DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxonomy Of&Nbsp;The Ant Genus&Nbsp;Echinopla Smith

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxonomy Of&Nbsp;The Ant Genus&Nbsp;Echinopla Smith THESIS TAXONOMY OF THE ANT GENUS ECHINOPLA SMITH, 1857 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: FORMICINAE) IN THAILAND SOISUNEE TANANSATHAPORN GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY Academic Year 2018 THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY DEGREE: Master of Science (Entomology) MAJOR FIELD: Entomology DEPARTMENT: Entomology TITLE: Taxonomy of the ant genus Echinopla Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) in Thailand NAME: Miss Soisunee Tanansathaporn THIS THESIS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY THESIS ADVISOR (Miss Monthathip Kongmee, Ph.D.) THESIS CO-ADVISOR (Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew, Ph.D.) THESIS CO-ADVISOR (Mr. Weeyawat Jaitrong, Ph.D.) DEPARTMENT HEAD (Assistant Professor Roungthip Masmeatathip, Ph.D.) APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL ON DEAN (Associate Professor Somwang Khantayanuwong, Ph.D.) THESIS TAXONOMY OF THE ANT GENUS ECHINOPLA SMITH, 1857 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: FORMICINAE) IN THAILAND SOISUNEE TANANSATHAPORN A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Entomology) Graduate School, Kasetsart University Academic Year 2018 C ABSTRACT Soisunee Tanansathaporn : Taxonomy of the ant genus Echinopla Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) in Thailand. Master of Science (Entomology), Major Field: Entomology, Department of Entomology. Thesis Advisor: Miss Monthathip Kongmee, Ph.D. Academic Year 2018 Taxonomy of the ants has been only recently started seriously in Thailand. This study aims to clarify the ant genus Echinopla of Thailand mainly based on the worker caste. Materials used in this study were mainly based on specimens deposited in the collections at the Natural History Museum of the National Science Museum, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand; the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand and at the Ant Museum, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Types or images of type specimens in AntWeb and AntWiki were examined to correct the identification. A total of 11 species are recognized among the Echinopla fauna of Thailand. They belong to the following four species groups: E. melanarctos group (E. cherapunjiensis, E. melanarctos, E. pallipes and E. tritschleri), E. mezgeri group (E. jeenthongi and E. tunkuaduljalilii), E. serrata group (E. fisheri and E. madli) and E. striata group (E. charernsomi, E. lineata and E. striata). Five species (E. cherapunjiensis, E. fisheri, E. tritschleri, E. striata and E. lineata) are records for the first time from Thailand. A dichotomous keys to the species group and Thai species of the genus based on worker caste and quality pictures of all species are provided. Distribution pattern of the species were also discussed. _________________ _______________________________ ____ / ____ / ____ Student's signature Thesis Advisor's signature D ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank and gratitude to my advisor Dr. Monthathip Kongmee (Kasetsart University, Thailand) and co-advisors Associate Professor Nantasak Pinkaew (Kasetsart University, Thailand) and Dr. Weeyawat Jaitrong (National Science Museum, Thailand) for encouragement, instruction and suggestion for completely the thesis. I would like to thank Associate Professor Decha Wiwatwitaya (Kasetsart University, Thailand) and Dr. Nawee Noon-anant (Prince of Songkla University, Thailand), who kindly allowed me to examine ant specimens in their collections. I thank also to Mr. Yudthana Samung (Mahidol University, Thailand), who helped in taking pictures of the Thai Echinopla. I would like to thank the staffs and members in the taxonomic laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus and staffs of the Thailand Natural History Museum, provided some laboratory facilities. This research was partly supported by a Graduate Program Scholarship from the Graduate School, Kasetsart University, and by The Kasetsart Research and Development Institute. Finally, I am especially appreciated to my family and all of my friends for their helped and continuing encouragements throughout this research. Soisunee Tanansathaporn TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. C ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... D TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... E LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... F LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. G INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 3 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................. 14 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 23 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 85 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................ 89 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................. 93 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................ 100 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Distribution of Echinopla in Thailand. N, Northern; NE, Northeastern; E, Eastern; W, Western; Central and S, Southern. .................................................... 84 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 External morphology of the ant. ................................................................... 5 Figure 2 External morphology of the ant genus Echinopla (workers). Body in profile. A. Echinopla striata; B. E. malanarctos; C. E. madli; D. E. tunkuaduljalilii. ............. 7 Figure 3 External morphology of the ant genus Echinopla (workers). Head in full-face view. A. Echinopla striata; B. E. malanarctos; C. E. madli; D. E. tunkuaduljalilii. .... 7 Figure 4 External morphology of the ant genus Echinopla (workers). Body from dorsal view. A. Echinopla striata; B. E. malanarctos; C. E. madli; D. E. tunkuaduljalilii. ......................................................................................................... 8 Figure 5 External morphology of the ant genus Echinopla (queen). Body in profile. A. Echinopla striata; B. E. malanarctos. ........................................................................ 8 Figure 6 External morphology of the ant genus Echinopla (queen). Head in full-face view. A. Echinopla striata; B. E. malanarctos. .......................................................... 9 Figure 7 External morphology of the ant genus Echinopla (queen). Body from dorsal view. A. Echinopla striata; B. E. malanarctos. .......................................................... 9 Figure 8 World distribution map of the ant genus Echinopla (AntWiki, 2019). ........ 10 Figure 9 Map showing collection sites for Echinopla specimens in Thailand. .......... 16 Figure 10 Term of relative position for Echinopla specimens: A. head in full-face view and B. body in dorsal view. ............................................................................. 19 Figure 11 Whole body in profile view of Echinopla. ................................................ 20 Figure 12 Right mandible of Echinopla showing basal and masticatory margins. ..... 20 Figure 13 Morphometric measurements. A. head in full-face view; B. antenna; ....... 22 Figure 14 Worker of Echinopla charernsomi. A. body in profile view; B. head in full- face view and C. body in dorsal view. ...................................................................... 33 Figure 15 Worker of Echinopla cherapunjiensis. A. body in profile view; B. head in full-face view and C. body in dorsal view. ............................................................... 37 Figure 16 Worker of Echinopla fisheri. A. body in profile view; B. head in full-face view and C. body in dorsal view. ............................................................................. 41 Figure 17 Worker of Echinopla jeenthongi. A. body in profile view; B. head in full- face view and C. body in dorsal view. ...................................................................... 47 H Figure 18 Dealate qyne of Echinopla jeenthongi. A. body in profile view; B. head in full-face view and C. body in dorsal view. ............................................................... 48 Figure 19 Worker of Echinopla lineata. A. body in profile view; B. head in full-face view and C. body in dorsal view. ............................................................................. 52 Figure 20 Worker of Echinopla madli. A. body in profile view; B. head in full-face view and C. body in dorsal view. ............................................................................. 57 Figure 21 Dealate qyne of Echinopla madli. A. body in profile view; B. head in full- face view and C. body in dorsal view. ...................................................................... 58 Figure 22 Worker of Echinopla melanarctos. A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE TRUE ARMY ANTS of the INDO-AUSTRALIAN AREA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae)
    Pacific Insects 6 (3) : 427483 November 10, 1964 THE TRUE ARMY ANTS OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN AREA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) By Edward O. Wilson BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. Abstract: All of the known Indo-Australian species of Dorylinae, 4 in Dorylus and 34 in Aenictus, are included in this revision. Eight of the Aenictus species are described as new: artipus, chapmani, doryloides, exilis, huonicus, nganduensis, philiporum and schneirlai. Phylo­ genetic and numerical analyses resulted in the discarding of two extant subgenera of Aenictus (Typhlatta and Paraenictus) and the loose clustering of the species into 5 informal " groups" within the unified genus Aenictus. A consistency test for phylogenetic characters is discussed. The African and Indo-Australian doryline species are compared, and available information in the biology of the Indo-Australian species is summarized. The " true " army ants are defined here as equivalent to the subfamily Dorylinae. Not included are species of Ponerinae which have developed legionary behavior independently (see Wilson, E. O., 1958, Evolution 12: 24-31) or the subfamily Leptanillinae, which is very distinct and may be independent in origin. The Dorylinae are not as well developed in the Indo-Australian area as in Africa and the New World tropics. Dorylus itself, which includes the famous driver ants, is centered in Africa and sends only four species into tropical Asia. Of these, the most widespread reaches only to Java and the Celebes. Aenictus, on the other hand, is at least as strongly developed in tropical Asia and New Guinea as it is in Africa, with 34 species being known from the former regions and only about 15 from Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification
    A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
    ASIAN MYRMECOLOGY Volume 8, 17 – 48, 2016 ISSN 1985-1944 © Weeyawat Jaitrong, Benoit Guénard, Evan P. Economo, DOI: 10.20362/am.008019 Nopparat Buddhakala and Seiki Yamane A checklist of known ant species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Weeyawat Jaitrong1, Benoit Guénard2, Evan P. Economo3, Nopparat Buddhakala4 and Seiki Yamane5* 1 Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 3 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 4 Biology Divisions, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala Univer- sity of Technology Tanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 5 Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto 1-21-30, Kagoshima-shi, 890-0065 Japan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Laos is one of the most undersampled areas for ant biodiversity. We begin to address this knowledge gap by presenting the first checklist of Laotian ants. The list is based on a literature review and on specimens col- lected from several localities in Laos. In total, 123 species with three additional subspecies in 47 genera belonging to nine subfamilies are listed, including 62 species recorded for the first time in the country. Comparisons with neighboring countries suggest that this list is still very incomplete. The provincial distribu- tion of ants within Laos also show that most species recorded are from Vien- tiane Province, the central part of Laos while the majority of other provinces have received very little, if any, ant sampling.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedestal Hairs of the Ant Echinopla Melanarctos (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Morphology and Functional Aspects
    Zoomorphology (2006) 125: 57–68 DOI 10.1007/s00435-005-0011-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Werner Gnatzy Æ Ulrich Maschwitz Pedestal hairs of the ant Echinopla melanarctos (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): morphology and functional aspects Received: 12 July 2005 / Accepted: 3 October 2005 / Published online: 23 February 2006 Ó Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The South East Asian arboreal Formicine Introduction Echinopla melanarctos, as well as some other members of this genus possess a cuticular structure unique in ants, In ants (Formicidae), presence of conspicuous covers of the pedestal hairs. In E. melanarctos, about 700 pedestal long and dense hairs, on the exoskeleton is rare hairs are situated on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of (Holldobler and Wilson 1990). However, workers of the head, the alitrunk, the petiole and the gaster. They ¨ species of the tropical ant tribes Basicerotini and Ste- are arranged in a polygon-like figuration. On the summit gomyrmecini possess two dominant forms of setae on of each of the up to 200-lm high pedestals, a single the dorsal surfaces of the body and outer surfaces of central hair inserts. This hair (up to 500-lm long) is legs: longer ‘brush’ hairs with splintered distal ends, and innervated by a single bipolar mechanosensitive sensory shorter ‘holding’ hairs that vary among species from cell. The lumen of each tube-like pedestal contains (1) plumose to blade-shaped or filiform. According to epithelial cells (2) the sensory cell and the auxiliary cells Holldobler and Wilson (1986), the two hair types usually of the central hair and (3) the long efferent ductules of ¨ but not invariably occur together to form a double layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File (32KB)
    Myrmecological News 21 Digital supplementary material Digital supplementary material to PEETERS , C. & ITO , F. 2015: Wingless and dwarf workers underlie the ecological suc- cess of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . – Myrmecological News 21: 117-130. Appendix S1. List of 286 ant genera in which head width of workers was measured (maximum width of head capsule excluding eyes, in full-face view), as well as 21 eusocial bees and 25 eusocial wasps for which data were obtained in the literature. Species for which results are not indicated have worker heads wider than 1 mm, i.e., there are no "dwarf" workers. All data are summarized in Fig. 2. * measured from photographs available on www.antweb.org FORMICIDAE Aenictus sp. < 0.5 mm (see BOLTON 2015) Asphinctanilloides amazona* < 0.5 mm Cerapachys sp. < 0.5 mm Agroecomyrmecinae Cylindromyrmex brevitarsus* < 1 mm Ankylomyrma coronacantha* Dorylus laevigatus < 1 mm Tatuidris tatusia* Eciton sp. Labidus spininodis* < 1 mm Amblyoponinae Leptanilloides biconstricta* < 0.5 mm Adetomyrma caputleae* < 1 mm Neivamyrmex sp. cr01 * < 0.5 mm Amblyopone australis < 1 mm Nomamyrmex esenbeckii* < 1 mm Apomyrma stygia* < 0.5 mm Simopone occulta* < 1 mm Bannapone scrobiceps* < 1 mm Sphinctomyrmex cribratus* < 0.5 mm Concoctio concenta* < 0.5 mm Tanipone aversa* < 1 mm Myopopone castanea Vicinopone conciliatrix* < 0.5 mm Mystrium camillae < 0.5 mm Onychomyrmex hedleyi < 0.5 mm Ectatomminae Opamyrma hungvuong* < 0.5 mm Ectatomma sp. Prionopelta kraepelini < 0.5 mm Gnamptogenys cribrata < 1 mm Stigmatomma besucheti* < 0.5 mm Rhytidoponera sp. < 1 mm Xymmer sp. mg03 * < 0.5 mm Typhlomyrmex pusillus* < 0.5 mm Aneuretinae Formicinae Aneuretus simoni* < 0.5 mm Acanthomyops sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Vol. 30 Final 2076.7.1.Indd
    180-191 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 Ant diversity in Muhan Pokhari area of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Nepal 1 1 Prashant Neupane and Indra Prasad Subedi 1Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal [email protected] ABSTRACT Ant diversity was studied in Muhan Pokhari area of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park (SNNP) at 1,700 m to 1,900 m asl during winter and summer seasons of 2017. Ants were collected using pitfall traps, leaf litter sampling, bait and hand collection methods along a transect of 50 m in each of all 5 sites (1,700 m, 1,750 m, 1,800 m, 1,850 m and 1,900 m). Altogether 817 individual ants were collected representing 5 sub-families, 16 genera and 23 morpho species. Formicinae (57.67%) was the most abundant sub-family, followed by Myrmicinae (40.39%), Pseudomyrmicinae (0.8%), Ponerinae (0.73%) and Dolichoderinae (0.37%).Camponotus (437individuals) was the most abundant genus followed by Aphaenogaster (287). Species richness was higher in winter (17 morph species) than in spring (14 morph species). Shannon- Wiener diversity index (1.4618) and Evenness index (0.5539) were higher in spring season. Pitfall trap method was found most effective with highest number of individual ants (567) and of 21 species. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was highest for pitfall method (1.3039) whereas evenness index was highest for the bait method (0.62615). Two genera Pachycondyla and Echinopla were were recorded for the first time in Nepal. Keywords: Camponotus, Echinopla, Formicid fauna, Pachycondyla, SNNP INTRODUCTION Ants are one of the most abundant and diverse animal groups in tropical ecosystems (Stork, 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Tropical Rainforest Fragmentation on the Leaf Litter Ant Community in Sabah, Malaysia
    Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 1371–1389, 2003. 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Size does matter – effects of tropical rainforest fragmentation on the leaf litter ant community in Sabah, Malaysia CARSTEN A. BRUHL¨ * , THOMAS ELTZ and K. EDUARD LINSENMAIR Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg¨ , Germany; *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 28 September 2001; accepted in revised form 22 July 2002 Key words: Biodiversity, Conservation, Formicidae, Isolation, Species loss Abstract. Primary tropical lowland rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia, has been largely reduced to small to medium-sized, often isolated, forest islands surrounded by a highly altered agricultural landscape. The biodiversity patterns of leaf litter ant communities were monitored in two forest fragments of differing size as well as in a contiguous forest over the course of two years. Species number and diversity in the forest isolates was significantly lower, reaching only 47.5% of the species number collected in the contiguous forest. Species density was also lower, which had led to a thinning of the ant community in the fragments. Community composition was substantially altered in the forest remnants, and an increase of tramp species with smaller fragment size was detected. These results were unexpected and alarming, as the medium-sized forest is with its 42.9 km2 a comparatively large primary forest fragment for Sabah. Introduction The most species-rich terrestrial ecosystems, tropical rainforests, are disappearing from the surface of the earth at a fast rate. Their valuable timber is targeted by logging operations, leaving forests with an open canopy and highly altered stand structure.
    [Show full text]
  • IDENTIFICATION GUIDE to the ANT GENERA of BORNEO Yoshiaki HASHIMOTO
    Chapter 9 IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO THE ANT GENERA OF BORNEO Yoshiaki HASHIMOTO Introduction Ants are one of the most abundant and diverse animal groups in tropical ecosystems (Stork, 1987, 1991), and they function at many levels in these ecosystems - as predators and prey, as detritivores, mutualists, and herbivores (Hölldobler and Wilson, 1990). Thus, ants have the potential to yield more meaningful biodiversity data than many other organisms, such as plants, birds, and butterflies. Moreover, since most species have stationary, perennial nests with fairly restricted foraging ranges, ants have a potential role as indicators of environmental change. Because of the potential usefulness, inventory of ants has been viewed as an important task in tropical biodiversity and conservation studies (Agosti et al., 2000). The most difficult part of ant inventory in tropical region is identification process. Inventory data are usually analyzed by relying on the presence or absence of species. However, identification of tropical ant specimens to species will be very difficult or impossible, because most groups of the ants have yet to be studied in detail. This difficulty makes the recognition of morphospecies a necessary part of inventory studies for ants (Agosti et al., 2000). The identifying ants to genus-level are not impossible, because excellent identification-key to ant genera of the all parts of the world is available in Bolton (1994). Thus, for sorting ant specimens into morphospecies, they should be identified to genus (i.e., “ Ant species 1 and species 2” to “Aenictus sp. 1 and Camponotus sp.1”). This makes it easy to handle and analyze the data.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Subgenus Hemiopticaroger of the Genus
    A review of the subgenus Hemioptica Roger of the genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) W.H.O. Dorow & R.J. Kohout Dorow, W.H.O. & R.J. Kohout. A review of the subgenus Hemioptica Roger of the genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). Zool. Med. Leiden 69 (8), 31.vii.1995: 93-104, figs 1-3.—ISSN 0024-0672. Wolfgang H.O. Dorow, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Rudolf J. Kohout, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, 4101, Queensland, Australia. Key words: Formicidae; Polyrhachis; Hemioptica; systematics; biology; distribution. The genus-group taxon Hemioptica Roger is reviewed and treated as a subgenus of Polyrhachis Fr. Smith. Three species are recognised: P. bugnioni Forel, P. scissa (Roger), and P. boltoni spec. nov. Previ- ously included taxa P. abrupta Mayr, P. aculeata Mayr and P. pubescens Mayr are transferred to the sub- genus Polyrhachis (Myrma) Billberg. A key to species of Hemioptica is provided; distribution ranges of individual species are given and known ecological data summarised. A lectotype is designated for P. scissa (Roger). Introduction The genus Hemioptica was established by Roger (1862) as a genus close to Polyrha- chis Fr. Smith (1858), but characterised by posteriorly truncated eyes and a deep transverse furrow between the mesonotum and the propodeum. Subsequent myrme- cologists have been undecided as to whether Hemioptica should be regarded as a 'good' genus, a subgenus of Polyrhachis or a synonym of the latter. Roger (1862, 1863), Emery (1893,1896,1901,1902,1923,1925), Dalla Torre (1893), Ashmead (1905), Ruzskij (1905), Yano (1911), Donisthorpe (1942,1943), Chapman & Capco (1951), and Hung (1962, 1967) accepted generic rank for Hemioptica, while Mayr (1862, 1866, 1867,1868,1879), Fr.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Echinopla Mezgeri Group (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Peninsular Malaysia
    Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121 249–255 Wien, Februar 2019 A new species of the Echinopla mezgeri group (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Peninsular Malaysia A. Laciny*, H. Zettel*, M. Maryati** & A. Noor-Izwan** Abstract We report on the discovery of a new ant species belonging to the Echinopla mezgeri species group from Peninsular Malaysia. Echinopla tunkuabduljalilii sp.n. differs from Echinopla mezgeri ZETTEL & LACINY, 2015 from Borneo by a reduced puncturation on head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster, and by a compara- tively low petiole. Collection circumstances are described. Key words: ants, Camponotini, Echinopla, new species, Malaysia, arboreal ants. Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über die Entdeckung einer neuen Ameisenart aus der Echinopla mezgeri-Artengruppe aus Westmalaysien. Echinopla tunkuabduljalilii sp.n. unterscheidet sich von Echinopla mezgeri ZETTEL & LACINY, 2015 aus Borneo durch reduzierte Punktierung auf Kopf, Mesosoma, Petiolus und Gaster sowie durch einen vergleichsweise niedrigen Petiolus. Die Sammelumstände werden beschrieben. Introduction With 33 described species (BOLTON 2018), Echinopla SMITH, 1857 is among the small genera of camponotine ants. XU & ZHOU (2015) published a key to species and a sys- tem of species groups based on morphological characters. Their group system was later expanded by ZETTEL & LACINY (2017) to include additional new species described by ZETTEL & LACINY (2015). The Echinopla mezgeri group was established and diagnosed by ZETTEL & LACINY (2017) to include a single species, E. mezgeri ZETTEL & LACINY, 2015 from Borneo. The new species from Peninsular Malaysia is closely related to E. mezgeri, but differs in a good number of morphological characters, chiefly regarding sculpture and morpho- metry. Both species differ from all other congeners by the following set of characters (adopted from ZETTEL & LACINY 2017): Head longer than wide; eyes positioned at its mid-length.
    [Show full text]
  • Arboreal Ants As Key Predators in Tropical Lowland Rainforest Trees
    Oecologia (2002) 131:137–144 DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0874-z COMMUNITY ECOLOGY Andreas Floren · Alim Biun · K. Eduard Linsenmair Arboreal ants as key predators in tropical lowland rainforest trees Received: 24 September 2001 / Accepted: 2 January 2002 / Published online: 14 February 2002 © Springer-Verlag 2002 Abstract Ants numerically dominate the canopy fauna on the ground and lower vegetation (Hölldobler and of tropical lowland rain forests. They are considered to Wilson 1990), and fogging studies demonstrate that they be key predators but their effects in this regard have only also dominate in the canopy (Erwin 1983; Stork 1991; rarely been studied on non-myrmecophytes. A conspicu- Floren and Linsenmair 1997; Wagner 1997; Adis et al. ously low abundance of less mobile, mainly holometa- 1998). A conspicuously low abundance of less mobile bolous arthropods like Lepidoptera larvae corresponds arthropods in the trees, mainly larvae of holometabolous with ant dominance, while hemimetabolous highly taxa like Lepidoptera- or Coleoptera, which contribute mobile nymphs occur regularly and in large numbers in less than 1% to a maximum 3% of all arthropods, corre- the trees. This is in contrast to the temperate regions lates with ant dominance. In contrast, highly mobile where ants are mostly lacking on trees and holometabol- nymphs of hemimetabolous taxa provide, on average, ous larvae are frequent. In this study we experimentally 17% of individuals to a community (Floren and Linsenmair measured ant predation in the trees by offering caterpil- 1997,1998a; Stork 1991; Wagner 1997). This is in con- lars as baits. Fifty-four ant species were tested, of which trast to the temperate regions where tree communities 46 killed caterpillars and carried them away to their nests contain only few ants and numerous less mobile arthro- while only eight species ignored the offered larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • Lach Et Al 2009 Ant Ecology.Pdf
    Ant Ecology This page intentionally left blank Ant Ecology EDITED BY Lori Lach, Catherine L. Parr, and Kirsti L. Abbott 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Oxford University Press 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 978–0–19–954463–9 13579108642 Contents Foreword, Edward O.
    [Show full text]