% 14% 17% 16% 14% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

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As shown in Figure 129, pharmacy technicians working in their main job in Wales were more commonly patient facing all or most of the time (62%) compared with other locations (52% to 56%). Larger proportions of those working in England and London were rarely or never patient facing (16% and 17% respectively) than those working in other locations, particularly compared with Wales (6%).

Figure 129 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 53% 53% 52% 62% 56% Some of the time 21% 21% 24% 22% 18% Occasionally 11% 10% 11% 9% 9% Rarely or never 15% 16% 12% 6% 17% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 4,173 566 313 481

Figure 130 summarises the differences amongst pharmacy technicians by setting in their main jobs. As seen with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians working in a community setting only were more commonly patient facing all or most of the time (73%) than those working in any other setting (28% to 41%). Almost half (47%) of those working in other settings said they were rarely or never patient facing, which was much higher than those working in any other setting (4% to 26%).

Figure 130 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Patient facing Overall only care only care only settings settings All or most of the time 53% 73% 41% 36% 28% 28% Some of the time 21% 17% 26% 26% 12% 27% Occasionally 11% 5% 13% 21% 13% 19% Rarely or never 15% 4% 19% 18% 47% 26% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

By year of registration, pharmacy technicians who registered in 2016 or afterwards were more likely to be patient facing all or most of the time (60%) compared with those who registered before 2016 (51%). This is shown in Figure 131.

Figure 131 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

2016 or Patient facing Overall 2010-2015 after All or most of the time 53% 51% 60% Some of the time 21% 21% 20% Occasionally 11% 11% 9%

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2016 or Patient facing Overall 2010-2015 after Rarely or never 15% 16% 12% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 4,019 1,066

4.9 Responsibilities in main job Overall Registrants were shown a list of responsibilities and asked if they applied to their main job. Figure 132 summarises all the responsibilities that registrants said that they carried out in their main job at an overall level and by registrant type. Responsibilities have been ranked so that the more frequently mentioned responsibilities are at the top of the table. Amongst all registrants the most common responsibility was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (84%). This was more prevalent amongst pharmacists (88%) than pharmacy technicians (74%). This was followed by ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ (75% overall) and again pharmacists more commonly chose this than pharmacy technicians (82% compared with 60%). A further three quarters of registrants (75%) said one of their responsibilities was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’; this was slightly higher amongst pharmacy technicians (77%) than pharmacists (74%).

There were a number of responsibilities that were more common for prescribers than for pharmacists overall. Prescribers more commonly identified the following responsibilities:

• Prescribing (any setting) (72% compared with 16%) • pre- / post-discharge (67% compared with 41%) • Research, innovation, audit and quality improvement (50% compared with 30%) • Any other clinical work (62% compared with 44%) • Risk management (53% compared with 37%) • Governance, policy, regulation and other administrative work (59% compared with 44%) • Diagnosing in specialist area(s) (21% compared with 7%) • Education, training, mentoring and tutoring (76% compared with 65%) • Providing advice and information to health professionals (92% compared with 82%) • Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and care at home) (20% compared with 10%)

Figure 132 – All responsibilities in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Responsibilities Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Providing advice and information to 84% 88% 74% 88% patients and carers Providing advice and information to 75% 82% 60% 92% health professionals Supplying medicines and medical 75% 74% 77% 45% devices Education, training, mentoring and 60% 65% 48% 76% tutoring Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy 59% 57% 64% 31% environment

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Pharmacy Responsibilities Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Patient consultations 59% 71% 30% 68% Repeat prescription management 55% 58% 46% 41% Management of staff 55% 62% 37% 58% Providing treatment to patients 53% 64% 27% 68% Diagnosing of minor ailments 44% 54% 18% 27% Governance, policy, regulation and other 39% 44% 27% 59% administrative work Medicines reconciliation pre- / post- 39% 41% 34% 67% discharge Any other clinical work 34% 44% 10% 62% Risk management 32% 37% 20% 53% Research, innovation, audit and quality 27% 30% 18% 50% improvement Development and management of 12% 13% 11% 17% pharmacy IT systems and technology Preparation and manufacturing of 12% 10% 18% 9% medicinal products Prescribing (any setting)38 11% 16% - 72% Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care 9% 10% 7% 20% homes and care at home) Quality assurance of medicinal products 8% 7% 10% 6% and/ or their distribution Diagnosing in specialist area(s) 5% 7% 1% 21% Other 4% 4% 4% 5% Base 17,100 12,016 5,084 2,158

The most common ‘other’ responsibilities included ‘finance / accounts / managing budgets’, ‘commissioning / procurement / contracting’, ‘leadership / senior management’, ‘data analysis and producing reports’, and ‘strategic / operational planning’. For the full list see the appendices.

A second follow-up question asked registrants who chose more than three responsibilities in the initial question to select their three main responsibilities. This question was automatically answered for registrants who chose three or fewer responsibilities in the initial question.

As shown in Figure 133, again ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the most commonly selected main responsibility (56%) and this was higher amongst pharmacists (61%) than pharmacy technicians (44%). The second most common amongst registrants was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (54%), which was more prevalent amongst pharmacy technicians than pharmacists (61% compared with 51%).

Again, there were a number of responsibilities that were more common for prescribers than pharmacists overall:

• Prescribing (any setting) (28% compared with 5%) • Providing advice and information to health professionals (39% compared with 25%) • Medicines reconciliation pre- / post-discharge (26% compared with 13%) • Any other clinical work (17% compared with 8%)

38 This was not asked of pharmacy technicians.

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• Risk management (11% compared with 5%) • Governance, policy, regulation and other administrative work (17% compared with 12%).

There were also some responsibilities that were less common amongst prescribers than pharmacists overall:

• Supplying medicines and medical devices (14% compared with 51%) • Providing advice and information to patients and carers (36% compared with 61%).

Figure 133 summarises the responses to this question at an overall level and by registrant type. Again, responses have been ranked in order of frequency.

Figure 133 – Main responsibilities in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

Pharmacy Main responsibilities Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Providing advice and information to 56% 61% 44% 36% patients and carers Supplying medicines and medical 54% 51% 61% 14% devices Providing advice and information to 22% 25% 15% 39% health professionals Management of staff 22% 22% 21% 20% Patient consultations 16% 21% 4% 20% Medicines reconciliation pre- / post- 15% 13% 20% 26% discharge Repeat prescription management 15% 12% 22% 11% Routine tasks to manage the 14% 6% 34% 2% pharmacy environment Providing treatment to patients 14% 16% 8% 17% Education, training, mentoring and 10% 9% 14% 12% tutoring Governance, policy, regulation and 10% 12% 7% 17% other administrative work Diagnosing of minor ailments 9% 12% 1% 5% Any other clinical work 6% 8% 2% 17% Risk management 5% 5% 3% 11% Research, innovation, audit and 5% 5% 4% 7% quality improvement Preparation and manufacturing of 4% 2% 9% 2% medicinal products Prescribing (any setting)39 4% 5% - 28% Other 2% 2% 2% 3% Home visits or domiciliary reviews 2% 1% 3% 2% (care homes and care at home Development and management of 2% 2% 3% 2% pharmacy IT systems and technology Quality assurance of medicinal 2% 1% 2% 1% products and/ or their distribution

39 This was not asked of pharmacy technicians.

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Pharmacy Main responsibilities Overall Pharmacist Prescriber technician Diagnosing in specialist area(s) 0% 1% 0% 3% Base 17,100 12,016 5,084 2,158

Pharmacists Figure 134 presents the main responsibilities amongst pharmacists in their main job (when asked to choose their main three) by sex and age. As shown, male pharmacists more commonly listed ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ as a responsibility than females (56% compared with 48%), whereas females more commonly listed ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ (29% compared with 18%). By age group, those aged 16- 24 were more likely than other age groups to list ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ as one of their three main responsibilities (80%). Those aged 65 and above less commonly listed ‘Providing advice and information to health professionals’ and ‘Management of staff’ as main responsibilities (14% and 11% respectively) than other age groups.

Figure 134 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Main Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities Providing advice and information to 61% 64% 60% 80% 67% 58% 52% 59% 69% patients and carers Supplying medicines and 51% 56% 48% 65% 51% 46% 49% 58% 64% medical devices Providing advice and information to 25% 18% 29% 27% 28% 25% 23% 21% 14% health professionals Management of 22% 24% 20% 17% 19% 23% 26% 21% 11% staff Patient 21% 22% 21% 19% 21% 21% 22% 23% 28% consultations Providing treatment 16% 21% 14% 23% 17% 17% 15% 14% 12% to patients Medicines reconciliation pre- / 13% 8% 16% 21% 17% 12% 9% 7% 5% post-discharge Diagnosing of 12% 12% 11% 18% 13% 10% 11% 12% 15% minor ailments Repeat prescription 12% 13% 11% 9% 13% 12% 10% 10% 17% management Governance, policy, regulation 12% 12% 11% <0.5% 7% 14% 17% 15% 12% and other administrative work Education, training, mentoring and 9% 7% 10% 1% 7% 11% 11% 10% 9% tutoring Any other clinical 8% 7% 10% 7% 10% 9% 8% 6% 3% work Routine tasks to 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 6% 7% 9% manage the

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Main Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities pharmacy environment Risk management 5% 5% 6% 1% 4% 7% 8% 6% 4% Prescribing (any 5% 4% 6% - 4% 7% 6% 4% 1% setting) Research, innovation, audit 5% 4% 5% 1% 3% 6% 6% 5% 4% and quality improvement Other 2% 2% 2% - 1% 2% 3% 3% 2% Preparation and manufacturing of 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% medicinal products Development and management of pharmacy IT 2% 2% 1% - 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% systems and technology Home visits or domiciliary reviews 1% 1% 2% - 1% 2% 2% 1% - (care homes and care at home) Quality assurance of medicinal 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% products and/ or their distribution Diagnosing in 1% 1% <0.5% - 1% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% specialist area(s) Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

As shown in Figure 135, there was some variation by setting. Amongst pharmacists working in a community setting only, the three most common responsibilities were:

• ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (82%) • ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ (78%) • ‘Patient consultations’ (28%)

Amongst pharmacists working in a secondary care setting only, the three most common were:

• ‘Providing advice and information to health professionals’ (60%) • ‘Medicines reconciliation pre- / post-discharge’ (41%) • ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (34%)

For pharmacists working in a primary care setting only, the three most common were:

• ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (47%) • ‘Medicines reconciliation pre- / post-discharge’ (45%) • ‘Providing advice and information to health professionals’ (36%)

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Figure 135 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Main responsibilities Overall only care only care only settings settings Providing advice and information to patients and 61% 82% 34% 47% 6% 38% carers Supplying medicines and 51% 78% 16% 2% 3% 24% medical devices Providing advice and information to health 25% 7% 60% 36% 45% 43% professionals Management of staff 22% 22% 23% 7% 30% 20% Patient consultations 21% 28% 6% 35% 1% 15% Providing treatment to 16% 19% 17% 13% 1% 14% patients Medicines reconciliation 13% 1% 41% 45% 2% 16% pre- / post-discharge Diagnosing of minor 12% 19% <0.5% 5% - 5% ailments Repeat prescription 12% 15% 1% 29% 1% 8% management Governance, policy, regulation and other 12% 5% 19% 8% 42% 21% administrative work Education, training, 9% 4% 13% 6% 35% 22% mentoring and tutoring Any other clinical work 8% 5% 19% 17% 2% 10% Routine tasks to manage 6% 9% 3% 1% 1% 2% the pharmacy environment Risk management 5% 1% 12% 6% 17% 12% Prescribing (any setting) 5% <0.5% 10% 26% 2% 11% Research, innovation, audit and quality 5% <0.5% 6% 4% 29% 15% improvement Other 2% <0.5% 1% 1% 15% 4% Preparation and manufacturing of medicinal 2% <0.5% 6% - 2% 1% products Development and management of pharmacy 2% <0.5% 4% 1% 4% 3% IT systems and technology Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and 1% <0.5% <0.5% 8% 1% 6% care at home) Quality assurance of medicinal products and/ or 1% <0.5% 3% <0.5% 7% 2% their distribution Diagnosing in specialist 1% <0.5% 1% 2% <0.5% 2% area(s) Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

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Figure 136 shows the main responsibilities by year registered with the GPhC. As shown, those who had registered since 2016 more commonly listed ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ as one of their three main responsibilities (76%) than other groups (50% to 67%). Those who registered the earliest (before 1979) and most recently (2016 or after) more commonly listed ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ as a responsibility (both 62%) than those from other groups (45% to 53%).

Figure 136 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by year of registration Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Main Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Overall responsibilities 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after Providing advice and information to 61% 62% 54% 50% 58% 67% 76% patients and carers Supplying medicines 51% 62% 53% 45% 45% 51% 62% and medical devices Providing advice and information to health 25% 16% 22% 25% 25% 26% 26% professionals Management of staff 22% 13% 25% 28% 23% 20% 14% Patient consultations 21% 27% 22% 20% 21% 22% 21% Providing treatment 16% 14% 13% 15% 17% 17% 19% to patients Medicines reconciliation pre- / 13% 4% 7% 9% 13% 15% 19% post-discharge Diagnosing of minor 12% 16% 11% 10% 10% 12% 17% ailments Repeat prescription 12% 12% 8% 10% 11% 14% 14% management Governance, policy, regulation and other 12% 13% 18% 18% 14% 7% 2% administrative work Education, training, mentoring and 9% 8% 12% 12% 11% 8% 2% tutoring Any other clinical 8% 3% 7% 8% 10% 9% 8% work Routine tasks to manage the 6% 7% 7% 6% 5% 6% 8% pharmacy environment Risk management 5% 5% 7% 9% 6% 4% 1% Prescribing (any 5% 2% 4% 6% 7% 5% <0.5% setting) Research, innovation, audit and 5% 5% 6% 7% 6% 3% 2% quality improvement Other 2% 3% 3% 4% 2% 1% <0.5% Preparation and manufacturing of 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% medicinal products Development and 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% <0.5% management of

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Main Before 1980- 1990- 2000- 2010- 2016 or Overall responsibilities 1979 1989 1999 2009 2015 after pharmacy IT systems and technology Home visits or domiciliary reviews 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% <0.5% (care homes and care at home) Quality assurance of medicinal products 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% and/ or their distribution Diagnosing in 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% specialist area(s) Base 12,016 472 1,497 1,895 3,181 3,259 1,712

There was also some variation by whether or not pharmacists were patient facing in their main role. Amongst those who were patient facing the top three responsibilities were:

1. ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (68%) 2. ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ (57%) 3. ‘Patient consultations’ (24%)

However, amongst pharmacists who were not patient facing, the three most common responsibilities were:

1. ‘Providing advice and information to health professionals’ (42%) 2. ‘Governance, policy, regulation and other administrative work’ (41%) 3. ‘Management of staff’ (33%)

This is shown in Figure 137.

Figure 137 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by whether patient facing Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Patient Non-patient Main responsibilities Overall facing facing Providing advice and information to patients and 61% 68% 7% carers Supplying medicines and 51% 57% 8% medical devices Providing advice and information to health 25% 23% 42% professionals Management of staff 22% 20% 33% Patient consultations 21% 24% <0.5% Providing treatment to 16% 18% 3% patients Medicines reconciliation 13% 14% 2% pre- / post-discharge Diagnosing of minor 12% 13% <0.5% ailments

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Patient Non-patient Main responsibilities Overall facing facing Repeat prescription 12% 13% 4% management Governance, policy, regulation and other 12% 8% 41% administrative work Education, training, 9% 6% 31% mentoring and tutoring Any other clinical work 8% 9% 1% Routine tasks to manage 6% 7% 2% the pharmacy environment Risk management 5% 4% 18% Prescribing (any setting) 5% 6% 1% Research, innovation, audit and quality 5% 2% 25% improvement Other 2% <0.5% 13% Preparation and manufacturing of medicinal 2% 1% 5% products Development and management of pharmacy 2% 1% 6% IT systems and technology Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and 1% 2% 1% care at home) Quality assurance of medicinal products and/ or 1% 1% 8% their distribution Diagnosing in specialist 1% 1% <0.5% area(s) Base 12,016 10,673 1,343

Pharmacy technicians Figure 138 presents main responsibilities that pharmacy technicians have in their main job (when asked to choose their main three) by sex and age. As can be seen, larger proportions of females listed ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ than males (63% compared with 51%), ‘routine tasks to manage the pharmacy environment’ (35% compared with 23%), and ‘repeat prescription management’ (22% compared with 16%) within their three main responsibilities. Males, however, were more likely to list ‘management of staff’ as a main responsibility (29% compared with 20%). By age, the youngest and the oldest age groups were more likely to identify ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ as a main responsibility (76% and 73% respectively) than other age groups (58% to 64%). Those aged 16-24 also more commonly listed ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ as a main responsibility (60%) than those from other age groups (36% to 45%).

Figure 138 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Main Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities Supplying medicines 61% 51% 63% 76% 64% 58% 60% 63% 73% and medical devices

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Main Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities Providing advice and information to 44% 41% 44% 60% 45% 42% 43% 45% 36% patients and carers Routine tasks to manage the 34% 23% 35% 36% 34% 31% 34% 39% 34% pharmacy environment Repeat prescription 22% 16% 22% 26% 19% 20% 23% 25% 35% management Management of staff 21% 29% 20% 13% 19% 23% 24% 19% 20% Medicines reconciliation 20% 20% 19% 17% 23% 22% 17% 15% 20% pre/post-discharge Providing advice and information to health 15% 18% 15% 14% 18% 17% 13% 13% 5% professionals Education, training, mentoring and 14% 14% 14% 4% 12% 15% 14% 15% 11% tutoring Preparation and manufacturing of 9% 10% 9% 8% 12% 9% 9% 7% 9% medicinal products Providing treatment 8% 11% 8% 16% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% to patients Governance, policy, regulation and other 7% 11% 7% 2% 7% 9% 7% 7% 5% administrative work Research, innovation, audit and 4% 5% 4% 3% 4% 5% 4% 3% 3% quality improvement Patient consultations 3% 6% 4% 3% 4% 5% 4% 3% 2% Risk management 3% 2% 3% - 2% 4% 4% 2% 2% Home visits or domiciliary reviews 3% 2% 3% - 3% 3% 3% 3% - (care homes and care at home) Development and management of pharmacy IT 3% 7% 2% - 3% 3% 3% 1% 3% systems and technology Quality assurance of medicinal products 2% 5% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 4% and/ or their distribution Any other clinical 2% 2% 2% 4% 3% 1% 2% 1% 2% work Other 2% 2% 2% - 1% 2% 2% 2% - Diagnosing of minor 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% ailments Diagnosing in <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - specialist area(s)

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Main Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ responsibilities Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

There was again some variation in main responsibilities by setting of main job, as shown in Figure 139. Amongst pharmacy technicians working in a community setting only, the three most common responsibilities were:

• ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ (82%) • ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (61%) • ‘Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy environment’ (49%)

Amongst pharmacy technicians working in a secondary care setting only, the three most common were:

• ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ (54%) • ‘Medicines reconciliation pre- / post-discharge’ (38%) • ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (31%)

For pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting only, the three most common were:

• ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (43%) • ‘Repeat prescription management’ (38%) • ‘Medicines reconciliation pre- / post-discharge’ (35%)

Figure 139 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Main responsibilities Overall only care only care only settings settings Supplying medicines and 61% 82% 54% 29% 26% 37% medical devices Providing advice and information to patients 44% 61% 31% 43% 21% 36% and carers Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy 34% 49% 26% 17% 16% 18% environment Repeat prescription 22% 37% 3% 38% 19% 18% management Management of staff 21% 17% 29% 15% 17% 17% Medicines reconciliation 20% 2% 38% 35% 13% 22% pre/post-discharge Providing advice and information to health 15% 8% 17% 27% 32% 30% professionals Education, training, 14% 6% 20% 9% 22% 21% mentoring and tutoring Preparation and manufacturing of 9% 3% 18% 1% 6% 5% medicinal products

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Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Main responsibilities Overall only care only care only settings settings Providing treatment to 8% 6% 10% 8% 12% 9% patients Governance, policy, regulation and other 7% 3% 8% 9% 22% 14% administrative work Research, innovation, audit and quality 4% <0.5% 5% 7% 14% 18% improvement Patient consultations 3% 3% 5% 11% 2% 4% Risk management 3% 1% 3% 5% 8% 8% Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and 3% 2% <0.5% 18% 6% 11% care at home) Development and management of 3% <0.5% 5% 1% 5% 4% pharmacy IT systems and technology Quality assurance of medicinal products and/ 2% 1% 4% 2% 5% 2% or their distribution Any other clinical work 2% 1% 2% 4% 2% 3% Other 2% <0.5% 2% 3% 7% 5% Diagnosing of minor 1% 3% <0.5% <0.5% 1% 1% ailments Diagnosing in specialist <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - area(s) Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

Looking at main responsibilities by year of registration, it is evident that those who had registered since 2016 more commonly listed ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (71% compared with 59%), ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (56% compared with 41%) and ‘routine tasks to manage the pharmacy environment’ (40% compared with 32%) as responsibilities than those registered between 2010 and 2015. Those who registered before 2016 were more likely to identify ‘management of staff’ and ‘Education, training, mentoring and tutoring’ as main responsibilities (23% and 15% respectively) than those who had registered since 2016 (14% and 7% respectively). This is shown in Figure 140.

Figure 140 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

2016 or Main responsibilities Overall 2010-2015 after Supplying medicines and medical 61% 59% 71% devices Providing advice and information to 44% 41% 56% patients and carers Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy 34% 32% 40% environment Repeat prescription management 22% 21% 22% Management of staff 21% 23% 14%

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2016 or Main responsibilities Overall 2010-2015 after Medicines reconciliation pre/post- 20% 20% 17% discharge Providing advice and information to 15% 16% 13% health professionals Education, training, mentoring and 14% 15% 7% tutoring Preparation and manufacturing of 9% 9% 11% medicinal products Providing treatment to patients 8% 8% 10% Governance, policy, regulation and 7% 8% 4% other administrative work Research, innovation, audit and quality 4% 5% 3% improvement Patient consultations 3% 4% 4% Risk management 3% 4% 2% Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care 3% 3% 2% homes and care at home) Development and management of 3% 3% 1% pharmacy IT systems and technology Quality assurance of medicinal products 2% 2% 3% and/ or their distribution Any other clinical work 2% 2% 2% Other 2% 2% 1% Diagnosing of minor ailments 1% 1% 2% Diagnosing in specialist area(s) <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Base 5,084 4,019 1,066

Amongst pharmacy technicians who were patient facing, the three most common main responsibilities were:

1. ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ (67%) 2. ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (51%) 3. ‘Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy environment’ (36%)

However, amongst pharmacy technicians who were not patient facing, the three most common were:

1. ‘Management of staff’ (33%) 2. ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ (28%) 3. ‘Education, training, mentoring and tutoring’ (26%)

This is shown in Figure 141.

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Figure 141 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by whether patient facing Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Non- Patient Main responsibilities Overall patient facing facing Supplying medicines and medical 61% 67% 28% devices Providing advice and information to 44% 51% 6% patients and carers Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy 34% 36% 20% environment Repeat prescription management 22% 24% 6% Management of staff 21% 19% 33% Medicines reconciliation pre/post- 20% 22% 4% discharge Providing advice and information to 15% 14% 23% health professionals Education, training, mentoring and 14% 11% 26% tutoring Preparation and manufacturing of 9% 7% 22% medicinal products Providing treatment to patients 8% 8% 7% Governance, policy, regulation and 7% 5% 19% other administrative work Research, innovation, audit and quality 4% 3% 11% improvement Patient consultations 3% 5% <0.5% Risk management 3% 3% 7% Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care 3% 3% 2% homes and care at home) Development and management of 3% 1% 9% pharmacy IT systems and technology Quality assurance of medicinal products 2% 1% 9% and/ or their distribution Any other clinical work 2% 2% 1% Other 2% 1% 8% Diagnosing of minor ailments 1% 2% <0.5% Diagnosing in specialist area(s) <0.5% <0.5% - Base 5,084 4,307 777

4.10 Satisfaction in main job Overall Registrants were asked how satisfied they were in their main job and were able to choose from a scale of ‘very satisfied’ to ‘very dissatisfied’. Overall, 65% of registrants said they were satisfied in their job (combining ‘very satisfied’ and ‘satisfied’). However, this was much higher amongst pharmacy technicians (74%) than pharmacists (60%), as shown in Figure 142. More than a fifth (22%) of pharmacists said they were not satisfied in their main job, compared with 11% of pharmacy technicians (combining ‘very dissatisfied’ and ‘dissatisfied’).

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Figure 142 – Satisfaction in main job by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

74% 65% 60%

22% 16% 17% 19% 14% 11%

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists Figure 143 summarises the differences in main job satisfaction amongst pharmacists by sex and age. As can be seen, a larger proportion of females were satisfied in their job (63%) than males (56%). By age, the overall pattern was that satisfaction increased by age. A large majority of those aged 65 and above reported they were satisfied (75%), and only 10% were dissatisfied, whereas only 58% of 16-24 year olds reported satisfaction, with 21% reporting dissatisfaction.

Figure 143 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Job Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ satisfaction Satisfied 60% 56% 63% 58% 57% 60% 64% 65% 75% Neither satisfied nor 17% 18% 16% 22% 18% 18% 15% 14% 15% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 22% 26% 20% 21% 25% 22% 21% 22% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

As shown in Figure 144, pharmacists from an Asian background were more likely to be dissatisfied in their role (25%) than those from other races/ethnicities, in particular those from White British (18%), White other (19%) and Black backgrounds (18%). Seven in ten of those from a White British background were satisfied (70%), higher than any other race/ethnicity (54% to 64%).

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Figure 144 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

White White Job satisfaction Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Satisfied 60% 70% 62% 63% 54% 59% 64% Neither satisfied 17% 12% 20% 16% 21% 22% 19% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 22% 18% 19% 22% 25% 18% 17% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 4,800 803 133 4,158 754 268

There were also some differences in job satisfaction by location. Pharmacists working in Scotland in their main job reported a higher level of satisfaction in their role (69%), than those working in other locations (57% to 60%) and a lower level of dissatisfaction (19% compared with 23% to 24%). This is summarised in Figure 145.

Figure 145 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

England Job satisfaction Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Satisfied 60% 60% 69% 60% 57% Neither satisfied nor 17% 18% 12% 17% 19% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 22% 23% 19% 23% 24% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

By setting in their main job, those working in primary care only or in an other setting only were more likely to be satisfied (both 83%) than those working in any other setting (50% to 71%), in particular compared with those working in a community setting only, who reported the lowest level of satisfaction (50%). Those working in community pharmacy only were also most likely to be dissatisfied (29%). These differences are shown in Figure 146.

Figure 146 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Job satisfaction Overall only care only care only settings settings Satisfied 60% 50% 71% 83% 83% 71% Neither satisfied nor 17% 21% 14% 11% 10% 12% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 22% 29% 15% 6% 7% 17% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Figure 147 shows the level of satisfaction across all settings and sub-settings worked by pharmacists in their main job. Only settings and sub-settings in which 30 pharmacists or more worked in their main job have been included in the analysis. As shown, satisfaction was consistently high amongst all settings and sub-settings, except for in community pharmacy.

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However, within community pharmacy the levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction were similar across all sub-settings.

Figure 147 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by all settings and sub-settings of main job Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

50% Community pharmacy - all 20% 29% 51% Community pharmacy - independent pharmacy or chain 21% 28% 50% Community pharmacy - small to medium multiple chain 22% 29% 48% Community pharmacy - large multiple pharmacy chain 20% 32% 81% Primary care - all 11% 8% 82% Primary care - general practice 10% 8% 83% Primary care - urgent care provider/service 8% 9% 81% Primary care - care home 11% 9% 73% Other primary care provider/organisation 19% 8% 71% Secondary care - all 14% 15% 71% Secondary care - hospital pharmacy 14% 15% 68% Secondary care - urgent care provider/service 17% 15% Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability 74% 12% Service/Trust 14% 72% Secondary care - hospice 9% 20% 67% Prison pharmacy 15% 19% 81% Healthcare commissioning organisation 9% 10% 79% Research, education and training 11% 10% 87% Pharmaceutical industry 7% 5% 78% Other 13% Satisfied 9% Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Previous analysis in Figure 126 shows that 89% of those working in a community setting only in their main job were patient facing all or most of the time and those working in a

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community setting only reported higher levels of dissatisfaction, as shown in Figure 146 and in Figure 147. This helps explain why a larger proportion of pharmacists who were patient facing were dissatisfied (24%) than those who were non-patient facing (9%), as shown in Figure 148.

Figure 148 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by whether patient facing Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

80%

58%

24% 18% 11% 9%

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Patient facing Non patient facing

By year of registration, those who registered before 1979 were more likely to be satisfied in their main job (75%) than other groups (56% to 64%). In terms of dissatisfaction, this was fairly consistent across all groups (22% to 24%), with the exception of those registered before 1979 (14%). This is summarised in Figure 149.

Figure 149 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by year of registration Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Before 2016 or Job satisfaction Overall 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2015 1979 after Satisfied 60% 75% 64% 63% 60% 59% 56% Neither satisfied 17% 11% 14% 15% 18% 17% 22% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 22% 14% 22% 22% 22% 24% 22% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 472 1,497 1,895 3,181 3,259 1,712

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 150, female pharmacy technicians were more commonly satisfied in their role than males (75% compared with 69%). As also seen with pharmacists, a larger proportion of pharmacy technicians aged 65 and above were satisfied in their main job (89%) than other age groups (73% to 76%). Only around one tenth of all age groups were dissatisfied (9% to 12%), except those aged 65 and above where this fell to 5%.

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Figure 150 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Job Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ satisfaction Satisfied 74% 69% 75% 76% 74% 73% 74% 75% 89% Neither satisfied 14% 17% 14% 15% 15% 14% 14% 14% 7% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 11% 14% 11% 9% 11% 12% 12% 10% 5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

As shown in Figure 151 there was little variation by race/ethnicity, although those from a Mixed background reported a higher level of satisfaction (81%) than other races/ethnicities (74% to 78%), but the small base size of that group should be noted.

Figure 151 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

White White Job satisfaction Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Satisfied 74% 74% 78% 81% 75% 75% *** Neither satisfied 14% 13% 14% 9% 19% 18% *** nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 11% 12% 8% 10% 6% 7% *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 5,084 3,902 139 49 667 124 27

Figure 152 summarises the differences in job satisfaction by main job location. As shown, pharmacy technicians in Wales were more likely to be satisfied in their job (78%) compared with those working in other locations (71% to 75%). However, levels of dissatisfaction were fairly consistent across all locations (9% to 12%).

Figure 152 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

England London Job satisfaction Overall (inc. Scotland Wales (only) London) Satisfied 74% 74% 75% 78% 71% Neither satisfied nor 14% 14% 15% 12% 20% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 11% 12% 11% 9% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 4,173 566 313 481

As seen with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians working in primary care only reported high levels of satisfaction (82%), higher than those working in community pharmacy only (72%), secondary care only (75%) and multiple settings (74%). This is shown in Figure 153.

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Figure 153 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Job satisfaction Overall only care only care only settings settings Satisfied 74% 72% 75% 82% 79% 74% Neither satisfied nor 14% 15% 14% 11% 12% 20% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 11% 13% 11% 7% 8% 6% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

Figure 154 shows the level of satisfaction across all settings and sub-settings worked by pharmacy technicians in their main job. As with pharmacists, only settings and sub-settings in which 30 pharmacy technicians or more worked in their main job have been included in the analysis. For pharmacy technicians, there was some variation across sub-settings within community pharmacy. Pharmacy technicians working in independent pharmacies reported a higher level of satisfaction (77%) than those working within other community pharmacy sub- settings (68% to 70%) and a lower level of dissatisfaction (9% compared with 13% to 14%).

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Figure 154 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by all settings and sub- settings of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

72% Community pharmacy - all 16% 13% Community pharmacy - independent pharmacy or 77% 14% chain 9% Community pharmacy - small to medium multiple 68% 19% chain 13% Community pharmacy - large multiple pharmacy 70% 15% chain 14% 79% Primary care - all 14% 7% 77% Primary care - general practice 14% 9% 66% Primary care - care home 25% 9% 92% Other primary care provider/organisation 7% 1% 75% Secondary care - all 14% 11% 75% Secondary care - hospital pharmacy 14% 11% 88% Secondary care - urgent care provider/service 8% 4% Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning 78% 10% Disability Service/Trust 12% 79% Prison pharmacy 9% 12% 80% Healthcare commissioning organisation 13% 8% 77% Research, education and training 15% 8% 66% Pharmaceutical industry 32% 2% 86% Armed forces 10% 4% 77% Other 16% Satisfied 7% Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

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As shown in Figure 155, there was no difference in main job satisfaction by whether or not pharmacists were patient facing.

Figure 155 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by whether patient facing Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

74% 74%

15% 14% 11% 11%

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Patient facing Non patient facing

By year of registration, the level of satisfaction was similar amongst pharmacy technicians that had registered between 2010 and 2015 (74%) and since 2016 (77%), as shown in Figure 156.

Figure 156 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians who had at least one paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (5,084)

2016 or Job satisfaction Overall 2010-2015 after Satisfied 74% 74% 77% Neither satisfied nor 14% 15% 13% dissatisfied Dissatisfied 11% 12% 10% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 4,019 1,066

4.11 Second pharmacy job Overall Registrants who reported having a second job were asked to provide details about this job such as the settings in which they worked, the number of hours they worked in this role and their employment status in the role. Overall, 11% of the sample reported they had a second job, with 9% having two jobs, 1% having three jobs and 1% having four or more jobs.

Pharmacists Amongst all pharmacists, 14% reported they had a second job and amongst pharmacists who currently had at least one paid pharmacy role, 15% had a second job. This section uses the latter group for analysis purposes. The majority of second jobs for pharmacists were across one setting only (97%) and the mean number of hours worked in second jobs by

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pharmacists was 12.1 hours a week. Nine in ten pharmacists’ second jobs were part-time (90%).

As shown in Figure 157, there was little variation by main job location in relation to having a second job.

Figure 157 – Second jobs amongst pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

England (inc. Second job status Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Have second job 15% 16% 13% 13% 17% Do not have second 85% 84% 87% 87% 83% job TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 12,016 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

Second jobs were most commonly in a community setting (57%), with 29% in an independent pharmacy or chain and 26% in a large multiple chain, as shown in Figure 158.

Figure 158 summarises settings worked in amongst pharmacists in their second job by sex and age group. As shown, males were more likely to work in a community setting than females in their second job (61% compared with 54%). Those aged 16-24 were much more likely to work in a community setting in their second job (95%) compared with other age groups (47% to 68%).

Figure 158 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (1,851)

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Community – all 57% 61% 54% 95% 64% 53% 47% 49% 68% Community pharmacy – 29% 33% 26% 50% 31% 25% 23% 30% 42% independent Community pharmacy – 15% 16% 14% 32% 17% 14% 13% 9% 12% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 26% 26% 26% 40% 31% 26% 20% 20% 18% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 1% 2% 1% 6% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% online only pharmacy Primary care – all 16% 18% 15% - 13% 20% 21% 13% 6% Primary care – 13% 14% 11% - 11% 16% 16% 9% 4% general practice Primary care – urgent care 3% 4% 2% - 2% 5% 3% 2% 2% provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% - - 1% hospice

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% - - - <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% Disability Service/Trust Primary care – 1% 1% 1% - <0.5% 1% 1% - 2% care home Primary care - online only <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 1% <0.5% - - - prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 1% <0.5% 1% - <0.5% <0.5% 2% 3% - organisation Secondary care – 8% 6% 10% 5% 9% 10% 8% 7% 5% all Secondary care – hospital 7% 6% 8% 5% 7% 8% 7% 7% 5% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% <0.5% 1% - <0.5% 2% <0.5% - - provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 1% <0.5% 1% - 1% <0.5% 1% - 2% Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% - <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% - - - Service/Trust Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% - <0.5% - provider/ organisation Prison pharmacy <0.5% <0.5% 1% - <0.5% 1% 1% 1% - Healthcare commissioning 3% 2% 3% - 1% 3% 5% 5% - organisation Research, education or 11% 8% 13% - 8% 12% 13% 12% 13% training Pharmaceutical 1% 2% 1% - 1% 1% <0.5% 5% 9% industry Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 1% - <0.5% - - Other 6% 7% 6% - 4% 3% 9% 14% 7% Base 1,851 808 1,042 35 680 488 359 230 59

‘Other’ settings included community health services, local pharmaceutical committees, regulation, consultancy and digital healthcare, amongst others. For the full list see the appendices.

Figure 159 summarises the differences by race/ethnicity. As shown, pharmacists from a White British background less commonly worked in community pharmacy in their second job (43%) than any other race/ethnicity (62% to 76%). This was driven by smaller proportions of

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those from a White British background working in their second job in independent pharmacies (20%), small to medium chains (12%) and large multiples (20%), than pharmacists from other races/ethnicities. Pharmacists from a White British background more commonly worked in research, education or training (20%) in their second job than those from any other race/ethnicity (2% to 7%).

Figure 159 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (1,851)

White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Community – all 57% 43% 67% *** 62% 70% 76% Community pharmacy – 29% 20% 34% *** 34% 26% 41% independent Community pharmacy – 15% 12% 18% *** 14% 24% 20% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 26% 20% 36% *** 25% 45% 27% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 1% 1% 1% *** 2% 2% 6% online only pharmacy Primary care – all 16% 17% 9% *** 19% 11% 14% Primary care – general 13% 12% 9% *** 14% 7% 9% practice Primary care – urgent 3% 2% - *** 4% 3% 4% care provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% - *** <0.5% - 2% Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% - - *** <0.5% 1% - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% 1% 1% *** <0.5% 1% - home Primary care – online <0.5% - - *** 1% - - only prescribing service Other primary care 1% 2% 1% *** 1% - - provider/organisation Secondary care – all 8% 9% 8% *** 8% 10% 3% Secondary care – 7% 8% 7% *** 7% 8% 1% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% - *** 1% 1% - provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 1% <0.5% - *** 1% 1% - Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% 1% *** <0.5% - - Service/Trust Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% - *** - - 2% provider/organisation Prison pharmacy <0.5% <0.5% - *** 1% 1% 2% Healthcare commissioning 3% 4% 2% *** 3% 2% - organisation Research, education or 11% 20% 7% *** 7% 2% 2% training

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White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% 2% *** 1% 1% - Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% - *** <0.5% - - Other 6% 9% 7% *** 4% 5% 11% Base 1,851 656 115 18 696 151 49

As shown in Figure 160, pharmacists in London more commonly worked in a community setting in their second job (66%) than pharmacists working in other locations (54% to 57%). Four in ten pharmacists working in London who had a second job worked in an independent (40%), higher than those working in other locations (19% to 32%). However, they less commonly worked in large multiples (22%) than those working in Scotland (29%) and Wales (30%) and the level was about the same as those working in England (25%).

Figure 160 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by main job location Base: Pharmacists who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (1,851)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Community – all 57% 57% 54% 56% 66% Community pharmacy – 29% 29% 19% 32% 40% independent Community pharmacy – 15% 15% 16% 14% 16% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 26% 25% 29% 30% 22% large multiple chain Community pharmacy – 1% 2% - - 2% online only pharmacy Primary care – all 16% 16% 17% 21% 12% Primary care – general 13% 13% 14% 12% 10% practice Primary care – urgent 3% 3% <0.5% 10% 1% care provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% - - - Primary care – Mental Health & Learning <0.5% <0.5% - - - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care 1% <0.5% 1% 3% 1% home Primary care – online <0.5% <0.5% - - - only prescribing service Other primary care 1% 1% 3% - 1% provider/organisation Secondary care – all 8% 9% 6% 4% 10% Secondary care – 7% 8% 5% 4% 8% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 1% 1% <0.5% - - provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 1% 1% - 2% 1% Learning Disability Service/Trust

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England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% Service/Trust Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% 1% - - provider/organisation Prison pharmacy <0.5% 1% - - - Healthcare commissioning 3% 3% 1% 3% 2% organisation Research, education or 11% 11% 13% 12% 9% training Pharmaceutical industry 1% 1% - 2% 2% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% - 2% - Other 6% 6% 11% 3% 4% Base 1,851 1,602 153 75 292

Figure 161 compares a summary of settings in second jobs held by pharmacists compared with settings in their main job. As shown, seven in ten pharmacists who only worked in a community setting in their main job also only worked in a community setting in their second job (72%). Regardless of the setting of their main job, for all groups the most common setting in their second job was community pharmacy. Over four in ten pharmacists working only in primary care or secondary care in their main job worked in community only in their second job (45%).

Figure 161 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (1,851)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Settings Overall only care only care only settings settings Community only 55% 72% 45% 45% 32% 34% Secondary care only 7% 3% 20% 6% 8% 10% Primary care only 15% 10% 8% 32% 14% 18% Other setting only 20% 13% 23% 15% 43% 29% Multiple settings 3% 2% 3% 3% 3% 9% Base 1,851 884 270 309 215 173

In their second job, just under half of pharmacists said they were locums (45%) and a further 16% said they were self-employed freelancers or contractors. This is shown in Figure 162.

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Figure 162 – Pharmacists’ employment status in second job Base: Pharmacists who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (1,851)

45%

35%

16%

4%

Employee Business owner Locum Self employed / freelancer / contractor

Pharmacy technicians Only 4% of all pharmacy technicians reported having a second job and the same proportion of those who were working in a paid pharmacy role had a second job. This section uses the latter group for analysis purposes. The majority of second jobs for pharmacy technicians were across one setting only (95%) and the mean number of hours worked in second jobs by pharmacy technicians was 13.6 hours a week.

The proportion of pharmacy technicians with a second job varied between 3% and 7% across main job locations, as shown in Figure 163.

Figure 163 – Second jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

England (inc. Second job status Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Have second job 4% 5% 3% 3% 7% Do not have second 96% 95% 97% 97% 93% job TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,084 4,173 566 313 481

As with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians most commonly worked in a community setting in their second job (35%) and this was more likely to be in an independent pharmacy (15%) or large multiple (18%) than in a small to medium chain (7%). A further quarter (27%) worked in secondary care, 15% in research, education and training and 10% in primary care. Figure 164 shows the settings worked in across these second jobs. Due to low base sizes for subgroups, further analysis is not shown.

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Figure 164 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians in their second job Base: Pharmacy technicians who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (218)

Community pharmacy - all 35% Community pharmacy - independent pharmacy or 15% chain Community pharmacy - small to medium multiple 7% chain Community pharmacy - large multiple pharmacy 18% chain

Community pharmacy - online only pharmacy 1%

Primary care - all 10%

Primary care - general practice 9% Primary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability 1% Service/Trust

Primary care - care home 2%

Secondary care - all 27%

Secondary care - hospital pharmacy 24%

Secondary care - urgent care provider/service 1% Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning 2% Disability Service/Trust

Other secondary care provider/organisation <0.5%0%

Prison pharmacy 7%

Healthcare commissioning organisation 5%

Research, education and training 15%

Armed forces 1%

Other 6%

As shown in Figure 165, seven in ten (72%) said they were employees in their second job and 20% were locums.

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Figure 165 – Pharmacy technicians’ employment status in second job Base: Pharmacy technicians who had a second paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (218)

72%

20%

7% 1%

Employee Business owner Locum Self employed / freelancer / contractor As only a small number (218) of pharmacy technicians reported having a second job, the base sizes for different subgroups are too small for analysis, for example by sex, age, race/ethnicity, location and setting.

4.12 Third pharmacy job Overall If a registrant reported they had a third job they were also asked to provide further details such as the settings in which they worked, the number of hours they worked in this role and their employment status in the role. Overall, only 2% of registrants said they had a third job.

Pharmacists A small proportion of pharmacists reported having a third job (3%). The most common setting reported for third jobs by pharmacists was again a community pharmacy setting (58%), which was followed by primary care (10%). Pharmacists with third jobs on average spent 10.5 hours per week working in them and 50% of those who had a third job said it was a locum role.

Subgroup analysis is not possible due to low base sizes.

Pharmacy technicians Less than 0.5% of pharmacy technicians held a third job. This equated to 22 pharmacy technicians, so further analysis is not possible due to the low base size.

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4.13 Hours per week across all pharmacy jobs Overall Registrants were asked how many hours they worked in a typical week across all of their pharmacy jobs and were able to provide figures to one decimal place.

Overall, the mean number of hours registrants worked across all pharmacy jobs was 37.0, which was slightly higher than the figure for main jobs only (35.1). Pharmacists reported a mean of 38.2 hours across all jobs and pharmacy technicians worked an average of 34.2 hours across all jobs, as shown in Figure 166.

Figure 166 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

38.2 37.0

34.2

Overall mean no. of hours Pharmacist mean no. of hours Pharmacy technician mean no. of hours Across all pharmacy jobs, 79% of registrants worked full-time (more than 30 hours in a typical week) and 21% worked part-time. Figure 167 shows the differences between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. As shown, a larger proportion of pharmacists worked full-time hours across all pharmacy jobs (81%) than pharmacy technicians (76%), whereas pharmacy technicians more commonly worked part-time (24% compared with 19%).

Figure 167 – Full-time / part-time working across all pharmacy jobs by registrant type Base: Respondents currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (17,100)

81% 79% 76%

24% 21% 19%

Full-time Part-time

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

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Pharmacists Male pharmacists reported working a higher number of mean hours in a typical week across all jobs than females (43.3 compared with 35.2). By age group, those aged 16-24 worked the most hours on average (41.5), with mean hours reducing with increasing age, down to 27.6 hours on average for those aged 65 and above. This is summarised in Figure 168.

Figure 168 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Hours Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Mean no. of hours per 38.2 43.3 35.2 41.5 40.1 37.8 37.6 35.5 27.6 week Base 12,016 4,541 7,469 391 4,494 3,292 2,170 1,382 286

By location of their main jobs, pharmacists working in London commonly worked more hours per week (40.7 hours) than those working in other locations (35.7 to 38.6 hours), as in Figure 169.

Figure 169 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists who had at least one paid pharmacy related job in Great Britain (12,016)

40.7 38.6 35.7 36.6

England mean no. of Scotland mean no. of Wales mean no. of London mean no. of hours hours hours hours

By race/ethnicity, pharmacists from a White British background worked fewer hours on average in a typical week (35.5 hours) than pharmacists from other races/ethnicities (38.4 to 40.8 hours), as shown in Figure 170.

Figure 170 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

White White Hours Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Mean no. of hours 38.2 35.5 39.6 38.4 39.8 40.8 38.4 per week Base 12,016 4,800 803 133 4,158 754 268

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As shown in Figure 171 pharmacists working in multiple settings across their pharmacy jobs worked on average more hours (42.4 hours) than those working across any other setting (36.7 to 39.3).

Figure 171 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by settings across all pharmacy jobs Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Hours Overall only care only care only settings settings Mean no. of hours 38.2 39.3 36.9 36.7 38.3 42.4 per week Base 12,016 7,522 2,473 1,158 1,279 638

Figure 172 shows the mean number of hours worked per week by pharmacists in each pharmacy related job and across all pharmacy related jobs. As can be seen the largest mean number of hours was in main jobs (35.8) and this decreased in second and third jobs (12.1 and 10.5).

Figure 172 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week in main, second and third jobs and across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists Base: Pharmacists currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (12,016)

All Hours Main job Second job Third job pharmacy jobs Mean no. of hours 35.8 12.1 10.5 38.2 per week Base 12,016 1,851 355 12,016

Pharmacy technicians As seen with pharmacists, male pharmacy technicians on average worked more hours in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs than females (39.5 compared with 33.5). Again, younger pharmacy technicians were most likely to work longer hours across all of their jobs on average (38.9), as shown in Figure 173.

Figure 173 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Hours Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Mean no. of hours per 34.2 39.5 33.5 38.9 35.5 34.0 34.1 32.1 26.9 week Base 5,084 623 4,460 156 1,283 1,378 1,437 787 44

By location of main jobs, pharmacy technicians working in London more commonly worked longer hours on average across all of their jobs (37.8) compared with those working in other locations (32.7 to 34.3). This is shown in Figure 174.

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Figure 174 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

37.8

34.3 34.1 32.7

England mean no. of Scotland mean no. of Wales mean no. of London mean no. of hours hours hours hours

By race/ethnicity, like pharmacists, pharmacy technicians from a White British background worked fewer hours on average in a typical week (33.6 hours) than those from other races/ethnicities (34.7 to 38.0 hours), as shown in Figure 175.

Figure 175 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

White White Hours Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Mean no. of hours 34.2 33.6 34.8 34.7 36.4 38.0 *** per week Base 5,084 3,902 139 49 667 124 27

As shown in Figure 176, pharmacy technicians working in a community setting only (33.2), primary care setting only (33.4) or in a secondary care setting only (35.0) in any of their pharmacy jobs worked fewer hours in a typical week on average than those working in other settings (37.2) or across multiple settings (37.8).

Figure 176 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by settings across all pharmacy jobs Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Hours Overall only care only care only settings settings Mean no. of hours 34.2 33.2 35.0 33.4 37.2 37.8 per week Base 5,084 2,235 1,977 330 445 221

Figure 177 shows the mean number of hours worked per week by pharmacy technicians in each pharmacy related job and across all pharmacy related jobs. As can be seen the largest mean number of hours was in main jobs (33.3), as seen for pharmacists. Pharmacy technicians reported a higher mean number of hours in their third jobs (19.0) than their

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Figure 177 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week in main, second and third jobs and across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians Base: Pharmacy technicians currently working in a paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (5,084)

All Hours Main job Second job Third job pharmacy jobs Mean no. of hours 33.3 13.6 19.0 34.2 per week Base 5,084 218 22 5,084

4.14 Settings across all pharmacy jobs Pharmacists Figure 178 shows a comparison of settings across pharmacists’ main jobs, second jobs and third jobs. As shown, main jobs were more likely to be in a secondary care setting only (20%) than second and third jobs (7% and 4% respectively). Second jobs were more likely to be in primary care (15%) than main and third jobs (8% and 9% respectively). Three in ten third jobs (29%) and 20% of second jobs were in other settings only. This was largely driven by 11% of second jobs and 17% of third jobs being in research, education and training.

Figure 178 – Settings worked in, in main job, second job and third job by pharmacists Base: Pharmacists with a main job (12,016); Pharmacists with a second job (1,851); Pharmacists with a third job (355)

59% 55%55%

29% 20% 20% 15% 7% 8% 9% 8% 4% 5% 3% 3%

Community only Secondary care Primary care only Other setting only Multiple settings only

Main job Second job Third job

Pharmacy technicians Figure 179 shows a comparison of settings across pharmacy technicians’ main jobs and second jobs. Analysis of third job settings has not been included as only a small number of pharmacy technicians had third jobs. As shown, main jobs were more likely to be in a community setting only (43%) or in secondary care only (38%) than second jobs (32% and 24% respectively). Second jobs were much more likely to be in other settings only (30%)

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Figure 179 – Settings worked in, in main job, second job and third job by pharmacy technicians Base: Pharmacy technicians with a main job (5,084); Pharmacy technicians with a second job (218)

43% 38% 32% 30% 24%

8% 8% 6% 4% 5%

Community only Secondary care Primary care only Other setting only Multiple settings only

Main job Second job

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5. Non-pharmacy related jobs

Key findings

• 7% of pharmacists and 5% of pharmacy technicians had a non-pharmacy related job.

• The mean number of hours in a typical week in a non-pharmacy related job was 24.5 for pharmacists and 25.5 for pharmacy technicians.

• 61% of pharmacists who had a non-pharmacy role had a current paid pharmacy role in Great Britain and 39% did not.

• 73% of pharmacy technicians who had a non-pharmacy role also had a current paid pharmacy role and 27% did not.

5.1 Working in a non-pharmacy role Overall When asked their working status earlier in the survey, registrants were able to select if they worked outside of pharmacy. However, as this was a multiple-choice question about working status and this option could have been missed, registrants were explicitly asked if they worked in a paid non-pharmacy role later in the survey.

Overall, 6% of registrants said they had paid work in a non-pharmacy role. This was slightly higher amongst pharmacists (7%) than pharmacy technicians (5%).

Pharmacists Figure 180 summarises the differences by sex and between age groups. In relation to having non-pharmacy roles, there was little difference between males and females and by age. As also seen with questions about working hours, males worked more hours on average in a typical week in a non-pharmacy role than females (25.3 compared with 23.8) and younger pharmacists on average worked longer hours (28.8 hours for 16-24 year olds and 29.8 hours for 25-34 year olds) than other age groups (14.4 to 23.5).

Figure 180 – Pharmacists’ work in paid non-pharmacy roles by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Non- pharmacy Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ role Yes 7% 8% 6% 7% 5% 7% 8% 8% 7% No 93% 92% 94% 93% 95% 93% 92% 92% 93% Mean number of hours per 24.5 25.3 23.8 28.8 29.8 23.5 21.3 20.9 14.4 week in non- pharmacy job Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

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As shown in Figure 181, the proportion of pharmacists who had a non-pharmacy role was fairly consistent across all races/ethnicities. Pharmacists from a White British background on average worked fewer hours in non-pharmacy roles (21.4) in a typical week than those from other races/ethnicities (22.1 to 35.8).

Figure 181 – Pharmacists work in paid non-pharmacy roles by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Non-pharmacy White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other role British other Yes 7% 6% 8% 10% 6% 7% 5% No 93% 94% 92% 90% 94% 93% 95% Mean number of hours per week in 24.5 21.4 28.2 29.7 25.3 22.1 35.8 non-pharmacy job Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 182, in relation to having a non-pharmacy job there was little difference between males and females. However, males typically worked more hours in paid non- pharmacy roles (30.4) than females (24.6) in a week. By age, those aged 65 and above more commonly worked a non-pharmacy role (9%) than those from other age groups (2% to 6%) but worked fewer hours in them on average (16.7) than other groups (20.8 to 28.1 hours).

Figure 182 – Pharmacy technicians’ work in paid non-pharmacy roles by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Non- pharmacy Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ role Yes 5% 7% 5% 2% 6% 5% 6% 3% 9% No 95% 93% 95% 98% 94% 95% 94% 97% 91% Mean number of hours per 25.5 30.4 24.6 20.8 28.1 25.7 23.1 26.5 16.7 week in non- pharmacy job Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

As shown in Figure 183, as with pharmacists, the proportion of pharmacy technicians who had a non-paid pharmacy role was fairly consistent by race/ethnicity. Pharmacy technicians from an Asian background worked more hours on average in non-pharmacy roles in a typical week (31.8) than other races/ethnicities (19.7 to 26.8).

Figure 183 – Pharmacy technicians’ work in paid non-pharmacy roles by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Non-pharmacy White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other role British other Yes 5% 5% 6% 9% 5% 6% 15% No 95% 95% 94% 91% 95% 94% 85% Mean number of hours per week in 25.5 25.3 21.2 19.7 31.8 26.8 22.3 non-pharmacy job

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Non-pharmacy White White Overall Mixed Asian Black Other role British other Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

5.2 Pharmacy and non-pharmacy work Pharmacists Six in ten pharmacists who had a non-pharmacy role had a current paid pharmacy role in Great Britain (61%) and 39% did not. The proportions who had a current pharmacy role were similar between males and females, but by age there was some variation, as shown in Figure 184. Pharmacists aged 25-34 were more likely to not have a paid pharmacy role (53%) than other age groups (32% to 34%).

Figure 184 – Pharmacy role amongst pharmacists with a non-pharmacy role by sex and age Base: Pharmacists working in a non-pharmacy role (869)

Currently in pharmacy Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ role Yes 61% 63% 60% *** 47% 68% 66% 67% *** No 39% 37% 40% *** 53% 32% 34% 33% *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% *** 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 869 412 456 28 272 241 187 116 25

As shown in Figure 185, the mean number of hours worked across all pharmacy and non- pharmacy roles by pharmacists in a typical week was 36.6 hours. Males worked more hours on average in a typical week (41.6) than females (33.5) and the mean number of hours decreased by age, with those aged 16-24 working on average 40.7 hours and those aged 65+ working an average of 24.5 hours.

Figure 185 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy and non-pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Mean number Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ of hours Mean number of hours per week across 36.6 41.6 33.5 40.7 37.7 36.7 36.9 33.8 24.5 all jobs including non- pharmacy Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

Pharmacy technicians Three-quarters of pharmacy technicians who had a non-pharmacy role also had a current paid pharmacy role (73%) and 27% did not. A larger proportion of females did (76%) than males (61%). For some age groups, the base size is too small for analysis, but a larger proportion of those aged 45-54 (80%) had a pharmacy role than those aged 25-34 (71%) and 35-44 (72%). This is shown in Figure 186.

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Figure 186 – Pharmacy role amongst pharmacy technicians with a non-pharmacy role by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a non-pharmacy role (274)

Currently in pharmacy Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ role Yes 73% 61% 76% *** 71% 72% 80% *** *** No 27% 39% 24% *** 29% 28% 20% *** *** TOTAL 100% 100% 100% *** 100% 100% 100% *** *** Base 274 46 227 3 84 70 85 28 4

As shown in Figure 187, the mean number of hours worked across all pharmacy and non- pharmacy roles by pharmacists in a typical week was 34.4 hours. Males worked more hours on average in a typical week (40.0) than females (33.6) and the mean number of hours decreased by age, with those aged 16-24 working on average 38.1 hours and those aged 65+ working an average of 25.4 hours.

Figure 187 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy and non-pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Mean number Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ of hours Mean number of hours per week across 34.4 40.0 33.6 38.1 35.9 34.2 34.6 31.7 25.4 all jobs including non- pharmacy Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

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6. Community pharmacy

This chapter looks at community pharmacists’ and community pharmacy technicians’ main jobs, including job titles, settings in which they work, their employment status, hours worked, responsibilities and job satisfaction. Community pharmacists and community pharmacy technicians are defined as those working in a community setting within their main job, as the majority of questions about pharmacy work were asked about main jobs only.

For a full analysis of all settings worked in main jobs, see chapter 4.3 of the report.

Key findings

• Pharmacists who were working in a community setting in their main job most commonly reported their job title as ‘Pharmacist’ (41%).

• The most common job title amongst pharmacy technicians working in a community setting for their main job was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (51%), followed by ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (46%).

• 59% of pharmacists who worked in a community setting in their main job worked in a large multiple pharmacy chain and 36% worked in an independent pharmacy.

• 55% of pharmacy technicians working in community pharmacy worked in a large multiple pharmacy chain and 28% worked in an independent pharmacy or chain.

• 65% of pharmacists who worked in a community setting in their main job reported they were an employee and 22% said they were locums. By contrast, 98% of community pharmacy technicians were employees in their main job.

• 76% of community pharmacists worked full-time in their main job and 24% worked part-time. By contrast, 31% of pharmacy technicians worked part-time and 69% full-time.

• 89% of community pharmacists were patient facing all or most of the time in their main job, a larger proportion than community pharmacy technicians (73%).

• Amongst community pharmacists ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the most common main responsibility (79%), followed by ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (74%).

• For community pharmacy technicians, the most common main responsibility was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (81%), followed by ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (60%).

• 50% of community pharmacists were satisfied in their main job and 29% were dissatisfied. By contrast, 72% of pharmacy technicians working in community pharmacy were satisfied in their main job, and only 13% were dissatisfied.

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6.1 Job title in main job Pharmacists Pharmacists who were working in a community setting in their main job most commonly reported their job title as ‘Pharmacist’ (41%). The second most common title was ‘Pharmacist Manager’ (33%) and this was followed by ‘Locum Pharmacist (community)’ (27%). ‘Pharmacist Manager’ was more common in Scotland (40%) than other locations (29% to 33%) and less common in London (29%).

Pharmacy technicians The most common job title amongst pharmacy technicians working in a community setting for their main job was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (51%), followed by ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (46%). Pharmacy technicians working in community pharmacy in Scotland more commonly reported their main job title as ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (52%) than other locations (26% to 47%). By contrast, only 26% reported this as their main job title in London. Three-quarters of community pharmacy technicians in London said their job title was ‘Pharmacy technician’ (76%), which was higher than those working in other locations (44% to 52%).

6.2 Settings in community pharmacy in main job Pharmacists As shown in Figure 188, six in ten pharmacists who worked in a community setting in their main job worked in a large multiple pharmacy chain (59%). More than a third worked in an independent pharmacy or chain (36%) and 22% worked in a small to medium multiple pharmacy chain. The proportions working in independent pharmacy varied slightly by country (31% to 37%). However, community pharmacists working in London more commonly worked in an independent pharmacy or chain (56%) than those working in other locations. Four in ten community pharmacists in London worked in a large multiple (42%), which was lower than those working in other locations (58% to 62%).

Figure 188 – Community settings of main job amongst community pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

England Settings Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Community pharmacy – 36% 37% 31% 31% 56% independent Community pharmacy – 22% 22% 25% 23% 19% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 59% 59% 58% 62% 42% large multiple chain Online only pharmacy 3% 3% 1% 1% 2% Unspecified40 <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% Base 7,374 6,324 637 365 887

Pharmacy technicians More than half of pharmacy technicians working in community pharmacy worked in a large multiple pharmacy chain in their main job (55%) and a further 28% worked in an independent

40 Coded from other verbatim responses provided by registrants

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pharmacy or chain. As seen with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians working in London more commonly worked in an independent pharmacy or chain in their main job (48%) than those working in other locations (24% to 28%) and were less likely to work for a large multiple pharmacy chain (38% compared with 55% to 56%). This is summarised in Figure 189.

Figure 189 – Community settings of main job amongst community pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a community setting in main job (2,252)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Community pharmacy – 28% 28% 28% 24% 48% independent Community pharmacy – 18% 18% 18% 20% 16% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 55% 55% 56% 55% 38% large multiple chain Online only pharmacy 1% 1% <0.5% - - Unspecified <0.5% <0.5% - - <0.5% Base 2,252 1,780 278 174 160

6.3 Employment status in main job Pharmacists Almost two thirds of pharmacists who worked in a community setting in their main job reported they were an employee (65%) and 22% said they were locums in their main job. Only 9% were business owners. As shown in Figure 190, those in London and England were more likely to be locums (26% and 23% respectively) in their main job than those working in Scotland and Wales (15% and 18% respectively). Those in Scotland and Wales were more likely to be employees (79% and 71% respectively) than those in England (64%) and London (50%). One in six were business owners in London (16%), which was higher than those working in other locations (6% to 10%).

Figure 190 – Community pharmacists’ employment status in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

England Employment status Overall (inc. Scotland Wales London only London) Employee 65% 64% 79% 71% 50% Business owner 9% 10% 6% 10% 16% Locum 22% 23% 15% 18% 26% Self-employed / freelancer 3% 4% 1% 1% 8% / contractor TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 7,374 6,324 637 365 887

As shown in Figure 191, community pharmacists who worked full-time in their main job more commonly classed themselves as employees than those working part-time (69% compared with 52%), whilst those who were part-time in their main role were more commonly locums (41% compared with 16%).

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Figure 191 – Community pharmacists’ employment status in main job by full and part- time working in main job Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

69%

52% 41%

16% 11% 4% 4% 3%

Employee Business owner Locum Self-employed / freelancer / contractor

Full-time Part-time

Pharmacy technicians The vast majority of community pharmacy technicians were employees in their main job (98%). As so few community pharmacy technicians reported being anything other than employees (2%), no further analysis has been undertaken.

6.4 Full-time or part-time in main job Pharmacists Figure 192 illustrates whether community pharmacists worked full-time or part-time in their main role overall and by main job location. As shown, three quarters of community pharmacists worked full-time in their main role (76%) and 24% worked part-time. By main job location, the figures were similar across all locations, but those working in Scotland more commonly worked part-time (28%) than those in other locations (22% to 23%).

Figure 192 – Community pharmacists working full and part-time in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

England (inc. Full-time / part-time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Full-time 76% 77% 72% 77% 78% Part-time 24% 23% 28% 23% 22% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 7,374 6,324 637 365 887

Pharmacy technicians A larger proportion of community pharmacy technicians worked part-time in their main job (31%) than community pharmacists (24%). By location, there was greater variation than with community pharmacists. Community pharmacy technicians working in Wales most commonly worked part-time (35%). Those working in Scotland and London most commonly worked full- time (76% and 78% respectively), as shown in Figure 193.

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Figure 193 – Community pharmacy technicians working full and part-time in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a community setting in main job (2,252)

England (inc. Full-time / part-time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Full-time 69% 68% 76% 65% 78% Part-time 31% 32% 24% 35% 22% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,252 1,780 278 174 160

6.5 Patient facing in main job Pharmacists The majority of community pharmacists indicated that their main job was patient facing all or most of the time (89%). As shown in Figure 194, there was little variation by location.

Figure 194 – Patient facing in main job amongst community pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 89% 89% 90% 87% 91% Some of the time 7% 7% 6% 9% 4% Occasionally 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% Rarely or never 2% 2% 2% <0.5% 2% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 7,374 6,324 637 365 887

Pharmacy technicians Three-quarters of community pharmacy technicians were patient facing all or most of the time (73%), which was a smaller proportion than pharmacists (89%). Being patient facing all or most of the time was more prevalent amongst those working in London (81%) than those working in other locations (72% to 76%), as shown in Figure 195.

Figure 195 – Patient facing in main job amongst community pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a community setting in main job (2,252)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 73% 72% 76% 72% 81% Some of the time 18% 17% 17% 19% 13% Occasionally 5% 6% 5% 6% 4% Rarely or never 4% 5% 2% 2% 2% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,252 1,780 278 174 160

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6.6 Responsibilities in main job Pharmacists Community pharmacists were able to select up to three main responsibilities they had in their main job. Figure 196 shows main responsibilities selected by 5% or more of community pharmacists, ranked from the most common to the least common overall and by main job location. As shown, ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the most common main responsibility (81%), followed by ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (77%). ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was more common in England and London (both 82%) than in Scotland (75%) and Wales (78%). Community pharmacists working in Scotland and Wales more commonly said one of their main responsibilities was ‘patient consultations’ (33% and 35% respectively) than those working in England (27%) and in London (22%). Three in ten of community pharmacists working in Scotland listed a main responsibility as 'diagnosing of minor ailments’ (30%), which was higher than those working in other locations (16% to 19%).

Figure 196 – Main responsibilities amongst community pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing advice and information to patients and 81% 82% 75% 78% 82% carers Supplying medicines and 77% 77% 77% 82% 75% medical devices Patient consultations 28% 27% 33% 35% 22% Management of staff 22% 22% 23% 16% 20% Providing treatment to 19% 18% 23% 28% 20% patients Diagnosing of minor 18% 17% 30% 19% 16% ailments Repeat prescription 15% 16% 7% 15% 19% management Routine tasks to manage 9% 9% 5% 7% 10% the pharmacy environment Providing advice and information to health 8% 8% 5% 8% 8% professionals Governance, policy, regulation and other 5% 5% 4% 5% 6% administrative work Any other clinical work 5% 5% 4% 1% 7% Base 7,374 6,324 637 365 887

Pharmacy technicians Figure 197 shows main responsibilities selected by 5% or more of community pharmacy technicians, ranked from the most common to the least common overall and by main job location. As shown, eight in ten community pharmacy technicians (81%) counted ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ as one of their main responsibilities and a further 60% identified ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ as a main responsibility. ‘Routine tasks to manage the pharmacy environment’ was the third most common (48%). Community pharmacy technicians working in London less frequently mentioned ‘supplying

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medicines and medical devices’ as a main responsibility (74%) than those working in other locations (81% to 85%). However, those in London more commonly listed ‘repeat prescription management’ (55%) as a main responsibility than those working in other locations.

Figure 197 – Main responsibilities amongst community pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a community setting in main job (2,252)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Supplying medicines and 81% 81% 84% 85% 74% medical devices Providing advice and information to patients and 60% 60% 67% 49% 63% carers Routine tasks to manage 48% 48% 45% 55% 28% the pharmacy environment Repeat prescription 37% 36% 33% 49% 55% management Management of staff 17% 18% 12% 15% 12% Providing advice and information to health 8% 6% 5% 10% 5% professionals Providing treatment to 6% 3% 5% 4% 2% patients Education, training, 6% 6% 5% 10% 5% mentoring and tutoring Base 2,252 1,780 278 174 160

6.7 Satisfaction in main job Pharmacists Half of community pharmacists were satisfied in their main job (50%) and 29% were dissatisfied. A further 20% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. As shown in Figure 198, community pharmacists in Scotland were more commonly satisfied (59%) than those working in other locations (48% to 50%).

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Figure 198 – Community pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a community setting in main job (7,374)

59% 50% 50% 48% 49%

32% 29% 30% 30% 26% 22% 20% 21% 19% 15%

Overall England (inc. Scotland Wales London only London)

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Pharmacy technicians Seven in ten pharmacy technicians working in community pharmacy were satisfied in their main job (72%), which was much higher than amongst pharmacists (50%). A further 13% were dissatisfied and 16% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. As shown in Figure 199, community pharmacy technicians working in Scotland and Wales reported higher levels of satisfaction (76% and 75%) than those working in England (70%).

Figure 199 – Community pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a community setting in main job (2,252)

76% 75% 72% 70% 73%

16% 16% 17% 13% 13% 13%11% 13%11% 10%

Overall England (inc. Scotland Wales London only London)

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

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7. Secondary care pharmacy

This chapter looks at secondary care pharmacists’ and secondary care pharmacy technicians’ main jobs, including job titles, settings in which they work, their employment status, hours worked, responsibilities and job satisfaction. Secondary care pharmacists and secondary care pharmacy technicians are defined as those working in a secondary care setting within their main job, as the majority of questions about pharmacy work were asked about main jobs only.

Key findings

• The most common job titles for secondary care pharmacists in their main job role were ‘Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist’ (36%) and ‘Pharmacist’ (also 36%).

• Amongst pharmacy technicians who worked in secondary care, ‘Pharmacy Technician’ was the most common job title for main jobs (40%), closely followed by ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (39%).

• 93%The vast majority of secondary care pharmacists (93%) and 96% of secondary care pharmacy technicians (96%) said they worked in a hospital pharmacy in their main job.

• 95% of secondary care pharmacists and 97% of secondary care pharmacy technicians said they were an employee in their main job.

• 82% of secondary care pharmacists worked full-time in their main role and 18% worked part-time. Similar proportions of secondary care pharmacy technicians worked full-time (81%) and part-time (19%) in their main job.

• 56% of secondary care pharmacists were patient facing all or most of the time in their main job, a larger proportion than secondary care pharmacy technicians (41%).

• Amongst secondary care pharmacists the most common responsibility was ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ (59%), followed by ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ (39%).

• Amongst secondary care pharmacy technicians ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ was the most common main responsibility for main jobs (53%), followed by ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ (37%).

• 71% of secondary care pharmacists were satisfied in their main job and 15% were dissatisfied. A similar proportion of pharmacy technicians working in secondary care were satisfied in their main job (75%).

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7.1 Job title in main job Pharmacists The most common job titles for secondary care pharmacists in their main job role were ‘Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist’ and ‘Pharmacist’ (both 36%). ‘Specialist Clinical Pharmacist’ was the third most common (27%).

Pharmacy technicians Amongst pharmacy technicians who worked in secondary care, ‘Pharmacy Technician’ was the most common job title for main jobs (40%), closely followed by ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ (39%). A third (33%) said their title was ‘Medicines Management / Ward-based Pharmacy Technician’ and ‘Senior Pharmacy Technician’ was the fourth most common (30%).

7.2 Settings in secondary care pharmacy in main job Pharmacists Ninety-three per cent of secondary care pharmacists said they worked in a hospital pharmacy in their main job. This varied from 92% in England to 100% in Wales. A further 10% overall worked for a Mental Health and Learning Disability Service/Trust. Figures have not been included as the vast majority worked in the same setting.

Pharmacy technicians Ninety-six per cent of pharmacy technicians who worked in secondary care worked in hospital pharmacy in their main job and 7% worked for a Mental Health and Learning Disability Service/Trust. There was little difference by main job location. Again, figures have not been included as the vast majority worked in the same setting.

7.3 Employment status in main job Pharmacists Amongst pharmacists working in secondary care, 95% said they were an employee in their main job and 3% were locums. All secondary care pharmacists in Scotland said they were employees (100%), higher than in other locations (94% to 97%).

Pharmacy technicians The vast majority of secondary care pharmacy technicians were employees (97%). As so few secondary care pharmacy technicians reported being anything other than an employee (3%), further analysis has not been undertaken.

7.4 Full-time or part-time in main job Pharmacists As shown in Figure 200, eight in ten secondary care pharmacists worked full-time in their main job (82%). Full-time working was most prevalent amongst those working in London (87%) and least prevalent in Wales (76%).

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Figure 200 – Secondary care pharmacists working full and part-time in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a secondary care setting in main job (2,652)

England (inc. Full-time / part-time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Full-time 82% 82% 81% 76% 87% Part-time 18% 18% 19% 24% 13% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,652 2,282 241 120 481

Pharmacy technicians The findings for pharmacy technicians mirrored those of pharmacists with eight in ten secondary care pharmacy technicians working full-time in their main job (81%). Those working in London more commonly worked full-time (91%) than in other locations (79% to 82%), as shown in Figure 201.

Figure 201 – Secondary care pharmacy technicians working full and part-time in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a secondary care setting in main job (2,063)

England (inc. Full-time / part-time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Full-time 81% 81% 82% 79% 91% Part-time 19% 19% 18% 21% 9% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,063 1,762 196 99 265

7.5 Patient facing in main job Pharmacists As shown in Figure 202, almost six in ten secondary care pharmacists indicated their role in their main job was patient facing all or most of the time (56%) and a further quarter (26%) said it was some of the time. There were no significant differences by main job location.

Figure 202 – Patient facing in main job amongst secondary care pharmacists Base: Pharmacists working in a secondary care setting in main job (2,652)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 56% 56% 53% 60% 54% Some of the time 26% 26% 27% 24% 28% Occasionally 10% 10% 8% 7% 9% Rarely or never 9% 8% 12% 9% 8% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,652 2,282 241 120 481

Pharmacy technicians Pharmacy technicians working in secondary care were less commonly patient facing all or most of the time in their main role (41%) than secondary care pharmacists (56%). A fifth (20%) of secondary care pharmacy technicians rarely or never saw patients in their role. As shown in Figure 203, secondary care pharmacy technicians working in Wales most

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commonly saw patients all or most of the time (53%), whilst those from London most commonly rarely or never saw patients (23%).

Figure 203 – Patient facing in main job amongst secondary care pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a secondary care setting in any job (2,063)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 41% 40% 35% 53% 44% Some of the time 26% 25% 32% 27% 24% Occasionally 14% 14% 16% 10% 9% Rarely or never 20% 21% 17% 10% 23% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,063 1,762 196 99 265

7.6 Responsibilities in main job Pharmacists Figure 204 shows main responsibilities selected by 5% or more of secondary care pharmacists, ranked from the most common to the least common overall and by main job location. The most common responsibility was ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ (59%), followed by ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ (39%). ‘Providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the third most common (34%). Secondary care pharmacists working in Scotland more commonly listed ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’, ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ and ‘any other clinical work’ as main responsibilities (67%, 44% and 31% respectively) than those working in other locations. Over a quarter of secondary care pharmacists in London mentioned ‘management of staff’ as a main responsibility (28%), which was higher than those working in other locations (18% to 23%).

Figure 204 – Main responsibilities amongst secondary care pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a secondary care setting in main job (2,652)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing advice and information to health 59% 58% 67% 55% 53% professionals Medicines reconciliation 39% 39% 44% 37% 31% pre/post-discharge Providing advice and information to patients and 34% 34% 31% 38% 37% carers Management of staff 22% 23% 19% 18% 28% Governance, policy, regulation and other 20% 20% 16% 19% 20% administrative work Any other clinical work 18% 17% 31% 16% 18% Supplying medicines and 17% 18% 7% 16% 18% medical devices

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England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing treatment to 17% 17% 11% 15% 21% patients Education, training, 14% 15% 11% 14% 16% mentoring and tutoring Risk management 12% 12% 11% 16% 10% Prescribing (any setting) 10% 9% 20% 16% 4% Research, innovation, audit and quality 7% 7% 8% 6% 10% improvement Patient consultations 6% 6% 5% 10% 8% Preparation and manufacturing of medicinal 6% 5% 5% 5% 6% products Base 2,652 2,282 241 120 481

Pharmacy technicians Amongst secondary care technicians ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ was the most common main responsibility for main jobs (53%), followed by ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ (37%) and ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ was the third most common (31%). Figure 205 shows main responsibilities selected by 5% or more of secondary care pharmacy technicians, ranked from the most common to the least common overall and by main job location. As can be seen, secondary care pharmacy technicians in Wales more commonly listed all of the top three main responsibilities (67%, 49% and 42% respectively) than those working in other locations. As seen with secondary care pharmacists, secondary care pharmacy technicians working in London more frequently listed ‘management of staff’ (36%) than those working in other locations (21% to 30%).

Figure 205 – Main responsibilities amongst secondary care pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians in a secondary care setting in main job (2,063)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Supplying medicines and 53% 52% 58% 67% 43% medical devices Medicines reconciliation 37% 37% 28% 49% 33% pre/post-discharge Providing advice and information to patients and 31% 32% 18% 42% 31% carers Management of staff 29% 30% 28% 21% 36% Routine tasks to manage 26% 24% 43% 17% 20% the pharmacy environment Education, training, 20% 20% 16% 24% 23% mentoring and tutoring Preparation and manufacturing of medicinal 18% 16% 31% 17% 18% products Providing advice and information to health 17% 17% 17% 9% 15% professionals

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England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing treatment to 10% 9% 12% 15% 9% patients Governance, policy, regulation and other 9% 9% 6% 4% 10% administrative work Research, innovation, audit and quality 6% 6% 5% 3% 4% improvement Development and management of pharmacy 5% 5% 3% 4% 8% IT systems and technology Patient consultations 5% 5% <0.5% 4% 10% Base 2,063 1,762 196 99 265

7.7 Satisfaction in main job Pharmacists Seven in ten secondary care pharmacists were satisfied with their main job (71%), 15% were dissatisfied and 14% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. Satisfaction was higher in Scotland (78%) and Wales (77%) than in England (70%) and London (61%), as shown in Figure 206.

Figure 206 – Secondary care pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a secondary care setting in main job (2,652)

78% 77% 71% 70% 61%

20%19% 14%15% 15%15% 14% 15% 8% 8%

Overall England (inc. Scotland Wales London only London)

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Pharmacy technicians Three quarters of pharmacy technicians working in secondary care pharmacy were satisfied in their main job (75%) and 11% were not, which was similar to secondary care pharmacists (71% satisfied). A further 14% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. Those working in London were less likely to be satisfied (67%) compared with those working in other locations (72% to 80%). This is shown in Figure 207.

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Figure 207 – Secondary care pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians in a secondary care setting in main job (2,063)

80% 75% 75% 72% 67%

23% 14% 14% 16% 11% 11% 12% 11% 9% 10%

Overall England (inc. Scotland Wales London only London)

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

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8. Primary care pharmacy

This chapter looks at primary care pharmacists’ and primary care pharmacy technicians’ main jobs, including job titles, settings in which they work, their employment status, hours worked, responsibilities and job satisfaction. Primary care pharmacists and primary care technicians are defined as those working in a primary care setting within their main job, as the majority of questions about pharmacy work were asked about main jobs only.

Key findings

• Amongst pharmacists working in a primary care setting, ‘Practice Pharmacist’ was the most common main job title (55%), followed by ‘Pharmacist’ (22%).

• The most common job title amongst primary care pharmacy technicians was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (32%), followed by ‘Medicines Optimisation Pharmacy Technician’ (25%).

• Primary care pharmacists most commonly worked in general practice (84%), which was higher than primary care pharmacy technicians (71%).

• 93% of primary care pharmacists and 98% of primary care pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job.

• 73% of primary care pharmacists and 75% of primary care pharmacy technicians worked full-time hours in their main job in a typical week.

• 38% of primary care pharmacists and 34% of primary care pharmacy technicians were patient facing all or most of the time in their main job.

• Amongst primary care pharmacists the most common responsibility was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (45%) and the second most common was ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ (40%).

• Amongst secondary care pharmacy technicians the most common responsibility was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (44%), followed by ‘repeat prescription management’ (34%).

• 81% of primary care pharmacists and 79% of primary care pharmacy technicians were satisfied in their main job.

8.1 Job title in main job Pharmacists Amongst pharmacists working in a primary care setting, ‘Practice Pharmacist’ was the most common main job title (55%), followed by ‘Pharmacist’ (22%) and ‘Advanced / Senior / Lead Clinical Pharmacist’ (19%).

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Pharmacy technicians The most common job title amongst primary care pharmacy technicians was ‘Pharmacy Technician’ (32%), followed by ‘Medicines Optimisation Pharmacy Technician’ (25%). ‘Practice Pharmacy Technician’ was third most common (22%) and this was closely followed by ‘Prescribing Support Pharmacy Technician’ (20%).

8.2 Settings in primary care pharmacy in main job Pharmacists Primary care pharmacists most commonly worked in general practice (84%). A further 11% said they worked for another primary care provider/organisation and 8% worked in a care home. Figure 208 shows all of the settings within primary care that primary care pharmacists said they worked in by workplace location. As shown, larger proportions of those working in Scotland and Wales worked in general practice (88% and 89%) than those working in England (83%).

Figure 208 – Primary care settings of main job amongst primary care pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a primary care setting in main job (1,266)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) General practice 84% 83% 88% 89% 85% Urgent care 4% 4% 3% 4% 5% provider/service Hospice 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% Mental Health and Learning Disability 2% 2% 2% - 1% Service/Trust Care home 8% 8% 7% 7% 4% Online only prescribing 1% 1% - - 1% service Other primary care 11% 11% 11% 5% 13% provider/organisation Unspecified <0.5% <0.5% - - - Base 1,266 961 228 71 135

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 209, seven in ten primary care pharmacy technicians worked in general practice (71%), which was lower than pharmacists (84%). Amongst primary care pharmacy technicians this varied from 44% in London to 85% in Scotland. Three in ten primary care pharmacy technicians worked in a care home setting in Scotland (30%), which was much higher than in England (13%), Wales (2%) and London (10%).

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Figure 209 – Primary care settings of main job amongst primary care pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting in main job (435)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) General practice 71% 67% 85% 83% 44% Care home 15% 13% 30% 2% 10% Other primary care 17% 18% 11% 21% 21% provider/organisation Mental Health and Learning Disability 5% 5% 4% 2% 9% Service/Trust Urgent care 3% 4% - 2% 9% provider/service Hospice 2% 2% 2% 2% 7% Online only prescribing 1% 1% - - - service Unspecified <0.5% <0.5% - - - Base 435 328 75 32 31

8.3 Employment status in main job Pharmacists Nine in ten primary care pharmacists said they were employees in their main job (93%), with 2% saying they were locums, 2% business owners and 4% self-employed freelancers or contractors.

Pharmacy technicians Ninety-eight per cent of pharmacy technicians working in primary care said they were employees.

8.4 Full-time or part-time in main job Pharmacists Three quarters of primary care pharmacists indicated they worked full-time hours in their main job in a typical week (73%) and 27% worked part-time. Eight in ten worked full-time in London (79%), which was higher than those working in other locations (72% to 76%). This is shown in Figure 210.

Figure 210 – Primary care pharmacists working full and part-time in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a primary care setting in main job (1,266)

England (inc. Full-time / part-time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Full-time 73% 72% 76% 72% 79% Part-time 27% 28% 24% 28% 21% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,266 961 228 71 135

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Pharmacy technicians Three quarters of primary care technicians worked full-time in their main jobs (75%). This varied from 72% in Wales to 91% in London, as shown in Figure 211.

Figure 211 – Primary care pharmacy technicians working full and part-time in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting in main job (435)

England (inc. Full-time / part-time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Full-time 75% 74% 79% 72% 91% Part-time 25% 26% 21% 28% 9% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 435 328 75 32 31

8.5 Patient facing role in main job Pharmacists As shown in Figure 212, 38% of primary care pharmacists said they were patient facing all or most of the time in their main job and a further 39% were some of the time. Primary care pharmacists working in London were more commonly patient facing all or most of the time (59%) than those working in other locations (18% to 46%). The results in Scotland are notably different, where primary care pharmacists were less likely to be patient facing all or most of the time (18%) than those in other locations (42% to 59%) and more likely to be patient facing some of the time (45%) and occasionally (25%).

Figure 212 – Patient facing in main job amongst primary care pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a primary care setting in main job (1,266)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 38% 42% 18% 46% 59% Some of the time 39% 38% 45% 35% 27% Occasionally 12% 8% 25% 10% 7% Rarely or never 12% 12% 12% 9% 8% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,266 961 228 71 135

Pharmacy technicians A third of pharmacy technicians working in primary care saw patients all or most of the time in their main job (34%) and a further 25% some of the time. However, a fifth said they rarely saw patients (20%) and a further 20% only occasionally. As seen with primary care pharmacists, primary care pharmacy technicians in London were more likely to see patients all or most of the time (55%), as shown in Figure 213. Like with primary care pharmacists, the results for primary care pharmacy technicians working Scotland are notably different, with a smaller proportion patient facing all or most of the time (17%) than those working in other locations (38% to 55%).

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Figure 213 – Patient facing in main job amongst primary care pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting in main job (435)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the time 34% 38% 17% 38% 55% Some of the time 25% 22% 38% 28% 16% Occasionally 20% 19% 25% 28% 15% Rarely or never 20% 22% 20% 7% 14% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 435 328 75 32 31

8.6 Responsibilities in main job Pharmacists Figure 214 shows main responsibilities selected by 5% or more of primary care pharmacists, ranked from the most common to the least common overall and by main job location. As shown, just under half said one of their main responsibilities was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (45%) and the second most common was ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ (40%). A further 38% listed ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ as one of their main responsibilities. By location, again the results for Scotland stand out. Primary care pharmacists in Scotland more commonly listed ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’ and ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ (58% and 55% respectively) as main responsibilities than those working in other locations. They less commonly listed ‘patient consultations’ and ‘repeat prescription management’ (16% and 17%).

Figure 214 – Main responsibilities amongst primary care pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a primary care setting in main job (1,266)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing advice and information to patients and 45% 45% 48% 41% 52% carers Providing advice and information to health 40% 35% 58% 37% 29% professionals Medicines reconciliation 38% 35% 55% 30% 30% pre/post-discharge Patient consultations 31% 34% 16% 37% 38% Repeat prescription 24% 26% 17% 31% 38% management Prescribing (any setting) 23% 22% 28% 24% 16% Any other clinical work 16% 17% 11% 21% 15% Providing treatment to 13% 14% 9% 11% 17% patients Governance, policy, regulation and other 11% 11% 9% 12% 8% administrative work Management of staff 10% 8% 17% 11% 8%

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England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and 9% 10% 7% 4% 8% care at home) Risk management 8% 8% 5% 7% 4% Education, training, 7% 6% 9% 10% 3% mentoring and tutoring Research, innovation, audit and quality 5% 6% 4% 6% 4% improvement Supplying medicines and 5% 5% 4% 6% 12% medical devices Diagnosing of minor 5% 6% 1% 2% 5% ailments Base 1,266 961 228 71 135

Pharmacy technicians Shown in Figure 215 are main responsibilities selected by 5% or more of primary care pharmacy technicians, ranked from the most common to the least common overall and by main job location. As shown, the most common responsibility was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (44%), followed by ‘repeat prescription management’ (34%). A further third indicated that ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’ (33%) was one of their main responsibilities. As with primary care pharmacists, there were notable differences for primary care technicians working in Scotland compared with those working in other locations. Those working in Scotland more commonly listed ‘medicines reconciliation pre/post-discharge’, ‘providing advice and information to health professionals’, and ‘home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and care at home)’ as main responsibilities (60%, 49% and 30% respectively), but less commonly selected ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (4%).

Figure 215 – Main responsibilities amongst primary care pharmacy technicians by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting in main job (435)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing advice and information to patients and 44% 43% 49% 45% 58% carers Repeat prescription 34% 34% 31% 45% 31% management Medicines reconciliation 33% 26% 60% 42% 29% pre/post-discharge Providing advice and information to health 30% 26% 49% 31% 23% professionals Supplying medicines and 27% 34% 4% 17% 39% medical devices Home visits or domiciliary reviews (care homes and 19% 16% 30% 17% 7% care at home) Routine tasks to manage 16% 18% 8% 13% 11% the pharmacy environment

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England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Management of staff 13% 14% 7% 21% 11% Education, training, 10% 10% 12% 17% 7% mentoring and tutoring Governance, policy, regulation and other 10% 9% 9% 17% - administrative work Research, innovation, audit and quality 9% 7% 15% 15% 13% improvement Patient consultations 9% 10% 7% 7% 22% Providing treatment to 8% 9% 1% 8% 9% patients Risk management 7% 8% 1% 5% 4% Base 435 328 75 32 31

8.7 Satisfaction in main job Pharmacists Eight in ten primary care pharmacists were satisfied in their main job (81%). As shown in Figure 216, levels of satisfaction were consistent by country. However, satisfaction was lower amongst those working in London (67%) than those working in other locations (81% to 83%).

Figure 216 – Primary care pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Pharmacists working in a primary care setting in main job (1,266)

81% 81% 83% 82% 67%

18%15% 11% 8% 12% 8% 9% 8% 9% 9%

Overall England (inc. Scotland Wales London only London)

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

Pharmacy technicians Eight in ten pharmacy technicians working in primary care were satisfied in their main jobs (79%), similar to primary care pharmacists (81%). A further 14% of primary care pharmacy technicians were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and 7% were dissatisfied. No significant differences were seen by main job location, although 88% of primary care pharmacy technicians were satisfied in Wales (but this was based on a low base size of 33). This is shown in Figure 217.

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Figure 217 – Primary care pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Primary care technicians working in a primary care setting in main job (435)

88% 79% 78% 78% 79%

14% 14% 16% 15% 7% 8% 7% 7% 5% 6%

Overall England (inc. Scotland Wales London only London)

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

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9. Locum pharmacists

This chapter of the report looks in detail at locum pharmacists, including their characteristics and their jobs. Additional information about locums can be found in section 4.7 of the report. Respondents had the opportunity in the survey to provide details of their three main jobs, and locums have been defined as registrants who said their status was a locum in the employment status question in any of these jobs. As only 2% of pharmacy technicians identified themselves as a locum in any of their jobs, this chapter only focuses on locum pharmacists.

Key findings

• Of pharmacists that were locums in any of their jobs, 76% were locums in their main job, 37% in their second job and 8% in their third job.

• 92% of pharmacists who were locums in their main job worked in a community setting only, in their main job.

• 87% of those who were locums in their second job worked in a community setting only, in their main job and 85% of locums in third jobs were in a community setting only.

• The most common main responsibility amongst those who were locums in their main job was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (85%) and the second most common was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (78%).

• Locums in their main jobs worked around 30 hours in a typical week on average (29.9), but fewer in their second job (11.1) and third job (10.8).

• The average number of hours spent in all locum jobs in a typical week was 22.9 hours.

• 87% of pharmacists who were locums in their main job said they were patient facing in their main job all or most of the time.

• Just over half of pharmacists who were locums in their main job were satisfied in that job (52%) and 26% were dissatisfied.

9.1 Profile In total there were 2,243 pharmacists who said they were locums in at least one of their jobs. Figure 218 shows the profile of pharmacists who identified as a locum in any of their three jobs in the survey.

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Figure 218 – Profile of locum pharmacists Base: Locum pharmacists in any job (2,243)

Characteristic Percentage Year of registration Before 1970 1% 1970-1979 6% 1980-1989 11% 1990-1999 11% 2000-2009 20% 2010-2015 29% 2016 or after 22% Sex Male 45% Female 55% Other 0% Not known 0% Age group 16 - 24 5% 25 - 34 39% 35 - 44 22% 45 - 54 15% 55 - 64 14% 65+ 5% Prefer not to say - Home location England 89% London 6% Wales 4% Scotland 16% Other 0% Prefer not to say 1% Race/ethnicity White British 24% White Other 7% Mixed 1% Asian or Asian British 45% Black or Black British 11% Other 3% Prefer not to say 9% Base 2,243

Of those that were locums in any of their jobs, 76% were locums in their main job, 37% in their second job and 8% in their third job, as shown in Figure 219.

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Figure 219 – Job in which pharmacist locum work is undertaken Base: Locum pharmacists in any job (2,243)

Locum work in main job 76%

Locum work in second job 37%

Locum work in third job 8%

9.2 Jobs Almost six in ten of those that were a locum in at least one of their jobs had only one job (57%), but a third said they had two paid pharmacy related jobs (33%), which was a lot higher than the percentage of pharmacists overall (11%). A further 7% had three jobs, which again was higher than the overall pharmacist figure (2%). This is shown in Figure 220.

Figure 220 – Number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain, locum pharmacists compared with pharmacists overall Base: Locum pharmacists in any job (2,243); Pharmacists (13,136)

0 9%

57% 1 77%

33% 2 11% Locum pharmacists 7% 3 Pharmacists overall 2%

1% 4 <0.50%%

2% 5 or more <0.5%0%

As shown in Figure 221, second and third jobs were more likely to be locum jobs (45% and 50% respectively) than main jobs (14%).

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Figure 221 – Employment status of pharmacists in main, second and third jobs Base: Pharmacists in main job (12,016); Pharmacists in second job (1,851); Pharmacists in third job (355)

76%

50% 45%

35%

21% 23% 14% 16% 6% 4% 5% 3%

Employee Business owner Locum Self-employed freelancer

Main job Second job Third job

9.3 Work settings in locum jobs Nine in ten of those who were locums in their main job worked in a community setting only (92%) in their main job. This decreased slightly in second and third jobs (87% and 85% respectively), but the overwhelming majority of locum jobs were in a community setting only, as shown in Figure 222.

Figure 222 – Settings worked in pharmacist locum jobs Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707); Locum pharmacists in second job (834); Locum pharmacists in third job (178)

92% 87%85%

Main job Second job Third job

7% 4% 5% 3% 5% 3% 2% 3% 1% <0.50%% 1% 1% Community only Secondary care Primary care only Other setting only Multiple settings only Further analysis shows that 49% of all jobs in independent pharmacies or chains were locum jobs, as were 51% of all jobs in small to medium chains and 24% of jobs in large multiple chains. This is shown in Figure 223.

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Figure 223 – Community setting jobs that were pharmacist locum jobs Base: All community setting jobs worked in by pharmacists (10,166)

76%

49% 51% 51% 49%

24%

Independent pharmacy or chain Small to medium multiple Large multiple pharmacy chain pharmacy chain Locum Not locum

9.4 Responsibilities in locum job The survey asked respondents to identify their main responsibilities in their main job only. The most common main responsibility amongst those who were locums in their main job was ‘providing advice and information to patients and carers’ (85%) and the second most common was ‘supplying medicines and medical devices’ (78%). These were a lot higher than other responsibilities (<0.5% to 30%). Figure 224 summarises the differences by main job location and shows responsibilities that 5% or more of locums selected. As can be seen, there were some notable differences. ‘Supplying medicines and medical devices’ and ‘Diagnosing of minor ailments’ were more common main responsibilities in Scotland (87% and 51% respectively) than in other locations, whilst ‘patient consultations’ was a more prevalent main responsibility in Wales (40%) in comparison to other locations (26% to 30%).

Figure 224 – Main responsibilities amongst locum pharmacists by main job location Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707)

England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Providing advice and information to patients and 85% 86% 79% 83% 82% carers Supplying medicines and 78% 78% 87% 79% 73% medical devices Patient consultations 30% 30% 28% 40% 26% Diagnosing of minor 26% 25% 51% 21% 20% ailments Providing treatment to 22% 22% 20% 25% 26% patients Repeat prescription 17% 17% 8% 18% 21% management Providing advice and information to health 12% 12% 8% 7% 10% professionals

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England (inc. Main responsibilities Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Routine tasks to manage 9% 9% 4% 9% 11% the pharmacy environment Management of staff 5% 6% 3% - 6% Base 1,707 1,519 94 71 264

9.5 Hours worked in main job As shown in Figure 225, pharmacists who were locums in their main jobs worked around 30 hours in a typical week on average (29.9) in their main jobs, but those who were locums in their second and third jobs worked fewer (11.1 and 10.8 respectively). The average number of hours spent in all locum jobs in a typical week was 22.9 hours.

Figure 225 – Hours worked in pharmacist locum jobs Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707); Locum pharmacists in second job (834); Locum pharmacists in third job (178)

29.9

22.9

11.1 10.8

Main job mean no. of Second job mean no. of Third job mean no. of All locum jobs mean no. hours hours hours of hours

9.6 Patient facing in main job The majority of pharmacists who were locums in their main job said they were patient facing in their main job all or most of the time (87%), as shown in Figure 226. This is 17% higher than the proportion of pharmacists overall who said the same (70%). Only a very small proportion of pharmacists who were locums in their main jobs said they saw patients rarely or never (1%).

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Figure 226 – Patient facing in main job, locum pharmacists compared with pharmacists overall Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707); Pharmacists in main job (12,016)

87% All or most of the time 70%

9% Some of the time 14% Locum pharmacists

3% All pharmacists Occasionally 5%

1% Rarely or never 11%

9.7 Satisfaction in main job A quarter of pharmacists who were locums in their main job indicated they were dissatisfied in their main job (26%), which is slightly higher than for pharmacists overall (22%), as shown in Figure 227. Just over half of pharmacists who were locums in their main jobs said they were satisfied (52%), as shown in Figure 227.

Figure 227 – Satisfaction in main job, locum pharmacists compared with pharmacists overall Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707); Pharmacists in main job (12,016)

52% Satisfied 60%

22% Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Locum pharmacists 17% All pharmacists

26% Dissatisfied 22%

Satisfaction in their main job varied by sex and age group amongst pharmacists who were locums in their main job, as shown in Figure 228. Males were more commonly dissatisfied than females (30% compared with 23%). Satisfaction increased with age, with those aged 16-24 least commonly satisfied (41%) and those aged 65 and above most commonly satisfied (71%).

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Figure 228 – Locum pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by sex and age Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707)

Job satisfaction Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Satisfied 52% 48% 55% 41% 48% 45% 57% 60% 71% Neither satisfied 22% 22% 22% 34% 23% 25% 18% 18% 17% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 26% 30% 23% 25% 29% 29% 25% 22% 11% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,707 775 931 104 620 358 256 264 106

Figure 229 summarises the differences in job satisfaction between locations of main jobs. Pharmacists who were locums in their main jobs and worked in Scotland were more commonly satisfied (67%) compared with those working in other locations (51% to 55%).

Figure 229 – Locum pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Locum pharmacists in main job (1,707)

67% 55% 51% 54%

27% 23% 26% 25% 20% 18% 21% 12%

England Scotland Wales London

Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied

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10. Cross-sector working

Key findings

• 71% of pharmacists who were portfolio workers in their main job had one job, 22% had two jobs and 7% had three or more.

• 84% of pharmacy technicians who were portfolio workers in their main job had one job, 14% had two jobs and 2% had three.

• Across all portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacists (664), 90% were in main jobs, 8% were in second jobs and 2% were in third jobs.

• Across all portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacy technicians (228), 94% were in main jobs, 5% were in second jobs and <0.5% were in third jobs.

• The most common combination of settings worked in pharmacist portfolio jobs was community pharmacy and primary care (19%).

• Amongst portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacy technicians, the most common combination was primary care and a healthcare commissioning organisation (22%).

• Across all pharmacist portfolio jobs, 79% were employees, 3% business owners, 9% locums and 8% self-employed, freelancers or contractors.

• Across all portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacy technicians, 93% were as employees and 6% were as locums.

• Across all portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacists, an average of 35.0 hours per week were worked, similar to the average for portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacy technicians (34.1 hours).

• 41% of pharmacists who were portfolio working in their main job were patient facing all or most of the time in that role and 22% were rarely or never patient facing.

• Amongst pharmacy technicians who were portfolio working in their main jobs, 28% were patient facing all or most of the time and 26% were rarely or never patient facing.

• 71% of pharmacists and 74% of pharmacy technicians who were portfolio working in their main job were satisfied in that job.

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• Amongst pharmacists who had more than one job, 56% were working in different sectors across their jobs and 44% were working in the same sectors in all their jobs they provided details about.

• 60% of pharmacy technicians who had more than one job were working in different sectors across their jobs.

10.1 Portfolio working in main, second and third jobs Overall This section looks at the characteristics of registrants who were portfolio workers in their main, second or third job. Portfolio workers have been defined as registrants who were working in more than one broad setting in any one of their three jobs that they provided details for. By broad setting we mean settings such as community pharmacy, primary care, secondary care etc. and this does not include sub-settings within these broad settings. Throughout the report, subgroup analysis has been undertaken by main job settings, which included those working in multiple settings and further analysis of working in multiple settings in their main job can also be found in section 4.5 of the report.

Pharmacists As shown in Figure 230, 71% of pharmacists who were portfolio workers in their main job had one job, 22% had two jobs and 7% had three or more. Of those who were portfolio workers in their second job, 82% had two jobs, 16% had three jobs and 2% had five or more. As the base size of pharmacists who were portfolio working in their third job is so low (11), analysis of the number of jobs they had has not been shown.

Figure 230 – Number of jobs amongst pharmacist portfolio workers in main, second and third jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacists in main job (598); Portfolio worker pharmacists in second job (55); Portfolio worker pharmacists in third job (11)

Portfolio Portfolio Portfolio Number of jobs workers in workers in workers in main job second job third job 1 71% - *** 2 22% 82% *** 3 5% 16% *** 4 1% - *** 5 or more 1% 2% *** TOTAL 100% 100% *** Base 598 55 11

Across all portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacists (664), 90% were in main jobs, 8% were in second jobs and 2% were in third jobs.

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 231, 84% of those pharmacy technicians who were portfolio workers in their main job had one job, 14% had two jobs and 2% had three. The numbers of pharmacy technicians who were portfolio workers in their second and third jobs are too small for analysis.

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Figure 231 – Number of jobs amongst pharmacy technician portfolio workers in main, second and third jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in main job (215); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in second job (12); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in third job (1)

Portfolio Portfolio Portfolio Number of jobs workers in workers in workers in main job second job third job 1 84% *** *** 2 14% *** *** 3 2% *** *** 4 - *** *** 5 or more - *** *** TOTAL 100% *** *** Base 215 12 1

Across all portfolio jobs worked in by pharmacy technicians (228), 94% were in main jobs, 5% were in second jobs and <0.5% were in third jobs.

10.2 Settings worked in portfolio jobs Pharmacists Figure 232 shows combinations of settings worked in by 3% or more of portfolio pharmacists in their main, second and third jobs and across all portfolio jobs.

The most common combinations in main jobs were community pharmacy and primary care (18%), and primary care and a healthcare commissioning organisation (18%). These were followed by primary care and secondary care (15%), and community pharmacy and secondary care (14%). In second jobs the most common combination was community pharmacy and primary care (23%). This was followed by community pharmacy and secondary care, and primary care and healthcare commissioning organisation (both 17%). Analysis is not shown for third jobs, as there were only 11 pharmacists who had portfolio jobs in their third jobs. Across all portfolio jobs, the most common combinations were community pharmacy and primary care (19%), and primary care and a healthcare commissioning organisation (18%).

Figure 232 – Combinations of settings in portfolio pharmacists’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacists in main job (598); Portfolio worker pharmacists in second job (55); Portfolio worker pharmacists in third job (11); All portfolio pharmacist jobs (664)

Combinations of settings Main job Second job Third job All jobs Community pharmacy and 18% 23% *** 19% primary care Community pharmacy and 14% 17% *** 14% secondary care Community pharmacy and 5% 5% *** 6% prison Community pharmacy and healthcare commissioning 3% 7% *** 4% organisation Community pharmacy and 8% 9% *** 8% research, education or training

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Combinations of settings Main job Second job Third job All jobs Community pharmacy and other 3% 8% *** 3% Primary care and secondary 15% 11% *** 14% care Primary care and healthcare 18% 17% *** 18% commissioning organisation Primary care and research, 4% 7% *** 4% education or training Secondary care and healthcare 6% 3% *** 5% commissioning organisation Secondary care and research, 15% 4% *** 14% education or training Secondary care and 1% 3% *** 1% pharmaceutical industry Secondary care and other 2% 7% *** 2% Healthcare commissioning organisation and research, 2% 6% *** 3% education or training Research, education or training 3% 4% *** 3% and pharmaceutical industry Research, education or training 3% 7% *** 3% and other Base 598 55 11 664

Pharmacy technicians Figure 233 shows combinations of settings worked in by 3% or more of portfolio pharmacy technicians in their main, second and third jobs and across all portfolio jobs.

The most common combination in main jobs was primary care and a healthcare commissioning organisation (23%), followed by secondary care and research, education or training (17%). Analysis is not shown for second and third jobs, as there were only 12 pharmacy technicians who had portfolio jobs in their second jobs and one with a portfolio job in their third job. Across all portfolio jobs, the most common combination was again primary care and a healthcare commissioning organisation (22%), followed by secondary care and research, education or training (17%).

Figure 233 – Combinations of settings in portfolio pharmacy technicians’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in main job (215); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in second job (12); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in third job (1); All portfolio pharmacy technician jobs (228)

Combinations of settings Main job Second job Third job All jobs Community pharmacy and 11% *** *** 11% primary care Community pharmacy and 10% *** *** 11% secondary care Primary care and secondary 15% *** *** 14% care Primary care and prison 4% *** *** 5% pharmacy Primary care and healthcare 23% *** *** 22% commissioning organisation Primary care and armed forces 4% *** *** 4%

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Combinations of settings Main job Second job Third job All jobs Secondary care and prison 6% *** *** 7% pharmacy Secondary care and healthcare 6% *** *** 5% commissioning organisation Secondary care and research, 17% *** *** 17% education or training Secondary care and 4% *** *** 4% pharmaceutical industry Secondary care and other 4% *** *** 4% Healthcare commissioning 3% *** *** 3% organisation and other Base 215 12 1 228

10.3 Employment status in portfolio jobs Pharmacists The vast majority of pharmacists who were portfolio workers in their main job were employees in that job (83%), however this was lower in second jobs (49%). One in five portfolio pharmacists in their second job were locums in that job (20%), which was higher than amongst portfolio pharmacists in main jobs (8%). Three in ten portfolio pharmacists in their second job were self-employed, freelancers or contractors in that job (29%), again higher than those who were portfolio working in their main job (6%). Analysis is not shown for third jobs, as there were only 11 pharmacists who had portfolio jobs in their third jobs. Across all portfolio jobs, 79% were as employees, 3% as business owners, 9% as locums and 8% as self-employed, freelancers or contractors. This is shown Figure 234.

Figure 234 – Employment status in portfolio pharmacists’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacists in main job (598); Portfolio worker pharmacists in second job (55); Portfolio worker pharmacists in third job (11); All portfolio pharmacist jobs (664)

Employment status Main job Second job Third job All jobs Employee 83% 49% *** 79% Business owner 4% 2% *** 3% Locum 8% 20% *** 9% Self-employed / freelancer / 6% 29% *** 8% contractor TOTAL 100% 100% *** 100% Base 598 55 11 664

Pharmacy technicians Ninety-four per cent of portfolio pharmacy technicians in their main job said they were employees in that job, higher than the percentage of portfolio pharmacists in main jobs (83%). Analysis is not shown for second and third jobs, as there were only 12 pharmacy technicians who had portfolio jobs in their second jobs and one with a portfolio job in their third job. Across all portfolio jobs, 93% were as employees and 6% were as locums. This is shown in Figure 235.

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Figure 235 – Employment status in portfolio pharmacy technicians’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in main job (215); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in second job (12); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in third job (1); All portfolio pharmacy technician jobs (228)

Employment status Main job Second job Third job All jobs Employee 94% *** *** 93% Business owner - *** *** - Locum 5% *** *** 6% Self-employed / freelancer / 1% *** *** 1% contractor TOTAL 100% *** *** 100% Base 215 12 1 228

10.4 Hours worked in portfolio jobs Pharmacists As shown in Figure 236, pharmacists who were portfolio working in their main jobs worked an average of 36.4 hours in a typical week in that job, whereas those portfolio working in second jobs worked an average of 19.8 hours per week in that job. Analysis is not shown for third jobs, as there were only 11 pharmacists who had portfolio jobs in their third jobs. Across all portfolio jobs, an average of 35.0 hours per week were worked.

Figure 236 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week by portfolio pharmacists in portfolio jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacists in main job (598); Portfolio worker pharmacists in second job (55); Portfolio worker pharmacists in third job (11); All portfolio pharmacist jobs (664)

Mean no. of hours Main job Second job Third job All jobs Mean no. of hours 36.4 19.8 *** 35.0 Base 598 55 11 664

Pharmacy technicians Figure 237 shows the mean number of hours worked in a typical week by pharmacy technicians in portfolio main jobs, second jobs and third jobs and across all portfolio jobs. Pharmacy technicians who were portfolio working in their main jobs worked an average of 34.7 hours in a typical week in that job. Analysis is not shown for second and third jobs, as there were only 12 pharmacy technicians who had portfolio jobs in their second jobs and one with a portfolio job in their third job. Across all portfolio jobs, an average of 34.1 hours per week were worked.

Figure 237 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week by portfolio pharmacy technicians in portfolio jobs Base: Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in main job (215); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in second job (12); Portfolio worker pharmacy technicians in third job (1); All portfolio pharmacy technician jobs (228)

Mean no. of hours Main job Second job Third job All jobs Mean no. of hours 34.7 *** *** 34.1 Base 215 12 1 228

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10.5 Patient facing in portfolio main jobs Pharmacists Whether or not registrants were patient facing in their role was asked about main jobs only. Four in ten pharmacists who were portfolio working in their main job were patient facing all or most of the time in that role (41%). A further 25% were patient facing some of the time and 12% occasionally. One in five were rarely or never patient facing (22%). As shown in Figure 238, there was some variation by main job location. Two thirds of those in London were patient facing all or most of the time (66%), which was higher than in other locations. By contrast only 29% of those in Scotland and 37% in Wales were patient facing all or most of the time. However, there was less variation in the proportions who were patient facing rarely or never, which ranged from 16% in Wales to 24% in Scotland.

Figure 238 – Patient facing in main job amongst portfolio pharmacists by main job location Base: Portfolio pharmacists in main job (638)

England (inc. Patient facing Overall Scotland Wales London only London) All or most of the 41% 43% 29% 37% 66% time Some of the time 25% 24% 33% 30% 8% Occasionally 12% 12% 14% 17% 9% Rarely or never 22% 21% 24% 16% 18% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 598 477 76 37 68

Pharmacy technicians Amongst pharmacy technicians who were portfolio working in their main jobs, 28% were patient facing all or most of the time, 27% were some of the time, 19% were occasionally and 26% were rarely or never. Analysis by location has not been undertaken as the base sizes by main job location were very small for Scotland, Wales and London.

10.6 Job satisfaction in portfolio main jobs Pharmacists Job satisfaction was also only asked about registrants’ main jobs. Seven in ten pharmacists who were portfolio working in their main job were satisfied in that job (71%), which was higher than the overall figure for pharmacists (60%).

Figure 239 shows the difference by main job location. As shown, job satisfaction was higher amongst those working in Scotland and England in their main jobs (77% and 71% respectively) than those working in Wales and London (66% and 62% respectively).

Figure 239 – Portfolio pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location Base: Portfolio pharmacists (598)

England (inc. Job satisfaction Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Satisfied 71% 71% 77% 66% 62% Neither satisfied 12% 13% 5% 7% 17% nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied 17% 16% 18% 27% 21%

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England (inc. Job satisfaction Overall Scotland Wales London only London) TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 598 477 76 37 68

Pharmacy technicians Almost three quarters of pharmacy technician portfolio workers reported being satisfied in their main jobs (74%), the same proportion as pharmacy technicians overall (74%). As seen previously, base sizes for main job locations other than England are too small for analysis.

10.7 Cross-sector working across pharmacy jobs Overall For registrants who worked in more than one pharmacy job, the settings in which they worked across the two or three jobs they provided details for were compared to determine whether or not they were working in different settings across their jobs. Amongst registrants who had more than one job, 56% were working in different sectors across their jobs and 44% were working in the same sectors in all the jobs they provided details about. By registrant type, 56% of pharmacists with more than one job were working in different sectors across their jobs and 60% of pharmacy technicians were, as shown in Figure 59.

Figure 240 – Cross-sector working across multiple jobs by registrant type Base: Respondents with more than one pharmacy job (2,069)

Pharmacy Cross-sector working Overall Pharmacist technician Yes 56% 56% 60% No 44% 44% 40% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 2,069 1,851 218

For a comparison of settings between main jobs and second jobs see sections 4.11 and 4.14 of the report.

Pharmacists By main job location, those working in Scotland and Wales more commonly worked in different settings across their jobs (72% and 67% respectively) than those working in England and London (54% and 49% respectively), as shown in Figure 241.

Figure 241 – Cross-sector working across multiple jobs amongst pharmacists by main job location Base: Pharmacists with more than one pharmacy job (1,851)

Cross-sector England (inc. Overall Scotland Wales London only working London) Yes 56% 54% 72% 67% 49% No 44% 46% 28% 33% 51% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,851 1,602 153 75 292

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Pharmacy technicians Six in ten pharmacy technicians working in England who had more than one job worked in different settings across their jobs (59%), as did 52% of those working in London. The base sizes for Scotland and Wales are too small for analysis.

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11. Prescribers

Key findings

• 17% of pharmacists had a prescribing annotation, with ‘independent’ the most common type of prescribing annotation, held by 16% of pharmacists (15% independent prescriber only and 1% both supplementary and independent prescriber).

• Amongst pharmacists who did not have a prescribing annotation, 36% said they intended to gain a prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years.

• The most common areas of specialism for prescribers were ‘respiratory’ (13%), ‘hypertension’ (11%) and ‘cardiovascular’ (10%).

• 20% of pharmacists with a prescribing annotation had never prescribed.

• The most common reason given for never having prescribed was a lack of opportunity to prescribe in their current role (57%), followed by a lack of funding, resources or facilities to deliver prescribing services (35%).

• Amongst those who had prescribed, 67% had changed their scope of practice since their initial training and qualification as a prescriber.

• 12% of prescribers had not prescribed in the last 12 months.

• Secondary care and primary care (both 48%) were the most common settings for prescribing.

• The most common area for prescribing was ‘medicines optimisation and reviews’ (52%), followed by ‘ (44%)’.

• The most common reason for not having prescribed in the last 12 months was moving employment to an area where prescribing practice was not needed (43%), closely followed by a lack of opportunity to prescribe in their current role (42%).

• 22% of prescribers saw 50 patients or more in a typical week, whilst 20% saw five or fewer.

• 35% of prescribers spent 10% or less of their time on prescribing activities and a further 27% spent between 11% and 30% of their time on them.

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11.1 Prescribing annotation Overall, 17% of pharmacists had a prescribing annotation. As shown in Figure 242, ‘independent’ was the most common type of prescribing annotation, held by 16% of pharmacists (15% independent prescriber only and 1% both supplementary and independent prescriber). Pharmacists who said they had a prescribing annotation are referred to in this chapter of the report as ‘prescribers’.

Figure 242 – Prescribing annotations amongst pharmacists Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Annotation Percentage Independent prescriber only 15% Supplementary prescriber only 1% Both independent and supplementary prescriber 1% None 83% TOTAL 100% Base 13,136

The proportion of female pharmacists and male pharmacists that held an independent annotation only was similar (16% and 13% respectively). By age group, those aged 35-44 more commonly had an independent prescriber annotation (21%) than other age groups (5% to 16%). By contrast those in the older age groups less commonly had this type of annotation (8% of 55-64 year olds and 5% of those aged 65 and above). This is shown in Figure 243.

Figure 243 – Prescribing annotations by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Annotation Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Independent 15% 13% 16% - 15% 21% 16% 8% 5% prescriber only Supplementary 1% <0.5% 1% - - 1% 1% 2% 1% prescriber only Both independent and supplementary 1% 1% 1% - <0.5% 2% 3% 2% 1% prescriber None 83% 85% 82% 100% 85% 77% 80% 88% 93% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

Pharmacists from a White British background were more commonly independent prescribers (23%) than those from other races/ethnicities (13% to 14%), as shown in Figure 244.

Figure 244 – Prescribing annotations by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Annotation Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Independent prescriber 15% 20% 12% 14% 12% 12% 12% only Supplementary 1% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% - prescriber only

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White White Annotation Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Both independent and supplementary 1% 2% 1% - 1% 1% 1% prescriber None 83% 76% 87% 86% 87% 87% 88% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

By location, pharmacists working in their main job in Scotland were more commonly independent prescribers (28%), compared with other locations (15% to 18%) as shown in Figure 245.

Figure 245 – Prescribing annotations by main job location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Annotation Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Independent prescriber only 15% 15% 25% 17% 14% Supplementary prescriber 1% <0.5% 2% 1% <0.5% only Both independent and 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% supplementary prescriber None 83% 84% 69% 81% 84% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,203 1,166 572 1,669

11.2 Profile Figure 246 shows the profile of pharmacists who indicated that they were annotated on the GPhC register as pharmacist prescribers (as independent prescribers, supplementary prescribers or both).

Figure 246 – Profile of prescribers Base: Pharmacists who had a prescribing annotation (2,235)

Characteristic Percentage Year of registration Before 1970 <0.5% 1970-1979 2% 1980-1989 11% 1990-1999 21% 2000-2009 39% 2010-2015 27% 2016 or after <0.5% Sex Male 33% Female 67% Other <0.5% Not known <0.5% Age group 16 - 24 - 25 - 34 33%

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Characteristic Percentage 35 - 44 37% 45 - 54 21% 55 - 64 8% 65+ 1% Prefer not to say - Home location England 77% London 16% Wales 5% Scotland 10% Other 1% Prefer not to say 1% Race/ethnicity White British 54% White Other 5% Mixed 1% Asian or Asian British 27% Black or Black British 5% Other 2% Prefer not to say 6% Base 2235

11.3 Intentions to gain prescribing qualifications Pharmacists who did not have a prescribing annotation were asked if they intended to gain a prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years. Just over a third (36%) said they did intend to, whilst 31% said they did not and 33% were undecided, as shown in Figure 247.

Figure 247 – Pharmacists’ intention to gain prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years overall Base: Pharmacists who did not have a prescribing annotation (10,901)

36% 33% 31%

Yes, intend to Undecided No, do not intend to

Female pharmacists more commonly indicated they intended to gain prescribing qualifications and annotations in the next five years than males (38% compared with 33%). Intention to gain qualifications and annotations fell with age, with those aged 16-24 most

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commonly saying they intended to (57%) and those aged 65+ least commonly to (3%). The differences by sex and age are shown in Figure 248.

Figure 248 – Pharmacists’ intention to gain prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who did not have a prescribing annotation (10,901)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes, intend to 36% 33% 38% 57% 51% 38% 21% 6% 3% Undecided 33% 33% 33% 34% 35% 38% 33% 22% 16% No, do not intend 31% 34% 29% 8% 14% 24% 46% 71% 81% to TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 10,901 4,239 6,657 418 4,248 2,728 1,851 1,340 314

11.4 Prescribing since annotation Pharmacist prescribers were asked if they had ever practised as an independent or a supplementary prescriber in Great Britain since their annotation on the register. Eight in ten overall said they had (80%). This was highest amongst those who were both independent and supplementary prescribers (93%). By contrast, only 39% of those who were supplementary prescribers only had ever prescribed, as shown in Figure 249.

Figure 249 – Ever prescribed or not since annotation by annotation type Base: Pharmacists who had a prescribing annotation (2,235)

Both Independent Supplementary independent & Ever prescribed Overall prescriber only prescriber only supplementary prescriber Yes, have prescribed 80% 81% 39% 93% No, have not prescribed 20% 19% 61% 7% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,235 1,986 79 170

As shown in Figure 250, male prescribers were more likely to have prescribed (84%) than female prescribers (79%). There were no significant differences by age group.

Figure 250 – Ever prescribed or not since annotation by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who had a prescribing annotation (2,235)

Ever prescribed Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes, have 80% 84% 79% - 79% 82% 82% 78% *** prescribed No, have not 20% 16% 21% - 21% 18% 18% 22% *** prescribed TOTAL 100% 100% 100% - 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 2,235 738 1,497 0 747 817 466 183 22

By location, those living in Scotland and Wales more commonly had prescribed (87% and 84%) than those in England (79%) and London (75%), as shown in Figure 251.

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Figure 251 – Ever prescribed or not since annotation by home location Base: Pharmacists who had a prescribing annotation (2,235)

England (inc. Ever prescribed Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes, have prescribed 80% 79% 87% 84% 73% No, have not prescribed 20% 21% 13% 16% 27% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 2,235 1,677 363 109 262

Prescribers who had not prescribed since their annotation were asked why this was and were able to choose from a list of reasons, selecting as many reasons as applied. As shown in Figure 252, a lack of opportunity to prescribe in their current role was the most commonly cited reason (57%), followed by a lack of funding, resources or facilities to deliver prescribing services (35%). Over a quarter (27%) also cited a lack of support, training or guidance. The full list of reasons is shown below ranked from most common to least common.

Figure 252 – Reasons for never having prescribed overall Base: Prescribers who had never prescribed (437)

Lack of opportunity to prescribe in current role 57%

Lack of funding/resources/facilities to deliver 35% prescribing services Lack of support, training or guidance for 27% pharmacist prescribers

General lack of available prescribing roles 22%

Lack of prescribing roles in my specialist area 21%

Moved employment to an area where prescribing 19% practice is not needed

Lack of confidence as a pharmacist prescriber 10%

Career break including maternity/paternity leave, 7% sick leave or sabbatical

Lost interest in prescribing 2%

Working abroad 1%

Retirement 1%

Other 9%

The most common ‘other’ reason provided was having only just qualified or annotation not yet confirmed. For the full list see the appendices.

Those who had not prescribed and were currently working in a pharmacy related role were most commonly working in community pharmacy (35%). However, a third worked in secondary care (33%) and 23% worked in primary care, as shown in Figure 253.

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Figure 253 – Main job settings for pharmacists who had never prescribed Base: Prescribers who had never prescribed and currently worked in a pharmacy role (416)

Community pharmacy (all) 35% Community pharmacy - independent pharmacy or 15% chain Community pharmacy - small to medium multiple 9% pharmacy chain Community pharmacy - large multiple pharmacy 17% chain Community pharmacy - online only pharmacy 2%

Primary care (all) 23%

Primary care - general practice 19%

Primary care - urgent care provider/service 1%

Primary care - hospice <0.5%0% Primary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability 1% Service/Trust Primary care - care home 3%

Other primary care provider/organisation 3%

Secondary care (all) 33%

Secondary care - hospital pharmacy 31%

Secondary care - urgent care provider/service <0.5%0% Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning Disabillity 3% Service/Trust

Secondary care - hospice <0.5%0%

Other secondary care provider/organisation <0.5%0%

Prison pharmacy 1%

Healthcare commissioning organisation 13%

Research, education or training 4%

Pharmaceutical industry 1%

Armed forces <0.5%0%

Other 1%

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11.5 Prescribing in last 12 months Overall, 88% of prescribers who had prescribed since annotation had done so in the last 12 months and 12% had not. As shown in Figure 254, those who were independent prescribers only were much more likely to have prescribed in the previous 12 months (90%) than those who were supplementary prescribers only (17%) and those who were both independent and supplementary prescribers (82%).

Figure 254 – Prescribed in the last 12 months by annotation type Base: Prescribers who had prescribed since annotation (1,799)

90% 83% 82%

17% 18% 10%

Independent prescriber only Supplementary prescriber only Both independent and supplementary prescriber

Had prescribed Had not prescribed

As shown in Figure 255, younger prescribers aged 25-34 had more commonly prescribed in the last 12 months (94%), compared to older prescribers aged 55-64 years (81%). The proportions who had prescribed were similar for males and females.

Figure 255 – Prescribed in the last 12 months by sex and age Base: Prescribers who had prescribed since annotation (1,799)

Prescribed in Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ last 12 months Yes, have 88% 90% 88% - 94% 87% 86% 81% *** prescribed No, have not 12% 10% 12% - 6% 13% 14% 19% *** prescribed TOTAL 100% 100% 100% - 100% 100% 100% 100% *** Base 1,799 617 1,181 0 591 667 383 142 16

There were no significant differences by main job location, but large proportions in each said they had prescribed in the last 12 months (90% in England, 88% in Scotland, 86% in Wales and 88% in London).

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Those who had not prescribed in the last 12 months were asked why this was and were able to choose as many reasons as applied from a list provided. Over four in ten indicated that it was because they had moved employment to an area where prescribing was not needed (43%). A similar proportion said there was a lack of opportunity to prescribe in their current role (42%). Figure 256 ranks the reasons given in order of most common to least common.

Figure 256 – Reasons for not prescribing in the last 12 months overall Base: Prescribers who had not prescribed in the last 12 months (208) Moved employment to an area where prescribing 43% practice is not needed

Lack of opportunity to prescribe in current role 42%

Lack of funding/resources/facilities to deliver 17% prescribing services Career break including maternity/paternity leave, 14% sick leave or sabbatical Lack of support, training or guidance for pharmacist 12% prescribers

General lack of available prescribing roles 11%

Lack of prescribing roles in my specialist area 6%

Lack of confidence as a pharmacist prescriber 5%

Working abroad 3%

Retirement 2%

Lost interest in prescribing 1%

Other 4%

The most common ‘other’ responses included low pay and the high cost of insurance. For the full list please see the appendices.

Prescribers who had not prescribed in the last 12 months were most commonly working in secondary care in their main job (39%), particularly within hospital pharmacy (33%). A quarter were working for a healthcare commissioning organisation (25%). The full list of settings is shown in Figure 257.

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Figure 257 – Main job settings for pharmacists who had not prescribed in the last 12 months Base: Prescribers who had not prescribed in the last 12 months and currently worked in a pharmacy role (186)

Community pharmacy - all 16%

Community pharmacy - independent 6%

Community pharmacy - large multiple chain

Community pharmacy - online only pharmacy 1%

Primary care - all 19%

Primary care - general practice 14%

Primary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability 1% Service/Trust

Primary care - care home 3%

Other primary care provider/organisation 4%

Secondary care - all 39%

Secondary care - hospital pharmacy 33%

Secondary care - urgent care provider/service 2%

Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning 8% Disabillity Service/Trust

Secondary care - Ambulance Service/Trust 2%

Secondary care - hospice 1%

Other secondary care provider/organisation <0.5%0%

Prison pharmacy 1%

Healthcare commissioning organisation 25%

Research, education or training 11%

Pharmaceutical industry 4%

Other 3%

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11.6 Areas of specialism for prescribing training and qualification Pharmacists who had a prescribing annotation were shown a list of areas of specialism and asked to identify which area they specialised in for their prescribing training and qualification. They were able to select only one specialism.

Figure 258 shows the areas of specialism ranked from the most common to the least common. As shown, Respiratory was the most common area (13%), followed by Hypertension (11%). Cardiovascular was the third most common (10%).

Figure 258 – Areas of specialism for prescribing training and qualification overall Base: Pharmacists who had a prescribing annotation (2,235)

Respiratory 13% Hypertension 11% Cardiovascular 10% Endocrinology (including diabetes) 7% 5% Anticoagulation 4% Care of the elderly 4% Pain management 4% Mental health 4% Acute conditions 4% Medicines optimisation and reviews 3% Antimicrobials 2% Minor ailments 2% Substance misuse 2% Infectious 2% Chronic / long-term conditions 2% Gastrointestinal 2% Musculoskeletal 2% Paediatrics 2% Total Parenteral 2% Palliative care 1% Travel 1% Dermatology 1% Hepatic <0.5%0% Discharge medication <0.5%0% Obstetrics <0.5%0% Ear / nose / throat <0.5%0% Other 7%

The most common ‘other’ responses included critical care, surgery / anaesthetics, perioperative / preoperative / postoperative management, haematology, neurology / neurosurgery and contraception / sexual health. For the full list see the appendices.

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11.7 Changing scope of practice Prescribers were asked if they had changed their scope of practice since their initial training and qualification as a prescriber. As shown in Figure 259, two thirds of prescribers had changed their scope of practice since their initial training and qualification (67%). This was highest amongst those who were both independent and supplementary prescribers (74%).

Figure 259 – Changed scope of practice or not since initial training and qualification as prescriber by annotation type Base: Prescribers who had prescribed since annotation (1,799)

Both Independent Supplementary independent and Changed scope Overall prescriber only prescriber only supplementary prescriber Yes, have changed 67% 66% 54% 74% No, have not changed 33% 34% 46% 26% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,799 1,609 31 158

11.8 Prescribing settings Prescribers were asked the settings in which they had prescribed in the last 12 months and these are summarised in Figure 260. The most commonly mentioned settings were secondary care (48%), in particular hospital pharmacy (45%) and primary care (48%), in general practice in particular (45%). By comparison, only 8% had prescribed in a community setting. This is shown in Figure 260.

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Figure 260 – Prescribing settings overall Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Community pharmacy - all 8%

Community pharmacy - independent 6%

Community pharmacy - small to medium chain 1%

Community pharmacy - large multiple chain 2%

Community pharmacy - online only pharmacy <0.5%0%

Primary care - all 48%

Primary care - general practice 45%

Primary care - urgent care provider/service 4%

Primary care - hospice <0.5%0% Primary care - Mental Health and Learning Disability 1% Service/Trust Primary care - care home 3%

Primary care - online only prescribing service <0.5%0%

Other primary care provider/organisation 3%

Secondary care - all 48%

Secondary care - hospital pharmacy 45%

Secondary care - urgent care provider/service 3% Secondary care - Mental Health & Learning Disability 3% Service/Trust Secondary care - Ambulance Service/Trust <0.5%0%

Secondary care - hospice <0.5%0%

Other secondary care provider/organisation <0.5%0%

Prison pharmacy 1%

Healthcare commissioning organisation 2%

Research, education and training 1%

Armed forces <0.5%0%

Other 2%

The most common ‘other’ responses included community health services (other primary care), intermediate care (other primary care), and other specialist clinics (other). For the full list see the appendices.

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Figure 261 shows the differences in settings by annotation type. Those who were supplementary prescribers only have been removed from the analysis as the base size is so low. As shown, those who were both independent and supplementary prescribers had more commonly prescribed in a primary care setting (54%) than those who were independent prescribers only (48%), but this difference was not significant.

Figure 261 – Prescribing settings by annotation type Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Both Supple- Independent independent mentary Settings Overall prescriber and supple- prescriber only mentary only prescriber Community – all 8% 9% *** 5% Community pharmacy – *** 6% 6% 2% independent Community pharmacy – small to *** 1% 1% 2% medium chain Community pharmacy – large *** 2% 2% 2% multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only *** <0.5% <0.5% - pharmacy Primary care – all 48% 48% *** 54% Primary care – general practice 45% 44% *** 51% Primary care – urgent care *** 4% 3% 6% provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% *** - Primary care – Mental Health & *** 1% 1% - Learning Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care home 3% 3% *** 2% Primary care – online only *** <0.5% 1% - prescribing service Other primary care *** 3% 3% 5% provider/organisation Secondary care – all 48% 48% *** 49% Secondary care – hospital *** 45% 45% 45% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care *** 3% 3% 4% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & *** 3% 3% 4% Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance *** <0.5% <0.5% - Service/Trust Secondary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% *** 1% Other secondary care *** <0.5% <0.5% - provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% *** 1% Healthcare commissioning 2% 2% *** 1% organisation Research, education or training 1% 1% *** 1% Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% *** - Other 2% 2% *** 1% Base 1,590 1,454 5 131

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As shown in Figure 262, male prescribers had more commonly prescribed in a community pharmacy setting (16%) than females (5%) and in primary care (53% compared with 46%). Females had more frequently prescribed in a secondary care setting than males (53% compared with 38%). By age, those aged 25-34 had most commonly prescribed in a secondary care setting (53%). Those aged 65 and above have been removed from the analysis as the base size is too small.

Figure 262 – Prescribing settings by sex and age Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Community – all 8% 16% 5% - 9% 7% 8% 11% *** Community pharmacy – 6% 12% 2% - 6% 6% 5% 8% *** independent Community pharmacy – small 1% 1% 1% - 1% <0.5% 2% 1% *** to medium chain Community pharmacy – large 2% 3% 1% - 3% 1% 2% 2% *** multiple chain Community pharmacy – online <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - - - <0.5% - *** only pharmacy Primary care – all 48% 53% 46% - 44% 51% 52% 50% *** Primary care – 45% 49% 42% - 40% 46% 48% 47% *** general practice Primary care – urgent care 4% 7% 2% - 3% 4% 2% 5% *** provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% 1% - *** hospice Primary care – Mental Health & 1% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% 1% - *** Learning Disability Service/Trust Primary care – 3% 2% 3% - 2% 3% 3% 2% *** care home Primary care – online only <0.5% 1% <0.5% - 1% <0.5% <0.5% - *** prescribing service Other primary care provider/ 3% 2% 3% - 2% 3% 3% 1% *** organisation Secondary care – all 48% 38% 53% - 53% 47% 43% 41% *** Secondary care – 45% 35% 50% - 50% 43% 41% 38% *** hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 3% 3% 3% - 4% 3% 2% 1% *** provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 3% - 3% 4% 2% 4% *** Learning Disability Service/Trust

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Settings Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% 1% <0.5% - 1% <0.5% - - *** Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% - 1% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% *** hospice Other secondary care provider/ <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - *** organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% *** Healthcare commissioning 2% 2% 2% - 2% 2% 1% 2% *** organisation Research, education 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% <0.5% 1% *** or training Armed forces <0.5% - <0.5% - <0.5% - - - *** Other 2% 2% 2% - 2% 2% 3% 2% *** Base 1,590 552 1,038 0 554 582 330 115 10

Figure 263 summarises the differences by race/ethnicity. Those from a Mixed background have been removed due to the low base size. As shown, those from a White British background had more commonly prescribed in a secondary care setting (56%) than those from other races/ethnicities (25% to 51%). Those from Asian and Black backgrounds had more commonly prescribed in a primary care setting (58% and 59%) than those from White British and White other backgrounds (43% and 42% respectively).

Figure 263 – Prescribing settings by race/ethnicity Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Community – all 8% 6% 5% *** 11% 17% 13% Community pharmacy 6% 3% 2% *** 9% 14% 13% – independent Community pharmacy – small to medium 1% 2% - *** - - 2% chain Community pharmacy 2% 1% 2% *** 2% 3% 2% – large multiple chain Community pharmacy – online only <0.5% - 1% *** - 1% - pharmacy Primary care – all 48% 43% 42% *** 58% 59% 62% Primary care – 45% 40% 41% *** 54% 51% 57% general practice Primary care – urgent 4% 2% - *** 6% 11% 7% care provider/service Primary care – <0.5% <0.5% - *** <0.5% - - hospice Primary care – Mental Health & Learning 1% 1% - *** 1% 3% - Disability Service/Trust

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White White Settings Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Primary care – care 3% 3% 2% *** 2% 4% - home Primary care – online only prescribing <0.5% <0.5% - *** 1% - 4% service Other primary care 3% 2% 2% *** 2% 5% 2% provider/ organisation Secondary care – all 48% 56% 51% *** 35% 35% 25% Secondary care – 45% 53% 48% *** 32% 27% 25% hospital pharmacy Secondary care – urgent care 3% 3% 6% *** 3% 5% 8% provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & 3% 3% 2% *** 3% 4% - Learning Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – Ambulance <0.5% <0.5% - *** <0.5% 3% - Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% 1% - *** - - - hospice Other secondary care <0.5% 1% - *** - - - provider/ organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% 2% *** 2% 3% - Healthcare commissioning 2% 1% 2% *** 2% 9% - organisation Research, education or 1% 1% 3% *** 1% - - training Armed forces <0.5% <0.5% - *** - - - Other 2% 2% 2% *** 2% - 14% Base 1,590 877 83 14 414 74 31

There were few differences seen in prescribing setting by where prescribers worked in their main job. Those working in Scotland and London had more commonly prescribed in a community setting (14% and 13% respectively) than those working in England and Wales (7% and 5%), as shown in Figure 264.

Figure 264 – Prescribing settings by main job location Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Community – all 8% 7% 14% 5% 13% Community pharmacy – 6% 6% 7% 4% 12% independent Community pharmacy – 1% 1% 3% 1% <0.5% small to medium chain Community pharmacy – 2% 1% 4% - - large multiple chain Community pharmacy – <0.5% <0.5% - - - online only pharmacy

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England (inc. Settings Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Primary care – all 48% 48% 49% 50% 45% Primary care – general 45% 44% 46% 45% 43% practice Primary care – urgent care 4% 4% <0.5% 8% 3% provider/service Primary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% - Primary care – Mental Health & Learning 1% 1% 1% - - Disability Service/Trust Primary care – care home 3% 2% 4% 1% 3% Primary care – online only <0.5% 1% <0.5% - 1% prescribing service Other primary care 3% 3% 4% 1% 3% provider/ organisation Secondary care – all 48% 49% 44% 51% 48% Secondary care – hospital 45% 45% 43% 48% 48% pharmacy Secondary care – urgent 3% 4% 1% 5% 4% care provider/service Secondary care – Mental Health & Learning 3% 3% 4% 5% 1% Disability Service/Trust Secondary care – <0.5% <0.5% - - - Ambulance Service/Trust Secondary care – hospice <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 2% - Other secondary care <0.5% <0.5% - 1% - provider/organisation Prison pharmacy 1% 1% - 1% 2% Healthcare commissioning 2% 2% - 5% 1% organisation Research, education or 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% training Armed forces <0.5% - - - - Other 2% 2% 2% 3% 5% Base 1,590 1,197 276 77 169

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11.9 Areas prescribed Prescribers were asked to identify the areas in which they had prescribed in the previous 12 months, choosing as many areas as applied from a list. Figure 265 ranks the areas prescribed from the most common to least common. As shown, over half (52%) had prescribed in ‘medicines optimisation and reviews’, which was the most common. The second most common was ‘pain management’ (44%) and this was followed by ‘discharge medication’ (42%), ‘hypertension’ (41%) and ‘chronic / long-term conditions’ (41%).

Figure 265 – Areas prescribed in the last 12 months overall Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Medicines optimisation and reviews 52% Pain management 44% Discharge medication 42% Hypertension 41% Chronic/long-term conditions 41% Cardiovascular 37% Respiratory 37% Acute conditions 36% Anticoagulation 34% Antimicrobials 33% Minor ailments 30% Care of the elderly 30% Gastrointestinal disease 27% Endocrinology (including diabetes) 26% Dermatology 24% Musculoskeletal 23% Mental health 23% Ear/nose/throat 19% Renal 14% Infectious diseases 14% Palliative care 13% Paediatrics 9% Travel medicine 9% Oncology 8% Hepatic 8% Substance misuse 6% Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 6% Obstetrics 3% Non-surgical cosmetic interventions 2% Other 9%

The most common ‘other’ responses were perioperative / preoperative / postoperative management, surgery / anaesthetics, and medicines reconciliation. For the full list see the appendices.

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Figure 266 summarises the differences in the ten most common prescribing areas by where prescribers worked in their main job. As shown, a larger proportion of prescribers working in England had prescribed in ‘medicines optimisation and reviews’ (54%) compared to those working in other locations. There were also other key differences, including prescribers in England more commonly prescribing in ‘discharge medication’, ‘hypertension’, ‘chronic/long- term conditions’ and ‘cardiovascular’ than those working in Scotland and Wales.

Figure 266 – Areas prescribed in the last 12 months by main job location Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

England (inc. Prescribing areas Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Medicines optimisation and 52% 54% 47% 39% 43% reviews Pain management 44% 43% 46% 40% 39% Discharge medication 42% 43% 39% 26% 39% Hypertension 41% 44% 30% 34% 41% Chronic/long-term conditions 41% 43% 34% 34% 41% Cardiovascular 37% 39% 32% 30% 35% Respiratory 37% 39% 32% 25% 37% Acute conditions 36% 37% 36% 27% 33% Anticoagulation 34% 35% 26% 42% 35% Antimicrobials 33% 35% 23% 28% 31% Base 1,590 1,197 276 77 169

As shown in Figure 267, those prescribing in primary care only were generally more likely to have prescribed in all of the most common areas in comparison to those prescribing in any other setting, with the exception of antimicrobials, in which a larger proportion of those prescribing in multiple settings had prescribed (37%).

Figure 267 – Areas prescribed in the last 12 months by prescribing setting Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Prescribing areas Other only care only care only settings settings Medicines optimisation and 52% 7% 42% 69% 26% 65% reviews Pain management 44% 20% 33% 60% 12% 48% Discharge 42% 4% 41% 50% 7% 44% medication Hypertension 41% 11% 18% 68% 21% 55% Chronic/long-term 41% 5% 25% 60% 15% 60% conditions Cardiovascular 37% 4% 20% 59% 15% 53% Respiratory 37% 26% 18% 58% 13% 46% Acute conditions 36% 33% 33% 41% 22% 41% Anticoagulation 34% 8% 28% 44% 2% 39% Antimicrobials 33% 26% 34% 33% 15% 37% Base 1,590 90 671 630 41 157

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11.10 Time spent prescribing and number of patients seen Prescribers were asked what approximate percentage of their time they spent on prescribing activities and were able to provide a figure to one decimal place. On average, prescribers said they spent 32.4% of their time on prescribing activities.

Figure 268 shows the percentages of time spent on prescribing activities by main job location. As shown, overall more than a third (35%) spent 10% or less of their time on prescribing activities and a further 27% spent between 11% and 30%. Those working in Scotland were most likely to spend 10% or under of their time prescribing (44%), whilst those working in England and London were more likely to spend 71% or more of their time (15% and 13% respectively) than those working in Scotland and Wales (8% and 11% respectively).

Figure 268 – Percentage of time spent prescribing by main job location Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

England (inc. Percentage of time Overall Scotland Wales London only London) 10% or under 35% 33% 44% 33% 34% 11% to 30% 27% 28% 27% 29% 29% 31% to 50% 16% 17% 15% 14% 17% 51% to 70% 8% 9% 6% 13% 7% 71% or more 13% 15% 8% 11% 13% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,590 1,197 276 77 169

By prescribing setting, those prescribing in a community setting only or in other settings only more commonly spent 10% or less of their time prescribing (67% and 61% respectively), whilst those prescribing in a primary care setting only more commonly spent 71% or more of their time prescribing (24%). This is shown in Figure 269.

Figure 269 – Percentage of time spent prescribing by prescribing setting Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Percentage of time Overall only care only care only settings settings 10% or under 35% 67% 46% 19% 61% 26% 11% to 30% 27% 20% 33% 22% 18% 30% 31% to 50% 16% 2% 12% 23% 6% 19% 51% to 70% 8% 6% 4% 13% 10% 11% 71% or more 13% 5% 5% 24% 6% 13% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,590 90 671 630 41 157

Prescribers were also asked how many patients they see in a typical week in their capacity as a pharmacist prescriber. A fifth said it was five or fewer (20%) and 22% said it was more than 50. As shown in Figure 270, those who worked in their main job in Scotland more commonly saw five or fewer patients in a typical week (25%), whilst those in England more commonly saw more than 50 (25%).

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Figure 270 – Patients seen per week by main job location Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

England (inc. Patients Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Five or fewer 20% 18% 25% 16% 23% 6-10 16% 14% 21% 20% 18% 11-20 17% 17% 18% 19% 11% 21-30 10% 10% 11% 11% 8% 31-40 9% 9% 7% 12% 8% 41-50 7% 7% 6% 8% 12% More than 50 22% 25% 12% 15% 21% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,590 1,197 276 77 169

Figure 271 shows the differences in number of patients seen per week between prescribing settings. As shown, those prescribing in a community setting only and other settings only (41% and 50% respectively) more commonly saw five or fewer patients in a typical week than those working in other settings. In contrast, those prescribing in a primary care setting only more frequently saw more than 50 patients in a week (29%) than those working in other settings (5% to 21%).

Figure 271 – Patients seen per week by prescribing setting Base: Prescribers who had prescribed in the last 12 months (1,590)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Patients Overall only care only care only settings settings Five or fewer 20% 41% 22% 14% 50% 11% 6-10 16% 28% 17% 13% 24% 14% 11-20 17% 11% 19% 16% 7% 22% 21-30 10% 5% 9% 10% 7% 14% 31-40 9% 5% 8% 10% - 10% 41-50 7% 5% 6% 9% 2% 8% More than 50 22% 5% 18% 29% 10% 21% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,590 90 671 630 41 157

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12. Additional qualifications and registrations

Key findings

• 40% of pharmacists held a postgraduate level qualification and 27% had a graduate level qualification.

• 53% of pharmacy technicians held an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician further education qualification.

• 41% of pharmacists and 30% of pharmacy technicians did not have an additional qualification.

• 29% of pharmacists and 32% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years.

• The vast majority of pharmacists (92%) and pharmacy technicians (98%) were registered with the GPhC only.

• Only 1% of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare regulator in Great Britain.

• 6% of pharmacists were registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain. By contrast only 1% of pharmacy technicians were.

12.1 Additional qualifications Overall Registrants were asked if they had acquired any qualifications in addition to those they needed to register. They were presented with a list and asked to select all that applied and to only include those that related to pharmacy.

Four in ten pharmacists reported that they did not have any further qualifications related to their pharmacy practice (41%). By contrast, 30% of pharmacy technicians did not have further qualifications.

Among pharmacists, the majority mentioned Higher Education qualifications (57%). Four in ten indicated they had a Postgraduate level qualification (40%) and 27% a Graduate level qualification. Pharmacy technicians, on the other hand, were more likely to mention Further Education qualifications (63%). Over half of pharmacy technicians had an ‘Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician’ qualification (53%) and a further 15% had a ‘Certificate in Medicines Optimisation’. Figure 272 summarises the qualifications mentioned by pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.

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Figure 272 – Additional qualifications by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394)

Pharmac- Pharmacy Qualification Overall ists technicians Higher Education – all 46% 57% 16% Higher Education – Graduate level 22% 27% 10% Higher Education – Postgraduate level 30% 40% 4% Higher Education – Doctoral 2% 3% <0.5% Other Higher Education qualification 3% 3% 4% Further Education – all 22% 5% 63% Further Education – Accuracy Checking Pharmacy 15% <0.5% 53% Technician Further Education – Certificate in Medicines Management 6% 2% 15% Further Education – Certificate in Medicines Optimisation 2% 1% 5% Further Education – Consultation skills for pharmacy 1% <0.5% 3% technicians (Level 4)* Further Education – Independent professional pharmacy 1% 1% <0.5% practice (Level 4)* Further Education – Delivering pharmacy 1% 1% 1% services (Level 4)* Further Education – Professional Development Award 1% <0.5% 2% (PDA) final accuracy checking by Pharmacy Technicians* Further Education – HNC Pharmacy Services 1% <0.5% 3% Development and Management* Further Education – PDA assessment and supply of <0.5% <0.5% 1% individual patients’ medicines* Further Education – Procedures for Pharmacy Aseptic 1% <0.5% 3% Checking Technicians* Other further education qualification 4% 2% 10% None 38% 41% 30% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

*These are country specific qualifications for Scotland and Wales

Three per cent of pharmacists specified an ‘other higher education qualification’ that was not listed. The most common was a ‘Clinical Certificate/Clinical Diploma/Diploma (not specified)’, followed by an ‘HNC’. Ten per cent of pharmacy technicians said they had an ‘other further education qualification’ that was not listed. This was most commonly an ‘Assessor/Internal verifier’ qualification, followed by an ‘NVQ/SVQ (not specified)’.

Pharmacists Figure 273 shows Higher Education qualifications for pharmacists by sex and age group. A detailed breakdown of Further Education qualifications is not included, as only a small proportion of pharmacists selected Further Education qualifications (5%). As shown, females more commonly had a higher education qualification than males (59% compared with 54%). They also more commonly had a Postgraduate level qualification (44%) than males (34%). Those aged 16-24 and aged 25-34 were less likely to have Higher Education qualifications (21% and 51% respectively) than those from older age groups (61% to 67%). Those aged 35-44 and 45-54 were more likely to have a Postgraduate qualification (48% and 47% respectively) in comparison with other age groups (8% to 38%).

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Figure 273 – Pharmacists’ higher education qualifications by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Qualification Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Higher Education - 57% 54% 59% 21% 51% 63% 67% 62% 61% all Graduate level 27% 28% 26% 14% 20% 26% 36% 40% 46% Postgraduate level 40% 34% 44% 8% 38% 48% 47% 34% 19% Doctoral 3% 5% 3% - 2% 3% 6% 6% 10% Other Higher Education 3% 3% 3% <0.5% 3% 4% 4% 3% 1% qualifications None 41% 43% 39% 78% 48% 35% 32% 35% 35% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

As shown in Figure 274, pharmacists who lived in Scotland less commonly had Higher Education qualifications (52%) than those from other locations (57% to 59%). However, the proportions who had Graduate level, Postgraduate level and Doctoral qualifications were broadly similar by location.

Figure 274 – Pharmacists’ higher education qualifications by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Qualification Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Higher Education - all 57% 58% 52% 59% 57% Graduate level 27% 27% 26% 29% 27% Postgraduate level 40% 41% 38% 41% 39% Doctoral 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% Other Higher Education 3% 3% 2% 4% 4% qualifications None 41% 40% 47% 38% 40% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

Pharmacy technicians Figure 275 summarises Further Education qualifications held by pharmacy technicians by sex and by age group. As pharmacy technicians were much more likely to hold Further Education qualifications (63%) than Higher Education qualifications (16%), the latter have not been included. As seen for pharmacists, female pharmacy technicians more commonly held a Further Education qualification than males (63% compared with 58%). They were also more likely to have an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician qualification (53% compared with 48%). Pharmacy technicians from the two youngest age groups (16-24 and 25-34) less commonly had further education qualifications (47% and 57%) than those from the older age groups (63% to 67%).

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Figure 275 – Pharmacy technicians’ further education qualifications by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Qualification Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Further Education – 63% 58% 63% 47% 57% 67% 65% 63% 65% all Accuracy Checking Pharmacy 53% 48% 53% 27% 48% 58% 54% 51% 57% Technician Certificate in Medicines 15% 18% 15% 11% 16% 16% 14% 14% 11% Management Certificate in Medicines 5% 5% 5% 1% 7% 5% 4% 3% 4% Optimisation Consultation skills for pharmacy 3% 3% 3% 6% 2% 4% 3% 4% 5% technicians (Level 4) Independent professional <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 2% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - pharmacy practice (Level 4) Delivering pharmacy public health 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% - services (Level 4) Professional Development Award (PDA) final accuracy 2% 3% 2% - 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% checking by Pharmacy Technicians HNC Pharmacy Services 3% 2% 3% - 1% 3% 4% 3% 4% Development and Management PDA assessment and supply of 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% individual patients’ medicines Procedures for Pharmacy Aseptic 3% 4% 3% 2% 3% 4% 4% 2% - Checking Technicians Other further education 10% 8% 10% 9% 8% 10% 11% 13% 10% qualification None 30% 26% 31% 49% 32% 24% 31% 34% 35% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

As shown in Figure 276, pharmacy technicians from London were less likely to have an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician qualification (42%) and a Further Education

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qualification (56%) than those from other locations. Pharmacy technicians from Scotland more commonly had an HNC Pharmacy Services Development and Management qualification (17%) and a PDA assessment and supply of individual patients’ medicines qualification (8%) than those from other locations, whilst those from Wales were more likely to have a Certificate in Medicines Management (25%) in comparison to other locations.

Figure 276 – Pharmacy technicians’ additional qualifications by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England (inc. Qualification Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Further Education – all 63% 62% 67% 63% 56% Accuracy Checking 53% 52% 54% 57% 42% Pharmacy Technician Certificate in Medicines 15% 16% 6% 25% 17% Management Certificate in Medicines 5% 5% <0.5% 2% 8% Optimisation Consultation skills for pharmacy technicians 3% 3% 1% 4% 7% (Level 4) Independent professional pharmacy practice (Level <0.5% <0.5% - <0.5% 1% 4) Delivering pharmacy public health services 1% 1% <0.5% 2% 2% (Level 4) Professional Development Award (PDA) final accuracy 2% 2% 9% 1% 2% checking by Pharmacy Technicians HNC Pharmacy Services Development and 3% 1% 17% 1% 1% Management PDA assessment and supply of individual 1% <0.5% 8% <0.5% 1% patients’ medicines Procedures for Pharmacy Aseptic Checking 3% 3% 6% 2% 3% Technicians Other further education 10% 10% 8% 9% 11% qualification None 30% 30% 30% 32% 27% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

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12.2 Intentions to take additional qualifications in next three years Overall Registrants were asked if they were intending to undertake any further qualifications in the next three years, excluding prescribing qualifications. They were also given the option of saying they were undecided.

Across the whole sample, three in ten registrants said they were intending to gain further qualifications (30%), with a further 38% undecided. Pharmacy technicians were slightly more likely than pharmacists to intend to undertake further qualifications (32% compared with 29%), as shown in Figure 277.

Figure 277 – Intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by registrant type Base: All (18,394)

38% 38% 38% 32% 32% 33% 30% 29% 30%

Yes No Undecided

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists The likelihood of intending to gain further qualifications decreased by age amongst pharmacists. Those aged 16-24 more commonly indicated that they intended to gain further qualifications in the next three years (47%) than any other age group (5% to 39%), whilst those aged 65 and above were most likely to say they were not going to (78%). This is shown in Figure 278.

Figure 278 – Pharmacists’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes 29% 30% 29% 47% 39% 32% 19% 7% 5% Undecided 38% 37% 39% 36% 41% 40% 39% 28% 18% No 33% 33% 32% 17% 20% 28% 42% 65% 78% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

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As shown in Figure 279, pharmacists from a White British background more commonly said that they did not intend to undertake further qualifications in the next three years (47%) than those from other races/ethnicities (16% to 27%). By contrast almost half of pharmacists from a Black background said they intended to (49%), higher than for any other race/ethnicity (20% to 46%).

Figure 279 – Pharmacists’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Intention Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Yes 29% 20% 36% 30% 33% 49% 46% Undecided 38% 33% 41% 43% 42% 35% 35% No 33% 47% 22% 27% 25% 16% 20% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

By location, those living in London more commonly intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years (35%) than those living in other locations (20% to 30%), particularly compared with Scotland (20%), as shown in Figure 280.

Figure 280 – Pharmacists’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes 29% 30% 20% 23% 35% Undecided 38% 38% 34% 37% 38% No 33% 31% 46% 40% 27% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

Pharmacy technicians Figure 281 summarises the differences by sex and age group amongst pharmacy technicians. As shown, males were more likely to say they were intending to gain further qualifications in the next three years (50%) than females (30%). As seen with pharmacists, the likelihood of intending to gain further qualifications decreased with age. The youngest age group (16-24) most commonly intended to undertake further qualifications (65%) and only 2% of those aged 65 and above said the same.

Figure 281 – Pharmacy technicians’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes 32% 50% 30% 65% 51% 36% 22% 9% 2% Undecided 38% 34% 39% 27% 34% 43% 42% 32% 24% No 30% 16% 32% 8% 15% 21% 37% 59% 74% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

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Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

Like pharmacists, pharmacy technicians from a White British background more commonly said that they did not intend to undertake further qualifications (33%) than those from other races/ethnicities (9% to 18%). Again, those from a Black background more commonly said that they intended to undertake further qualifications (56%) than those from other races/ethnicities (29% to 46%). This is shown in Figure 282.

Figure 282 – Pharmacy technicians’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

White White Intention Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Yes 32% 29% 43% 42% 46% 56% 46% Undecided 38% 38% 40% 40% 37% 35% 37% No 30% 33% 17% 18% 17% 9% 17% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

As with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians living in London more commonly intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years (46%) than those living in other locations (30% to 33%), as shown in Figure 283.

Figure 283 – Pharmacy technicians’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes 32% 33% 30% 30% 46% Undecided 38% 38% 37% 36% 39% No 30% 29% 34% 34% 15% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

12.3 Registrations with other healthcare regulators Overall Registrants were asked if they were registered with any other healthcare regulator either in Great Britain or overseas. The majority (94%) said they were only registered with the GPhC, whilst 5% were registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain and 1% were registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare regulator. As shown in Figure 284, pharmacists were more likely to be registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain (6%) than pharmacy technicians (1%).

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Figure 284 – Registrations with other regulators by registrant type Base: All (18,394)

Pharmacy Registration Overall Pharmacist technician Registered with GPhC only 94% 92% 98% Registered with another non-pharmacy 1% 1% 1% healthcare regulator Registered with another pharmacy regulator 5% 6% 1% outside Great Britain Registered with another non-pharmacy 0% 0% 0% healthcare regulator outside of Great Britain TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

Pharmacists The figure below summarises the differences in registrations with other regulators by sex and age amongst pharmacists. As shown, those aged 16-24 were most likely to be registered with the GPhC only (98%).

Figure 285 – Pharmacists’ registrations with other regulators by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Registration Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Registered with 92% 92% 93% 98% 92% 91% 92% 95% 95% GPhC only Registered with another non- pharmacy 1% 2% 1% - 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% healthcare regulator Registered with another pharmacy 6% 7% 6% 2% 7% 8% 6% 3% 3% regulator outside Great Britain Registered with another non- pharmacy healthcare <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - regulator outside of Great Britain TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

As shown in

Figure 286, pharmacists from London and England were more commonly registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain (6% and 5% respectively) than those living in Scotland and Wales (both 2%).

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Figure 286 – Pharmacists’ registrations with other regulators by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Registration Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Registered with GPhC only 92% 94% 97% 96% 93% Registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% regulator Registered with another pharmacy regulator 6% 5% 2% 2% 6% outside Great Britain Registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - 1% regulator outside of Great Britain TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

Pharmacy technicians Amongst pharmacy technicians, males were more commonly registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain (6%) than females (1%), but there was very little difference by age group as shown in Figure 287.

Figure 287 – Pharmacy technicians’ registrations with other regulators by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Registration Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Registered with 98% 92% 99% 99% 97% 97% 98% 99% 100% GPhC only Registered with another non- pharmacy 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% - healthcare regulator Registered with another pharmacy 1% 6% 1% - 2% 2% 1% <0.5% - regulator outside Great Britain Registered with another non- pharmacy <0.5% 1% <0.5% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% - healthcare regulator outside of Great Britain TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

As seen with pharmacists, pharmacy technicians living in London were more commonly registered with another pharmacy regulator outside of Great Britain (5%) than those living in other locations (<0.5% to 1%). This is shown in Figure 288.

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Figure 288 – Pharmacy technicians’ registrations with other regulators by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England (inc. Registration Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Registered with GPhC only 98% 98% 99% 97% 93% Registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% regulator Registered with another pharmacy regulator outside 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 5% Great Britain Registered with another non-pharmacy healthcare <0.5% <0.5% - - 1% regulator outside of Great Britain TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

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13. Future plans

Key findings

• 94% of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians said they intended to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was up for renewal.

• 5% of both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were undecided about whether they were going to renew their registration and 1% of both said they were not going to.

• 82% of pharmacists said they were going to continue practising in the next three years, but 16% were undecided and 2% were not going to continue.

• 86% of pharmacy technicians were going to continue practising in the next three years, 13% were undecided and 1% were not going to continue.

• Amongst those who were not intending to continue practising in the next three years, 37% of pharmacists and 40% of pharmacy technicians said it was because they intended to work in a different sector. A further 34% of those pharmacists and 35% of those pharmacy technicians said it was because they intended to retire.

• 39% of pharmacists and 30% of pharmacy technicians said they were intending to change their workplace setting in the next three years.

• 44% of pharmacists and 33% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to change their role in the next three years.

• 24% of pharmacists said they were intending to move location in the next three years, larger than the proportion of pharmacy technicians who said the same (18%).

• 31% of pharmacists and 20% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to decrease the number of hours they worked in the next three years.

• Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians working in a primary care setting only were less likely to intend to change role (35% and 30%) than those working in any other setting. Pharmacists working in other settings were also less likely to intend change role (39%) than those working in any other setting.

13.1 Future plans for registration Overall Registrants were asked if they intended to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was due for renewal and were given the option of saying that they were undecided. Overall, 94% said they were intending to renew their registration and there was no difference between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (both 94%). This is shown in Figure 289.

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Figure 289 – Intentions to renew registration by registrant type Base: All (18,394) 94% 94% 94%

1% 1% 1% 5% 5% 5%

Yes No Undecided

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists Amongst pharmacists, similar proportions of females and males intended to renew their registration with the GPhC (95% and 92% respectively). By age, those in the two oldest age groups (55-64 and 65+) less commonly intended to renew their registration (84% and 71% respectively) than those in younger age groups (95% to 96%). This is summarised in Figure 290.

Figure 290 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by sex and age Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes, intend to 94% 92% 95% 95% 96% 96% 96% 84% 71% renew Undecided 5% 7% 4% 5% 3% 4% 4% 12% 19% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% - <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% 4% 10% renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 4,977 8,154 418 4,995 3,546 2,318 1,523 336

By race/ethnicity, intention to renew was again high for all groups (93% to 97%) and there was little difference between races/ethnicities, as shown in Figure 291.

Figure 291 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

White White Intention Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Yes, intend to renew 94% 93% 94% 96% 95% 97% 96% Undecided 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 4% No, do not intend to 1% 2% 1% - 1% <0.5% <0.5% renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 5,071 909 151 4,663 817 306

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As shown in Figure 292, intention to renew was similarly high in all locations (93% to 96%).

Figure 292 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by home location Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes, intend to renew 94% 94% 96% 93% 94% Undecided 5% 5% 3% 5% 5% No, do not intend to 1% 1% <0.5% 3% <0.5% renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 10,806 1,192 585 1,779

As shown in Figure 293, there was also little difference in pharmacists’ intention to renew by their route to register.

Figure 293 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by route to register Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Intention Overall UK EEA Overseas Yes, intend to renew 94% 94% 95% 95% Undecided 5% 5% 5% 4% No, do not intend to renew 1% 1% <0.5% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 11,636 680 820

By year of registration, pharmacists who registered before 1979 were more likely to be undecided about whether they were going to renew (19%) and also had the largest proportion who did not intend to renew (8%). This is shown in Figure 294.

Figure 294 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by year of registration Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Before 2016 or Intention Overall 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2015 1979 after Yes, intend to 94% 73% 88% 96% 96% 96% 95% renew Undecided 5% 19% 10% 3% 4% 3% 5% No, do not 1% 8% 3% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% intend to renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 545 1,638 2,018 3,433 3,591 1,911

Pharmacists’ intention to renew was also high across all settings worked in main jobs (94% to 98%), as shown in Figure 295.

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Figure 295 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists (13,136)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Intention Overall only care only care only settings settings Yes, intend to renew 94% 94% 97% 98% 94% 96% Undecided 5% 5% 2% 2% 6% 4% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% 1% renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,136 7,105 2,381 977 954 598

Pharmacy technicians Amongst pharmacy technicians, one in ten of those aged 65 and above said they did not intend to renew (10%), which was higher than for other age groups, as shown in Figure 296. This age group was also more commonly undecided (12%) than other age groups (4% to 8%).

Figure 296 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes, intend to 94% 93% 94% 92% 96% 95% 94% 90% 78% renew Undecided 5% 5% 5% 8% 4% 5% 6% 8% 12% No, do not 1% 1% 1% - <0.5% <0.5% 1% 2% 10% intend to renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 650 4,606 161 1,335 1,421 1,472 818 50

As shown in Figure 297, intention to renew was high by race/ethnicity, varying from 92% to 98%.

Figure 297 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

White White Intention Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Yes, intend to renew 94% 94% 96% 92% 95% 98% 97% Undecided 5% 5% 4% 6% 5% 2% 3% No, do not intend to 1% 1% - 3% 1% - - renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,016 144 51 709 127 30

As shown in Figure 298, there was little difference in pharmacy technicians’ intention to renew by home location.

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Figure 298 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes, intend to renew 94% 93% 97% 95% 94% Undecided 5% 6% 2% 4% 5% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% 1% <0.5% renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,306 572 319 413

Figure 299 summarises the differences in intentions to renew by route to register amongst pharmacy technicians. As shown, a larger proportion of those who grandparented from overseas were undecided as to whether they intend to renew their registration with the GPhC (9%) than those who had qualified via the UK (4%).

Figure 299 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by route to register41 Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Grand- Grand- Intention Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Yes, intend to renew 94% 93% 95% 89% 97% Undecided 5% 6% 4% 9% 3% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% 1% - renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 3,127 1,994 96 39

As shown in Figure 300, there was little difference in pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew their registration by year of registration.

Figure 300 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by year of registration Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

2016 or Intention Overall 2010-2015 after Yes, intend to renew 94% 94% 95% Undecided 5% 5% 4% No, do not intend to renew 1% 1% <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 4,165 1,093

Intention to renew was consistently high amongst all settings worked in main job, as shown in Figure 301.

41 The overseas plus UK route to register has been omitted as the base size for respondents that this was applicable to is so small.

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Figure 301 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew by setting of main job Base: Pharmacy technicians (5,258)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Intention Overall only care only care only settings settings Yes, intend to renew 94% 93% 96% 96% 96% 97% Undecided 5% 7% 3% 4% 4% 3% No, do not intend to 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% renew TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,258 2,199 1,949 319 403 215

13.2 Future practice in pharmacy Overall Registrants were asked if they intended to continue practising as a pharmacy professional in Great Britain over the next three years. Again they could say if they were undecided if they wanted to. This question was not asked to registrants who had previously said that they were not going to renew their registration with the GPhC.

Overall, 83% of registrants said they were intending to continue practising and only 2% said they were not. However, 15% of registrants said they were undecided. Intention to renew was similar for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (82% and 86%), as shown in Figure 302.

Figure 302 – Intentions to continue practising by registrant type Base: Those who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (18,217)

83% 82% 86%

15% 16% 13% 2% 2% 1%

Yes No Undecided

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists Looking at intention to continue to practise as a pharmacy professional in the next three years by sex, it is apparent that females were more likely to intend to continue practising than males (84% compared with 78%). Older age groups (55-64 and 65+) were more commonly undecided about whether they were going to continue to practise (29% and 41%

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respectively) than younger age groups (12% to 19%). The differences by sex and age group are summarised in Figure 303.

Figure 303 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (13,004)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes, intend to 82% 78% 84% 81% 84% 86% 86% 66% 57% continue practising Undecided 16% 18% 14% 19% 14% 12% 12% 29% 41% No, do not intend to continue 2% 3% 2% <0.5% 2% 2% 2% 6% 2% practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,004 4,910 8,089 418 4,972 3,534 2,310 1,466 303

There wasn’t much variation in pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising across the different races/ethnicities, as shown in Figure 304.

Figure 304 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (13,004)

White White Intention Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Yes, intend to 82% 83% 81% 86% 82% 86% 84% continue practising Undecided 16% 15% 16% 11% 15% 12% 13% No, do not intend to continue 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,004 4,986 900 151 4,633 815 306

As shown in Figure 305, pharmacists from London were most commonly undecided as to whether they intended to continue to practise in the next three years (18%).

Figure 305 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by home location Base: Pharmacists who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (13,004)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes, intend to continue 82% 83% 88% 85% 80% practising Undecided 16% 15% 11% 15% 18% No, do not intend to 2% 2% 1% 1% 3% continue practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,004 10,702 1,187 569 1,771

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Figure 306 summarises the differences in intentions to continue practising by route to register. As shown, those who registered via overseas were more likely to intend to continue to practise (87%) than those who registered via the UK and EEA (82% and 81% respectively).

Figure 306 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by route to register Base: Pharmacists who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (13,004)

Intention Overall UK EEA Overseas Yes, intend to continue practising 82% 82% 81% 87% Undecided 16% 16% 17% 11% No, do not intend to continue 2% 2% 2% 2% practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,004 11,514 677 813

As shown in Figure 307, large proportions of pharmacists working in a secondary care setting only, a primary care setting only, other settings only or in multiple settings intended to continue practising in the next three years (85% to 92%). However, a smaller proportion of those working in a community setting only did (82%), which was driven by 15% saying they were undecided.

Figure 307 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by setting of main job Base: Pharmacists who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (13,004)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Intention Overall only care only care only settings settings Yes, intend to 82% 82% 88% 92% 86% 85% continue practising Undecided 16% 15% 11% 7% 13% 14% No, do not intend to 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% continue practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 13,004 7,045 2,369 974 948 595

Pharmacy technicians Figure 308 summarises the differences by sex and age. Amongst pharmacy technicians, those aged 65 and above were most commonly undecided about whether they were going to continue to practise in the next three years (40%) and most likely to say that they did not intend to continue (8%), however the base size of that age group is much smaller than that of other age groups. There was little difference in intention to continue practising by sex.

Figure 308 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (5,213)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Yes, intend to 86% 88% 86% 84% 90% 87% 87% 77% 52% continue practising Undecided 13% 11% 13% 14% 10% 11% 13% 21% 40%

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Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ No, do not intend to continue 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% <0.5% 2% 8% practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,213 641 4,571 161 1,329 1,415 1,463 801 45

As shown in Figure 309, pharmacy technicians from Asian, Black and other races/ethnicities more commonly stated that they intended to continue practising (88% to 89%) than those from White British, White other and Mixed backgrounds (80% to 85%).

Figure 309 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (5,213)

White White Intention Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Yes, intend to 86% 85% 84% 80% 89% 88% 89% continue practising Undecided 13% 14% 14% 20% 10% 12% 11% No, do not intend to continue 1% 1% 1% - 1% - - practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,213 3,979 144 49 704 127 30

Intention to continue practising was high across all locations (85% to 91%). Nine in ten of those living in Scotland intended to continue practising (91%), which was similar to those living in Wales (88%) and higher than those living in England and London (both 85%). This is shown in Figure 310.

Figure 310 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (5,213)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Yes, intend to continue 86% 85% 91% 88% 85% practising Undecided 13% 14% 8% 12% 14% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% <0.5% 1% continue practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,213 4,270 568 317 412

As shown in Figure 311, pharmacy technicians who grandparented to the register via the UK were more likely to be undecided about whether they intended to continue to practise in the next three years (15%). Those who registered via the UK and via the EEA more commonly stated that they intended to continue practising (89% and 91%) than those who had grandparented (84% via the UK and 85% via overseas).

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Figure 311 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by route to register42 Base: Pharmacy technicians who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (5,213)

Grand- Grand- Intention Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Yes, intend to continue 86% 84% 89% 85% 91% practising Undecided 13% 15% 11% 9% 9% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% 6% - continue practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,213 3,095 1,983 94 39

As shown in Figure 312, pharmacy technicians working in a community setting only less commonly intended to continue practising (83%) than those working in any other setting (87% to 89%), as seen with pharmacists. This was driven by 16% saying they were undecided.

Figure 312 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by main job setting Base: Pharmacy technicians who were intending to renew their registration or undecided (5,213)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Intention Overall only care only care only settings settings Yes, intend to 86% 83% 89% 87% 88% 89% continue practising Undecided 13% 16% 10% 12% 12% 9% No, do not intend to 1% 1% 1% <0.5% <0.5% 1% continue practising TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,213 2,185 1,940 318 402 214

13.3 Reasons for not continuing to practice Overall Registrants who said they were not intending to renew their registration or that they were not intending to continue practising in pharmacy were asked the reasons why and were asked to select all that applied from a list. Figure 313 shows the reasons ranked in order of frequency. As shown, intentions to work in a different sector (non-pharmacy) was the most commonly cited reason (38%), followed by intentions to retire (34%). One in ten (11%) said that they intended to leave Great Britain. There were a few notable differences by registrant type – pharmacists were more commonly intending to leave Great Britain than pharmacy technicians (12% compared with 3%) and pharmacy technicians more commonly stated that they intended to work in a role that does not require registration (11% compared with 5%).

42 Overseas and UK route to register has been omitted as the base size for respondents that this was applicable to is so small.

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Figure 313 – Reasons for not renewing registration or continuing to practise registrant type Base: Those not intending to renew their registration or continue practising as a pharmacy professional (527)

Intend to work in a different sector (non- 38% 37% pharmacy) 40%

34% Intend to retire 34% 35%

11% Intend to leave Great Britain 12% 3%

7% Intend to stop working to look after family/home 7% 7%

Intend to work in a pharmacy role that does 6% 5% Overall not require registration 11% Pharmacist Pharmacy technician Anticipate not being able to work due to lack of 4% 4% work in my local area <0.5%0%

3% Intend to go into full-time education 3% 2%

Anticipate not being able to work due to an 1% 1% illness or disability 2%

18% Other reason 19% 15%

The most common ‘other’ reasons were low job satisfaction / low morale, already living outside of Great Britain / overseas, low pay / reduced rates for locums, work overload / pressure / stress, dislike for the pharmacy profession or the future direction of the profession, and a lack of respect / recognition / support from employer. For the full list see the appendices.

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13.4 Changes in pharmacy work Overall Registrants who said they were intending to continue practising as pharmacy professionals or were undecided were shown a list of possible intentions and asked if they intended to do any of them in the next three years. Registrants were able to select as many as were applicable.

As shown in Figure 314, four in ten registrants indicated that they intended to change their role in the next three years (40%) and 36% said they planned to change their workplace setting. A further 28% planned to decrease their number of hours worked and 22% said they intended to move location. A larger proportion of pharmacists intended to make each of these changes than pharmacy technicians, whilst the latter were more likely to say that they did not intend to do any (40% compared with 28%).

Figure 314 – Intentions in the next three years by registrant type Base: Those intending to renew their registration and continue practising (17,867)

Pharmacy Intention Overall Pharmacist technician Change workplace setting 36% 39% 30% Change role 40% 44% 33% Move location 22% 24% 18% Increase number of hours worked overall 11% 12% 10% Decrease number of hours worked overall 28% 31% 20% None 32% 28% 40% Base 17,867 12,707 5,159

Pharmacists Amongst pharmacists, females more commonly intended to change their workplace setting in the next three years than males (40% compared with 37%). Intentions to change workplace setting, change role, move location and increase numbers of hours worked declined with age, with those aged 65 and above least commonly saying they intended to do these (6%, 6%, 4% and 3% respectively). Those in the oldest age brackets (55-64 and 65+) were more likely to intend to decrease their hours (46% both age groups). Figure 315 summarises the differences by sex and age.

Figure 315 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by sex and age Base: Pharmacists intending to renew their registration and continue practising (12,707)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Change workplace 39% 37% 40% 59% 51% 37% 28% 16% 6% setting Change role 44% 44% 43% 60% 57% 45% 31% 18% 6% Move location 24% 24% 24% 45% 33% 23% 14% 9% 4% Increase number of 12% 8% 14% 13% 12% 15% 11% 5% 3% hours worked Decrease number 31% 33% 30% 24% 32% 26% 27% 46% 46% of hours worked None 28% 29% 28% 18% 18% 30% 40% 40% 44% Base 12,707 4,750 7,953 417 4,874 3,469 2,265 1,385 297

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As shown in Figure 316, pharmacists in London were more likely to intend to change their workplace setting (46%), change their role (51%) and move location (28%) than pharmacists living in other locations. Those living in Scotland more commonly said they did not intend to do any of the things listed in the next three years (39%) than those living in other locations (22% to 33%).

Figure 316 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by home location Base: Pharmacists intending to renew their registration and continue practising (12,707)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Change workplace setting 39% 40% 27% 31% 46% Change role 44% 45% 32% 39% 51% Move location 24% 24% 19% 19% 28% Increase number of hours 12% 12% 11% 11% 12% worked Decrease number of hours 31% 32% 28% 33% 32% worked None 28% 27% 39% 33% 22% Base 12,707 10,471 1,172 565 1,727

By route to register, pharmacists who registered via the EEA were more likely to say that they intended to move location in the next three years (32%) than those who registered in the UK or overseas (both 24%). This is shown in Figure 317.

Figure 317 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by route to register Base: Pharmacists intending to renew their registration and continue practising (12,707)

Intention Overall UK EEA Overseas Change workplace setting 39% 38% 40% 40% Change role 44% 43% 44% 47% Move location 24% 24% 32% 24% Increase number of hours worked 12% 12% 12% 14% Decrease number of hours worked 31% 31% 26% 31% None 28% 29% 23% 26% Base 12,707 11,246 665 797

Figure 318 summarises intentions in the next three years amongst pharmacists by main job setting. As shown, those in primary care and other settings were less likely to intend to change workplace setting (29% and 28% respectively) than those working in any other setting (38% to 41%). Those working in a primary care setting only and other settings were also less likely to intend to change role (35% and 39%) than those working in any other setting (42% to 51%). Those working in a community setting only and in multiple settings were more likely to intend to decrease their number of hours worked (36% and 32%) than those working in any other setting (21% to 27%).

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Figure 318 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by main job setting Base: Pharmacists intending to renew their registration and continue practising (12,707)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Intention Overall only care only care only settings settings Change workplace 39% 41% 38% 29% 28% 39% setting Change role 44% 42% 51% 35% 39% 51% Move location 24% 25% 26% 18% 17% 23% Increase number of 12% 13% 8% 13% 9% 8% hours worked Decrease number of 31% 36% 27% 26% 21% 32% hours worked None 28% 26% 29% 38% 40% 28% Base 12,707 6,877 2,340 966 936 587

Pharmacy technicians As shown in Figure 319, male pharmacy technicians were more likely than females to intend to change their workplace setting (42% compared with 28%), change their role (48% compared with 31%) and move location (32% compared with 17%) in the next three years. Females were more likely to plan to decrease their hours (21% compared with 12%). As seen with pharmacists, the likelihood of pharmacy technicians intending to change their workplace setting, change role, move location and increase their number of hours decreased with age, with those aged 65 and above least commonly intending to do all four. No pharmacists aged 65+ intended to increase their numbers of hours, although the base size was low for that age group. Those aged 16-24 were more likely than other age groups to plan to change their workplace setting (55%), change their role (58%) and move location (31%).

Figure 319 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians intending to renew their registration and continue practising (5,159)

Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Change workplace 30% 42% 28% 55% 37% 35% 25% 13% 5% setting Change role 33% 48% 31% 58% 46% 38% 24% 13% 2% Move location 18% 32% 17% 31% 24% 21% 14% 9% 7% Increase number of 10% 9% 10% 16% 11% 16% 8% 3% - hours worked Decrease number 20% 12% 21% 18% 20% 15% 19% 33% 28% of hours worked None 40% 31% 42% 13% 30% 37% 49% 51% 65% Base 5,159 631 4,527 157 1,322 1,398 1,457 784 41

Four in ten pharmacy technicians from London said they intended to change their workplace setting (40%), which was the highest out of all the locations, as shown in Figure 320. Those from London also more commonly planned to change their role (44%) and move location (31%) in the next three years in comparison to those from other locations. A larger proportion of pharmacists in England intended to decrease their number of hours (21%) than those in Scotland (15%) and London (16%). Pharmacy technicians in Scotland and Wales were more likely to say they did not intend to do any of the things listed (48% and 47% respectively) than those living in England (39%) and London (30%).

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Figure 320 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by home location Base: Pharmacy technicians intending to renew their registration and continue practising (5,159)

England (inc. Intention Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Change workplace setting 30% 31% 26% 22% 40% Change role 33% 34% 31% 24% 44% Move location 18% 19% 18% 14% 31% Increase number of hours 10% 11% 6% 10% 12% worked Decrease number of hours 20% 21% 15% 19% 16% worked None 40% 39% 48% 47% 30% Base 5,159 4,222 564 316 408

Those who had grandparented from overseas more commonly planned to change their workplace setting (42%), change their role (56%) and move location (33%) over the next three years than those who registered via other ways. Those who grandparented via the UK least commonly intended to change their workplace setting (25%), change their role (25%), move location (15%) and increase their hours (8%). This is shown in Figure 321.

Figure 321 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by route to register43 Base: Pharmacy technicians intending to renew their registration and continue practising (5,159)

Grand- Grand- Intention Overall parented UK parented EEA UK overseas Change workplace setting 30% 25% 36% 42% 35% Change role 33% 25% 43% 56% 35% Move location 18% 15% 24% 33% 32% Increase number of hours 10% 8% 13% 17% 13% worked Decrease number of hours 20% 21% 19% 14% 3% worked None 40% 47% 32% 16% 36% Base 5,159 3,061 1,969 88 39

Figure 322 summarises intentions in the next three years amongst pharmacy technicians by main job setting. As shown those in a primary care setting only were less likely to intend to change their workplace setting (20%) than those working in any other setting (29% to 38%). Those working in a community setting only were less likely to intend to change role (25%) than those in any other setting (30% to 44%), but they were more likely to intend to both increase their number of hours worked (13%) and decrease them (23%), although the same proportion of those working in multiple settings also said they intended to decrease their hours (23%).

43 The overseas plus UK route to register has been omitted as the base size for respondents that this was applicable to is so small.

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Figure 322 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by main job setting Base: Pharmacy technicians intending to renew their registration and continue practising (5,159)

Community Secondary Primary Other Multiple Intention Overall only care only care only settings settings Change workplace 30% 30% 29% 20% 34% 38% setting Change role 33% 25% 38% 30% 39% 44% Move location 18% 18% 19% 13% 20% 23% Increase number of 10% 13% 8% 8% 8% 10% hours worked Decrease number of 20% 23% 19% 14% 17% 23% hours worked None 40% 39% 41% 52% 41% 33% Base 5,159 2,163 1,917 317 401 211

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14. Workforce movement

This chapter looks at those who registered with the GPhC via the UK or overseas route in 2016 or onwards and explores geographical movement from place of education, to place of pre-registration, to their current place of work. Within this chapter, the term ‘workforce’ refers to this cohort of registrants.

Key findings

• 52% of pharmacists who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 via a UK qualification (MPharm or OSPAP) completed their pre-registration training in the same region of the UK where they achieved their MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification (52%). The other 48% moved regions.

• For pharmacists moving from place of study to place of pre-registration training, London saw the largest workforce gain (6%) and losses were seen in the East Midlands (-6%), the South East (-4%), Scotland (-3%) and the North East (-2%).

• 63% of pharmacists and 90% of pharmacy technicians who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 work in the same region of the UK where they completed their pre-registration training.

• Pharmacists in Scotland were more likely to have stayed for work in the region of the UK where they completed their pre-registration training (91%) compared with those who completed their pre-registration training in other regions. By comparison, a third of those who completed their training in the East of England and the South West moved for work (both 33%), as did 32% from the East Midlands and 31% from London.

• Between pharmacy technicians’ place of training and their place of work, there was a fairly equal split between regions that saw gains and regions that saw losses. Yorkshire & Humber saw the largest gain (10%) and gains were also seen in Wales (4%), the South West (4%), East Midlands (4%) and Scotland (3%). Losses were seen elsewhere, with the largest in London (-16%).

• 74% of pharmacists and 82% of pharmacy technicians lived and worked in their main job in the same county or area in the UK.

14.1 Place of qualification Pharmacists Pharmacists who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 via the UK or overseas route were asked where they had achieved their MPharm degree or OSPAP (overseas pharmacists' assessment programme) qualification and were able to choose from a list of institutions in the UK.

Figure 323 ranks institutions from the most common to least common.

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Figure 323 – Institution where MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification was achieved Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Institution Percentage University of Nottingham 8% University of Sunderland 7% University of Strathclyde (Glasgow) 7% University of Bradford 5% Kingston University London 5% Aston University (Birmingham) 5% University of Hertfordshire (Hatfield) 5% De Montfort University (Leicester) 4% Medway School of Pharmacy, 4% Universities of Greenwich and Kent University of Brighton 4% Robert Gordon University (Aberdeen) 4% University of Portsmouth 4% Liverpool John Moores University 4% University of Reading 4% Keele University 4% King's College, University of London 3% University College London 3% Cardiff University 3% University of Manchester 3% University of Bath 2% University of Central Lancashire 2% (Preston) University of East Anglia (Norwich) 2% University of Wolverhampton 2% University of Huddersfield 2% Queen’s University Belfast 1% University of Birmingham 1% Durham University <0.5% TOTAL 100% Base 1,783

These institutions were mapped to regions of the UK. As shown in Figure 324, the most common region was the South East where 16% achieved their MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification.

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Figure 324 – Region where MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification was achieved Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

South East 16%

East Midlands 12%

London 12%

West Midlands 11%

Scotland 11%

North West 9%

Yorkshire & Humber 7%

East 7%

North East 7%

Wales 3%

South West 2%

Northern Ireland 1%

14.2 Place of training Overall Both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who had registered with the GPhC since 2016 via the UK or overseas were asked where they completed their pre-registration training. They were asked to specify first the country where they did their training and then the county in England or area in Scotland and Wales. These were then mapped to regions of the UK.

As shown in Figure 325, London was the most common place for registrants to have completed their training (17%). The proportions of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians are similar for each region.

Figure 325 – Place of pre-registration training by registrant type Base: Registrants who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (2,866)

Pharmacy Region Overall Pharmacist technician London 17% 18% 14% South East 13% 13% 13% West Midlands 13% 12% 14% North West 11% 11% 11% Yorkshire & Humber 10% 9% 11%

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Pharmacy Region Overall Pharmacist technician East 8% 9% 7% Scotland 8% 8% 8% East Midlands 6% 7% 5% South West 6% 5% 7% North East 5% 5% 4% Wales 4% 3% 4% 1% 1% 1% Channel Islands <0.5% - <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 2,866 1,783 1,084

14.3 Place of qualification to place of pre-registration training Pharmacists For pharmacists who had registered since 2016 via the UK or overseas route, the region where they achieved their MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification was compared with the region where they completed their pre-registration training to see whether they had stayed in the same region or moved. Just over half stayed in the same region for their pre-registration training (52%) and 48% moved elsewhere. Pharmacists in Scotland were more likely to stay in the same region (68%) than those from other regions and those who qualified in the East Midlands were most likely to have moved for pre-registration training (67%). This is summarised in Figure 326, which ranks each region from that with the largest proportion of pharmacists who stayed to the smallest.

Figure 326 – Stayed or moved for pre-registration training amongst pharmacists by region of qualification Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Region Stayed Moved TOTAL Base Scotland 68% 32% 100% 192 North West 65% 35% 100% 161 Yorkshire & Humber 61% 39% 100% 132 London 60% 40% 100% 212 North East 56% 44% 100% 125 West Midlands 56% 44% 100% 204 South East 45% 55% 100% 290 Wales 39% 61% 100% 60 East 39% 61% 100% 125 South West 37% 63% 100% 44 East Midlands 33% 67% 100% 221 Northern Ireland *** *** *** 16 Overall 52% 48% 100% 1,783

As shown in Figure 327, there was little difference in movement by sex. Those aged 16-24 were slightly more likely to have stayed (56%) than those aged 25-34 and 35-44 (51% and 52% respectively), as shown in the figure.

Figure 327 – Stayed or moved for pre-registration training amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

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Intention Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Stayed 52% 53% 52% 56% 51% 52% *** *** - Moved 48% 47% 48% 44% 49% 48% *** *** - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% *** *** *** Base 1,783 595 1,187 415 1,273 79 14 1 0

By race/ethnicity those from a Mixed background were more likely to have stayed (77%) than those from other races/ethnicities (46% to 58%), although the low base size for that group should be noted. Figure 328 summarises the differences by race/ethnicity.

Figure 328 – Stayed or moved for pre-registration training amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

White White Stayed or moved Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Stayed 52% 56% 58% 77% 50% 46% 54% Moved 48% 44% 42% 23% 50% 54% 46% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,783 435 53 33 911 130 74

Institutions were also mapped to regions so they could be compared to region of pre- registration training. From this, net gains and losses within each region have been calculated and they are displayed in Figure 329. As shown, the largest percentage gain was within the South West (91%) and there were also substantial gains in London (51%) and in the East of England (27%). Substantial losses were seen in the East Midlands (-48%), Scotland (-26%), the North East (-25%) and the South East (-22%).

Figure 329 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from qualification to pre-registration training within region Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Did pre- Net gain/loss Studied in registration Net gain/loss (% change Region region (n) training in (n) within region (n) region) South West 44 84 40 91% London 212 321 109 51% East 125 159 34 27% North West 161 189 28 17% Yorkshire & Humber 132 154 22 17% West Midlands 204 214 10 5% Wales 60 58 -2 -3% South East 290 227 -63 -22% North East 125 94 -31 -25% Scotland 192 142 -50 -26% East Midlands 221 116 -105 -48% Northern Ireland *** *** *** *** TOTAL BASE 1783 1783 N/A N/A

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Figure 330 shows the percentages of pharmacists who studied and did their pre-registration training in each region as a total of the workforce and the net gains and losses. As shown, London saw the largest gain (6%) and losses were seen in the East Midlands (-6%), the South East (-4%), Scotland (-3%) and the North East (-2%).

Figure 330 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from region of qualification to region of pre-registration training within the workforce Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Did pre- Studied in registration Net gain/loss Region region (% of training in (% of workforce) region (% of workforce) workforce) London 12% 18% 6% South West 2% 5% 2% East 7% 9% 2% North West 9% 11% 2% Yorkshire & Humber 7% 9% 1% West Midlands 11% 12% 1% Northern Ireland 1% 1% 1% Wales 3% 3% <0.5% North East 7% 5% -2% Scotland 11% 8% -3% South East 16% 13% -4% East Midlands 12% 7% -6% TOTAL 100% 100% N/A Base 1783 1783 N/A

14.4 Place of training to place of work Overall Regions where registrants completed their training were compared with the regions in which they worked in their main job. As shown in Figure 331, 73% of registrants stayed in the same region for work as where they completed their training. This was much higher amongst pharmacy technicians (90%) than pharmacists (63%), who were more likely to have moved.

Figure 331 – Stayed or moved for work by registrant type

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Base: Registrants who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (2,866)

90% 73% 63%

28% 20% 8% 9% 7% 3%

Stayed Moved No paid pharmacy role*

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

*No paid pharmacy role includes those working in non-pharmacy roles, those who were in full-time education, those working overseas, those who were unemployed and those who were not working.

Pharmacists Pharmacists in Scotland were more likely to have stayed in the region of the UK where they completed their pre-registration training (91%) compared with those who completed their pre- registration training in other regions. By comparison, a third of those who completed their training in the East of England and the South West moved for work (both 33%), as did 32% from the East Midlands and 31% from London. Figure 332 ranks each region from that with the largest proportion of pharmacists who stayed to the smallest.

Figure 332 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacists by region of pre- registration training Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

No paid Region where did pre- Stayed Moved pharmacy TOTAL Base registration training role* Scotland 91% 6% 3% 100% 142 Wales 74% 21% 6% 100% 58 Yorkshire & Humber 69% 27% 4% 100% 154 North West 67% 21% 11% 100% 189 West Midlands 67% 27% 6% 100% 214 North East 65% 30% 5% 100% 94 South West 61% 33% 5% 100% 84 South East 57% 30% 13% 100% 227 London 56% 31% 13% 100% 321 East Midlands 56% 32% 12% 100% 116 East 55% 33% 12% 100% 159 Northern Ireland *** *** *** *** *** Overall 63% 28% 9% 100% 1,783

*No paid pharmacy role includes those working in non-pharmacy roles, those who are in full-time education, those working overseas, those who were unemployed and those who were not working.

There were no significant differences between males and females. As the base sizes were low for some of the age groups, the older age groups have been combined to create a group of 35+ in Figure 333. As shown, those aged 16-24 were more likely than those aged 25-34

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to have stayed in the region where they completed their pre-registration training for work (69% compared with 61%).

Figure 333 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacists by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Stayed or moved Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35+ Stayed 63% 63% 63% 69% 61% 66% Moved 28% 29% 27% 24% 29% 25% No paid pharmacy role 9% 8% 10% 7% 10% 9% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,783 595 1,187 415 1,273 94

By race/ethnicity, those from a White British background were more likely to have stayed in the same region (76%) for pre-registration and work than those from other races/ethnicities (52% to 62%). Differences by race/ethnicity are summarised in Figure 334.

Figure 334 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas route (1,783)

White White Stayed or moved Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Stayed 63% 76% 57% 62% 61% 54% 52% Moved 28% 20% 32% 15% 28% 38% 36% No paid pharmacy role 9% 4% 11% 23% 11% 8% 11% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 1,783 435 53 33 911 130 74

Figure 335 shows the number of pharmacists who did their pre-registration training in each region, the number who worked in each region, and the net gains and losses within each region. As shown, the South West saw the largest gain by far (33%) and there were also gains in Wales (7%) and Scotland (6%). All other regions saw losses, with the largest seen in the South East (-9%) and in London (-18%).

Figure 335 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from pre-registration training to place of work within region Base: All pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Did pre- Net gain/loss registration Worked in Net gain/loss (% change Region training in region (n) (n) within region (n) region) South West 84 112 28 33% Wales 58 62 4 7% Scotland 142 150 8 6% Yorkshire & Humber 154 151 -3 -2% East 159 144 -15 -9% East Midlands 116 104 -12 -10% North West 189 169 -20 -11% West Midlands 214 189 -25 -12% North East 94 81 -13 -14%

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Did pre- Net gain/loss registration Worked in Net gain/loss (% change Region training in region (n) (n) within region (n) region) London 321 263 -58 -18% South East 227 185 -42 -19% Northern Ireland *** *** *** *** No paid pharmacy role or N/A 172 N/A N/A no fixed place TOTAL BASE 1783 1783 N/A N/A

Figure 336 shows the percentages of pharmacists who did their pre-registration training and who worked in each region as a total of the workforce and the net gains and losses. As shown, the largest gain was the South West (2%) and small gains were seen in Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire & Humber (all <0.5%). Losses were seen elsewhere, with the largest in London (-3%) and the South East (-2%).

Figure 336 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from region of pre-registration training to place of work within the workforce Base: All pharmacists who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,783)

Did pre- Worked in Net gain/loss registration Region region (% of (% of training (% of workforce) workforce) workforce) South West 5% 6% 2% Scotland 8% 8% <0.5% Wales 3% 3% <0.5% Yorkshire & Humber 9% 8% <0.5% East Midlands 7% 6% -1% North East 5% 5% -1% East 9% 8% -1% North West 11% 9% -1% West Midlands 12% 11% -1% Northern Ireland 1% <0.5% -1% South East 13% 10% -2% London 18% 15% -3% No paid pharmacy role or N/A 10% N/A no fixed place Base 1783 1783 N/A

Pharmacy technicians Figure 337 shows regions of the UK ranked by proportion who stayed there for work following their training. As shown, all pharmacy technicians who completed their training in Scotland stayed there and a large proportion also stayed in Yorkshire & Humber (98%). Pharmacy technicians who had completed their training in London and the East of England were most likely to have moved for work (14% and 11% respectively).

Figure 337 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacy technicians by region of pre-registration training

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Base: Pharmacy technicians who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,084)

No paid Region where did Stayed Moved pharmacy TOTAL Base training role* Scotland 100% - - 100% 89 Yorkshire & Humber 98% 2% - 100% 119 North East 96% 4% - 100% 47 South West 95% 4% 1% 100% 74 Wales 91% 7% 2% 100% 47 East Midlands 91% 5% 3% 100% 56 North West 90% 7% 3% 100% 120 East 89% 11% - 100% 76 South East 88% 8% 3% 100% 145 West Midlands 86% 9% 5% 100% 148 London 82% 14% 5% 100% 156 Northern Ireland *** *** *** *** 6 Channel Islands *** *** *** *** 1 Overall 90% 8% 3% 100% 1,084

*No paid pharmacy role includes those working in non-pharmacy roles, those who were in full-time education, those working overseas, those who were unemployed and those who were not working.

A larger proportion of male pharmacy technicians had left their region of training for work (13%) than females (6%), as shown in Figure 338. There were no significant differences by age group.

Figure 338 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,084)

Stayed or Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ moved Stayed 90% 84% 91% 91% 90% 87% 92% 93% - Moved 8% 13% 6% 5% 8% 10% 7% 5% - No paid pharmacy 3% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 1% 2% - role TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% - Base 1,084 201 882 150 544 218 134 38 0

Figure 339 summarises movement amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity. As shown, those from a White British background were more likely to have stayed (93%) than those from other races/ethnicities (81% to 85%). Those from a Black background were most likely to have moved (19%).

Figure 339 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity Base: Pharmacy technicians who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,084)

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White White Stayed or moved Overall Mixed Asian Black Other British other Stayed 90% 93% 83% *** 85% 81% *** Moved 8% 6% 14% *** 10% 19% *** No paid pharmacy 3% 1% 3% *** 6% - *** role TOTAL 100% 100% 100% *** 100% 100% *** Base 1,084 714 42 20 217 44 10

Figure 340 shows the number of pharmacy technicians who did their training, the number who worked in each region, and the net gains and losses within each region. As shown, there was a fairly equal split between regions that saw gains and regions that saw losses. Yorkshire & Humber saw the largest gain (10%) and gains were also seen in Wales (4%), the South West (4%), East Midlands (4%) and Scotland (3%). Losses were seen elsewhere, with the largest in London (-16%).

Figure 340 – Pharmacy technician net gains and losses from training to place of work within region Base: Pharmacy technicians who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,084)

Net gain/loss Did training Worked in Net gain/loss (% change Region in region (n) region (n) (n) within region) Yorkshire & Humber 119 131 12 10% Wales 47 49 2 4% South West 74 77 3 4% East Midlands 56 58 2 4% Scotland 89 92 3 3% East 76 74 -2 -3% North East 47 45 -2 -4% South East 145 138 -7 -5% North West 120 113 -7 -6% West Midlands 148 139 -9 -6% London 156 131 -25 -16% Northern Ireland *** *** *** *** Channel Islands/Isle of Man *** *** *** *** No paid pharmacy role or no N/A 37 N/A N/A fixed place TOTAL BASE 1084 1084 N/A N/A

Figure 341 shows the percentages of pharmacy technicians who did their training and who worked in each region as a total of the workforce and the net gains and losses. As shown, the largest gain was Yorkshire & Humber (1%) and small gains of <0.5% were made in six other regions. London saw the largest loss (-2%) and losses were also seen in the West Midlands (-1%), the South East (-1%) and the North West (-1%).

Figure 341 – Pharmacy technician net gains and losses from region of training to place of work within the workforce Base: Pharmacy technicians who had qualified since 2016 and registered via the UK or overseas (1,084)

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Did training Worked in Net gain/loss Region in region (% region (% of (% of of workforce) workforce) workforce) Yorkshire & Humber 11% 12% 1% South West 7% 7% <0.5% Scotland 8% 8% <0.5% East Midlands 5% 5% <0.5% Wales 4% 5% <0.5% Channel Islands/Isle of Man <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% East 7% 7% <0.5% North East 4% 4% <0.5% Northern Ireland 1% <0.5% -1% North West 11% 10% -1% South East 13% 13% -1% West Midlands 14% 13% -1% London 14% 12% -2% No paid pharmacy role or no N/A 3% N/A fixed place Base 1084 1084 N/A

14.5 Living and working in different places Overall The county in England or area in Scotland or Wales where registrants said they worked was crossmatched with where they said they live to understand whether registrants were living and working in the same county or area or different ones. This analysis was undertaken for all registrants.

More than three quarters of registrants (77%) worked and lived in the same county or area. As shown in Figure 342, this was higher amongst pharmacy technicians (82%) than pharmacists (74%).

Figure 342 – Workplace county/area compared with home county/area by registrant type

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Base: Those who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (16,676)

82% 77% 74%

23% 26% 18%

Same Different

Overall Pharmacist Pharmacy technician

Pharmacists

Figure 343 shows the proportions of pharmacists who lived and worked in the same county or area by their workplace area. The largest proportions where the workplace county or area matched the home location were recorded for Devon (96%), Norfolk (94%), Leicestershire (93%) and West Yorkshire (93%). By comparison, seven in ten of those working in Herefordshire lived in a different county or area (68%), as did 71% in Rhondda Cynon Taf and 70% in Newport. It should be noted that some counties and areas, particularly in Scotland and Wales have been removed from the analysis as the base sizes are low.

Figure 343 – Pharmacists’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by workplace location Base: Pharmacists who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (11,667)

County/area Same Different TOTAL Base England Bedfordshire 57% 43% 100% 111 Berkshire 73% 27% 100% 148 Bristol 88% 12% 100% 191 Buckinghamshire 60% 40% 100% 108 Cambridgeshire 74% 26% 100% 129 Cheshire 74% 26% 100% 233 City of London 58% 42% 100% 571 Cornwall 87% 13% 100% 66 Cumbria 86% 14% 100% 72 Derbyshire 69% 31% 100% 163 Devon 96% 4% 100% 199 Dorset 88% 12% 100% 112 County Durham 80% 20% 100% 151 East Riding of Yorkshire 84% 16% 100% 93

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County/area Same Different TOTAL Base East Sussex 79% 21% 100% 139 Essex 81% 19% 100% 299 Gloucestershire 62% 38% 100% 93 Greater London 75% 25% 100% 1,067 Greater Manchester 81% 19% 100% 515 Hampshire 85% 15% 100% 285 Herefordshire 32% 68% 100% 35 Hertfordshire 57% 43% 100% 244 Isle of Wight *** *** 100% 26 Kent 82% 18% 100% 286 Lancashire 83% 17% 100% 347 Leicestershire 93% 7% 100% 215 Lincolnshire 72% 28% 100% 126 Merseyside 79% 21% 100% 315 Norfolk 94% 6% 100% 155 North Yorkshire 82% 18% 100% 185 Northamptonshire 60% 40% 100% 115 Northumberland 64% 36% 100% 44 Nottinghamshire 80% 20% 100% 232 Oxfordshire 68% 32% 100% 109 Rutland *** *** *** 2 Shropshire 63% 37% 100% 66 Somerset 79% 21% 100% 145 South Yorkshire 77% 23% 100% 244 Staffordshire 62% 38% 100% 144 Suffolk 66% 34% 100% 100 Surrey 71% 29% 100% 311 Tyne and Wear 89% 11% 100% 250 Warwickshire 51% 49% 100% 106 West Midlands 90% 10% 100% 668 West Sussex 68% 32% 100% 126 West Yorkshire 93% 7% 100% 464 Wiltshire 65% 35% 100% 95 Worcestershire 58% 42% 100% 59 Scotland Aberdeen City 66% 34% 100% 59 Aberdeenshire 76% 24% 100% 36 Angus *** *** *** 21 Argyll and Bute *** *** *** 13 Clackmannanshire *** *** *** 3 Dumfries and Galloway 89% 11% 100% 34 Dundee City 53% 47% 100% 46 East Ayrshire *** *** *** 25 East Dunbartonshire *** *** *** 5 East Lothian *** *** *** 12 East Renfrewshire *** *** *** 11 City of Edinburgh 70% 30% 100% 105 Na h-Eileanan Siar *** *** *** 3 Falkirk *** *** *** 27 Fife 53% 47% 100% 81 Glasgow City 54% 46% 100% 235 Highland 92% 8% 100% 54 Inverclyde *** *** *** 14

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County/area Same Different TOTAL Base Midlothian 66% 34% 100% 32 Moray *** *** *** 12 North Ayrshire *** *** *** 26 North Lanarkshire 42% 58% 100% 73 Orkney Islands *** *** *** 5 Perth and Kinross 71% 29% 100% 30 Renfrewshire *** *** *** 26 Scottish Borders *** *** *** 20 Shetland Islands *** *** *** 3 South Ayrshire 62% 38% 100% 33 South Lanarkshire 43% 57% 100% 57 Stirling *** *** *** 19 West Dunbartonshire *** *** *** 15 West Lothian *** *** *** 19 Wales Blaenau Gwent *** *** *** 16 Bridgend 59% 41% 100% 29 Caerphilly *** *** *** 17 Cardiff 76% 24% 100% 106 Carmarthenshire *** *** *** 24 Ceredigion *** *** *** 15 Conwy *** *** *** 20 Denbighshire *** *** *** 26 Flintshire *** *** *** 14 Gwynedd *** *** *** 23 Isle of Anglesey *** *** *** 7 Merthyr Tydfil *** *** *** 9 Monmouthshire *** *** *** 10 Neath Port Talbot *** *** *** 16 Newport 30% 70% 100% 35 Pembrokeshire *** *** *** 17 Powys *** *** *** 16 Rhondda Cynon Taf 29% 71% 100% 49 Swansea 61% 39% 100% 51 Torfaen *** *** *** 7 Vale of Glamorgan *** *** *** 13 Wrexham 56% 44% 100% 32

Amongst pharmacists, there was little difference in movement by sex and age, as shown in Figure 344.

Figure 344 – Pharmacists’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by sex and age Base: Pharmacists who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (11,667)

Same or Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ different Same 74% 73% 75% 75% 75% 74% 73% 73% 76% Different 26% 27% 25% 25% 25% 26% 27% 27% 24% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 11,667 4,409 7,254 372 4,336 3,205 2,121 1,351 281

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By main job location, those living in Wales and Scotland more commonly worked and lived in different counties or areas (48% and 41% respectively) than those living in England (23%) and London (31%). Differences by location are shown in Figure 345.

Figure 345 – Pharmacists’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by main job location Base: Pharmacists who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (11,667)

England (inc. Same or different Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Same 74% 77% 59% 52% 69% Different 26% 23% 41% 48% 31% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 11,667 9,961 1,153 553 1,638

Pharmacy technicians

Figure 346 shows the proportions who lived and worked in the same county or area by their workplace location. As shown, all those working in Cornwall lived in the same county, as did large proportions working in Devon (97%) and Lincolnshire (95%). By comparison, more than half of those working in the City of London lived in a different county or area (53%), as did 44% of those living in Glasgow City.

It should be noted that some counties and areas, particularly in Scotland and Wales have been removed from the analysis as the base sizes are low.

Figure 346 – Pharmacy technicians’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by workplace location Base: Pharmacy technicians who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (5,009)

County/area Same Different TOTAL Base England Bedfordshire 79% 21% 100% 32 Berkshire 71% 29% 100% 39 Bristol 81% 19% 100% 65 Buckinghamshire 84% 16% 100% 44 Cambridgeshire 81% 19% 100% 51 Cheshire 77% 23% 100% 114 City of London 47% 53% 100% 199 Cornwall 100% - 100% 34 Cumbria 94% 6% 100% 40 Derbyshire 79% 21% 100% 85 Devon 97% 3% 100% 94 Dorset 93% 7% 100% 69

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County/area Same Different TOTAL Base County Durham 93% 7% 100% 74 East Riding of Yorkshire 94% 6% 100% 55 East Sussex 86% 14% 100% 68 Essex 87% 13% 100% 135 Gloucestershire 93% 7% 100% 34 Greater London 70% 30% 100% 273 Greater Manchester 79% 21% 100% 178 Hampshire 94% 6% 100% 155 Herefordshire *** *** *** 13 Hertfordshire 77% 23% 100% 41 Isle of Wight *** *** *** 13 Kent 94% 6% 100% 116 Lancashire 87% 13% 100% 164 Leicestershire 94% 6% 100% 69 Lincolnshire 95% 5% 100% 94 Merseyside 90% 10% 100% 138 Norfolk 87% 13% 100% 70 North Yorkshire 88% 12% 100% 89 Northamptonshire 85% 15% 100% 48 Northumberland 81% 19% 100% 34 Nottinghamshire 75% 25% 100% 128 Oxfordshire 83% 17% 100% 43 Rutland *** *** *** 3 Shropshire *** *** *** 28 Somerset 92% 8% 100% 64 South Yorkshire 92% 8% 100% 134 Staffordshire 88% 12% 100% 85 Suffolk 88% 12% 100% 61 Surrey 67% 33% 100% 83 Tyne and Wear 85% 15% 100% 119 Warwickshire 65% 35% 100% 34 West Midlands 88% 12% 100% 288 West Sussex 85% 15% 100% 58 West Yorkshire 92% 8% 100% 200 Wiltshire 90% 10% 100% 49 Worcestershire *** *** *** 25 Scotland Aberdeen City *** *** *** 22 Aberdeenshire *** *** *** 11 Angus *** *** *** 7 Argyll and Bute *** *** *** 5 Clackmannanshire *** *** *** 3 Dumfries and Galloway *** *** *** 22 Dundee City 74% 26% 100% 34 East Ayrshire *** *** *** 11 East Dunbartonshire *** *** *** 8 East Lothian *** *** *** 12 East Renfrewshire *** *** *** 7 City of Edinburgh 59% 41% 100% 49 Na h-Eileanan Siar *** *** *** 3 Falkirk *** *** *** 22 Fife 87% 13% 100% 38 Glasgow City 56% 44% 100% 93

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County/area Same Different TOTAL Base Highland *** *** *** 22 Inverclyde *** *** *** 8 Midlothian *** *** *** 12 Moray *** *** *** 6 North Ayrshire *** *** *** 11 North Lanarkshire 68% 32% 100% 37 Orkney Islands - - - - Perth and Kinross *** *** *** 20 Renfrewshire *** *** *** 17 Scottish Borders *** *** *** 15 Shetland Islands *** *** *** 4 South Ayrshire *** *** *** 13 South Lanarkshire *** *** *** 24 Stirling *** *** *** 8 West Dunbartonshire *** *** *** 13 West Lothian *** *** *** 10 Wales Blaenau Gwent *** *** *** 6 Bridgend *** *** *** 17 Caerphilly *** *** *** 11 Cardiff 70% 30% 100% 47 Carmarthenshire *** *** *** 17 Ceredigion *** *** *** 9 Conwy *** *** *** 6 Denbighshire *** *** *** 16 Flintshire *** *** *** 9 Gwynedd *** *** *** 16 Isle of Anglesey *** *** *** 2 Merthyr Tydfil *** *** *** 6 Monmouthshire *** *** *** 11 Neath Port Talbot *** *** *** 5 Newport *** *** *** 26 Pembrokeshire *** *** *** 9 Powys *** *** *** 11 Rhondda Cynon Taf *** *** *** 17 Swansea 75% 25% 100% 32 Torfaen *** *** *** 7 Vale of Glamorgan *** *** *** 9 Wrexham *** *** *** 23

Male pharmacy technicians more commonly lived and worked in a different county or area than females (27% compared with 17%), as shown in Figure 347. There no significant differences between age groups.

Figure 347 – Pharmacy technicians’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by sex and age Base: Pharmacy technicians who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (5,009)

Same or Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ different Same 82% 73% 83% 86% 81% 80% 82% 83% 82% Different 18% 27% 17% 14% 19% 20% 18% 17% 18%

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Same or Overall Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ different TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,009 608 4,400 156 1,268 1,346 1,420 776 44

By main job location, pharmacy technicians living in London were most likely to live and work in a different county or area (40%), as shown in Figure 348.

Figure 348 – Pharmacy technicians’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by main job location Base: Pharmacy technicians who had at least one pharmacy related job in Great Britain and specified their home and work locations (5,009)

England (inc. Same or different Overall Scotland Wales London only London) Same 82% 84% 73% 69% 60% Different 18% 16% 27% 31% 40% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Base 5,009 4,132 565 312 473

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15. Equality and diversity information

15.1 Sex and age Figure 349 summarises the breakdown by sex and age of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who took part in the survey. This was self-reported by registrants and the figures are based on the weighted survey data. As shown, the majority of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were female (62% and 88% respectively). The largest age group amongst pharmacists was 25-34 (38%), whereas pharmacy technicians were more likely to be older, with the most common age group being 45-54 (28%), closely followed by 35-44 (27%).

Figure 349 – Sex and age by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394)

Pharmacy Characteristic Overall Pharmacists technicians Sex Male 31% 38% 12% Female 69% 62% 88% Other <0.5% <0.5% - Prefer not to say <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258 Age group 16-24 3% 3% 3% 25-34 34% 38% 25% 35-44 27% 27% 27% 45-54 21% 18% 28% 55-64 13% 12% 16% 65+ 2% 3% 1% Prefer not to say <0.5% <0.5% - TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

15.2 Disability Registrants were asked if they considered themselves to be disabled. Those who did were then asked to identify whether this was a physical impairment, a mental impairment or something else. Responses to these questions are summarised in Figure 350. As can be seen, only small proportions considered themselves to be disabled (1% of pharmacists and 2% of pharmacy technicians). The most common type of impairment across both registrant groups was physical impairment (54% and 59% of those with a disability).

Figure 350 – Disability by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394); Those who were disabled (299)

Pharmacy Characteristic Overall Pharmacists technicians Whether disabled or not Yes 2% 1% 2% No 97% 97% 96% Prefer not to say 2% 2% 2%

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Pharmacy Characteristic Overall Pharmacists technicians TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258 Type of disability Physical impairment 56% 54% 59% Mental impairment 17% 20% 12% Other 25% 22% 31% Prefer not to say 7% 8% 6% Base 299 189 109

15.3 Religion Registrants were asked to identify their religion, if any, from a list. Figure 351 summarises the responses. A third of pharmacists (34%) considered themselves to be Christian, which was the largest group. A larger proportion of pharmacy technicians reported they were (44%) than pharmacists (34%). Muslim was the second most common religion (13% overall), with a larger proportion of pharmacists identifying as Muslim (16%) than pharmacy technicians (6%).

Figure 351 – Religion overall and by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394)

Pharmacy Religion Overall Pharmacists technicians None 27% 23% 37% Buddhist 1% 2% 1% Christian 37% 34% 44% Hindu 9% 11% 5% Jewish 1% 1% 0% Muslim 13% 16% 6% Sikh 3% 4% 1% Other religion 1% 1% 1% Prefer not to say 7% 9% 5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

15.4 Race/ethnicity Registrants were asked to indicate their race/ethnicity, choosing from a list. Figure 352 shows the responses from the question. Four in ten pharmacists identified as White British (39%), as did 76% of pharmacy technicians. The next largest group was Asian or Asian British – Indian (16%); this was higher amongst pharmacists (19%) than pharmacy technicians (8%).

Figure 352 – Race/ethnicity overall and by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394)

Pharmacy Race/ethnicity Overall Pharmacists technicians White - British 49% 39% 76% White - Irish 1% 1% 1% White - Gypsy or Irish Traveller <0.5% <0.5% <0.5%

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Pharmacy Race/ethnicity Overall Pharmacists technicians White - Other White background 5% 6% 2% Black or Black British - Black Caribbean <0.5% <0.5% 1% Black or Black British - Black African 5% 6% 2% Black or Black British - Other Black <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% background Mixed - White and Black Caribbean <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Mixed - White and Black African <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Mixed - White and Asian <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Mixed - Other mixed background <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Asian or Asian British - Indian 16% 19% 8% Asian or Asian British - Pakistani 6% 8% 3% Asian or Asian British - Bangladeshi 1% 1% 1% Asian or Asian British - Chinese 4% 5% 0% Asian or Asian British - Other Asian 2% 3% 2% background Arab 1% 1% <0.5% Other 1% 1% <0.5% Prefer not to say 8% 9% 3% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

15.5 Gender identity The questionnaire asked registrants if their gender identity matched their sex at birth. As shown in Figure 353, 99% of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians said it did.

Figure 353 – Gender identity overall and by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394)

Gender identity matches sex Pharmacy Overall Pharmacists at birth technicians Yes 99% 99% 99% No <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Prefer not to say 1% 1% 1% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

15.6 Sexual orientation Registrants were asked to identify their sexual orientation, choosing from a list. As indicated in Figure 354, nine in ten pharmacists and pharmacy technicians indicated they were heterosexual or straight (91% and 92% respectively).

Figure 354 – Sexual orientation by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394)

Pharmacy Sexual orientation Overall Pharmacists technicians Heterosexual / straight 91% 91% 92% Gay woman / lesbian <0.5% <0.5% 1% Gay man 2% 2% 1% Bisexual 1% 1% 1%

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Pharmacy Sexual orientation Overall Pharmacists technicians Other 0% 0% <0.5% Prefer not to say 6% 6% 5% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

15.7 Maternity, paternity, adoption and shared parental leave Finally, registrants were shown a list that included maternity leave, paternity leave, shared parental leave and adoption leave and asked if they had taken any of these types of leave in the last 12 months. The majority of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians had not taken any of these types of leave (88% and 92% respectively), as shown in Figure 355. Statutory maternity leave was the most common type of leave taken by both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (both 5%).

Figure 355 – Leave in the last 12 months overall and by registrant type Base: All respondents (18,394); Pharmacists (13,136)

Pharmacy Leave in the last 12 months Overall Pharmacists technicians Maternity leave – statutory 5% 5% 5% Maternity leave – extended 2% 2% 1% Paternity leave 2% 2% 1% Shared parental leave <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% Adoption leave <0.5% <0.5% <0.5% None 89% 88% 92% Prefer not to say 3% 3% 2% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Base 18,394 13,136 5,258

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16. Location summaries

16.1 England (including London) Response rate • Amongst pharmacists a response rate of 21.0% was achieved, whilst amongst pharmacy technicians the response rate was 24.6%.

Registration with the GPhC • Eighty-eight per cent of pharmacists and 39% of pharmacy technicians had registered with the GPhC via the UK route. Five per cent of pharmacists and 1% of pharmacy technicians had registered via the EEA. A further 7% of pharmacists had registered via overseas. Four in ten pharmacy technicians had grandparented via the UK (39%) and 2% had grandparented overseas.

Working status • Two per cent of pharmacists and the same proportion of pharmacy technicians had not worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months. • Nine in ten pharmacists (91%) and 93% of pharmacy technicians currently worked in a pharmacy related role. • Three per cent of pharmacists said they were currently temporarily away from work, 1% were not employed and looking for work and 1% were not employed and not looking for work. Three per cent of pharmacy technicians were also temporarily away from work. Very small proportions of pharmacy technicians were not employed but looking for work (<0.5%) or not employed and not looking for work (<0.5%). • Half of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians had caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals (both 49%). • A third of pharmacists (33%) and 19% of pharmacy technicians were not satisfied with their work-life balance.

Current pharmacy related jobs • Eight in ten pharmacists held one pharmacy related job (79%), 12% held two and 2% held three. • Nine in ten pharmacy technicians held one pharmacy job (92%) and a further 4% held two. • The most common setting in which pharmacists worked in their main job was a community setting (62%), followed by secondary care (22%) and primary care (9%). • More than a third of pharmacists worked in a large multiple chain in community pharmacy (36%) and 23% worked for an independent pharmacy. • The most common main job setting for pharmacy technicians was also community pharmacy (43%), but this was followed very closely by secondary care (42%) and a further 8% worked in primary care. • Less than a quarter of pharmacy technicians worked in large multiple chains (23%), 12% worked in independent pharmacies and 8% in small to medium chains. • Pharmacists worked 36.1 hours on average in a typical week in their main job and 38.6 hours on average across all pharmacy jobs. • Pharmacy technicians in a typical week worked 33.4 hours on average in their main job and 34.3 across all pharmacy jobs.

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• More than three quarters of pharmacists worked full-time (77%) and 23% worked part- time hours in a typical week in their main job. A similar proportion of pharmacy technicians worked full-time (75%) and 25% part-time. • Three-quarters of pharmacists classified themselves as employees in their main job (75%), 15% as locums, 6% as business owners and 4% as self-employed freelancers or contractors. • Ninety-seven per cent of pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job, 2% locums and 1% self-employed freelancers or contractors. • Seven in ten pharmacists said they were patient facing in their main job all or most of the time (70%) and 53% of pharmacy technicians said they were. • Six in ten pharmacists were satisfied in their main job (60%) and a quarter (23%) were dissatisfied. By contrast, 74% of pharmacy technicians were satisfied and only 12% were dissatisfied.

Prescribers • Amongst pharmacists, 15% were independent prescribers only and 1% were both independent and supplementary prescribers. Over eight in ten (84%) pharmacists did not have a prescribing annotation. • Eight in ten prescribers had prescribed at some point (79%) and nine in ten of these had done so in the last 12 months (90%). • Prescribers were more likely to have prescribed in a secondary care setting (49%), closely followed by primary care (48%). Only 7% had prescribed in a community pharmacy setting. • The most common area for prescribing was medicines optimisation and reviews (54%), followed by hypertension (44%), pain management (43%), discharge medication (43%) and chronic/long-term conditions (43%). • A quarter of prescribers said they saw 50 or more patients per week (25%) and a fifth saw five patients or fewer (18%). • The majority spent 30% or less of their time prescribing (61%), 26% spent between 31% and 70% of their time and only 15% spent more than 70% of their time prescribing.

Additional qualifications and registrations • Four in ten pharmacists held a postgraduate level additional qualification (41%) and 27% a graduate level qualification. Four in ten said they did not have any additional qualifications (40%). • Over half of pharmacy technicians held an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician further education qualification (52%). • Three in ten pharmacists (30%) and 33% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years. • Ninety-four per cent of pharmacists and 98% of pharmacy technicians were registered with the GPhC only and no other regulators.

Future plans • Ninety-four per cent of pharmacists and 93% of pharmacy technicians were intending to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was due for renewal. • Eighty-three per cent of pharmacists said they were intending to continue practising in the next three years. A further 15% were undecided and 2% said they did not intend to. • Eighty-five per cent of pharmacy technicians intended to continue practising in the next three years, while 14% were undecided and 1% did not intend to.

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• Four in ten pharmacists said they intended to change their workplace setting in the next three years (40%) and 45% said they intended to change their role. A further 32% intended to decrease their hours in the next three years and 24% to move location. • A third of pharmacy technicians said they intended to change their role in the next three years (34%) and three in ten (31%) intended to change their workplace setting. A further 21% intended to decrease their hours and 19% to move location.

16.2 Scotland Response rate • Amongst pharmacists a response rate of 26.8% was achieved, whilst amongst pharmacy technicians the response rate was 33.1%.

Registration with the GPhC • Ninety-six per cent of pharmacists and 30% of pharmacy technicians had registered with the GPhC via the UK route. Two per cent of pharmacists and <0.5% of pharmacy technicians had registered with the GPhC via the EEA. A further 2% of pharmacists had registered via overseas. Seven in ten pharmacy technicians had grandparented to the register via the UK (70%) and no pharmacy technicians had grandparented overseas.

Working status • One per cent of pharmacists and the same proportion of pharmacy technicians had not worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months. • Ninety-four per cent of pharmacists and 97% of pharmacy technicians currently worked in a pharmacy related role. • Four per cent of pharmacists said they were currently temporarily away from work compared with1% of pharmacy technicians. Very small proportions of pharmacy technicians were not employed but looking for work (<0.5%) and not employed and not looking for work (1%). • Just under half of pharmacists (47%) and 45% of pharmacy technicians had caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals. • A quarter of pharmacists (26%) and 16% of pharmacy technicians were not satisfied with their work-life balance.

Current pharmacy related jobs • Eighty-four per cent of pharmacists held one pharmacy related job, 11% held two and 1% held three. • Ninety-five per cent of pharmacy technicians held one pharmacy job and a further 3% held two. • The most common setting in which pharmacists worked in their main job was a community setting (55%), followed by secondary care (21%) and primary care (20%). • Three in ten pharmacists worked in a large multiple chain in community pharmacy (31%) and 17% worked for an independent pharmacy. • The most common main job setting for pharmacy technicians was also community pharmacy (49%), followed by secondary care (35%) and 13% worked in primary care. • Over a quarter of pharmacy technicians were working in large multiple chains (27%), 14% in independent pharmacies and 9% in small to medium chains. • Pharmacists worked 34.3 hours on average in a typical week in their main job and 35.7 hours on average across all pharmacy jobs.

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• Pharmacy technicians in a typical week worked 33.4 hours on average in their main job and 34.1 across all pharmacy jobs. • Three quarters of pharmacists worked full-time (75%) and 25% worked part-time hours in a typical week in their main job. By contrast, 79% of pharmacy technicians worked full-time and 21% part-time. • Eighty-eight per cent of pharmacists classified themselves as employees in their main job, 8% as locums, 3% as business owners and 1% as self-employed freelancers or contractors. • 100% of pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job. • Six in ten pharmacists said they were patient facing in their main job all or most of the time (63%) and 52% of pharmacy technicians said they were. • Seven in ten pharmacists were satisfied in their main job (69%) and 19% were dissatisfied. By contrast, 75% of pharmacy technicians were satisfied and only 11% were dissatisfied.

Prescribers • Amongst pharmacists, 25% were independent prescribers, 2% were supplementary prescribers and 3% were both independent and supplementary prescribers. Seven in ten pharmacists did not have a prescribing annotation (69%). • Eighty-seven per cent of prescribers had prescribed at some point and 88% of these had done so in the last 12 months. • Prescribers were more likely to have prescribed in a primary care setting (49%), followed by secondary care (44%). Only 14% had prescribed in a community pharmacy setting. • The most common area for prescribing was medicines optimisation and reviews (47%), closely followed by pain management (46%) and 39% had prescribed in discharge medication. • A quarter of prescribers said they saw five patients or fewer in a week (25%) and a further 21% saw between six and ten patients. By contrast, only 12% saw 50 or more patients per week. • The majority of prescribers spent 30% or less of their time prescribing (71%), 21% spent between 31% and 70% of their time and 8% spent more than 70%.

Additional qualifications and registrations • Thirty-eight per cent of pharmacists held a postgraduate level additional qualification and 26% a graduate level qualification. A further 47% said they did not have any additional qualifications. • Over half of pharmacy technicians held an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician further education qualification (54%). • A fifth of pharmacists and 30% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years (20%). • Ninety-seven per cent of pharmacists and 99% of pharmacy technicians were registered with the GPhC only and no other regulators.

Future plans • Ninety-six per cent of pharmacists and 97% of pharmacy technicians were intending to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was due for renewal. • Eighty-eight per cent of pharmacists said they were intending to continue practising in the next three years. A further 11% were undecided and 1% said they did not intend to.

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• Nine in ten pharmacy technicians intended to continue practising in the next three years (91%), while 8% were undecided and 1% did not intend to. • Over a quarter of pharmacists said they intended to change their workplace setting in the next three years (27%) and 32% said they intended to change their role. A further 28% intended to decrease their hours in the next three years and 19% to move location. • Three in ten pharmacy technicians said they intended to change their role in the next three years (31%) and 26% intended to change their workplace setting. A further 15% intended to decrease their hours and 18% to move location.

16.3 Wales Response rate • Amongst pharmacists a response rate of 24.7% was achieved, whilst amongst pharmacy technicians the response rate was 24.0%.

Registration with the GPhC • Ninety-four per cent of pharmacists and 35% of pharmacy technicians had registered with the GPhC via the UK route. Three per cent of pharmacists had registered with the GPhC via the EEA and a further 3% had registered via overseas. Sixty-four per cent of pharmacy technicians had granparented via the UK and 1% had grandparented overseas.

Working status • One per cent of pharmacists and 2% of pharmacy technicians had not worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months. • Nine in ten pharmacists (92%) and 94% of pharmacy technicians currently worked in a pharmacy related role. • Four per cent of pharmacists said they were currently temporarily away from work, and 1% were not employed and not looking for work. Three per cent of pharmacy technicians were also temporarily away from work. Very small proportions of pharmacy technicians were not employed but looking for work (<0.5%) or not employed and not looking for work (<0.5%). • Over half of pharmacists (52%) and 49% of pharmacy technicians had caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals. • A third of pharmacists (32%) and 16% of pharmacy technicians were not satisfied with their work-life balance.

Current pharmacy related jobs • Eighty-three per cent of pharmacists had one pharmacy related job, 10% held two and 2% held three. • Ninety-five per cent of pharmacy technicians held one pharmacy job and a further 2% held two. • The most common setting in which pharmacists worked in their main job was a community setting (64%), followed by secondary care (21%) and primary care (12%). • Four in ten pharmacists worked in a large multiple chain in community pharmacy (39%) and 20% worked for an independent pharmacy. • The most common main job setting for pharmacy technicians was also community pharmacy (56%). A further 32% worked in secondary care and 10% worked in primary care.

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• Thirty-one per cent of pharmacy technicians worked in a large multiple chain, 13% in independent pharmacies and 11% in small to medium chains. • Pharmacists worked 34.8 hours on average in a typical week in their main job and 36.6 hours on average across all pharmacy jobs. • Pharmacy technicians in a typical week worked 32.1 hours on average in their main job and 32.7 across all pharmacy jobs. • More than three quarters of pharmacists worked full-time (76%) and 24% worked part- time hours in a typical week in their main job. By contrast, 71% of pharmacy technicians worked full-time and 29% part-time. • Eight in ten pharmacists classified themselves as employees in their main job (81%), 12% as locums, 6% as business owners and 1% as self-employed freelancers or contractors. • Ninety-nine per cent of pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job and 1% locums. • Seven in ten pharmacists said they were patient facing in their main job all or most of the time (72%) and 62% of pharmacy technicians said they were. • Six in ten pharmacists were satisfied in their main job (60%) and a quarter said they were dissatisfied (23%). By contrast, 78% of pharmacy technicians were satisfied and only 9% were dissatisfied.

Prescribers • Amongst pharmacists, 17% were independent prescribers, 1% were supplementary prescribers, and 1% were both independent and supplementary prescribers. Eight in ten (81%) pharmacists did not have a prescribing annotation. • Eighty-four per cent of prescribers had prescribed at some point and 86% of these had done so in the last 12 months. • Prescribers were more likely to have prescribed in a secondary care setting (51%), closely followed by primary care (50%). Only 5% had prescribed in a community pharmacy setting. • The most common area for prescribing was anti-coagulation (42%), followed by pain management (40%) and medicines optimisation and reviews (39%). • Only 15% of prescribers said they saw 50 or more patients per week and 16% saw five patients or fewer. • The majority of prescribers spent 30% or less of their time prescribing (62%), 27% spent between 31% and 70% and 11% spent more than 70%.

Additional qualifications and registrations • Four in ten pharmacists held a postgraduate level additional qualification (41%) and 29% a graduate level qualification. A further 38% said they did not have any additional qualifications. • Fifty-seven per cent of pharmacy technicians held an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician further education qualification. • Just under a quarter of pharmacists (23%) and 30% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years. • Ninety-six per cent of pharmacists and 97% of pharmacy technicians were registered with the GPhC only and no other regulators.

Future plans • Ninety-three per cent of pharmacists and 95% of pharmacy technicians were intending to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was due for renewal.

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• Eighty-five per cent of pharmacists said they were intending to continue practising in the next three years. A further 15% were undecided and 1% said they did not intend to. • Eighty-eight per cent of pharmacy technicians intended to continue practising in the next three years, while 12% were undecided. • Three in ten pharmacists said they intended to change their workplace setting in the next three years (31%) and 39% said they intended to change their role. A further 33% intended to decrease their hours in the next three years and 19% to move location. • A quarter of pharmacy technicians said they intended to change their role in the next three years (24%) and 22% intended to change their workplace setting. A further 19% intended to decrease their hours and 14% to move location.

16.4 London only Response rate • Amongst pharmacists a response rate of 13.4% was achieved, whilst amongst pharmacy technicians the response rate was 17.2%.

Registration with the GPhC • Eighty-seven per cent of pharmacists and 48% of pharmacy technicians registered with the GPhC via the UK route. Five per cent of pharmacists had registered with the GPhC via the EEA. A further 8% of pharmacists had registered via overseas. Four in ten pharmacy technicians had grandparented via the UK (41%), 10% had grandparented overseas and 1% had registered via the EEA.

Working status • Three per cent of pharmacists and 6% of pharmacy technicians had not worked in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months. • Nine in ten pharmacists (88%) and 92% of pharmacy technicians currently worked in a pharmacy related role. • Three per cent of pharmacists said they were currently temporarily away from work, 2% were not employed and looking for work, and 1% were not employed and not looking for work. Three per cent of pharmacy technicians were also temporarily away from work. Very small proportions of pharmacy technicians were not employed and looking for work (1%) or not employed but not looking for work (<0.5%). • Forty-five per cent of pharmacists and 52% of pharmacy technicians had caring responsibilities for children, family members or other individuals. • A third of pharmacists (35%) and 20% of pharmacy technicians were not satisfied with their work-life balance.

Current pharmacy related jobs • Three quarters of pharmacists held one pharmacy related job (75%), 12% held two and 3% held three. • Eighty-seven per cent of pharmacy technicians held one pharmacy job and a further 6% held two. • The most common setting in which pharmacists worked in their main job was a community setting (53%), followed by secondary care (29%) and primary care (8%). • A quarter of pharmacists worked in a large multiple chain in community pharmacy (23%) and 30% worked for an independent pharmacy.

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• The most common main job setting for pharmacy technicians was secondary care (55%) followed by community pharmacy (33%). A further 6% worked in primary care. • Thirteen per cent of pharmacy technicians worked in large multiple chains, 16% in independent pharmacies and 5% in small to medium chains. • Pharmacists worked 37.5 hours on average in a typical week in their main job and 40.7 hours on average across all pharmacy jobs. • Pharmacy technicians in a typical week worked 35.7 hours on average in their main job and 37.8 across all pharmacy jobs. • Eight in ten pharmacists worked full-time (80%) and 20% worked part-time hours in a typical week in their main job. By contrast, 87% of pharmacy technicians worked full- time and 13% part-time. • Seven in ten pharmacists classified themselves as employees in their main job (69%), 16% as locums, 9% as business owners and 6% as self-employed freelancers or contractors. • Ninety-four per cent of pharmacy technicians said they were employees in their main job and 5% as locums. • Two thirds of pharmacists said they were patient facing in their main job all or most of the time (67%) and 56% of pharmacy technicians said they were. • Fifty-seven per cent of pharmacists were satisfied in their main job and 24% were dissatisfied. By contrast, 71% of pharmacy technicians were satisfied and only 10% were dissatisfied.

Prescribers • Amongst pharmacists, 14% were independent prescribers only and 1% were both independent and supplementary prescribers. Eighty-four per cent of pharmacists did not have a prescribing annotation. • Three quarters of prescribers had prescribed at some point (73%) and 88% of these had done so in the last 12 months. • Prescribers were more likely to have prescribed in a secondary care setting (48%), closely followed by primary care (45%). Only 13% had prescribed in a community pharmacy setting. • The most common area for prescribing was medicines optimisation and reviews (43%), followed by hypertension (41%) and chronic/long-term conditions (41%). • A fifth of prescribers said they saw 50 or more patients per week (21%) and 23% saw five patients or fewer. • Sixty-three per cent of prescribers spent 30% or less of their time prescribing, 24% spent 31% to 70% and 13% spent more than 70%.

Additional qualifications and registrations • Four in ten pharmacists held a postgraduate level additional qualification (39%) and 27% a graduate level qualification. A further 40% said they did not have any additional qualifications. • Four in ten pharmacy technicians held an Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician further education qualification (42%). • Over a third of pharmacists (35%) and 46% of pharmacy technicians said they intended to undertake further qualifications in the next three years. • Ninety-three per cent of pharmacists and the same proportion of pharmacy technicians were registered with the GPhC only and no other regulators (93%).

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Future plans • Ninety-four per cent of pharmacists and the same proportion of pharmacy technicians were intending to renew their registration with the GPhC next time it was due for renewal. • Eight in ten pharmacists said they were intending to continue practising in the next three years (80%). A further 18% were undecided and 3% said they did not intend to. • Eighty-five per cent of pharmacy technicians intended to continue practising in the next three years, while 14% were undecided and 1% did not intend to. • Almost half of pharmacists said they intended to change their workplace setting in the next three years (46%) and 51% said they intended to change their role. A further 32% intended to decrease their hours in the next three years and 28% to move location. • Forty-four per cent of pharmacy technicians said they intended to change their role in the next three years and 40% intended to change their workplace setting. A further 16% intended to decrease their hours and 31% to move location.

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17. Glossary

The terms below have been commonly used in this report and they have the following definitions:

• Route to register – Both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were asked which route to registration applied to them. Pharmacists can apply to register with the GPhC as a pharmacist if they:

• have a UK-recognised pharmacist qualification • are a European Economic Area (EEA) national with an EEA pharmacist qualification • are an overseas (non-EEA) qualified pharmacist, or a non-EEA national with an EEA pharmacist qualification (other than a UK pharmacist qualification).

Pharmacy technicians can apply to register if they have:

• trained in the UK • trained or were previously registered as a pharmacy technician in a country in the European Economic Area (EEA) • trained or been registered as a pharmacy technician in a country outside the EEA and completed additional qualifications in the UK needed to register

Pharmacy technicians who had already qualified in the UK or overseas (non-EEA countries) before mandatory registration was introduced in 2011 were transitionally grandparented on to the register. This enabled them to register with the GPhC without needing to complete further qualifications or work experience. Grandparenting did not apply to EEA pharmacy technicians who could apply through the EEA route to the register.

• Main job, second job and third job – Registrants were asked to give details about up to three paid pharmacy positions they held in Great Britain. If they had more than one job, they were asked to start with the one they considered to be their main job. These are referred to in this report as ‘main job’. Once registrants had provided details about their main job, they were asked to provide some information about their second and third jobs. These are referred to as ‘second job’ and ‘third job’.

• Settings – Registrants were asked about settings in which they had practised in the last 12 months, in their current jobs and as prescribers. Registrants were able to select from a list of broad settings that covered the following settings:

• Community pharmacy (including online only pharmacy) • Primary care (other than community pharmacy) • Secondary Care (including hospital pharmacy) • Prison pharmacy • Healthcare commissioning organisation (e.g. CCG or CSU) • Research, education or training • Pharmaceutical industry • Armed forces

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Follow-up lists of settings were then shown for primary care pharmacy, community pharmacy and secondary care pharmacy to further identify the settings worked in or prescribed in.

In some cases, analyses in the report are presented for some of these larger categories (i.e. community pharmacy, primary care pharmacy and secondary care pharmacy) and some of the less common settings have been grouped together as ‘other settings’.

• Locations – Registrants were asked to identify where they lived and where their main job location was, firstly choosing from a list of countries in Great Britain and then a list of counties of England or areas in Scotland and Wales. Registrants were also able to say that they worked or lived outside of Great Britain. Location analysis is mainly undertaken at a country level (i.e. England, Scotland and Wales), with London presented as a separate category. However, registrants in London have also been included within England.

• Non-pharmacy job – Registrants were asked if they held a paid non-pharmacy role that was full-time or part-time in Great Britain. There was also the option in the current working status question in the questionnaire to say that they were ‘working in a paid non-pharmacy role in Great Britain (full-time or part-time)’.

• Patient facing – Registrants were asked if their main job was a ‘patient facing role’. This was defined as ‘roles delivering care and services directly to individual patients or members of the public (including technology enabled care)’. Registrants have been defined in the analysis as those who said their role was patient facing as least occasionally.

• Community pharmacy – This report defines those who said they work within a community pharmacy setting, either in their main job or in any of their jobs, where appropriate.

• Secondary care pharmacy – This report defines those who said they work within a secondary care pharmacy setting, either in their main job or in any of their jobs, where appropriate.

• Primary care pharmacy – This report defines those who said they work within a primary care pharmacy setting, either in their main job or in any of their jobs, where appropriate.

• Locums – This report defines as locums those who say they work as a locum, either in their main job or in any of their jobs, as appropriate. As the number of pharmacy technicians who were locums was very small, the report tends to focus on locum pharmacists only.

• Portfolio workers – This report defines as portfolio workers those who work in more than one broad setting (e.g. community pharmacy and secondary care pharmacy), either in their main job or in any of their jobs, as appropriate.

• Prescribers – Pharmacists who said they were annotated on the GPhC register as an independent prescriber, supplementary prescriber or both independent and supplementary are referred to as ‘prescribers’ in this report.

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• Independent pharmacy – Defined as an independent pharmacy or chain with 1-5 pharmacies.

• Small to medium chain – Defined as a small to medium multiple pharmacy chain with 6-100 pharmacies.

• Large multiple chain – Defined as a large multiple pharmacy chain with over 100 pharmacies.

• Full-time and part-time working – Full-time has been defined as working more than 30 hours in a week and part-time as working fewer than 30 hours.

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18. Acknowledgments

Enventure Research would like to thank Jenny Clapham, Hanna Squire, Becky Bellars, Carole Gorman, and My Phan from the General Pharmaceutical Council for their help, cooperation and support during this project, and to express gratitude to everyone who took part in the survey.

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19. List of figures

Figure 1 – Overall profile of GPhC registrants ...... 13 Figure 2 – Profile of pharmacists on the GPhC register ...... 14 Figure 3 – Profile of pharmacy technicians on the GPhC register ...... 15 Figure 4 – Response rate by registrant type and prescribing status ...... 17 Figure 5 – Response rate by sex and age ...... 17 Figure 6 – Response rate by home location ...... 18 Figure 7 – Weighted respondent profile ...... 18 Figure 8 – Pharmacists’ year of registration by sex and age ...... 20 Figure 9 – Pharmacists’ year of registration by race/ethnicity ...... 21 Figure 10 – Pharmacy technicians’ year of registration by sex and age ...... 21 Figure 11 – Pharmacy technicians’ year of registration by race/ethnicity ...... 22 Figure 12 – Route to register for pharmacists by year of registration ...... 22 Figure 13 – Route to register for pharmacists by home location ...... 23 Figure 14 – Route to register for pharmacists by sex and age ...... 23 Figure 15 – Route to register for pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 23 Figure 16 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by year of registration ...... 24 Figure 17 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by home location ...... 24 Figure 18 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by sex and age ...... 25 Figure 19 – Route to register for pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity ...... 25 Figure 20 – Working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by registrant type and prescribing status ...... 27 Figure 21 – Pharmacists working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by sex and age ...... 27 Figure 22 – Pharmacists working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by home location ...... 27 Figure 23 – Pharmacists working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by race/ethnicity ...... 28 Figure 24 – Pharmacy technicians working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by sex and age ...... 28 Figure 25 – Pharmacy technicians working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by home location ...... 28 Figure 26 – Pharmacy technicians working in a pharmacy related role in the last 12 months by race/ethnicity...... 29 Figure 27 – Settings worked in during the last 12 months by registrant type ...... 30 Figure 28 – Settings worked in by pharmacists during the last 12 months by sex and age ... 31 Figure 29 – Settings worked in by pharmacists during the last 12 months by home location 33 Figure 30 – Settings worked in by pharmacists during the last 12 months by race/ethnicity . 34 Figure 31 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians during the last 12 months by sex and age ...... 36 Figure 32 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians during the last 12 months by home location ...... 37 Figure 33 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians during the last 12 months by race/ethnicity ...... 39

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Figure 34 – Current working status by registrant type and prescribing status ...... 40 Figure 35 – Pharmacists’ current working status by year of registration ...... 41 Figure 36 – Pharmacists’ current working status by sex and age ...... 42 Figure 37 – Pharmacists’ current working status by home location ...... 42 Figure 38 – Pharmacists’ current working status by race/ethnicity ...... 43 Figure 39 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by year of registration ...... 43 Figure 40 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by sex and age ...... 44 Figure 41 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by home location ...... 44 Figure 42 – Pharmacy technicians’ current working status by race/ethnicity ...... 45 Figure 43 – Working or not with caring responsibilities overall and by registrant type ...... 46 Figure 44 – Pharmacists’ caring responsibilities by sex and age ...... 47 Figure 45 – Pharmacists’ caring responsibilities by race/ethnicity ...... 47 Figure 46 – Pharmacists’ caring responsibilities by home location ...... 48 Figure 47 – Pharmacy technicians’ caring responsibilities by sex and age ...... 49 Figure 48 – Pharmacy technicians’ caring responsibilities by race/ethnicity ...... 49 Figure 49 – Pharmacy technicians’ caring responsibilities by home location ...... 50 Figure 50 – Satisfaction with work-life balance by registrant type ...... 51 Figure 51 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by sex and age ...... 51 Figure 52 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by race/ethnicity ...... 51 Figure 53 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by home location ...... 52 Figure 54 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction with work-life balance by setting of main job ...... 52 Figure 55 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by sex and age ...... 53 Figure 56 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by race/ethnicity ...... 53 Figure 57 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by home location ...... 53 Figure 58 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction with work-life balance by setting of main job ...... 54 Figure 59 – Number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by registrant type and prescribing status ...... 56 Figure 60 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by year of registration ...... 57 Figure 61 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by sex and age ...... 57 Figure 62 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by home location...... 58 Figure 63 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by race/ethnicity ...... 58 Figure 64 – Pharmacists’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by setting of main job ... 59 Figure 65 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain by year of registration ...... 59 Figure 66 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by sex and age ...... 59 Figure 67 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by home location ...... 60 Figure 68 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by race/ethnicity ...... 60 Figure 69 – Pharmacy technicians’ number of current pharmacy related jobs by setting of main job ...... 61

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Figure 70 – Pharmacists’ job titles in main job ...... 62 Figure 71 – Pharmacists’ job titles by setting of main job ...... 63 Figure 72 – Pharmacists’ job titles by route to register ...... 63 Figure 73 – Pharmacists’ job titles by whether patient facing ...... 64 Figure 74 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles in main job ...... 65 Figure 75 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles by setting of main job ...... 66 Figure 76 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles by route to register ...... 66 Figure 77 – Pharmacy technicians’ job titles by whether patient facing ...... 67 Figure 78 – Location of main job by registrant type ...... 68 Figure 79 – Location of main job amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 68 Figure 80 – Location of main job amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 69 Figure 81 – Location of main job amongst pharmacists by setting of main job ...... 70 Figure 82 – Location of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age ...... 70 Figure 83 – Location of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity ...... 71 Figure 84 – Location of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job ...... 71 Figure 85 – Settings of main job by registrant type...... 72 Figure 86 – Summary setting of main job by registrant type ...... 74 Figure 87 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 74 Figure 88 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by year of registration ...... 76 Figure 89 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by main job location ...... 77 Figure 90 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 79 Figure 91 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacists by route to register ...... 80 Figure 92 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age ...... 81 Figure 93 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration ...... 83 Figure 94 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by location of main job ..... 84 Figure 95 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity ...... 85 Figure 96 – Settings of main job amongst pharmacy technicians by route to register ...... 86 Figure 97 – Number of settings in main job by registrant type ...... 88 Figure 98 – Combinations of settings in main job by registrant type...... 88 Figure 99 – Number of settings amongst pharmacists in main job by sex and age ...... 89 Figure 100 – Number of settings amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by sex and age ...... 90 Figure 101 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week by registrant type ...... 90 Figure 102 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 91 Figure 103 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by year of registration ...... 91 Figure 104 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 92 Figure 105 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by setting of main job ...... 92 Figure 106 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacists by main job location...... 92

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Figure 107 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age...... 93 Figure 108 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration ...... 93 Figure 109 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity ...... 94 Figure 110 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job ...... 94 Figure 111 – Full-time / part-time working in main job and mean number of hours worked per week amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 94 Figure 112 – Employment status in main job by registrant type ...... 95 Figure 113 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by sex and age ...... 95 Figure 114 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by setting of main job ... 96 Figure 115 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by main job location ..... 96 Figure 116 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by race/ethnicity ...... 97 Figure 117 – Employment status amongst pharmacists in main job by full and part-time working in main job ...... 97 Figure 118 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by sex and age ...... 97 Figure 119 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by setting of main job ...... 98 Figure 120 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by location of main job ...... 98 Figure 121 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by race/ethnicity ...... 99 Figure 122 – Employment status amongst pharmacy technicians in main job by full and part- time working in main job ...... 99 Figure 123 – Patient facing in main job by registrant type ...... 100 Figure 124 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 100 Figure 125 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by main job location ...... 100 Figure 126 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by setting of main job ...... 101 Figure 127 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacists by year of registration ...... 101 Figure 128 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age .... 101 Figure 129 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 102 Figure 130 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job ...... 102 Figure 131 – Patient facing in main job amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration ...... 102 Figure 132 – All responsibilities in main job by registrant type ...... 103 Figure 133 – Main responsibilities in main job by registrant type ...... 105 Figure 134 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 106 Figure 135 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by setting of main job ...... 108 Figure 136 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by year of registration ...... 109 Figure 137 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacists by whether patient facing ...... 110

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Figure 138 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age ...... 111 Figure 139 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by setting of main job .. 113 Figure 140 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by year of registration .. 114 Figure 141 – Main responsibilities amongst pharmacy technicians by whether patient facing ...... 116 Figure 142 – Satisfaction in main job by registrant type ...... 117 Figure 143 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by sex and age ...... 117 Figure 144 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by race/ethnicity ...... 118 Figure 145 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 118 Figure 146 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by setting of main job ...... 118 Figure 147 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by all settings and sub-settings of main job ...... 119 Figure 148 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by whether patient facing ...... 120 Figure 149 – Pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by year of registration ...... 120 Figure 150 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by sex and age ...... 121 Figure 151 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by race/ethnicity ...... 121 Figure 152 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 121 Figure 153 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by setting of main job ...... 122 Figure 154 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by all settings and sub-settings of main job ...... 123 Figure 155 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by whether patient facing ...... 124 Figure 156 – Pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by year of registration ...... 124 Figure 157 – Second jobs amongst pharmacists by main job location ...... 125 Figure 158 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by sex and age ...... 125 Figure 159 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by race/ethnicity ...... 127 Figure 160 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by main job location ... 128 Figure 161 – Settings worked in by pharmacists in their second job by setting of main job 129 Figure 162 – Pharmacists’ employment status in second job ...... 130 Figure 163 – Second jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 130 Figure 164 – Settings worked in by pharmacy technicians in their second job ...... 131 Figure 165 – Pharmacy technicians’ employment status in second job ...... 132 Figure 166 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs by registrant type ...... 133 Figure 167 – Full-time / part-time working across all pharmacy jobs by registrant type ...... 133 Figure 168 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 134 Figure 169 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by main job location ...... 134 Figure 170 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 134 Figure 171 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by settings across all pharmacy jobs ...... 135 Figure 172 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week in main, second and third jobs and across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists ...... 135

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Figure 173 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age ...... 135 Figure 174 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by main job location...... 136 Figure 175 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity ...... 136 Figure 176 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by settings across all pharmacy jobs ...... 136 Figure 177 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week in main, second and third jobs and across all pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians ...... 137 Figure 178 – Settings worked in, in main job, second job and third job by pharmacists ...... 137 Figure 179 – Settings worked in, in main job, second job and third job by pharmacy technicians ...... 138 Figure 180 – Pharmacists’ work in paid non-pharmacy roles by sex and age ...... 139 Figure 181 – Pharmacists work in paid non-pharmacy roles by race/ethnicity ...... 140 Figure 182 – Pharmacy technicians’ work in paid non-pharmacy roles by sex and age ...... 140 Figure 183 – Pharmacy technicians’ work in paid non-pharmacy roles by race/ethnicity .... 140 Figure 184 – Pharmacy role amongst pharmacists with a non-pharmacy role by sex and age ...... 141 Figure 185 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy and non- pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 141 Figure 186 – Pharmacy role amongst pharmacy technicians with a non-pharmacy role by sex and age ...... 142 Figure 187 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week across all pharmacy and non- pharmacy jobs amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age ...... 142 Figure 188 – Community settings of main job amongst community pharmacists by main job location ...... 144 Figure 189 – Community settings of main job amongst community pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 145 Figure 190 – Community pharmacists’ employment status in main job by main job location ...... 145 Figure 191 – Community pharmacists’ employment status in main job by full and part-time working in main job ...... 146 Figure 192 – Community pharmacists working full and part-time in main job by main job location ...... 146 Figure 193 – Community pharmacy technicians working full and part-time in main job by main job location ...... 147 Figure 194 – Patient facing in main job amongst community pharmacists by main job location ...... 147 Figure 195 – Patient facing in main job amongst community pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 147 Figure 196 – Main responsibilities amongst community pharmacists by main job location . 148 Figure 197 – Main responsibilities amongst community pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 149 Figure 198 – Community pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 150

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Figure 199 – Community pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 150 Figure 200 – Secondary care pharmacists working full and part-time in main job by main job location ...... 153 Figure 201 – Secondary care pharmacy technicians working full and part-time in main job by main job location ...... 153 Figure 202 – Patient facing in main job amongst secondary care pharmacists ...... 153 Figure 203 – Patient facing in main job amongst secondary care pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 154 Figure 204 – Main responsibilities amongst secondary care pharmacists by main job location ...... 154 Figure 205 – Main responsibilities amongst secondary care pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 155 Figure 206 – Secondary care pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location .... 156 Figure 207 – Secondary care pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 157 Figure 208 – Primary care settings of main job amongst primary care pharmacists by main job location ...... 159 Figure 209 – Primary care settings of main job amongst primary care pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 160 Figure 210 – Primary care pharmacists working full and part-time in main job by main job location ...... 160 Figure 211 – Primary care pharmacy technicians working full and part-time in main job by main job location ...... 161 Figure 212 – Patient facing in main job amongst primary care pharmacists by main job location ...... 161 Figure 213 – Patient facing in main job amongst primary care pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 162 Figure 214 – Main responsibilities amongst primary care pharmacists by main job location ...... 162 Figure 215 – Main responsibilities amongst primary care pharmacy technicians by main job location ...... 163 Figure 216 – Primary care pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 164 Figure 217 – Primary care pharmacy technicians’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 165 Figure 218 – Profile of locum pharmacists ...... 167 Figure 219 – Job in which pharmacist locum work is undertaken ...... 168 Figure 220 – Number of current pharmacy related jobs in Great Britain, locum pharmacists compared with pharmacists overall ...... 168 Figure 221 – Employment status of pharmacists in main, second and third jobs ...... 169 Figure 222 – Settings worked in pharmacist locum jobs ...... 169 Figure 223 – Community setting jobs that were pharmacist locum jobs ...... 170 Figure 224 – Main responsibilities amongst locum pharmacists by main job location ...... 170 Figure 225 – Hours worked in pharmacist locum jobs ...... 171

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Figure 226 – Patient facing in main job, locum pharmacists compared with pharmacists overall ...... 172 Figure 227 – Satisfaction in main job, locum pharmacists compared with pharmacists overall ...... 172 Figure 228 – Locum pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by sex and age ...... 173 Figure 229 – Locum pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 173 Figure 230 – Number of jobs amongst pharmacist portfolio workers in main, second and third jobs ...... 175 Figure 231 – Number of jobs amongst pharmacy technician portfolio workers in main, second and third jobs ...... 176 Figure 232 – Combinations of settings in portfolio pharmacists’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs ...... 176 Figure 233 – Combinations of settings in portfolio pharmacy technicians’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs ...... 177 Figure 234 – Employment status in portfolio pharmacists’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs...... 178 Figure 235 – Employment status in portfolio pharmacy technicians’ main, second and third portfolio jobs and across all portfolio jobs ...... 179 Figure 236 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week by portfolio pharmacists in portfolio jobs ...... 179 Figure 237 – Mean number of hours worked in a typical week by portfolio pharmacy technicians in portfolio jobs ...... 179 Figure 238 – Patient facing in main job amongst portfolio pharmacists by main job location ...... 180 Figure 239 – Portfolio pharmacists’ satisfaction in main job by main job location ...... 180 Figure 240 – Cross-sector working across multiple jobs by registrant type ...... 181 Figure 241 – Cross-sector working across multiple jobs amongst pharmacists by main job location ...... 181 Figure 242 – Prescribing annotations amongst pharmacists ...... 184 Figure 243 – Prescribing annotations by sex and age ...... 184 Figure 244 – Prescribing annotations by race/ethnicity ...... 184 Figure 245 – Prescribing annotations by main job location ...... 185 Figure 246 – Profile of prescribers...... 185 Figure 247 – Pharmacists’ intention to gain prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years overall ...... 186 Figure 248 – Pharmacists’ intention to gain prescribing qualification and annotation in the next five years by sex and age ...... 187 Figure 249 – Ever prescribed or not since annotation by annotation type ...... 187 Figure 250 – Ever prescribed or not since annotation by sex and age ...... 187 Figure 251 – Ever prescribed or not since annotation by home location ...... 188 Figure 252 – Reasons for never having prescribed overall ...... 188 Figure 253 – Main job settings for pharmacists who had never prescribed ...... 189 Figure 254 – Prescribed in the last 12 months by annotation type ...... 190 Figure 255 – Prescribed in the last 12 months by sex and age ...... 190 Figure 256 – Reasons for not prescribing in the last 12 months overall ...... 191

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Figure 257 – Main job settings for pharmacists who had not prescribed in the last 12 months ...... 192 Figure 258 – Areas of specialism for prescribing training and qualification overall ...... 193 Figure 259 – Changed scope of practice or not since initial training and qualification as prescriber by annotation type ...... 194 Figure 260 – Prescribing settings overall ...... 195 Figure 261 – Prescribing settings by annotation type ...... 196 Figure 262 – Prescribing settings by sex and age ...... 197 Figure 263 – Prescribing settings by race/ethnicity ...... 198 Figure 264 – Prescribing settings by main job location ...... 199 Figure 265 – Areas prescribed in the last 12 months overall ...... 201 Figure 266 – Areas prescribed in the last 12 months by main job location ...... 202 Figure 267 – Areas prescribed in the last 12 months by prescribing setting ...... 202 Figure 268 – Percentage of time spent prescribing by main job location ...... 203 Figure 269 – Percentage of time spent prescribing by prescribing setting ...... 203 Figure 270 – Patients seen per week by main job location ...... 204 Figure 271 – Patients seen per week by prescribing setting ...... 204 Figure 272 – Additional qualifications by registrant type ...... 206 Figure 273 – Pharmacists’ higher education qualifications by sex and age ...... 207 Figure 274 – Pharmacists’ higher education qualifications by home location ...... 207 Figure 275 – Pharmacy technicians’ further education qualifications by sex and age ...... 208 Figure 276 – Pharmacy technicians’ additional qualifications by home location ...... 209 Figure 277 – Intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by registrant type ...... 210 Figure 278 – Pharmacists’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by sex and age ...... 210 Figure 279 – Pharmacists’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by race/ethnicity ...... 211 Figure 280 – Pharmacists’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by home location ...... 211 Figure 281 – Pharmacy technicians’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by sex and age ...... 211 Figure 282 – Pharmacy technicians’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by race/ethnicity ...... 212 Figure 283 – Pharmacy technicians’ intention to undertake further qualifications in next three years by home location ...... 212 Figure 284 – Registrations with other regulators by registrant type ...... 213 Figure 285 – Pharmacists’ registrations with other regulators by sex and age ...... 213 Figure 286 – Pharmacists’ registrations with other regulators by home location ...... 214 Figure 287 – Pharmacy technicians’ registrations with other regulators by sex and age ..... 214 Figure 288 – Pharmacy technicians’ registrations with other regulators by home location .. 215 Figure 289 – Intentions to renew registration by registrant type ...... 217 Figure 290 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by sex and age ...... 217 Figure 291 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by race/ethnicity ...... 217 Figure 292 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by home location ...... 218

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Figure 293 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by route to register ...... 218 Figure 294 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by year of registration ...... 218 Figure 295 – Pharmacists’ intentions to renew registration by setting of main job ...... 219 Figure 296 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by sex and age ...... 219 Figure 297 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by race/ethnicity ...... 219 Figure 298 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by home location ...... 220 Figure 299 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by route to register ... 220 Figure 300 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew registration by year of registration ...... 220 Figure 301 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to renew by setting of main job ...... 221 Figure 302 – Intentions to continue practising by registrant type ...... 221 Figure 303 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by sex and age ...... 222 Figure 304 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by race/ethnicity ...... 222 Figure 305 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by home location ...... 222 Figure 306 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by route to register ...... 223 Figure 307 – Pharmacists’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by setting of main job ...... 223 Figure 308 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by sex and age ...... 223 Figure 309 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by race/ethnicity...... 224 Figure 310 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by home location ...... 224 Figure 311 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by route to register ...... 225 Figure 312 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions to continue practising in the next three years by main job setting ...... 225 Figure 313 – Reasons for not renewing registration or continuing to practise registrant type ...... 226 Figure 314 – Intentions in the next three years by registrant type ...... 227 Figure 315 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by sex and age ...... 227 Figure 316 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by home location ...... 228 Figure 317 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by route to register ...... 228 Figure 318 – Pharmacists’ intentions in the next three years by main job setting ...... 229 Figure 319 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by sex and age ...... 229 Figure 320 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by home location ... 230 Figure 321 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by route to register 230 Figure 322 – Pharmacy technicians’ intentions in the next three years by main job setting 231 Figure 323 – Institution where MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification was achieved ...... 233 Figure 324 – Region where MPharm degree or OSPAP qualification was achieved ...... 234 Figure 325 – Place of pre-registration training by registrant type ...... 234

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Figure 326 – Stayed or moved for pre-registration training amongst pharmacists by region of qualification ...... 235 Figure 327 – Stayed or moved for pre-registration training amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 235 Figure 328 – Stayed or moved for pre-registration training amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 236 Figure 329 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from qualification to pre-registration training within region ...... 236 Figure 330 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from region of qualification to region of pre- registration training within the workforce ...... 237 Figure 331 – Stayed or moved for work by registrant type ...... 237 Figure 332 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacists by region of pre-registration training ...... 238 Figure 333 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacists by sex and age ...... 238 Figure 334 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacists by race/ethnicity ...... 239 Figure 335 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from pre-registration training to place of work within region ...... 239 Figure 336 – Pharmacist net gains and losses from region of pre-registration training to place of work within the workforce ...... 240 Figure 337 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacy technicians by region of pre- registration training ...... 240 Figure 338 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacy technicians by sex and age ... 241 Figure 339 – Stayed or moved for work amongst pharmacy technicians by race/ethnicity .. 241 Figure 340 – Pharmacy technician net gains and losses from training to place of work within region ...... 242 Figure 341 – Pharmacy technician net gains and losses from region of training to place of work within the workforce ...... 242 Figure 342 – Workplace county/area compared with home county/area by registrant type . 243 Figure 343 – Pharmacists’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by workplace location ...... 244 Figure 344 – Pharmacists’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by sex and age ...... 246 Figure 345 – Pharmacists’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by main job location ...... 246 Figure 346 – Pharmacy technicians’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by workplace location...... 247 Figure 347 – Pharmacy technicians’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by sex and age ...... 249 Figure 348 – Pharmacy technicians’ workplace county/area compared with home county/area by main job location ...... 249 Figure 349 – Sex and age by registrant type ...... 250 Figure 350 – Disability by registrant type ...... 250 Figure 351 – Religion overall and by registrant type ...... 251 Figure 352 – Race/ethnicity overall and by registrant type ...... 251 Figure 353 – Gender identity overall and by registrant type ...... 252

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Figure 354 – Sexual orientation by registrant type ...... 252 Figure 355 – Leave in the last 12 months overall and by registrant type ...... 253

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