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Especial Número 1
TIEMPO Y SOCIEDAD Revista de Historia y Humanidades <http://tiemposociedad.wordpress.com> Núm Especial 1: Septiembre 2009-Abril 2013 1 Dirección y contacto Isabel López Fernández Consejo Editorial Javier Bayón Iglesias (Licenciado en Historia); Miguel Ángel Domínguez Pérez (Licenciado en Historia); Maite Valdés Blanco (Licenciada en Historia del Arte); Miguel Menéndez Méndez (Licenciado en Historia. DEA en Historia Moderna); Serafín Bodelón García (Catedrático. Doctor en Filosofía y Letras, Sección Filología Clásica); Luis Casteleiro Oliveros (Filólogo); Mauricio Díaz Rodríguez (Licenciado en Historia); Pablo Folgueira Lombardero (Licenciado en Historia. DEA en Arqueología) Tiempo y Sociedad. Revista de Historia y Humanidades Editora: Isabel López Fernández Portada y Logotipo: José Manuel Muñoz Fernández ISSN: 1989-6883 Tiempo y Sociedad no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas por los autores en sus artículos, que serán responsabilidad exclusiva de dichos autores. Esta publicación se distribuye bajo licencia Creative Commons. Está permitida su libre descarga, difusión y reproducción. Solo se han de tomar las debidas medidas de citación y referenciación. Oppidum Noega 2013 2 Índex Introducción………………………………………………………………………………………………5 Espacio global y tiempo profundo, por Josep Fontana…………………………………7 The modelling skulls in the Ancient Near-East, por Florine Marchand……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..21 Primeros siglos de cristianismo en Asturias, por Narciso Santos Yanguas…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………59 La estrategia exterior de Castiella vista desde Francia, por Álvaro Fleites Marcos…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….113 Cien años de Historia del Arte en España, por Gonzalo M. Borrás Gualis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…133 3 Introducción Parece que fue ayer cuando tres amigos se reunieron en casa de uno de ellos para empezar a hablar de lo que ha terminado siendo Tiempo y Sociedad, y ya han pasado más de tres años y diez números. -
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Hafting and raw materials from animals. Guide to the identification of hafting traces on stone tools Veerle ROTS Prehistoric Archaeology Unit Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Geo-Institute Celestijnenlaan 200E (Pb: 02409), B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee (Belgique) [email protected] Rots V. 2008. – Hafting and raw materials from animals. Guide to the identification of hafting traces on stone tools. [DVD-ROM]1 . Anthropozoologica 43 (1): 43-66. ABSTRACT Stone tool hafting has been a widely discussed topic, but its identifica- tion on a prehistoric level has long been hampered. Given the organic nature of hafting arrangements, few remains are generally preserved. An overview is presented of animal materials that can be used for haft- ing stone tools, and examples are provided of preserved hafting arrangements made out of animal raw material. Based on the same principles as those determining the formation of use-wear traces on stone tools, it is argued that hafting traces are formed and can be iden- tified. The variables influencing the formation of hafting traces are KEY WORDS discussed. Specific wear patterns and trace attributes are provided for Stone tools, use-wear, different hafting arrangements that use animal raw material. It is hafting, concluded that the provided referential data allow for the identifi- wear pattern, experiments, cation of hafted stone tools on prehistoric sites and the identification animal raw material. of the hafting arrangement used. RÉSUMÉ Emmanchements et matières premières animales. Un guide pour l’identification des traces d’emmanchement sur des outils de pierre. Le sujet des emmanchements des outils de pierre a été largement discuté, mais leurs identifications à un niveau préhistorique ont longtemps été difficiles. -
Internationale Bibliographie Für Speläologie Jahr 1953 1-80 Wissenschaftliche Beihefte Zur Zeitschrift „Die Höhle44 Nr
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Die Höhle - Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zur Zeitschrift Jahr/Year: 1958 Band/Volume: 5_1958 Autor(en)/Author(s): Trimmel Hubert Artikel/Article: Internationale Bibliographie für Speläologie Jahr 1953 1-80 Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zur Zeitschrift „Die Höhle44 Nr. 5 INTERNATIONALE BIBLIOGRAPHIE FÜR SPELÄOLOGIE (KARST- U.' HÖHLENKUNDE) JAHR 1953 VQN HUBERT TRIMMEL Unter teilweiser Mitarbeit zahlreicher Fachleute Wien 1958 Herausgegeben vom Landesverein für Höhlenkunde in Wien und Niederösterreich ■ ■ . ' 1 . Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zur Zeitschrift „Die Höhle44 Nr. 5 INTERNATIONALE BIBLIOGRAPHIE FÜR SPELÄOLOGIE (KARST- U. HÖHLENKUNDE) JAHR 1953 VON HUBERT TRIMMEL Unter teilweiser Mitarbeit zahlreicher Fachleute Wien 1958 Herausgegeben vom Landesverein für Höhlenkunde in Wien und Niederösterreich Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Notringes der wissenschaftlichen Ve rbände Öste rrei chs Eigentümer, Herausgeber und Verleger: Landesverein für Höhlen kunde in Wien und Niederösterreich, Wien II., Obere Donaustr. 99 Vari-typer-Satz: Notring der wissenschaftlichen Verbände Österreichs Wien I., Judenplatz 11 Photomech.Repr.u.Druck: Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (Landesaufnahme) in Wien - 3 - VORWORT Das Amt für Kultur und Volksbildung der Stadt Wien und der Notring der wissenschaftlichen Verbände haben durch ihre wertvolle Unterstützung auch das Erscheinen dieses vierten Heftes mit bibliographischen -
Airborne Microorganisms in Lascaux Cave (France) Pedro M
International Journal of Speleology 43 (3) 295-303 Tampa, FL (USA) September 2014 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs/ & www.ijs.speleo.it International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Airborne microorganisms in Lascaux Cave (France) Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez1, Valme Jurado1, Estefania Porca1, Fabiola Bastian2, Delphine Lacanette3, Claude Alabouvette2, and Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez1* 1Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain 2UMR INRA-Université de Bourgogne, Microbiologie du Sol et de l’Environnement, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France 3Université de Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France Abstract: Lascaux Cave in France contains valuable Palaeolithic paintings. The importance of the paintings, one of the finest examples of European rock art paintings, was recognized shortly after their discovery in 1940. In the 60’s of the past century the cave received a huge number of visitors and suffered a microbial crisis due to the impact of massive tourism and the previous adaptation works carried out to facilitate visits. In 1963, the cave was closed due to the damage produced by visitors’ breath, lighting and algal growth on the paintings. In 2001, an outbreak of the fungus Fusarium solani covered the walls and sediments. Later, black stains, produced by the growth of the fungus Ochroconis lascauxensis, appeared on the walls. In 2006, the extensive black stains constituted the third major microbial crisis. In an attempt to know the dispersion of microorganisms inside the cave, aerobiological and microclimate studies were carried out in two different seasons, when a climate system for preventing condensation of water vapor on the walls was active (September 2010) or inactive (February 2010). -
World Karst Science Reviews
REVIEWS AND REPORTS / POROčILA world karst science reviews International Journal of Speleology ISSN 0392-6672 October 2008 Volume 37, Number 3 Contact: Jo De Waele [email protected] Website: �ttp://www.ijs.speleo.it/ Special issue on Palaeoclimate, guest editor: Dominique Genty TABLE OF CONTENTS Report of a t�ree-year monitoring programme at Hes�ang Cave, Central C�ina. Hu C., Henderson G.M., Huang J., C�en Z. and Jo�nson K.R., pp. 143 -151. The environmental features of t�e Monte Corc�ia cave system (Apuan Alps, Central Italy) and t�eir effects on spele- ot�em growt�. Piccini L., Zanc�etta G., Drysdale R.N., Hellstrom J., Isola I., Fallick A.E., Leone G., Doveri M., Mussi M., Mantelli F., Molli G., Lotti L., Roncioni A., Regattieri E., Mecc�eri M. and Vaselli L., pp. 153-172. Palaeoclimate Researc� in Villars Cave (Dordogne, SW-France). Genty D., pp. 173-191. Annually Laminated Speleot�ems: a Review. Baker A., Smit� C.L., Jex C., Fairc�ild I.J., Genty D. and Fuller L., pp. 193-206. Environmental Monitoring in t�e Mec�ara caves, Sout�eastern Et�iopia: Implications for Speleot�em Palaeoclimate Studies. Asrat A., Baker A., Leng M.J., Gunn J. and Umer M., pp. 207-220. Monitoring climatological, �ydrological and geoc�emical parameters in t�e Père Noël cave (Belgium): implication for t�e interpretation of speleot�em isotopic and geoc�emical time-series. Ver�eyden S., Genty D., Deflandre G., Quinif Y. and Keppens E., pp. 221-234. BOOK REVIEWS Jo De Waele Inside mot�er Eart� (Max Wiss�ak, Edition Reuss, 152 pages, 2008 - ISBN 978-3-934020-67-2) Arrigo A. -
Biologické a Sociokulturní Antro- ÚSTAV ANTROPOLOGIE Pologie: Modulové Učební Texty Pro Studenty Antropologie a „Příbuzných“ Oborů Dosud Vyšlo
V rámci řady – Jaroslav Malina (ed.): Panoráma biologické a sociokulturní antro- ÚSTAV ANTROPOLOGIE pologie: Modulové učební texty pro studenty antropologie a „příbuzných“ oborů dosud vyšlo: 1. Jiří Svoboda, Paleolit a mezolit: Lovecko–sběračská společnost a její proměny (2000). 2. Jiřina Relichová, Genetika pro antropology (2000). 3. Jiří Gaisler, Primatologie pro antropology (2000). 4. František Vrhel, Antropologie sexuality: Sociokulturní hledisko (2002). 5. Jaroslav Zvěřina – Jaroslav Malina, Sexuologie pro antropology (2002). 6. Jiří Svoboda, Paleolit a mezolit: Myšlení, symbolismus a umění (2002). 7. Jaroslav Skupnik, Manželství a sexualita z antropologické perspektivy (2002). 8. Oldřich Kašpar, Předkolumbovská Amerika z antropologické perspektivy (Karibská oblast, Mezoamerika, Andský areál) (2002). 9. Josef Unger, Pohřební ritus a zacházení s těly zemřelých v českých zemích (s analogiemi i jinde v Evropě) v 1.–16. století (2002). 10. Václav Vančata – Marina Vančatová, Sexualita primátů (2002). 11. Josef Kolmaš, Tibet z antropologické perspektivy (2002). 12. Josef Kolmaš, Smrt a pohřbívání u Tibeťanů (2003). 13. Václav Vančata, Paleoantropologie – přehled fylogeneze člověka a jeho předků (2003). 14. František Vrhel, Předkolumbovské literatury: Témata, problémy, dějiny (2003). PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA 15. Ladislava Horáčková – Eugen Strouhal – Lenka Vargová, Základy paleopato- MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA logie (2004). PANORÁMA ANTROPOLOGIE 16. Josef Kolmaš, První Evropané ve Lhase (1661) (Kircherovo résumé Gruebe- rovy cestovní zprávy. Latinský text a český překlad) (2003). biologické - sociální - kulturní 17. Marie Dohnalová – Jaroslav Malina – Karel Müller, Občanská společnost: Minulost – současnost – budoucnost (2003). 18. Eva Drozdová, Základy osteometrie (2004). 19. Jiří A. Svoboda, Paleolit a mezolit: Pohřební ritus (2003). 20. Stanislav Komárek, Obraz člověka v dílech některých význačných biologů 19. a 20. století (2003). Modulové učební texty 21. -
Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia
Asouti, Eleni, and Dorian Q Fuller. A Contextual Approach to the Emergence of Agriculture in Southwest Asia: Reconstructing Early Neolithic Plant-Food Production. Supplement A: Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia. Current Anthropology 54(3). Supplement A: Primary Sources of Archaeobotanical Datasets and Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Asia We have assembled in this supplement the primary sources of archaeobotanical datasets retrieved from sites in Southwest Asia (Part 1) and the radiocarbon dates by which these sites have been assigned calendrical ages (Part 2). Part 3 presents the radiocarbon dates for early PPN sites that, to date, have not produced relevant published archaeobotanical assemblages. Part 1: Sites with Published Archaeobotanical Datasets For general overviews see Asouti and Fuller (2012), Charles (2007), Colledge and Conolly (2007), Colledge, Conolly, and Shennan (2004), Fuller et al. (2012), Garrard (1999), Willcox (1999, 2007) and Zohary, Hopf, and Weiss (2012). Sources for individual sites are indicated below, listed alphabetically by site name, followed by a short assessment of plant domestication status for all sites listed in Tables 3-4, and a list of bibliographic references. 1A. Archaeobotanical primary data sources Abdul Hosein, Tepe Iran Hubbard 1990. ‘Abr, Tell Syria Willcox et al. 2009, Willcox et al. 2008. Abu Hureyra, Tell Syria Colledge and Conolly 2010; Hillman 2000; Hillman et al. 1989; Hillman et al. 2001; de Moulins 1997, 2000. ‘Ain Ghazal Jordan Rollefson et al. 1985. Ali Kosh Iran Helbaek 1969. Aşıklı Höyük Turkey van Zeist and de Roller 1995. Aswad, Tell Syria van Zeist and Bakker-Heeres 1985 [1982]. Ayios Epiktitos Vrysi Cyprus Kyllo 1982. -
Neolithic Statues from "Ain Ghazal: Construction and Form
Neolithic Statues from "Ain Ghazal: Construction and Form CAROL A. GRISSOM Abstract This paper focuses on fabrication of statues in the Reassembly of five large lime plaster statues from second of the two caches excavated at'Ain Ghazal. In the seventh millennium B.C. following their excava- particular, it will endeavor to show that the material tion in 1985 at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan, provided an op- limitations of plaster used on a large scale played an portunity to examine evidence of their construction. important role in determining statue forms. More- For the most part, the statues had lain horizontally during fabrication, and they were made in stages by over, it will be argued that, in part because of formal applying plaster to reed bundles bound with cordage. limitations, the statues were likely adorned with Full-scale replication of a bust and a figure provided other materials, for example, clothing and wigs or additional information about construction. Plaster headgear, during display. probably had to be applied while armatures were hor- Three types of evidence are integrated to support izontal because of the statues' large size; broad, flat, and simple forms were made as a consequence. these In or-hypotheses: construction details visible in the der to fashion the complex standing figures, legs original were plaster, information acquired during repli- modeled separately and joined to the rest of the cation statue of two statues, and the forms and fabrication with plaster. Statues may have been accessorized of similarwith PPNB statues. Construction details were wigs, clothing, or other materials to simulate observed human during reassembly of statues in cache 2 at appearance.* the Smithsonian Institution and are considered pri- INTRODUCTION mary evidence, especially the excellent impressions left by entirely disintegrated reed-and-cordage arma- The discovery during the 1980s turesof twoon interior caches surfaces of of statue fragments. -
Caves in Slovakia
Caves in Slovakia ► Caves are real natural gems. Some Slovakia caves are interesting by their rich and unique decoration, others by archaeological excavations. You will be awed by geomorphologic cave structures: stalactites, stalagmites, tufa cascades and curtains, pillars, mounds, pea like and lake formations or soft tufa and eccentric formations. ► Slovakia is extremely rich in caves. 5,450 is the total number of our known caves in Slovakia, but new caves are being discovered constantly. Most of them are situated in Slovak Karst, Low Tatras and Spis – Gemer Karst (Slovak Paradise and Muran Plain), Great Fatra, Western, Eastern and Belianske Tatras. There is no other such concentration of caves with so high representative value located in the karst region of the mild climate zone as in Slovakia. 12 Slovak caves opened to public ► * Belianska Cave * Driny * Gombasecká Cave ► * Bystrianska Cave * Harmanecká Cave ► * Demänovská Cave of Liberty * Jasovská Cave ► * Demänovská Ice Cave * Ochtinská Aragonite Cave ► * Dobšinská Ice Cave * Važecká Cave ► * Domica Belianska cave is located in an attractive environment of the Tatra National Park ► The cave length is 3,640 m with elevation range of 160 m. The entrance parts, accessible through thirled tunnel, contain chimney spaces opening into them and leading from the upper original entrance situated 82 m above the present one. Belianska cave was open for public through the original entrance as early as in 1882. Electrically lit is the cave from 1896. Bystrianska cave is located on the southern edge of the Bystrá village, between Podbrezová and Mýto pod Ďumbierom. ► The cave was formed by tectonical and erosional processes and modelled by underground stream, which flows at present through the spaces 15 to 20 m under the show path. -
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst Hungary & Slovakia
CAVES OF AGGTELEK KARST AND SLOVAK KARST HUNGARY & SLOVAKIA The variety and concentration of their formations make these cave systems of 712 caves excellent representatives of a temperate-zone karstic network. They also display an extremely rare combination of tropical and glacial climatic effects, making it possible to study geological history over tens of millions of years. COUNTRY Hungary and Slovakia NAME Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE TRANSBOUNDARY SERIAL SITE 1995: The cave systems of the two protected areas jointly inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criterion viii. 2000: Extended to include Dobšinská cave in Slovakia (660 ha). 2008: Extended by 87.8 ha. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATIONS 1977: Slovensky Kras Protected Landscape Area designated a Biosphere Reserve under the UNESCO Man & Biosphere Programme (36,166 ha). 1979: Aggtelek National Park designated a Biosphere Reserve under the UNESCO Man & Biosphere Programme (19,247 ha); 2001: Baradla Cave System & Related Wetlands, Hungary (2,075 ha) and Domica Wetland in the Slovensky Kras, Slovak Republic (627 ha) both in Aggtelek National Park, designated a transboundary Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY II National Parks BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE Middle European Forest (2.11.5) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Straddles the Slovensky Kras foothills of the Carpathian mountains on the border of southern Slovakia and northern Hungary 152 km northeast -
The Microbiology of Lascaux Cave F
Microbiology (2010), 156, 644–652 DOI 10.1099/mic.0.036160-0 Mini-Review The microbiology of Lascaux Cave F. Bastian,1 V. Jurado,2 A. Nova´kova´,3 C. Alabouvette1 and C. Saiz-Jimenez2 Correspondence 1UMR INRA-Universite´ de Bourgogne, Microbiologie du Sol et de l’Environment, BP 86510, 21065 C. Saiz-Jimenez Dijon Cedex, France [email protected] 2Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain 3Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sa´dka´ch 7, 37005 Cˇ eske´ Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic Lascaux Cave (Montignac, France) contains paintings from the Upper Paleolithic period. Shortly after its discovery in 1940, the cave was seriously disturbed by major destructive interventions. In 1963, the cave was closed due to algal growth on the walls. In 2001, the ceiling, walls and sediments were colonized by the fungus Fusarium solani. Later, black stains, probably of fungal origin, appeared on the walls. Biocide treatments, including quaternary ammonium derivatives, were extensively applied for a few years, and have been in use again since January 2008. The microbial communities in Lascaux Cave were shown to be composed of human-pathogenic bacteria and entomopathogenic fungi, the former as a result of the biocide selection. The data show that fungi play an important role in the cave, and arthropods contribute to the dispersion of conidia. A careful study on the fungal ecology is needed in order to complete the cave food web and to control the black stains threatening the Paleolithic paintings. Introduction determination as Bracteacoccus minor, a member of the Chlorophyta (Lefe´vre, 1974). -
Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring As Everyday Practice
Journal of Maritime Archaeology (2020) 15:415–450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-020-09277-7(0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL PAPER Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring as Everyday Practice A. Bernard Knapp1 Accepted: 8 September 2020 / Published online: 16 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020 Abstract This paper considers the role of seafaring as an important aspect of everyday life in the communities of prehistoric Cyprus. The maritime capabilities developed by early seafarers enabled them to explore new lands and seas, tap new marine resources and make use of accessible coastal sites. Over the long term, the core activities of seafaring revolved around the exploitation of marine and coastal resources, the mobility of people and the transport and exchange of goods. On Cyprus, although we lack direct material evidence (e.g. shipwrecks, ship representations) before about 2000 BC, there is no question that begin- ning at least by the eleventh millennium Cal BC (Late Epipalaeolithic), early seafarers sailed between the nearby mainland and Cyprus, in all likelihood several times per year. In the long stretch of time—some 4000 years—between the Late Aceramic Neolithic and the onset of the Late Chalcolithic (ca. 6800–2700 Cal BC), most archaeologists passively accept the notion that the inhabitants of Cyprus turned their backs to the sea. In contrast, this study entertains the likelihood that Cyprus was never truly isolated from the sea, and considers maritime-related materials and practices during each era from the eleventh to the early second millennium Cal BC. In concluding, I present a broader picture of everything from rural anchorages to those invisible maritime behaviours that may help us better to understand seafaring as an everyday practice on Cyprus.