Select Bibliography and Websites

1. Primary Sources • Shakespeare quotations in the text are taken from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (The Alexander text), published by Collins, 1951; 1981. • The Arden editions of the individual plays are usually worth buying for their extensive and often perceptive introductions. They are published by Thomson Learning. The website is at: http://www.ardenshakespeare.com • Shakespeare's Sonnets can also be read in the Arden edition, edited by Katherine Duncan-Jones, Thomson Learning, 1997.

A. William of Stratford • William of Stratford's 'signatures' can be seen at: http://www.nationalarchives. gov.uk/museum/ • Documents on the life of William of Stratford can be read in David Thomas: Shakespeare in the Public Records, HMSO, 1985; Robert Bearman: Shakespeare in the Stratford Records, Alan Sutton, 1994; and Samuel Schoenbaum: William Shakespeare: A Documentary Life, Oxford, 1975. • Documents on William's life can also be read online at: http://fly.hiwaay.net/ ~paul/shakspere/evidence1.html or: http://www.william-shakespeare.info/william-shakespeare-facts.htm

There are more than 100 references to William and his family in the public records—the product of assiduous research, especially in the 20th century. But, apart from wills, baptism, marriage and death certificates, they relate largely to acting, business, financial and legal matters. They indicate that he was an actor, that he was reluctant to pay his taxes, that he was a maltster, and that he was a moneylender who was quick to sue for debt. There is absolutely nothing in these records to connect him with the authorship of the works ascribed to him: no manuscripts of plays or poems; no letters to friends; no notes; no anecdotes about his writing; and no references to books or a library. The picture they paint of the man is a total contrast to any intelligent image of the true author. The main documents are listed below.

469 1564, 26th April: William's baptismal record is in the Stratford Parish Register of Holy Trinity Church. It reads, 'Guliemus filius Johannes Shakspere' (i.e. William, son of John Shakspere).

1582, 27th November: William's marriage license record is in the Bishop of Worcester's Register, Worcestershire Record Office. It records the grant of a marriage license to 'wm Shaxpere et Anna whateley'.

1582, 28th November: William's marriage license bond is in the Bishop of Worcester's Register, Worcestershire Record Office. It is for the marriage of 'willm Shagspere and Anne hathwey'.

1595, 15th March: The accounts of the Treasurer of the Chamber record payments for 'two severall comedies or enterludes' shown before Her Majesty to 'William Kempe, William Shakespeare and Richard Burbage' (Public Record Office, Pipe Office, Declared Accounts No. 542, f. 207b).

1596, 20th October: A coat of arms was granted to William (it would have cost 30 guineas). The shield and crest drawing from the first of two rough drafts of the coat is kept in the College of Arms (MS. Vincent. 157, art. 23; art. 24). The motto was 'Non sanz droict' ('not without right').

1596, Michaelmas: William Wayte "swore before the Judge of Queen's Bench that he stood in danger of death, or bodily hurt", from "William Shakspere" and three others. The magistrate then commanded the sheriff of the appropriate county to produce the accused who had to post bond to keep the peace, on pain of forfeiting the security (Public Record Office, Court of King's Bench, Controlment Roll, Michaelmas Term 1596, K.B. 29/234).

1597, 4th May: William's purchase of New Place, Stratford, paying a £60 fine, is documented (the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust MS., item 1, case 8, in New Place Museum, Nash House; Public Record Office, Court of Common Pleas, CP. 24(1)/15; C.P. 25(2)/237).

470 1597, 15th November: William's tax default, 15th November 1597, is documented in the King's Remembrancer Subsidy Roll in Bishopgate ward. He failed to pay an assessed 5s (E. 179/146/354).

1598: William is listed as an actor in 1598 in a List of Actors in the initial presentation of Ben Jonson's Euery Man In His Hvmovr. "Will Shakespeare" was a "principall Comoedian".

1598, 12th January: William is mentioned in a Bill of Sale. Wyllyn Wyatt Chamberlin "Pd to Mr. Shakespere for one load of stone xd" (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Corp. Rec., Chamberlain's Accounts, 1585-1619, p. 44).

1598, 24th January: William is mentioned in a letter by Abraham Sturley, who writes that "our countriman mr Shaksper is willing to disburse some monei upon some od yardeland or other Shottrei or neare about us" (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Misc. Doc. I, 135).

1598, 4th February: William is mentioned on a List of Hoarders. He is named as having illegally held 10 quarters (80 bushels) of malt or corn during a shortage (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Misc. Doc. I, 106).

1598, 1st October: William is again listed as a tax defaulter. In the King's Remembrancer Subsidy Roll, he is listed as a tax defaulter who failed to pay an assessed 13s.4d (E. 179/146/369).

1598, 25th October: The one known letter to William is dated 25th October 1598. Richard Quiney wrote an undelivered letter asking Shakspere for a £30 loan. It is written "To my Loveinge good ffrend & contreymann mr wm Shackespre" who "shall ffrende me muche in helpeing me out of all the debettes I owe in London I thancke god & muche quiet my mynde which wolde nott be indebeted" (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, MS. ER 27/ 4). Notice that Quiney spells the name 'Shackespre", suggesting that it was pronounced 'Shacks'–'Pre'.

471 1598/9: In the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer Accounts of Subsidies (a tax record), William is listed among those in Bishopgate ward who have moved out of the district (E. 359/56).

1599, 21st February: A tripartite lease for the Globe Theatre was signed. It consisted of an agreement between Sir Nicholas Brend (grounds owner), the Burbage brothers, and five members of the Lord Chamberlain's company, which included William.

1599, 6th October: Tax record. Shakspere is among those listed in the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer Residuum London accounts as delinquents owing back- taxes (E. 372/444). As Schoenbaum suggests in William Shakespeare: A Documentary Life (Oxford, 1975), the marginal note Surrey, and the reference to 'Residuum Sussex', added later, signify that Shakespeare had migrated across the river to the Surrey Bankside.

1600: According to the Court record, "Willelmus Shackspere" brought suit against John Clayton for a £7 debt. Whether this is our Willie is not certain.

1600, 6th October: Tax record. Shakspere is listed in the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer Residuum Sussex accounts (E. 372/445) and a tax bill of 13s.4d. is still outstanding.

1601, 25th March: Will of Thomas Wittington, Worcestershire Record Office states: "Item I geve and bequeth unto the poore people of Stratford 40s that is in the hand of Anne Shaxspere, wyf unto Mr. Wyllyam Shaxspere, and is due debt unto me".

1602, 13th March: John Manningham made the following entry in his Diary: "Vpon a tyme when Burbidge played Rich. 3. there was a citizen greue soe farr in liking with him, that before shee went from the play shee appointed him to come that night vnto hir by the name of Ri: the 3. Shakespeare overhearing their conclusion went before, was intertained, and at his game ere Burbidge came. Then message being brought that Rich. the 3.d was at the dore, Shakespeare caused returne to be made that William the

472 Conquerour was before Rich. the 3. Shakespeare's name William" (British Library, MS. Harley 5353, f. 29).

1602, 1st May: Shakspere bought 107 acres of land and 20 acres of pasture in Old Stratford from William and John Combe for £320 (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, MS. ER 27/1).

1602, 28th September: Shakspere acquired a quarter-acre of land with "Chapel Lane Cottage" and a garden (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, MS. ER 28/ 1).

1603: William is named in a List of Actors in the initial presentation of Ben Jonson's Seianvs his Fall. "Will. Shake-speare" was a "principall Tragoedian".

1603, 17th and 18th May: Two identically worded warrants were written for letters patent authorising "William Shakespeare...and the rest of theire Assosiates freely to use and exercise the Arte and faculty of playinge Comedies Tragedies histories Enterludes moralls pastoralls Stageplaies and suche others like as theie have alreadie studied or hereafter shall use or studie aswell for the recreation of our lovinge Subjectes as for our Solace and pleasure when wee shall thincke good to see them duringe our pleasure" (Public Record Office, Privy Seal Office, Warrants for the Privy Seal, P.S.O. 2/22; Chancery, Warrants for the Great Seal, C. 82/1690).

1604 According to a Court record, Shakspere sued the apothecary Philip Rogers for 35s.10d plus 10s damages, seeking to recover the unpaid balance on a sale of twenty bushels of malt and a small loan (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, MS. ER 27/5).

1604, 15th March: In the Master of the Wardrobe record, Shakspere is listed among "Players" who were given scarlet cloth to be worn for the King's Royal Procession through London (Public Record Office, Lord Chamberlain's Department, Special Events, L.C. 2/4(5), f. 78).

473 1604, 24th October: A survey of Rowington manor reported that "William Shakespere Lykewise holdeth there one cottage and one garden by estimation a quarter of one acre and payeth rent yearly ijs vjd" (Public Record Office, Exchequer, Special Commission, E. 178/4661).

1605, 4th May: In the Will of Augustine Phillips is written: "Item I geve and bequeathe to my ffellowe william Shakespeare a Thirty shillings peece in gould" (Public Record Office, Prob. 10/232).

1605, 24th July: Shakspere purchased from Ralph Hubaud (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, MS. ER 27/2; Misc. Doc. II, 3) a half-interest in a lease of 'Tythes of Corne grayne blade & heye' in three nearby hamlets along with the small tithes of the whole of Stratford parish, with certain exceptions honouring former rights.

1608-9, 17th August to 7th June: Shakspere brought suit against John Addenbrooke for £6, plus 24s. damages. Shakspere won and an order was issued for Addenbrooke's arrest. Addenbrooke failed to appear in court and an attempt was made to force Addenbrooke's surety, the blacksmith Thomas Horneby, to pay the full amount (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Misc. Doc. V, 116; Misc Doc V, 139; Misc Doc V, 127a; Misc Doc V, 127b; Misc Doc V, 115; MS. ER 27/6; MS. ER 27/7).

1610: A Court of Common Pleas fine was served to confirm Shakspere's title to 107 acres of land and 20 acres of pasture purchased in 1602 from William Combe (Public Record Office, Feet of Fines, C.P. 25(2)/365; C.P. 24(2)/7).

1611: In a Stratford Court of Chancery Bill of Complaint (Richard Lane et al. versus Doninus Carewe et al., Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Misc. Doc. II, 11), the complainants, one of whom was William, asked that the other tenants pay their portion of the mean rent of £26.13s.4d. reserved for John Barker, who held the original lease on the tithes.

1612, 11th May to 19th June: In the so-called Mountjoy Case, Shakspere was called into court and asked to resolve a dispute regarding the amount offered by him as dowry

474 when he helped negotiate a marriage in 1604 (Public Record Office, Court of Requests, Belott v. Mountjoy; etc.). What the portion was, or when it was to be paid, Shakspere could not say. The witness also professed ignorance of 'what implementes and necessaries of houshold stuff' Mountjoy gave with Mary". At the bottom of William's deposition is one of the six 'signatures' in existence (his was one of several given by those involved in the case).

1613, 28th January: In the will of John Combe, £5 is bequeathed to "mr William Shackspere" (Public Record Office, Prob. 11/126).

1613, 10th March: Henry Walker's Blackfriars Gate-house was bought by Shakspere, William Johnson, John Jackson, and John Hemming for £140.

1614, 5th September: A Memorandum lists "Auncient ffreeholders in the ffieldes of Oldstratford and Welcombe." It was written by Town Clerk Thomas Greene, who was concerned about a scheme for land enclosure promoted by Arthur Mainwaring (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Misc. Doc. I, 94). On 28th October 1614 Shakspere made a covenant with Mainwaring's attorney William Replingham (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, MS. ER 27/3), which undertook to compensate William Shackespeare or his heirs or assigns 'for all such losse detriment & hinderance' with respect to the annual value of his tithes, 'by reason of anie Inclosure or decaye of Tyllage there ment and intended by the said William Replingham'.

1615, May: Thomasina Ostler's court plea has a list of shareholders for the Globe Theater and Blackfriars property which includes Shakspere's name.

1616, 25th March: William makes his Last Will and Testament (Public Records Office, Principal Probate Registry, Selected Wills, Prob. 1/4).

1616, 25th April: The burial of "Will Shakspeare gent" is recorded in the Stratford parish register (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, DR 243/1). An epitaph was later inscribed upon the stone slab covering Shakspere's grave.

475 B. Francis Bacon's Prose Writings • Quotations from Bacon's Advancement of Learning are taken from the Everyman edition, edited by G.W. Kitchin, with an introduction by Arthur Johnston, Dent, 1973. • Quotations from Bacon's Essays, The Wisdom of the Ancients and the New Atlantis are taken from the Odhams edition of these three works published in one volume in 1940. • Other Bacon quotations and letters are taken from The Works of Francis Bacon, edited by James Spedding, Robert L. Ellis and Douglas D. Heath (14 volumes), published by Longman, 1857-74. Volumes 1-5 comprise philosophical works, volumes 6-7 literary and professional works, and volumes 8-14 comprise The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon (Spedding). • A more accessible collection is Selected Writings of Francis Bacon, with an introduction and notes, by Hugh G. Dick, Random House, 1955. • Bacon's main literary works are contained in Francis Bacon: The Major Works (Oxford World's Classics), with an introduction by Brian Vickers, Oxford, 1996; 2002. • Bacon's History of the Reign of Henry VII (and other political works), edited by Brian Vickers, is published by Cambridge, 1998. • Some of Bacon's philosophical works are also included in Benjamin Farrington's The Philosophy of Francis Bacon, Liverpool University Press, 1964. • Bacon's Promus is kept in the British Museum. • The Northumberland Manuscript is kept at Alnwick Castle in the possession of the Duke of Northumberland. • Corton Cowell's two addresses to the Ipswich Philosophical Society (MS 294) are kept in the University of London Library. • Bacon's Essays can be read online at http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/%7Erbear/ bacon.html • Bacon's Advancement of Learning can be read online at http://darkwing .uoregon.edu/%7Erbear/adv1.htm • Bacon's New Atlantis can be read online at http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/ %7Erbear/bacon3.html • Bacon's Great Instauration Proem can be read online at http://www. constitution.org/bacon/instauration.txt • Bacon's Novum Organum can be read at http://www.constitution.org/bacon/ nov_org.txt • Bacon's Natural and Experimental History can be read at http://www. constitution.org/bacon/preparative.txt • Bacon's Valerius Terminus (and some of above) can be read at http:// etext.library. adelaide.edu.au/b/bacon/francis/ • Bacon's speeches in Gesta Grayorum can be read at http://fly.hiwaay.net/ ~paul/bacon/devices/gestaintro.html

476 C. Relevant Others The Anniina Jokinen website on 16th century English Renaissance Literature (1485-1603) at Norton Books has probably the most comprehensive compilation of relevant texts on the net. Some of them are quoted individually below. The site itself is at http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/ Renascence Editions, covering works originally printed in English between 1477 and 1799, features many individual texts, including Shakespeare plays and works by Bacon, at http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~rbear/ren.htm

Camden. Remains of a Greater Work Concerning Britaine, by William Camden, London, 1605. Chapman: The Works of George Chapman, ed. R.H. Shepherd, London, 1889. Chettle. Kind-Hartes Dreame by Henry Chettle can be read at http:// darkwing.uoregon.edu/%7Erbear/kind.html Dekker: Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, 1873; and http:// www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/dekker/dekkerbib.htm Drayton. The Poems of Michael Drayton, ed. J. Buxton, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1953. Erasmus. Essential Works of Erasmus, ed. W.T.H. Jackson, Bantam, 1965. Greene. Selected Works of Robert Greene can be read online at http://www. luminarium.org/renlit/greenebib.htm Hall. The Complete Poems of Joseph Hall, ed. A.B. Grosart, London, 1879. Hall. Characters of Virtues and Vices by Joseph Hall, at http://darkwing. uoregon.edu/%7Erbear/hallch.htm Jonson. The Works of Ben Jonson, Kessinger, 2004. A Cambridge edition of his works is scheduled for 2007. Kyd. Selected works of Thomas Kyd can be read at http://www.luminarium.org/ renlit/kydbib.htm Marlowe. Works of Christopher Marlowe can be read online at http://www. luminarium.org/renlit/marlobib.htm or at http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ Texts/Marlowe.html Marston. The Works of John Marston, ed. A.H. Bullen, London, 1887. Marston's works can be read online at http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/marston/ marsbib.htm Matthew. A Collection of Letters, by Sir Tobie Matthew, London, 1660. Montaigne. Apology for Raymond Sebond, Penguin, 1988. Montaigne. Essayes, transl. by John Florio, 1603, at http:// darkwing.uoregon.edu/%7Erbear/montaigne/index.htm Montaigne. The Complete Essays, transl. by M.A. Screech, Penguin, 1993. More. The standard edition of his works is the Yale Complete Works. More. Utopia, Yale, 2001, introduction by Clarence H. Miller. Munday. Selected Works of Anthony Munday can be read at http://www.

477 luminarium.org/renlit/mundaybib.htm Nashe. The standard edition of his Works is that of R.B. McKerrow, Oxford, 1958. Nashe's Works can be read online at http://www.luminarium.org/ renlit/nashebib.htm Oxford. Letters and Poems of Edward, Earl of Oxford, edited by Katherine Chiljan, NP, 1998. Parnassus Plays. The Three Parnassus Plays, edited by J.B. Leishman, Nicholson and Watson, 1949. Ralegh. The Works of Sir Walter Ralegh can be read online at http://www. luminarium.org/renlit/ralebib.htm Sidney. The Major Works, edited by Katherine Duncan-Jones, Oxford, 2002. Spenser. The Works of Edmund Spenser can be read online at http://www. luminarium.org/renlit/spensbib.htm

2. Shakespeare 'Biographies' (Orthodox) Most traditional biographies of Shakespeare are risible for the simple reason that they build a mountain of speculation on a molehill of facts, most of which are outlined above in the mundane documents we possess relating to William's life. In Is Shakespeare Dead? Mark Twain got it right: "Shall I set down the rest of the great Conjecture which constitute the Giant Biography of William Shakespeare? It would strain the Unabridged Dictionary to hold them. He is a brontosaur: nine bones and six hundred barrels of plaster". And again: "All the rest of his vast history, as furnished by the biographers, is built up, course upon course, of guesses, inferences, theories, conjectures—an Eiffel Tower of artificialities rising sky-high from a very flat and very thin foundation of inconsequential facts". A later tendency, exemplified by Park Honan (Shakespeare: A Life), is to reduce the speculation to a minimum by disposing of most of the 'possibles', 'maybes' and 'probables' and instead presenting them as facts—a neat trick which conceals all the troublesome doubts but which rather denigrates the profession of scholarship. Indeed, the words 'scholarship' and 'Shakespeare biography' keep poor company nowadays. The real truth is probably again nearer to Mark Twain's verdict: the man Shakspere didn't have a life worth recording, precisely the reason why it is largely unrecorded. Another approach, exemplified by Greenblatt (Will in the World—see review, Appendix C), is to make the man cohere with the works through a process of reductionism by which the plays are lessened in significance and the author deflated to an empty-headed bore. Astoundingly, Greenblatt concludes that the author was most at home in the small talk, trivial pursuits and foolish games of ordinary people. This travesty of the truth should be

478 exposed for the nonsense that it is. Yet another recent strategy is to jump on a bandwagon: Shakespeare was a Catholic, says one scholar (nothing new in this speculation, of course) and— hey presto, before you can say the rosary—they are nearly all repeating it. Clare Asquith (Shadowplay) even finds Catholic codes in the plays. The clearest evidence of the works themselves is that the mastermind was a liberal, tolerant Christian who eschewed sectarian labels (see Appendix B).

Ackroyd, Peter. Shakespeare: the Biography, Chatto and Windus, 2005, Vintage 2006. Akrigg, G.P.V. Shakespeare and the Earl of Southampton, Hamish Hamilton, 1968. Asquith, Clare. Shadowplay: The Hidden Beliefs and Coded Politics of William Shakespeare, Public Affairs, 2005. Aubrey, John. Aubrey's Brief Lives, edited by Oliver Lawson Dick, Secker and Warburg, 1949, DRG, 1999. Baker, Oliver. In Shakespeare's Warwickshire and the Unknown Years, Simpkin Marshall, 1937. Bearman, Robert. "Was William Shakespeare William Shakeshafte?" Revisited, Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 53, Number 1, Spring 2002, pp83-94. Brown, I. Shakespeare, Collins, 1949 (he concedes that Bacon probably inspired Love's Labour's Lost). Burgess, A. Shakespeare, Jonathan Cape, 1970, Penguin, 1972, Vintage, 1996. Carson, Neil. A Companion to Henslowe's Diary, Cambridge, 1988. Chambers, E.K. William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems, Oxford, 1930. De Grazia, Margreta and S. Wells, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare, Cambridge, 1986, 2001. Dobson, M. and S. Wells, ed. The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare, Oxford, 2001. Duncan-Jones, K. Ungentle Shakespeare, Thomson Learning, 2001. Dutton, R. William Shakespeare: A Literary Life, St Martin's Press, 1989. Elze, William. William Shakespeare, George Bell, 1901. Foakes, R.A. and R.T. Rickerts, ed. Henslowe's Diary, Cambridge, 1961, 2002. Fripp, E.I. Shakespeare, Man and Artist, Oxford, 1938. Greenblatt, S. Will in the World, Jonathan Cape, 2004. Greer, G. Shakespeare, Oxford, 1986, 2002. Greer, Germaine. Shakespeare's Wife, Bloomsbury, 2007. Haliwell-Phillipps, J.O. Outlines for a Life of William Shakespeare, 1848. Halliday, F.E. The Life of Shakespeare, Duckworth, 1961.

479 Holden, A. William Shakespeare: His Life and Work, Little, Brown, 1999, Abacus, 2000. Honigmann, E.A.J. Shakespeare: The Lost Years, Manchester University Press, 1985, 1998. Hotson, L. Shakespeare Versus Shallow, The Nonesuch Press, 1931. Hotson, L. I. William Shakespeare, Jonathan Cape, 1937. Hotson, L. Shakespeare's Motley, Oxford, 1952. Kastan, D.S., ed. A Companion to Shakespeare, Oxford, 2000. Kay, Dennis, Shakespeare, His Life, Work and Era, William Morrow, 1992. Kenny, T. The Life and Genius of Shakespeare, London, 1864. Knight, C.S. Shakespeare: A Biography, London, 1843. Lee, S. A Life of William Shakespeare, Smith Elder, 1899. Levi, P. The Life and Times of William Shakespeare, Macmillan, 1988. Murry, J.M. Shakespeare, Jonathan Cape, 1936. Reese, M.M. Shakespeare: His World and his Work, Edward Arnold, 1953. Rowse, A.L. William Shakespeare: a Biography, Macmillan, 1963, Mentor, 1967. Rowse, A.L. Shakespeare's Southampton, Macmillan, 1965. Rowse, A.L. Shakespeare the Man, Macmillan, 1973. Rowse, A.L. Shakespeare the Elizabethan, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977. Sams, Eric. The Real Shakespeare, Yale Univ. Press, 1995. Schoenbaum, S. Shakespeare's Lives, Oxford, 1970; 1993. Schoenbaum, S. Shakespeare: A Documentary Life, Oxford, 1975. Shapiro, James. 1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare, Faber, 2005, 2006. Smart, J.S. Shakespeare: Truth and Tradition, Edward Arnold, 1928. Thomson, P. Shakespeare's Professional Career, Cambridge, 1992. Wells, S. Shakespeare for all Time, Macmillan, 2002. Wells, S. Shakespeare and Co, Allen Lane, 2006. Wilson, Richard. Secret Shakespeare, Manchester Univ. Press, 2004. Wood, Michael. In Search of Shakespeare, BBC, 2003.

3. Cultural Background Akrigg, G.P.V. Jacobean Pageant: or, The Court of King James 1, Hamish Hamilton, 1962. Allen, J. W. English Political Thought, 1603-60, Methuen, 1938. Archer, I. The Pursuit of Stability: Social Relations in Elizabethan London, Cambridge, 1991. Bamborough, J.B. Ben Jonson, Hutchinson, 1970. Baines, R.J. Thomas Heywood, Twayne, Boston, 1984.

480 Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and his World, 1940, Cambridge: Massachusetts, 1968. Barish J. Ben Jonson and the Language of Prose Comedy, Harvard, 1960. Barton, A. Ben Jonson, Dramatist, Cambridge, 1984. Belsey, Catherine. The Subject of Tragedy: Identity and Difference in Renaissance Drama, Methuen, 1985. Binns, J.W. Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, ARCA 24, 1990. Bliss, L. The World's Perspective: John Webster and the Jacobean Drama, Rutgers Univ. Press, 1983. Bliss, L. Francis Beaumont, Twayne, Boston, 1987. Bloom, Clive. Jacobean Poetry and Prose: Phetoric, Representation and the Popular Imagination, Macmillan, 1988. Boas, F.W. Christopher Marlowe, Oxford, 1940. Boehrer, Bruce Thomas. Shakespeare among the Animals: Nature and Society in the Drama of Early Modern England, Palgrave, 2002. Bolt, Rodney. History Play: The Lives and After-life of Christopher Marlowe, HarperCollins, 2004. Bradbrook, M.C. John Webster, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980. Bray, Alan. Homosexuality in Renaissance England, Gay Men's Press, 1982. Brennan, M. Literary Patronage in the English Renaissance, Routledge,1988. Braunmuller, A. R. and Michael Hattaway. The Cambridge Companion to English Renaissance Drama, Cambridge, 1990. Bruster, Douglas. Drama and the Market in the Age of Shakespeare, Cambridge, 1992. Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, 1860, Penguin, 1990. Chambers, E.K. The Elizabethan Stage, Oxford, 1923. Copenhaver, Brian P. and Charles B. Schmittt. Renaissance Philosophy, Oxford, 1992. Cressy, David and Lori Anne Ferrell. Religion and Society in Early Modern England : a Sourcebook, Routledge, 1996. Crewe, Jonathan V. Unredeemed Rhetoric: Thomas Nashe and the Scandal of Authorship. John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1982. Dillon, Janette. Theatre, Court and City, 1595-1610: Drama and Social Space in London, Cambridge, 2000. Dollimore, Jonathan. Radical Tragedy, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1984. Dollimore, Jonathan. Sexual Dissidence, Oxford, 1991 (chapters on the Renaissance). Duncan-Jones, Katherine. Sir Philip Sidney: Courtier Poet, Yale, 1991. Dutton, Richard. Ben Jonson: Authority, Criticism, Macmillan, 1996. Empson, William. Seven Types of Ambiguity, Chatto & Windus, 1930.

481 Finkelpearl, P. J. John Marston of the Middle Temple, Harvard Univ. Press, 1969. Fox, Alastair. Thomas More: History and Providence, Yale Univ. Press, 1982. Gatti, Hilary. The Renaissance Drama of Knowledge, Routledge, 1989. Goldberg, Jonathan. James I and the Politics of Literature, John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1983. Grebanier, Bernard D. et al. English Literature and its Background, Holt, 1950. Green, A.W. The Inns of Court and Early English Drama, Blom, 1965. Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-Fashioning: from More to Shakespeare, University of Chicago Press, 1980. Hale, John. The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, HarperCollins, 1993. Haltaway, M. and A. Braunmuller, The New Cambridge Companion to Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama, Cambridge, 1989. Hammer, Paul. The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics, Cambridge, 1999. Harrison, G. B. The Story of Elizabethan Drama, Cambridge, 1937. Hattaway, Michael. Elizabethan Popular Theatre, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982. Herford, C.H. and P. Simpson. B. Jonson: The Man and his Work, Oxford, 1925. Hexter, J. H. More's Utopia: The Biography of an Idea, Princeton, 1952. Howard, Jean Elizabeth. The Stage and Social Struggle in Early Modern England, Routledge, 1994. Hume Martin. The Great Lord Burghley, Eveleigh Nash, 1906. Hunter, G.K. John Lyly: The Humanist as Courtier, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962. Hutson, Lorna. Thomas Nashe in Context, Oxford, 1989. Ingram, R.W. John Marston, Twayne, Boston, 1978. Jardine, Lisa. Still Harping on Daughters: Women and Drama in the Age of Shakespeare, Harvester, 1983. Jardine, Lisa and Anthony Grafton. From Humanism to the Humanities, Duckworth, 1986. Jenkins, H. The Life and Work of Henry Chettle, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1934. Joseph, Sister Miriam. Rhetoric in Shakespeare's Time: Literary Theory of Renaissance Europe, Harcourt, Brace, 1962. Kautsky, Karl. Thomas More and his Utopia, Russell and Russell, New York, 1959. Kernan, Alvin, ed. Two Renaissance Mythmakers: Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson, John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1977. Knights, L.C. Drama and Society in the Age of Jonson, Penguin, Chatto and Windus, 1962.

482 Kinney, A.F. Humanist Poetics, University of Massachusetts Press, 1986. Kraye, J. ed. Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism, Cambridge, 1995. Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and Its Sources, Columbia Univ Press, 1979. Kristeller, Paul Oskar and Philip P. Wiener, ed., Renaissance Essays, University of Rochester Press, 1968. Maus, K. E. Ben Jonson and the Roman Frame of Mind, Princeton, 1984. McLuskie, Kathleen E. Dekker and Heywood: Professional Dramatists, Macmillan, 1994. Miles, R. Ben Jonson: His Life and Work, Routledge, 1986. Nelson, Alan. Monstrous Adversary: The Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, Liverpool Univ Press, 2003. Nicholl, Charles, The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe, Harcourt, 1992. Norbrook, David. Poetry and Politics in the English Renaissance, Oxford,1982, 2002. Orgel, S. The Illusion of Power: Political Theatre in the English Renaissance, California Univ.Press, 1975. Peck, Linda Levy. The Mental World of the Jacobean Court, Cambridge, 1991. Popkin, Richard H. History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza, Univ. of California Press, 1979. Read, Conyers. Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth, Jonathan Cape, 1960. Rivers, Isabel. Classical and Christian Ideas in the English Renaissance, Routledge, 1994. Rowse A.L. Simon Forman: Sex and Society in Shakespeare's Age, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974. Sanders, W. The Dramatist and the Received Idea, Cambridge, 1968. Sharpe, J. A. Early Modern England: A Social History, 1550-1760, Edward Arnold, 1987. Simkin, Stevie. A Preface to Marlowe, Longman, 2000. Shepherd, Simon. Marlowe and the Politics of the Elizabethan Stage, Harvester, 1986. Smith, Bruce R. Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare's England, University of Chicago Press, 1991. Steane, J. B. Marlowe: a Critical Study, Cambridge, 1964. Stewart, Alan. Philip Sidney: A Double Life, Chatto and Windus, 2000. Stone, Lawrence. The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641, Oxford, 1965. Strathern, Paul. The Medici, Jonathan Cape, 2003, Pimlico, 2005. Sylvester, R. S. and G. Marc'hadour ed. Essential Articles for the Study of Thomas More, Archon, 1977.

483 Tillyard, E.M.W. The Elizabethan World Picture, Chatto and Windus, 1943, Penguin, 1963. Wharton, T.F. ed. The Drama of John Marston, Cambridge, 2001. Wilson, Richard. Christopher Marlowe, Longman, 1999. Womack, Peter. Ben Jonson, Blackwell, 1986. Woudhuysen, Henry R. ed. Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse, Penguin, 1993. Yates, Frances. Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition, Routledge, 1964, 2002. Yates, Frances. The Rosicrucian Enlightenment, Routledge, 1972, 2001. Yates, Frances. The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age, Routledge, 1979, 2001.

4. Shakespeare Studies (Orthodox) Alulis, Joseph and Vickie Sullivan, ed. Shakespeare's Political Pageant, Rowman and Littlefield, 1996. Alvis, J. and West, T.G., ed. Shakespeare as Political Thinker, Carolina Academic Press, 1981. Alexander, Catherine. Shakespeare and Politics, Cambridge, 2004. Anders, H. Shakespeare's Books, Berlin, 1904. Baldwin, T.W. Shakespeare's Small Latine and Lesse Greeke, University of Illinois Press, 1944. Barroll, L. Politics, Plague and Shakespeare's Theatre, Cornell Univ. Press, 1991. Barton, A. Shakespeare and the Idea of the Play, Chatto and Windus, 1962, Penguin, 1967, Greenwood, 1977. Barton, A. Essays, Mainly Shakespearean, Cambridge, 1994. Barton, A. 'The One and Only', in New York Review of Books, 11th May 2006. Baxter, J. Shakespeare's Poetic Styles, Routledge, 1980. Bate, J. Shakespeare and the English Romantic Imagination, Oxford, 1986. Bate, J., ed. The Romantics on Shakespeare, Penguin, 1992. Bate, J. Shakespeare and Ovid, Oxford, 1993. Bate, J. The Genius of Shakespeare, Picador, 1997. Bayley, John. Shakespeare and Tragedy, Routledge, 1981. Berry, R. The Shakespearean Metaphor, Macmillan, 1978. Bloom, Allan. Shakespeare's Politics, University of Chicago Press, 1981. Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, Fourth Estate, 1999. Bradbrook, M.C. Shakespeare: The Poet in his World, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy, Macmillan, 1904.

484 Bradshaw, G. Shakespeare's Scepticism, Harvester Press, 1987. Brooke, N. Shakespeare's Early Tragedies, Methuen, 1968. Brooks, C. The Well Wrought Urn, Methuen, 1949. Burkhardt, Sigurd. Shakespearean Meanings, Princeton, 1968. Calderwood, J.C. Shakespearean Metadrama, University of Minnesota Press, 1971. Calderwood, J.C. Metadrama in Shakespeare's Henriad, University of California Press, 1979. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, Cambridge, 1930. Charlton, H.B. Shakespearian Comedy, Methuen, 1938. Clemen, W.H. The Development of Shakespeare's Imagery, Methuen, 1951, 1977. Coghill, N. Shakespeare's Professional Skills, Cambridge, 1964. Collins, J. Churton. Studies in Shakespeare, Archibald Constable & Co., 1904. Craig, H. The Enchanted Glass (Oxford, 1936. Blackwell, 1960, Greenwood Press Reprint, 1975. Crystal, D. and B. Shakespeare's Words, Penguin, 2002. Curry, W.C. Shakespeare's Philosophical Patterns, Louisiana State University Press, 1936. Daiches, D. Critical Approaches to Literature, Longmans, 1956. Daiches, D. Literary Essays, Oliver and Boyd, 1956. Danby, J.F. Shakespeare's Doctrine of Nature, Faber and Faber, 1948, 1961. Dollimore, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield, ed. Political Shakespeare, Manchester Univ. Press, 1985. Dollimore, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield. 'History and Ideology: the Instance of Henry V', in Alternative Shakespeares, ed. John Drakakis, London, l985, pp206-227. Dowden, E. Shakespeare: His Mind and Art, London, 1975. Draper, J.W. The Hamlet of Shakespeare's Audience, Octagon, 1966. Dusinberre, J. S. Shakespeare and the Nature of Women, Macmillan, 1975. Ellis-Fermor, E. The Frontiers of Drama, Methuen, 1945, 1964. Engle, L. Shakespearean Pragmatism, University of Chicago Press, 1993. Erne, Lucas. Shakespeare as literary Dramatist, Cambridge, 2003. Evans, I. English Literature: Values and Traditions, Allen and Unwin, 1962. Faas, Ekbert. Shakespeare's Poetics, Cambridge, 1986. Foakes, R. Shakespeare: The Dark Comedies to the Late Plays from Satire to Celebration, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971. Frost, D.L. The School of Shakespeare, Cambridge, 1968. Frye, N. Anatomy of Criticism, Princeton, 1957. Frye, N. A Natural Perspective, Columbia, 1965.

485 Frye, N. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Univ. of Toronto Press, 1967. Frye, R.M. Shakespeare and Christian Doctrine, Oxford, 1963. Goddard, H.C. The Meaning of Shakespeare, University of Chicago Press, 1951. Grady, H. Shakespeare, Machiavelli and Montaigne, Oxford, 2002. Greenblatt, Stephen. Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England, Oxford, 1988. Furbank, P.N. Reflections on the Word 'Image', Secker and Warburg, 1970. Hamilton, Donna B. Shakespeare and the Politics of Protestant England, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992. Harris, R. The Language Myth, Duckworth, 1981. Hawkes, T. Shakespeare and the Reason, Routledge, 1964. Holderness, Graham ed. The Shakespeare Myth, Manchester Univ. Press, 1988. Holland, N., ed. Shakespeare's Personality, University of California Press, 1989. Howard, J.E. Shakespeare's Art of Orchestration, University of Illinois Press, 1984. Hughes, Ted. Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being, Faber, 1992. Hunter, G.K. 'Shakespeare's Politics and the Rejection of Falstaff', Critical Quarterly, 1, Autumn 1959, pp229-236. Hussey, S.S. The Literary Language of Shakespeare, Longman, 1982. James, J.D. The Dream of Learning, Oxford, 1951. Jones, Emrys. The Origins of Shakespeare, Oxford, 1977. Joseph, B.L. Shakespeare's Eden, Blandford, 1971. Kermode, F. Renaissance Essays, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971, Fontana, 1973. Kermode, F. 'Writing about Shakespeare', London Review of Books, 9th December 1999. Kermode, F. Shakespeare's Language, Allen Lane, 2000, Penguin, 2001. Kermode, F. The Age of Shakespeare, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004, Phoenix, 2005. Kirsch, Arthur C. 'The Integrity of Measure for Measure', Shakespeare Survey, 28, 1975, pp89-105. Kiernan, Pauline. Shakespeare's Theory of Drama, Cambridge, 1996. Knight, G.W. The Wheel of Fire, Oxford, 1930, Methuen, 1949, Routledge, 1989. Knight, G.W. The Imperial Theme, Oxford, 1931, Methuen, 1965, Routledge, 1990. Knight, G.W. The Shakespearian Tempest, Oxford, 1932. Knight, G.W. The Crown of Life, Oxford, 1947, Routledge, 2002.

486 Knights, L.C. Explorations, Chatto and Windus, 1946. Knights, L.C. Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Essays, Cambridge, 1979. Knights, L.C. Some Shakespearean Themes, Chatto and Windus, 1966. Kott, J. Shakespeare Our Contemporary, Methuen, 1967. Lamb, C. On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, 1811. Laroque, F. Shakespeare's Festive World, Cambridge, 1991. Lawlor, J. The Tragic Sense in Shakespeare, Chatto and Windus, 1960. Lee, John. Shakespeare's Hamlet and the Controversies of the Self, Oxford, 2000. Levin, H. The Question of Hamlet, Oxford, 1959. Levin, H. 'The Primacy of Shakespeare', Shakespeare Quarterly, 26, Spring 1975, pp99-112. Mack, M. Everybody's Shakespeare, University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Mahood, M.M. Shakespeare's Wordplay, Methuen, 1957. Marx, Steven. Shakespeare and the Bible, Oxford, 2000. McCanles, M. Dialectical Criticism and Renaissance Literature, University of California Press, 1975. Milward, P. Shakespeare's Religious Background, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1973. Milward, Peter. The Catholicism of Shakespeare's Plays, Saint Austin Press, 1997. Miola, Robert. Shakespeare and Classical Comedy: The Influence of Plautus and Terence, Oxford, 1994. Miola, Robert. Shakespeare's Reading, Oxford, 2000. Muir, K. A New Companion to Shakespeare Studies, Cambridge, 1971. Muir, K. Shakespeare the Professional, Heinemann, 1973. Muir, K. The Sources of Shakespeare's Plays, Methuen, 1977. Mulryne, J.R. and Margaret Shewring. Theatre and Government Under the Early Stuarts, Cambridge, 1993. Murry, J.M. The Problem of Style, Oxford, 1922. Nicholas Knight, W. Shakespeare's Hidden Life, Mason & Lipscomb, 1973. Orgel, Stephen. Imagining Shakespeare, St Martins Press, 2003. Parker, P. Shakespeare and the Question of Theory, Methuen, 1985. Pettet, E.C. Shakespeare and the Romance Tradition, Staples Press, 1949. Pinciss, G.M. Forbidden Matter: Religion in the Drama of Shakespeare and his Contemporaries, Univ. of Delaware Press, 2000. Rabkin, N. Shakespeare and the Problem of Meaning, University of Chicago Press, 1981. Ribner, I. Patterns in Shakespearian Tragedy, Methuen, 1960. Roe, John. Shakespeare and Machiavelli, D.S. Brewer, 2002. Rossiter, A.P. Angel with Horns and Other Shakespearean Lectures, Longmans, 1961.

487 Sewell, E. The Orphic Voice, Routledge, 1960. Smith, Peter J. Social Shakespeare, Macmillan, 1995. Spencer, T. Shakespeare and the Nature of Man, Macmillan, 1942. Spurgeon, C. Shakespeare's Imagery and What It Tells Us, Cambridge, 1935. Stevenson, David L. The Achievement of Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, Cornell Univ. Press, 1966. Still, C. Shakespeare's Mystery Play, Cecil Palmer, 1921. Taylor, Gary. Reinventing Shakespeare, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989, Hogarth, 1990. Tillyard, E.M.W. Shakespeare's Last Plays, Chatto and Windus, 1938. Tillyard, E.M.W. Shakespeare's History Plays, Chatto and Windus, 1944. Tillyard, E.M.W. Shakespeare's Problem Plays, Univ. of Toronto Press, 1949. Traversi, Derek. An Approach to Shakespeare, Hollis and Carter, 3rd edition, 1968. Van Laan, T.F. Role-Playing in Shakespeare, Univ. of Toronto Press, 1978. Vickers, Brian. The Artistry of Shakespeare's Prose, Methuen, 1968, Cambridge, 1979. Vickers, Brian. Shakespeare: The Critical Heritage, 6 volumes, Routledge, 1973- 81. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels, Yale Univ. Press, 1994. Ward, Ian. 'Shakespeare and the Politics of Community', in Early Modern Studies, 4.3, January 1999, online at http://chass.utoronto.ca/emls/04-3/ wardshak.html Wofford, S.L., ed. Shakespeare's Late Tragedies: A Collection of Critical Essays, Prentice-Hall, 1995.

The main periodicals in English devoted to the study of Shakespeare are: Shakespeare Quarterly (since 1950); Shakespeare Survey (annual, since 1948); Shakespeare Studies (annual American journal, since 1965).

488 Shakespeare Study Websites Arden Net. The Critical Resources for Shakespeare Studies at http://www. anglistikguide.de/cgi-bin/ssgfi/anzeige.pl?db=lit&nr=000830&ew=SSGFI Basel University, Switzerland. Sh:in:E. Shakespeare in Europe, at http:// pages. unibas.ch/shine/ Birmingham University:Internet Reources for Shakespeare Studies at http:// www.shakespeare.bham.ac.uk/resources Duke University: Shakespeare Resources at http://www.lib.duke.edu/reference/ subjects/shakes.html Early Modern Literary Studies at http://extra.shu.ac.uk/emls/emlsweb.html Folger Shakespeare Libray at http://www.folger.edu/welcome.htm 42 Explore at http://42explore.com/shakspear.htm Mr William Shakespeare at http://shakespeare.palomar.edu/ Renaissance Forum at http://www.hull.ac.uk/Hull/EL_Web/renforum Shakespeare Bookshelf: Internet Public library at http://www.ipl.org/div/ shakespeare/ Shakespeare Resource Center at http://www.bardweb.net Shakespeare Resources on the Internet at http://www-tech.mit.edu/ shakespeare/other.html Shake Sphere Study Guide at http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/ xShakeSph.html#top Voice of the Shuttle at http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2749 William Shakespeare at http://www.bartleby.com/people/Shakespe.html World Shakespeare at http://www-english.tamu.edu/wsb/ William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, at http://www.william- shakespeare. info/index.htm

5. Hamlet (Chapter 18)

A. Books etc. Alexander, Peter. Hamlet Father and Son, Oxford, 1955. Barton, A. Introduction to the Penguin edition of Hamlet, Penguin, 1980, 1996. Bowers, Fredson. 'Hamlet as Minister and Scourge', PMLA, 70, 1955, pp740- 749. Calderwood, J.L. To Be or Not To Be: Negation and Metadrama in Hamlet, Columbia Univ. Press, 1983. Edwards, Philip ed. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Cambridge, 1985. Frye, R.M. The Renaissance Hamlet, Princeton, 1984.

489 Greenblatt, Stephen. Hamlet in Purgatory, Princeton, 2001. Hawkes, Terence. That Shakespehearian Rag, Methuen, 1986. Hibbard, G.R. Introduction to the Oxford Shakespeare edition of Hamlet, Oxford, 1987, 1998. Hughes, Geoffrey. 'The Tragedy of a Revenger's Loss of Conscience: A Study of Hamlet' English Studies 57, 1976, pp 395-409. Joseph, Bertram. Conscience and the King, Chatto and Windus, 1953. Kerrigan, William. Hamlet's Perfection, John Hopkins UP, 1994. Kinney, Arthur F. ed. Hamlet: New Critical Essays, Routledge, New York, 2002. Kurland, S.M. 'Hamlet and the Scottish Succession', in Studies in Literature, 34, 1992, pp279-300. Mack, M. 'The World of Hamlet', in The Yale Review, 41, 1952, pp502-23. McEvoy, Sean. William Shakespeare's Hamlet: A Sourcebook, Routledge, 2006. Mueller, Martin. 'Hamlet and the World of Ancient Tragedy', Arion 5, 1997, pp195-217. Muir, Kenneth. Hamlet, Edward Arnold, 1963. Prosser, Eleanor. Hamlet and Revenge, Stanford Univ. Press, 1967. States, Bert O. Hamlet and the Concept of Character, John Hopkins UP, 1992. Thompson, A. 'The Comedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark', in Shakespeare Survey 56, Cambridge, 2003. Walker, Roy. The Time is Out of Joint, Andrew Dakers, 1948. Wilson, J. Dover. What Happens in Hamlet, Cambridge, 1937. Winstanley, L. Hamlet and the Scottish Succession, Cambridge, 1921.

B. Website Articles The Comedy of Hamlet at http://:www.atlantisjournal.org/Papers/24_1/draudt Hamlet and his Problems by T.S. Eliot at http://www.clicknotes.com/hamlet/ Eliot/welcome.html Hamlet and the Scottish Succession at http://highbeam.com/library/doc3.asp Hamlet Online at http://www.tk421.net/hamlet/hamlet.html Hamlet's Thoughts and Antics at http://emc.eserver.org/1-degrazia.html Hamlet's Puns and Paradoxes at http://www.clicknotes.com/hamlet/Pap.html How Many Years had the Dane? at http://www.princehamlet.com/ chapter_1.html Introductory Lecture at http://mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/ hamlet.htm The Mind of Man in Hamlet at http://highbeam.com/library/doc3.asp Multiplicity of Meaning in the Last Moments at http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/ connotations/BROWN21.HTM

490 The Origin of Hamlet by Charles Dickens at http://shakespearean.org.uk/ ham1-dic.htm Polonius as Lord Burghley http://www.sourcetext.com/sourcebook/essays/ polonius/corambis.html Preface to Hamlet by Harvey Granville-Barker at http:// www.princehamlet.com/granville.html Shakespeare and the Culture of Doubt at http://www.sogang.ac.kr/~anthony/ Doubt.htm Shakespearean Tragedy by A.C. Bradley at http://www.clicknotes.com/ bradley/ Table Talk on Hamlet by Coleridge at http://shakespearean.org.uk/ham2- col.htm Thoughts on Hamlet at: http://www2.hawaii.ed/~lady/litshakespeare/ Hamlet.html The Uses of Interpretation in Hamlet at: http://highbeam.com/library/doc3.asp Who knows Who's There? at: http://www.shu.ac.uk/emls/10-12/rothepis.htm

6. The Tempest (Chapter 19)

A. Books etc. Barton, A. Introduction to the Penguin edition of The Tempest, Penguin, 1968. Beck Barry. 'Shakespeare's The Tempest: A Jungian Interpretation', at http:// praxis.wynja.com/personality/tempest.html Berger, Harry. 'Miraculous Harp: A Reading of Shakespeare's Tempest', Shakespeare Studies, 5, 1969, pp253-283. Berger, Karol. 'Prospero's Art', Shakespeare Studies, 10, 1977. Brockbank, J.P. 'The Tempest: Conventions of Art and Empire' in Later Shakespeare, edited by John Russell Brown and Bernard Harris, Stratford- upon-Avon Studies 8, Edward Arnold, pp183-201. Brockbank, Philip. 'The Island of The Tempest', in On Shakespeare: Jesus, Shakespeare and Karl Marx, and Other Essays, Basil Blackwell, 1989, pp322-40. Craig, Hardin. 'Magic in The Tempest', Philological Quarterly, 47, 1968, pp8-15. Carey-Webb, Allen. 'National and Colonial Education in Shakespeare's The Tempest', Early Modern Literary Studies 5.1,1999, pp 1-39, at http:// purl.oclc.org/emls/05-1/cwebtemp.html James, D.G. The Dream of Prospero, Oxford, 1967. Kermode, F. Introduction to the Arden edition of The Tempest, Methuen, 1954.

491 Nuttall, A.D. Two Concepts of Allegory: A Study of Shakespeare 'The Tempest', Routledge, 1967. Palmer, D. J. ed. Shakespeare: The Tempest: A Casebook, Macmillan, 1968, 1991. Sisson, C.J. 'The Magic of Prospero', in Shakespeare Survey XI, 1958. Still, C. Shakespeare's Mystery Play, Cecil Palmer, 1921. Traversi, D. Shakespeare: The Last Phase, Hollis and Carter, 1954. Wood, Nigel, ed. The Tempest, Open Univ. Press, 1995.

B. Website Articles Another Island, Another Story, at http://www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no1/ bilton.htm Dating The Tempest by Dave Kathman, at http://shakespeareauthorship.com/ tempest.html Forgiveness and Reconciliation in The Tempest, by Barry Mabillard at http:// www.shakespeare-online.com/essays/tempestessay1.html Introductory Lecture on The Tempest, at http://www.bigeye.com/tempest.htm A Masque of Revelation, at http://cla.calpoly.edu/~smarx/courses/masque.html Of Cannibals by Montaigne, at http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/ montaigne/montaigne-essays--2.html Progeny: Prospero's Books, Genesis and The Tempest, at http:// www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v1no2/marx.htm Prospero's Dream, at http://shakespeare.let.uu.nl/masque.htm Shakespeare's Mystery Drama, at http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/ arts/ar-mcos2.htm The Tempest, at http://www.mtsn.org.uk/cer/tempest/tempest1.htm The Tempest, by David Lowenthal at http://extra.shu.ac.uk/emls/05-3/ tessrev.htm The Tempest and Neo-Platonism, at http://www.mtsn.org.uk/cer/tempest/ tempest3.htm The Tempest: Art vs. Nature by Yeo Siew Lian, at http:// sunflower.singnet.com.sg/~yisheng/notes/tempest/artnatur.htm The Tempest Study Guide at http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/xTempest. html#Tempest

492 7. Bacon Studies: Largely Orthodox The following is only a small selection of the books on Francis Bacon. For a fuller list, see Peltononen: The Cambridge Companion to Bacon, listed below. The Francis Bacon Research Trust provide a bibliography on Bacon and his Shakespeare claim at http://www.fbrt.or.uk/pages/essays/essay- bibliography.html

Abbott, Edwin A. Francis Bacon: An Account of his life and Work, Macmillan, 1885. Anderson, Fulton H. The Philosophy of Francis Bacon, Univ of Chicago Press, 1948. Bevan, Bryan. The Real Francis Bacon, Centaur Press, 1960. Broad, C.D. The Philosophy of Francis Bacon, at http://www.ditext.com/ broad/bacon.html Bowen, Catherine, D. Francis Bacon: The Temper of a Man, Hamish Hamilton, 1963. Box, Ian. 'Bacon's Essays', in History of Political Thought, III, 1982, pp31- 49. Box, Ian. 'Politics and Philosophy: Bacon on the Values of War and Peace', The Seventeenth Century, VII, 1992, pp113-27. Briggs, John C. Francis Bacon and the Rhetoric of Nature, Harvard Univ. Press, 1989. Bundy, Murray W. 'Bacon's True Opinion of Poetry', in Studies in Philology, XXVII, 1930, pp244-264. Church, R.W. Bacon, Macmillan, 1884. Cogan, Marc. 'Rhetoric and Action in Francis Bacon', in Philosophy and Rhetoric, XIV, 1981, pp212-33. Coquillette, Daniel R. Francis Bacon, Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1992. Cressy, David. 'Francis Bacon and the Advancement of Schooling', in History of European Ideas II, 1981, 65-74. Crowther, J.G. Francis Bacon: The First Statesman of Science, Cresset Press, 1960. Du Maurier, Daphne. Golden Lads: Anthony Bacon, Francis and their Friends, Gollancz, 1975, Pan, 1976. Du Maurier, Daphne. The Winding Stair: Francis Bacon, His Rise and Fall, Gollancz, 1976, Pan, 1977. Eagle, Roderick L. 'Dr Whitgift's Accounts of Francis and Anthony Bacon at Trinity', Cambridge', in Notes and Queries, CXCVII, pp179-80. Epstein, Joel J. Francis Bacon: A Political Biography, Ohio Univ. Press, 1977. Farrington, Benjamin. Francis Bacon: Philospher of Industrial Science, Lawrence and Wishart, 1951.

493 Farrington, Benjamin. 'The Humanism of Francis Bacon', in The Humanist, Septem ber 1957. Farrington, Benjamin. The Philosophy of Francis Bacon, Liverpool Univ. Press, 1964. Farrington, Benjamin. 'The Christianity of Francis Bacon', in Baconiana, 165, 1965, and 178, 1978. Farrington, Benjamin. 'The Mirror of the Mind in Shakespeare and Bacon', in Baconiana, 171, 1971. Farrington, Benjamin. 'Francis Bacon after his Fall', in Baconiana, 172, 1972. Fores, Michael. 'Francis Bacon and the Myth of Industrial Science', in History of Technology, VII, 1982, pp57-75. Fowler, T. Francis Bacon, Sampson Low, 1881. Gaukroger, Stephen. Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early Modern Philosophy, Cambridge, 2001. Horton, Mary. 'In Defence of Francis Bacon', in Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, IV, 1973, pp241-78. Jardine, Lisa. Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse, Cambridge, 1974. Jardine, Lisa and Alan Stewart, Hostage to Fortune: The Troubled Life of Francis Bacon, Gollancz, 1998, Phoenix, 1999. Knights, L.C. 'Bacon and the Seventeenth Century Dissociation of Sensibility', in Explorations (see above). Levy, F.J. 'Francis Bacon and the Style of Politics', in English Literary Renaissance, XVI, 1986, pp101-22. Martin, Julian. Francis Bacon, the State, and the Reform of Natural Philosophy, Cambridge, 1992. Luciani, Vincent. 'Bacon and Machiavelli', in Italica, XXIV, 1947, pp26-40. Mathew, David. Sir Tobie Mathew, Max Parrish, 1950. Mathews, Nieves. Francis Bacon, the History of a Character Assassination, Yale Univ. Press, 1996. McCreary, E.P. 'Bacon's Theory of the Imagination Reconsidered', in Huntington Library Quarterly, 36, 1973, pp317-26. McKnight, Stephen A. The Religious Foundation of Francis Bacon's Thought, University of Missouri Press, 2005. McLuhan, Marshall. 'Bacon: Ancient or Modern?' in Renaissance and Reformation, X, 1974, pp93-8. Park, Katherine. 'Bacon's Enchanted Glass', in Isis, LXXV, 1984, pp290-302. Peltonen, Markku, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Bacon, Cambridge, 1996. Pérez-Ramos, Antonio. Francis Bacon's Idea of Science, Oxford, 1988. Quinton, Anthony. Francis Bacon, Oxford, 1980. Rossi, Paolo. Francis Bacon: From Magic to Science, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968.

494 Steeves, G. Walter. Francis Bacon, Kessinger, 2003. Urbach, Peter. Francis Bacon's Philosophy of Science, Open Court, 1987. Vickers, Brian, ed. Essential Articles for the Study of Francis Bacon, Archon, 1968. Vickers, Brian. Francis Bacon and Renaissance Prose, Cambridge, 1968. Vickers, Brian. 'Francis Bacon's Use of Theatrical Imagery', in Studies in the Literary Imagination, IV, no. 1, 1971, pp189-226. Vickers, Brian. Francis Bacon, Longman, 1978. White, Howard B. Peace Among the Willows: The Political Philosophy of Francis Bacon, Martinus Nijhoff, 1968. Wormald, B.H.G. Francis Bacon: History, Politics and Science, Cambridge, 1993. Yates, Frances A. 'Bacon's Magic', in Yates, Frances A. Ideas and Ideals in the North European Renaissance, Routledge, 1984, pp61-6. Zagorin, Perez. Francis Bacon, Princeton Univ. Press, 1998.

8. Baconians, Sceptics And General Inquirers

On the negative case against William, Greenwood's first two books listed below are unsurpassed after a hundred years. The second, Is there a Shakespeare Problem?, is partly a reply to Robertson's The Baconian Heresy, which in turn was partly an attempted assault on The Shakespeare Problem Restated. Greenwood has great fun at Robertson's expense, mercilessly exposing his weak arguments and his flawed scholarship. Yet some orthodox critics still rely on Robertson's discredited case. Greenwood, however, refused to commit himself on the real author, merely stating that he believed there were many pens but one mastermind. The best modern negative case is Diana Price's (2001). The best general work on the authorship controversy which surveys the rival claimants is probably the book by Mitchell (1996). He is more sympathetic to the heretics than Gibson, whose book also contains many inaccuracies and misrepresentations. Schoenbaum includes a fairly comprehensive analysis of the main rival claims but, like most orthodox scholars, he misrepresents Bacon. The positive case for Bacon as the Shakespeare mastermind has not been altogether well served in literature over the years. There has been too much of a tendency to combine some sound research with much careless or inaccurate scholarship and too much of an obsession by many authors with frankly ludicruous cipher material. Both failings have unfortunately contributed to the unjustified derision often levelled at the Baconian theory. Cockburn in The Bacon-Shakespeare Question (1998) tries to revive it by thorough and

495 scrupulous scholarship: his subtitle of 'The Baconian theory made sane' mak es his intentions clear from the outset. I can only hope that I have contributed to his strategy and that at least some seeds of doubt and possibilities are sown. Most of the books below went out of print years ago, but Kessinger Publishing at http://www.kessinger.net/ has been reprinting many of them in A4 format.

Bacon, Delia. The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded, 1857; it can be downloaded for $2.69 at forhttp://www.ebookmall.com/ebook/157794- ebook.htm Batchelor, Crouch H. Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare, Banks, 1912, Kessi nger, 2003. Baxter, James Phinney. The Greatest of Literary Problems, Houghton Mifflin, 1915. Bayley, Harold. The Tragedy of Sir Francis Bacon, Grant Richards, 1902; part online at http://www.sirbacon.org/bayley.htm Bayley, Harold. The Shakespeare Symphony, Chapman and Hall, 1906, Kes singer, 2003. Begley, Walter. Is It Shakespeare?, John Murray, 1903. Begley, Walter. Bacon's Nova Resuscitatio, Gay and Bird, 1905, Kessinger, 2003. Bokenham, T.D. Brief History of the Bacon-Shakespeare Controversy, Francis Bacon Research Trust, 1982. Bompas, George. C. Problem of the Shakespeare Plays, Sampson Low, 1902, Ke ssinger, 2003. Booth, William Stone. Some Acrostic Signatures of Francis Bacon, Houghton Mifflin, 1909. Bormann, Edwin. The Shakespeare Secret, T.H. Wohlleben, 1895. Bridgewater, Howard. The Bacon-Shakespeare Controversy, Francis Bacon Society, 1927. Bridgewater, Howard. Evidence Connecting Sir Francis Bacon with "Shakespeare", George Lapworth, 1943. Campbell, Lord: Shakespeare's Legal Acquirements, 1859. Castl e, E. J. Shakespeare, Bacon, Jonson and Greene, Sampson Low, Marston & Co,1897, Kessinger, 1997. Cattell, Charles C. Did Bacon write Shakespeare?, Simpkin, Marshall & Co, 1888. Challinor, A.M. The Alternative Shakespeare, Book Guild, 1996. Churchill, R.C. Shakespeare and his Betters, Max Reinhardt, 1958. Clark e, Barry R. The Shakespeare Puzzle, Barry Clarke, 2006. Cockburn, Nigel B. The Bacon Shakespeare Question, Biddles, 1998.

496 Connes, Georges. The Shakespeare Mystery, Cecil Palmer, 1927, Kessinger, 2003. Dawkins, Peter. The Shakespeare Enigma, Polair Publishing, 2004. Dixon, W. Hepworth. The Personal History of Lord Bacon, John Murray, 1861. Dixon, Theron S.E. Francis Bacon and his Shakespeare, Sargent, 1895, Kissinger, 2003. Donnelly, Ignatius. The Great Cryptogram, Sampson Low, Marston, 1888, Kessinger, 2002. Dodd, Alfred. Francis Bacon's Personal Life Story, Rider, 1910, Kessinger, 1997. Dodd, Alfred. The Secret Shakespeare, Rider, 1941, Kessinger, 2003. Dodd, Alfred. The Personal Poems of Francis Bacon, Daily Post, 1945. Dodd, Alfred. The Martyrdom of Francis Bacon, Rider, 1946. Dodge, D.D. Shakespeare-Bacon, Wahlgreen, 1916. Driver, O.W. The Bacon-Shakespeare Mystery, Kraushar Press, 1960. Durning-Lawrence, Edwin. Bacon is Shake-Speare, Gay and Hancock, 1910, Kessinger, 2004. Eagle, Roderick L. New Views for Old, Rider, 1930. Eagle, R. Bacon or Shakespeare: A Guide to the Problem, Wadsworth, 1955. Eagle, R. The Secrets of the Shakespeare Sonnets, Mitre Press, 1965. Friedman, William and Elizabeth Friedman. The Shakespearean Ciphers Examined, Cambridge, 1957. Fuller, Jean O. Sir Francis Bacon, East-West Publications, 1981. Gallup, Elizabeth Wells. The Bi-literal Cypher of Sir Francis Bacon, Gay and Bird, 1901. Gerstenberg, Joachim. Bacon-Shakespeare for Beginners, Kalamakion Press, 1970. Greenwood, G. The Shakespeare Problem Restated, John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1908, Kessinger, 2003. Greenwood, G. Is There A Shakespeare Problem?, John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1916. Greenwood, G. Shakespeare's Law, Cecil Palmer, 1920 (see authorship websites below). Gibson, H.N. The Shakespeare Claimants, Methuen, 1962. Holmes, Nathaniel. The Authorship of Shakespeare, Hurd & Houghton, 1866. Johnson, Edward. The Shaksper Illusion, George Lapworth, 1947. Johnson, Edward. Shake-Spear, Francis Bacon Society, 1964. Johnson, Edward. The Shakespeare Quiz, Francis Bacon Society, 1964. Lang, Andrew. Shakespeare, Bacon and the Great Unknown, IndyPublish, 2001. Leary, Penn. The Second Cryptographic Shakespeare, Westchester, 2000; online at http://home.att.net/~mleary/

497 Marriott, E. Bacon or Shakespeare?—An Historical Enquiry, 2nd ed, with an appendix, Elliot Stock, 1898. Martin, Theodore. Shakespeare or Bacon?, reprinted from 'Blackwood's magazine', William Blackwood, 1888. Matus, Irvin, Leigh. 'The Case for Shakespeare', Atlantic Monthly, October 1991 at http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/shakes/matus.htm Matus, Irvin, Leigh. Shakespeare, In Fact, Continuum, 1994. McCrea, Scott. The Case for Shakespeare, Praeger, 2005. Melsome, W.S. The Bacon-Shakespeare Anatomy, George Lapworth, 1945, Ke ssinger, 2003. Mitchell, John. Who Wrote Shakespeare?, Thames and Hudson, 1996. Owen, Orville W. Francis Bacon's Cipher Story, Howard, 1894, Kessinger, 1997. Pares, Martin. Knights of the Helmet, Francis Bacon Society, 1961, 1964. Pott, Constance. Francis Bacon's Signatures in the Shakespeare Plays, Robert Banks, 1897. Pott, Constance. The Promus of Formularies and Elegancies, Longmans, 1883. Pott, Constance. Did Francis Bacon write Shakespeare?, Robert Banks, 1893. Pott, Constance. Francis Bacon and his Secret Society, Kessinger, 1997. Price, Diana: Shakespeare's Unorthodox Biography, Greenwood Press, 2001. Reed, Edwin. Bacon vs Shakspere, Service and Paton, 1899, Kessinger, 2003. Reed, Edwin. Francis Bacon and the Muse of Tragedy, George. H. Ellis, 1898. Reed, Edwin. Francis Bacon Our Shakespeare, Gay and Bird, 1902, Kessinger, 1997. Reed, Edwin. Bacon and Shakespeare–Parallelisms, Gay and Bird, 1902, Kessi nger, 1998. Robertson, J.M. The Baconian Heresy, A Confutation, Herbert Jenkins, 1913. Schoenbaum, S. Shakespeare's Lives, Oxford, 1991. Seibel, George. Bacon Versus Shakespeare, publisher unknown, 1919, Kessinger, 2003. Smedley, William T. The Mystery of Francis Bacon, Robert Banks, 1912. Smith, William Henry. Was Lord Bacon the Author of Shakespeare's Plays?, Woodfall and Kinder, 1856. Smithson, Edward Walter. Shakespeare-Bacon: An Essay, S. Sonnenschein, 1899. Stee l, Charles F. Is there any Resemblance between Shakespeare & Bacon?, Field & Tuer, 1888.

498 Stopes, C. The Bacon Shakspere Question, T. G. Johnson, 1888, Kessinger, 2003. Stotsenburg, John H. An Impartial Study of the Shakespeare Title, 1904, Kennikat, 1970, Kessinger, 2003. Theobald, Bertram G. Francis Bacon Concealed and Revealed, Cecil Palmer, 1930. Theobald, Bertram G. Exit Shakspere, Cecil Palmer, 1931. Theobald, Bertram G. Enter Francis Bacon, Cecil Palmer, 1932. Theobald, Robert M. Shakespeare Studies in Baconian Light, Sampson Low, 1901, Kessinger, 2003. Twain, Mark. Is Shakespeare Dead?, Harper, 1903, Kessinger, 2004, online at http://users.telerama.com/~joseph/shake.html Vickers, Brian. 'Why Not Shakespeare?' in Times Literary Supplement, 19th August 2005. Webb, Thomas E. The Mystery of William Shakespeare, Longmans, 1902. Wigston, W.F.C. Bacon, Shakespeare and the Rosicrucians, George Redway, 1888, Kessinger, 1997. Wigston, W.F.C. The Columbus of Literature, Kessinger, 2004. Wigston, W.F.C. Francis Bacon, Kegan Paul, 1891. Wilde, J.P. (Lord Penzance). The Bacon-Shakespeare Controversy: A Judicial Summing-Up, Sampson Low, 1902. Willis, William. The Shakespeare-Bacon Controversy, Inner Temple, 1902. Wilson, Ian. Shakespeare: The Evidence, Headline, 1993. Woodward, Parker. The Strange Case of Francis Tidir, Robert Banks, 1901. Woodward, Parker. Sir Francis Bacon—Poet, Philosopher, Grafton, 1920. Woodward, Parker. Francis Bacon's Cipher Signatures, Grafton, 1923. Young, Arthur M. The Shakespeare/Bacon Controversy, Robert Briggs, 1987.

9. Other Claimants

Oxford Allen, Percy. The Case for Edward de Vere as 'William Shakespeare', Cecil Palmer, 1930. Allen, Percy. The Oxford-Shakespeare Case Corroborated, Cecil Palmer, 1931. Amplett, H. Who was Shakespeare? A New Inquiry, Heinemann, 1955. Barrell, Charles W. Elizabethan Mystery Man, Gauthier, 1940. Bethell, Tom. 'The Case for Oxford', Atlantic Monthly, October 1991 at http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/shakes/beth.htm Clark, Eva Lee Turner. The Man Who Was Shakespeare, R.R. Smith, 1937.

499 Douglas, Montagu. Lord Oxford and the Shakespeare Group, Alden Press, 1952. Frisbee, George. Edward de Vere, a Great Elizabethan, Cecil Palmer, 1931. Holland, Hubert Henry. Shakespeare through Oxford Glasses, Cecil Palmer, 1923. Holmes, E. Discovering Shakespeare, Mycroft Books, 2000. Looney, J. Thomas. 'Shakespeare' Identified, Cecil Palmer, 1920, Kennikat, 1975. Ogb urn, Charlton. The Mysterious William Shakespeare, Dodd, Mead, 1984, EPM, 1992. Rend all, Gerald H. Shakespeare Sonnets and Edward de Vere, John Murray, 1930. Sammartino, Peter. The Man Who Was William Shakespeare, Cornwall Books, 1990. Sobran, Joseph. Alias Shakespeare, Free Press, 1997. Whalen, Richard, F. Shakespeare, Who Was He? Praeger, 1994.

Marlowe Hoffman, Calvin. The Murder of the Man Who Was Shakespeare, J. M essner, 1955. Rhys Williams, David. Shakespeare thy Name is Marlow, Philosophical Library, 1966. Wraight, A.D. The Story the Sonnets Tell, Adam Hart, 1994.

Derby Evans, A.J. Shakespeare's Magic Circle, Arthur Barker, 1956. LeFranc, Abel. Under the Mask of William Shakespeare, trans. Cecil Cragg, Merlin, 1988. A translation of Sous le Masque de 'William Shakespeare', Paris, 1919. Lucas, Richard M. Shakespeare's Vital Secret, Rydal Press, 1937. Titherley, A.W. Shakespeare's Identity, Warren, 1952. Zeigler, Wilbur G. It Was Marlowe: A Story of the Secret of three Centuries, Chicago, 1895.

Rutland Gililov, Ilya. The Shakespeare Game: The Mystery of the Great Phoenix, trans. by Gennady Bashkov et al., Agathon Press, 2003: an English translation of Gililov's book on Rutland.

500 Porohovshikov, P. S. Shakespeare Unmasked, Savoy, 1940, Arco, 1955. Sykes, Claud W. Alias William Shakespeare?, F. Aldor, 1947.

Neville James, Brenda and William D. Rubinstein. The Truth Will Out, Longman, 2005.

10. Authorship Websites There are many websites which discuss the authorship question, largely from a Stratfordian, Baconian, Oxfordian or Marlovian viewpoint. The indispensable Bacon site is 'Francis Bacon's New Advancement of Learning' at http://www.sirbacon.org/index.html

American Baconiana, at http://www.sirbacon.org/links/abaconi1.htm An Authorship Analysis, at http://fly.hiwaay.net/~paul/ Sir Francis Bacon, at http://yost.com/bacon/index.html Sir Francis Bacon's New Advancement of Learning, at http:// www.sirbacon.org/toc.html Sir Francis Bacon, at http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/bacon/ index.html Francis Bacon, at http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/ Philosophy/Bacon.htm Francis Bacon Research Trust: www.fbrt.org.uk Francis Bacon Society, at http://www.sirbacon.org/links/bmembership.htm Bacon, Francis. Apologie: http://fly.hiwaay.net/~paul/bacon/misc/ apology.html Bacon, Francis. Northumberland Manuscript: http://www.sirbacon.org/ links/northumberland.html Bacon, Francis. Northumberland Manuscript: http://home.att.net/~tleary/ northclb.htm Bacon is Shakespeare, at http://home.att.net/~tleary/ Baker, John. Marlowe/Shakespeare, at http://www2.localaccess.com/ marlowe/default2.htm Beginner's Guide to the Shakespeare Authorship Problem at http://www. shakespeare-oxford.com/guide.htm Campbell, John. Shakespeare's Legal Acquirements (1859): http://www. sourcetext.com/lawlibrary/campbell/00.htm Chronology Related to Francis Bacon's Life, at ahttp://www.sirbacon.org/ links/chronos.html

501 Dawkins. Peter. Francis Bacon and the Shakespeare Plays (1999): http:// www.sirbacon.org/fbsplays.htm Derby, Earl of. The Url of Derby, at http://www.rahul.net/raithel/Derby/ willStanley.html?26,20 De Vere Society, at http://www.deveresociety.co.uk/ Dodd, Alfred. The Martyrdom of Francis Bacon (1946): http:// www.sirbacon.org/links/martyrdom.htm Dupuy, Paul, Jnr. An Authorship Analysis: http://fly.hiwaay.net/~paul/ outline.html Eagle, R. New Views for Old (1930), at http://www.sirbacon.org/ eaglenewview4sold.htm Ellis, Walter: The Shakespeare Myth (1946): http://www.sirbacon.org/ shakes pearemyth.htm The First Baconian, at http://www.sirbacon.org/firstbaconian.htm Fuller, Jean Overton: Sir Francis Bacon, at http://www.sirbacon.org/ jofbook.htm The Greatest Baconian (Mark Twain), at http://www.sirbacon.org/mgreates tbaconian.htm Greenwood, G. Shakespeare's Law (1920): http://www.sourcetext.com/ lawlibrary/greenwood/sl/00.htm Hamlet: A Tragedy of Errors, at http://www.geocities.com/ shakesp_marlowe / H arner, Jerome. Why I'm not An Oxfordian, at http://www.sirbacon.org/ harneroxford.htm In Search of the Re al Bard, at http://www.ianchadwick.com/essays/ bard.html Johnson, Edward. Bacon's Promus: http://www.sirbacon.org/links/ notebook.html Kathman, Dave. Dating The Tempest, at http://shakespeareauthorship.com/ tempest.html Love's Labour's Lost, at http://www.shakespearefellowship.org/ virtualclassroom/stateofdebate/LovesLaboursLost.htm The Marlowe Society at http://www.marlowe-society.org/ Online Shakespeare, at http://www.onlineshakespeare.com/whowrote.htm Pares, Martin. T he Noirthumberland Manuscript, at http://home.att.net/ ~tleary/northclb.htm P ares, Martin. Knights of the Helmet (1964): http://www.sirbacon.org/ knightmp.htm The Place2 Be, at http://www.geocities.com/At hens/Troy/4081/ Sceptics.html Rushton, William. Shakespeare a Lawyer (1858): http:// www.sourcetext.com/lawlibrary/rushton/00.htm

502 The Shakespeare Allonym at http://www.dlroper.shakespearians.com/ shakespeare's_allonym_1.htm Shakespeare Authorship Debate, at http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/ authorship/authorship.htm Shakespeare Authorship FAQ at http://www.shakespeare-oxford.com/ faqfina3.htm Shakespeare Authorship Mystery, at http://www.shakespeareidentity.co.uk/ index.html Shakespeare Authorship Page (pro-William) at http:// shakespeareauthorship.com/ Shakespeare Authorship Pages, at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ahnelson/ authorsh.html Shakespeare Authorship Problems, at http://www.natlantis.com/ The Shakespeare Authorship Question, at http://members.aol.com/ basfawlty/shaksumm.htm Shakespeare Authorship Roundtable, at http:// www.shakespeareauthorship.org/Forum%20and%20Bibliography/ Forum%20and%20Bibliography.htm Shakespeare Authorship Sourcebook, at http://www.sourcetext.com/ sourcebook/ Shakespearean_authorship, at http://copernicus.subdomain.de/ Shakespearean _authorship The Shakespeare Fellowship, at http://www.shakespearefellowship.org/ Shakespeare Oxford Society, at http://www.shakespeare-oxford.com/ William Shakespeare Identity, at http://www.william-shakespeare.info/ william-shakespeare-identity-problem.htm The Shakespeare Identity Problem, at http://home.eol.ca/~cumulus/ Shakespeare/index.htm The Shakespeare Mystery, at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/ shakespeare /debates/ogburnarticle.html The Shakespeare Myth, at http://www.sirbacon.org/shakespearemyth.htm The Shakespeare Question, at http://www.princeton.edu/~rbivens/ shakespeare/ Shakespeare's Unorthodox Biography, at http://www.shakespeare- authorship.com/default.asp Smedley, William T. The Mystery of Francis Bacon (1910): http:// home.att.net/~tleary/mysterfb.htm Spedding, James. Introduction to Gesta Grayorum: http://fly.hiwaay.net/ ~paul/bacon/devices/gestaintro.html The Story of the Learned Pig, at http://www.sirbacon.org/ learnedpigbook.htm Summary of Baconian Evidence, at http://www.sirbacon.org/links/ evidence.htm

503 Walker, Mather. The Secret of the Shakespeare Plays, at http:// www.sirbacon.org/mwbook.html White, Richard Grant. William Shakespeare: Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chancery (1859): http://www.sourcetext.com/lawlibrary/grant_white/ 00.htm Who was Shakespeare? at http://members.aol.com/soren/shak1.htm Further texts on Shakespeare's legal knowledge are at: www.sourcetext.com/ lawlibrary/

1 1. Other Works Cited In The Text Bullock, Alan. The Humanist Tradition in the West, Thames and Hudson, 1985. Chaplin, Charles. My Autobiography, Bodley Head, 1964. Grayling, A.C. What is Good?, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003, Phoenix, 2004. McCrum, Robert, William Cran and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English, Viking, 1986. Walter, Nicolas. Humanism: What's in the Word, RPA, 1997.

504 Index

Actors, social position of, 31-32 Bacon, Anne, 156, 157 Ackroyd, Peter, 299, 304, 441, Bacon, Anthony, 142-143, 150, 463-4 155, 157, 197, 253, 309, 375, 402, The Advancement of Learning, 147, 451 164, 174, 178, 179, 180-182, 184- Bacon, Delia, 59-60 185, 189-190, 191, 197, 242, 261, Bacon, Francis, 156-177 (life), 262, 264, 267, 268, 270, 275, 296, 178-195 (attitude to poetry and 299-300, 331-332, 334, 335-336, drama), 249-256 (character), 340, 345, 347, 359, 360, 363, 365, 256-266 (intellectual interests), 370, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 385- 267-453 (ideas and philosophy), 386, 387, 410, 428, 434, 437, 444, 368-391 (style) 446 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 156, 253 Advertisement Touching an Holy Baines, Richard, 122 War, 310, 312, 313 Barnham, Alice, 172 Akrigg, G.P.V., 109 Barton, Anne, 357-358, 368-370, Alleyn, Edward, 19, 98 374, 380, 385, 386-387 All’s Well that Ends Well, 304, 341 Bate, Jonathan, 39, 54-55, 59, 125, Amleth, 399, 417 438-439, 440 Anagrams and Ciphers, 238-242 Baxter, J., 374 Antony and Cleopatra, 83, 170, 171, Beaumont, Francis, 210, 231 296-297, 357, 450 Belleforest, François de, 67, 399- Apology, 168, 170, 171, 186, 273 400, 401, 414 Arden, Mary, 90 Bible, The, 302-303, 429-432 Argument from Character, 246-266 Blake, William, 298 Argument from Ideas, 267-282, Bodley, Thomas, 159 317-367, 418-437 Bloom, Allan, 273, 293 Argument from Love, 283-297 Bloom, Harold, 9, 87, 272, 347, Argument from Religion, 298-316 439 Argument from Style, 368-391 Borges, Jorge, Luis, 422, 440 Arnold, Matthew, 282 Brown, Ivor, 152-153, 170, 172 As You Like It, 33, 66, 76, 77, 82, Burbage, Richard, 99, 110 85, 97, 125, 126, 290-291, 312, Burgess, Anthony, 81 339, 372, 436 Burghley, Lord, 133, 152, 156, Asquith, Clare, 306, 307 157, 159, 172, 221, 250, 345, 401, Attorney’s Academy, 244 402, 403-407, 450 Aubrey, John, 93-94, 176, 186 Bushell Thomas, 254

505 Bust, The Stratford, 104-108 361, 450 Cowell, James Corton, 56-57 Caius, John, 71, 157, 176, 450 Craig, Leon H., 272 Calderwood, James, 387-388, 390- Craik, G.L., 261-262 391 Crawford, Charles, 230-231 Cambridge, 120, 157, 205, 396, Crowther, J.G., 252, 254 398, 399, 450 Cymbeline, 81, 83, 172, 316 Camden, William, 101, 128, 247 Campbell, Lord, 72 Daiches, D., 349 Captain Goulding, 55 Danby, John, 275, 362 Castle, E.J., 72 Davenant, Sir William, 109 Cecil, Robert, 172, 259, 401, 404, Davies, John, of Hereford, 51-52, 407 198, 201-202, 221, 450 Cecil, Thomas, 403-404 Davies, Sir John, 186, 199, 250 Chambers, E.K., 79, 128, 404 Davies, Richard, 95 Chaplin, Charles, 12, 78, 79, 444 De Augmentis, 182, 185, 191, 237, Chapman, George, 221 244, 269, 302, 316, 371, 402, 410, Chettle, Henry, 39, 41, 146, 148, 437 149 Declaration, 168 Church, R.W., 224, 249, 252, 255, De Fluxu et Refluxu Maris, 269, 257 409 Clarke, Mary Cowden, 71 Descriptio Globi Intellectualis, 276 Cockburn, N.B., 201, 220, 227-228, Dekker, Thomas, 146, 207, 374 268, 426 De Quincey, Thomas, 368 Cogita et Visa, 159 Derby, Earl of, 127-132, 143, 155, Cogitationes de Natura Rerum, 269, 452 408, 451 Dick, H.C., 277 Coke, Sir Edward, 259 Digges, Leonard, 104 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 65, 84, Discoveries, 212-216 368, 376, 415, 416 Donnelly, Ignatius, 268 Collins, Churton, 79 Dowdall, John, 103 Condell, Henry, 99 Drayton, Michael, 16, 130 The Comedy of Errors, 82, 124, Droeshout Engraving, 23-26 161-164, 166, 279, 302 Drummond’s Notes, 210-211 A Conference of Pleasure, 284 Dugdale, Sir William, 105-106 Considerations Touching a War Durning-Lawrence, Sir Edwin, 223, with Spain, 351 243-248 Controversies of the Church of England, 301 Eliot, T.S., 416 Coriolanus , 80, 170, 316, 357, 360, Ellis-Fermor, Una, 352-353, 365

506 Elze, Karl, 442 Frizer, Ingram, 121-123 Elizabeth I, 136, 156, 166, 168, 177, Fuller, Jean Overton, 247, 448 186, 237, 251, 252, 253, 254, 306, Frye, Northrop, 274 315, 316, 352, 355, 356, 400-401, Frye, R.M., 299 402, 406 Emblems, 242-248 Garrick, David, 90 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 60-61, 86, Gesta Danorum, 399 422 Gesta Grayorum, 160-164, 218, 222 Empson, William, 307 Gibson, H.N., 121, 122-123, 197, Erasmus, Desiderius, 223, 310, 315, 201, 204, 206, 219, 220, 224 325-327, 337 Goddard, Harold, 350 Essay Against Too Much Reading, Goethe, 415, 422 55 Gorges, Sir Arthur, 251 Essays (Francis Bacon), 219, 229, The Great Assizes, 53-54 249, 267, 277, 278, 283, 284, 294, The Great Instauration, 188, 270, 298, 300, 307, 311, 333, 334, 336, 300, 330-331 342, 343, 348, 351, 358, 359, 360, Grebanier, Bernard D., 338 361, 364, 365, 368, 370, 372, 376, Greenblatt, Stephen, 99, 108, 112, 381, 416, 417, 436, 443, 446 304, 305-306, 441 Essex, Earl of, 158, 161, 165, 166- Greene, Robert, 27, 39-42, 76, 97, 170, 171, 186, 237, 250, 252, 253, 112, 134, 160, 394, 432 254, 259, 283, 315, 316, 352, 355, Greenwood, Sir George, 24, 62-63, 356, 361, 362, 397, 401, 407, 450, 68, 74, 103, 110, 145 451 Groats-worth of Wit, 39-42 Every Man Out Of His Humour, 207, Greer, Germaine, 273, 465-466 231 Hales v Petit, 74-75, 411 Farrington, Benjamin, 257, 301, 335 Haliwell-Phillipps, O., 14, 92, 145 Falstaff, William, 111-113 Hall, Joseph, 46-48, 202-206, 499 Fenner, George, 128, 129 Hall (Shakspere), Susanna, 99, 305 French, George Russell, 403-404 Hallam, Henry, 257 First Folio, 22-23, 108, 132, 156, Hamlet, 67, 75-76, 82, 83, 85, 141, 174, 175, 182, 201, 207, 211-213, 142, 145, 149, 160, 161, 170, 171, 238, 242, 244, 245, 306, 397, 410, 203, 250, 269, 278, 279, 306, 307, 418, 445, 450, 451 337-338, 339, 341-342, 381, 390, Fischer, K., 339-340 394-417, 450 Fletcher, John 231 Hardwicke, Sir Cedric, 78 Florio, John, 45-46, 131, 152, 176, Harley, Lord, 223 273, 427 Hart, Joseph, 58-59 Fowler, T., 281, 334 Harvey, Gabriel, 31, 112, 139, 397

507 Harvey, William, 153 Jaffa, Harry, 357-358 Hathaway, Anne, 93, 99, 465-466 James, D.G., 262, 380 Haywarde, John, 168 James, Henry, 64 Hazlitt, William, 80, 186, 260, 344, James 1, 254, 315, 344, 348, 358, 357, 368, 374, 389, 415, 449 400-401 Hemynges, John, 99 Jansen, Geraert, 105 Henry IV, Pt 1, 111, 112, 229, 273, Janis, Irving, 443 278, 350-351, 352, 362, 366, 388, Johnson, Samuel, 77, 339, 405 410, 451 Johnston, Arthur, 374 Henry IV, Pt 2, 70, 273, 308, 314, Jonson, Ben, 15, 24, 30, 31, 34, 52- 388 53, 65, 66, 84-85, 91, 96, 97, 104, Henry V, 124, 145, 241-242, 292- 105, 107, 113, 132, 146, 157, 174, 293, 314 187, 206-216, 231, 244, 255, 256, Henry VI, Pts 1,2, 3, 67, 85, 112, 259, 306, 339, 391, 417, 449, 450 124, 145, 158, 313-314, 362 Julius Caesar, 124, 148, 170, 292- Henry VIII, 79, 141, 148, 172, 173 293, 306, 341, 357, 361, 362, 363, 306, 308, 315, 451 369, 372, 373, 388-389 Henslowe, Philip, 19, 144,-148, 396-397 Keats, John, 191, 264, 282, 440 Herbert, George, 300 Kermode, Frank, 162, 288, 305, Heywood, Thomas, 148 425 Hilliard, Nicholas, 249, 413, 416 King John, 306, 308, 349, 362, 372 Historia Naturalis, 258 King Lear, 71, 82, 141, 145, 170, Histoires Tragiques, 67, 399 201, 228, 275, 279, 304, 311, 341, The History of the Raigne of Henry 356, 362, 366, 375-376, 390, 410 VII, 256, 343, 370 Knight, Charles, 261 History of the Winds, 186-192 Knight, G. Wilson, 148, 275, 291, Hoffman, Calvin, 122 346, 421, 439 Holden, Anthony, 94, 304 Knights L.C., 178, 179, 282, 340, Holinshed’s Chronicles, 354 352, 368, 370, 380, 386 Holmes, Nathaniel, 72 Kyd, Thomas, 122, 395-396, 400 Honan, Park, 92, 94, 109, 222, 304 Honigmann, E.A.J., 304 Lamb, Charles, 82, 415 Hotson, Leslie, 121 Lawlor, J., 279 Huxley, Aldous, 316 Lawrence, Herbert, 55 Learned Pig, The, 57-58 Lee, Sir Sidney, 18, 72, 81, 91, 95, Idols, 189-191, 265-266, 433 112, 145, 197 Ingersoll, Robert, 299 Leicester, Earl of, 156, 218, 401 The Isle of Dogs, 155, 218, 220 Lenten Stuff, 220

508 Levin, Bernard, 69-70 250, 255, 374-375, 379-380, 416, Levin, H., 339 449 Lewis, C.S., 368 Maurier, Daphne Du, 143, 252 The Life and Adventures of Common Measure for Measure, 66, 81, 148- Sense, 55-56 149, 280, 291-292, 302, 337, 339, Lodge, Thomas, 86, 397 344, 346-348, 351, 367 Lopez, Roderigo, 176 Melsome, W.S., 268 A Lover’s Complaint, 220 Mendenhall, Thomas, 125, 375 Love’s Labour’s Lost, 67, 81, 131, The Merchant of Venice, 201, 280, 143, 148, 151, 158, 164, 166, 176, 288-289, 290, 291, 302, 309, 342 213, 221, 222, 223, 229, 239-240, Meres, Francis, 66, 124, 134, 137, 242, 245, 285, 286, 344, 369, 372, 149, 152, 202, 208, 450 386-387, 450, 451 The Merry Wives of Windsor, 71, Lytton, Bulwer, 261, 377 81, 157, 228, 450 Metamorphosis of Pigmalion’s Macaulay, Lord, 251, 255, 258, 261, Image, 48-49, 202-206 301, 445 A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 66, Macbeth, 81, 141, 170, 302-303, 82, 127, 166, 201, 280, 286-288, 344, 349, 356, 381, 383, 384 290, 304, 344, 389, 409, 446 Machiavelli, 282, 310, 325-326, Milton, John, 165, 187, 316, 448 335, 349-351, 357, 362 Minerva Britanna, 233, 243 Mack, Maynard, 413 McCanless, M., 385 Mahood, M.M., 386, 390 Monstrelet’s Chronicles, 67 Maistre, Joseph De, 298 Montaigne, 51, 209, 273, 325, 328- Mallet, David, 259, 375 329, 337, 427 Malone, Edmond, 71-72, 124, 305, Montgomery, Earl of, 79, 108, 174 426 More, Sir Thomas, 28, 212, 253, Manes Verulamiani, 155, 187-188 329-330, 354, 365 Manningham, John, 67, 110 Much Ado About Nothing, 289-290, Marlowe, Christopher, 121-126, 372 231, 310, 375, 402, 452 Muir, Kenneth, 283, 382, 411 The Marriage of the River Thames Murray, John Middleton, 437 and the Rhine, 447 Marston, John, 48-51, 132, 202- Nashe, Thomas, 31, 41, 139, 155, 206, 207, 449 160, 203, 220, 222, 370, 374, 394- Marx, Steven, 314-316, 418, 430- 396, 398, 411, 432, 449, 450 431 Neville, Henry, 221, 452 Masculine Birth of Time, 183, 364 New Atlantis, 155, 258, 300, 370 Mathews, Nieves, 254 Northumberland Manuscript, 202, Matthew, Sir Tobie, 112, 196-201, 217-223, 232

509 Novum Organum, 182, 260, 263, Raleigh (or Ralegh), Sir Walter, 264, 265, 266, 275, 277, 282, 299, 108, 212, 310, 344 386, 433 The Rape of Lucrece, 49, 79, 108, 130, 135, 149, 152, 164, 204, 208, 223, 398, 450 Othello, 21, 81, 170, 267, 295-296, Ratseyes Ghost, 43-44, 449 312, 315, 316, 340, 381, 390 Ravenscroft, Edward, 54-55 Oxford, Earl of, 127, 133-142, 143, Rawley, William, 156, 174, 187, 149, 150, 155, 237, 401, 452 255, 259, 375, 446 Reed, Edwin, 268, 407 Palladis Tamia, 66, 124, 149, 152 Reese, M.M., 373, 442 Passionate Pilgrim, The, 18, 125, The Refutation of Philosophies, 249, 152 331 Peacham, Henry, 134, 137, 243 Renaissance Humanism, 317-342 Peltonen, Markku, 343 The Return from Parnassus, 42-47, Pembroke, Earl of, 79, 108, 174 449 Penzance, Lord, 73 Richard II, 32, 33, 167, 168, 169, Perez, Antonio, 151, 176 170, 218, 220, 221, 222, 229, 308, Percy, Henry, 151 354-355, 356, 357, 362, 372, 376, Pericles, 83, 421 382, 388, 406 Pettet, E.C., 291 Richard III, 22, 111, 221, 222, 227, Phaethon to his Friend Florio, 45- 229, 311, 362, 451 46, 450 Robertson, J.M., 74, 269, 372 Poet Ape, 52-53 The Romance of Yachting, 57-58 Poetaster, 207-209 Romeo and Juliet, 124, 162, 207, Polimenteia, 71 227-228, 229, 283, 293-294, 306, Pope, Alexander, 81, 106 308, 351, 381, 382 Popper, Karl, 265, 332 Rowe, Nicholas, 91, 95, 96, 109 Pott, Constance, 224-225 Rowse, A.L., 170-171, 172, 207, Pound, Ezra, 376 305, 403, 442, 445, 450 Powell, Enoch, 344 Rushton, William, 72, 413 Powell, Thomas, 244 Russell, Bertrand, 265, 332 Proem to The Great Instauration, 330 Sacred Meditations, 335 Proem to The Interpretation of Santayana, George, 299 Nature, 345 Saxo Grammaticus, 399, 401, 405 Psalm 1, 447-448 Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 194-195 Psalm 104, 448, 454 Schoenbaum, S., 344, 355 Puttenham, George, 27, 29, 134, Schweitzer, Albert, 257 136, 157, 432, 449 The Scourge of Villanie, 49-50, 204- 205

510 Sea Venture, 120, 423-426 The Taming of the Shrew, 82, 145, Sewell, Elizabeth, 185-186, 274- 166, 302, 314 275 The Tempest, 7-11, 65, 68, 76, 79, The Shadow of Night, 221, 453 81, 83, 85, 87, 141, 149, 172 173, Shakspere, Edmund, 93 185, 286, 303, 316, 338, 341, 346, Shakspere, Gilbert, 93 351, 413, 418-437, 450 Shakspere, John, 93, 305 Tenison, Thomas, 199, 244, 256- Shakspere, Richard, 93 257 Shakspere, Susanna, see Hall Tennyson, Alfred, 283 Shakspere, William, 89-113, 421, Terence, 28, 51-52 453 Theobald, R.M., 292 Shapiro, James, 314-315, 350 Timon of Athens, 70, 175, 389 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 186, 261, Titus Andronicus, 70, 145, 205, 228, 368, 374, 376, 380, 384-385 314 Sidney, Sir Philip, 29, 129, 149, Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 364 160, 180, 189212, 310, 378 Tillyard, E.M.W., 353-354 Sonnets, 108, 149-154, 240-241, Troilus and Cressida, 21, 85, 145- 283, 417 148, 170, 267, 278, 294-295, 315, Southampton, Earl of, 79, 105, 108, 352, 360 135, 150, 151, 152, 153, 161, 164, Twain, Mark, 16, 62-64, 105 167, 171, 174, 176, 355, 403, 450 Twelfth Night, 67, 81, 111, 205, Southampton, Countess (Elizabeth), 280, 290, 308, 372 111 The Two Gentlemen of Verona, 68, Southampton, Countess (Mary), 166, 185, 267, 279-280, 286 152, 153 Tuve, Rosemond, 380 Spedding, James, 162, 165, 166, 219, 223, 224, 237, 250, 261, 445- Upton, John, 65 446 Urbach, Peter, 265 Spenser, Edmund, 28, 29, 108, 127, 129, 130, 134, 138, 256 Spurgeon, Caroline, 377, 381 Valerius Terminus, 378, 379, 428, Stephens, J., 378 431 Stigma of Print, 30 Venus and Adonis, 27, 49, 77, 79, Still, Colin, 303, 420 108, 130, 135, 149, 152, 157, 164, Stopes, Charlotte, 106 189, 204, 208, 209, 306, 397-398, Stotsenburg, John, 19, 144-148 417, 448, 449, 450 Strachey, Lyttton, 251, 252 Vickers, Brian, 260, 368, 374, 377, Strachey, William, 423-426, 450 380, 382, 384 Swinburne, A.C., 83, 85, 250, 398 Virgidemiae, 46-48, 202-203 Sylva Sylvanum, 203 Volpone, 209-210

511 Ward, Rev John, 93, 106, 135 Wilders, John, 278, 365 Walsingham, Francis, 121, 237, Wilmot, Rev James, 13, 14, 56-57, 401, 402 449 Walsingham, Thomas, 121, 122- Wilson, Ian, 304 124, 402 Wilson, Richard, 304 Walton, Izaak, 257 A Winter’s Tale, 68, 77, 81, 83, Webb, Thomas, 73 172, 210, 277, 292, 382, 409, 418 Wells, Robin Headlam, 337, 361- The Wisdom of the Ancients, 180, 362 183-185, 251, 274, 275, 290, 294, Wells, Stanley, 434 359, 376, 437, 428-429 What You Will, 50-51 Wither, George, 53-54 Whitgift, John, 157 Wits Recreation, 54 Whitman, Walt, 61-62 Wood, Michael, 304, 305 White, Howard, B., 298 Wormald, B.H.G., 333 White, Richard Grant, 72, 395 Willey, Basil, 271 Zagorin, Perez, 332-333, 343, 359 Willobie His Avisa, 44-45 Zeigler, Wilbur, Gleason, 121

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A North Cork Anthology, by Jack Lane and Brendan Clifford Spotlights On Irish History, by Brendan Clifford The Cork Free Press by Brendan Clifford Piarais Feiritéir: Dánta/Poems, with translations by Pat Muldowney Elizabeth Bowen: “Notes On Eire”. Her espionage reports to Winston Churchill Thomas Davis, by Charles Gavan Duffy Extracts from The Nation, 1842-44 Na h-Aislingí—vision poems of Eoghan Ruadh O’Súilleabháin translated by Pat Muldowney Aubane versus Oxford: a response to Professor Roy Foster and Bernard O’Donoghue The Burning of Cork; an eyewitness account by Alan J. Ellis With Michael Collins in the fight for Irish Independence by Batt O’Connor TD Michael Collins: some documents in his own hand. Introduced by Brian P. Murphy An Answer to Revisionists. Eamon O Cuiv and others A Narrative History of Ireland/Stair Sheanchas Éireann by Mícheál Ó Siochfhradha James Connolly Re-Assessed: the Irish and European Dimension by Manus O’Riordan Six Days of the Irish Republic (1916) and other items by L. G. Redmond-Howard Envoi—taking leave of Roy Foster by Brendan Clifford, David Alvey, Julianne Herlihy, Brian P. Murphy The Origins and Organisation of British Propaganda in Ireland 1920 by Brian P. Murphy OSB Was 1916 A Crime: A debate from Village magazine The Pearson Executions in Co. Offaly by Pat Muldowney Seán O’Hegarty, O/C 1st Cork Brigade IRA by Kevin Girvin Fianna Fail and the Decline of the Free State by B. Clifford Myths from Easter 1916 by Eoin Neeson

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The Life And Poems Of Thomas Moore by Brendan Clifford. A biography of the author of the well-known Irish Melodies, of the lesser known erotic verse of “Thomas Little” (which was denounced by the Edinburgh Review as the most insidious pornography of the age), of the first and best Life Of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, and of the Memoirs Of Captain Rock (which defended Irish “agrarian terrorism” to the British establishment), along with a selection of his poems Thomas Moore: Political And Historical Writings On Irish And British Affairs. Extracts from works on Lord Edward/ Whiteboys/ Byron / Sheridan/ Whig Politics/ Irish History/ Religion. Introduction by Brendan Clifford The Dubliner: The Lives, Times And Writings Of James Clarence Mangan by Brendan Clifford. The German, Oriental and Irish prose and verse of Mangan; with account of his Young Ireland associates, particularly Charles Gavan Duffy; and description of free literary life of Dublin during the half-century between the abolition of the Protestant Ascendancy in 1800 and establishment of Catholic Ascendancy by Cardinal Cullen around 1850. Contains tribute to Dennis Dennehy Bolg an Tsolair/ Gaelic Magazine, 1795 by Patrick Lynch, Charlotte Brooke and Others. Reprint of United Irish magazine, with substantial profiles of P. Lynch and C. Brooke by Brendan Clifford & Pat Muldowney Memoirs Of William Sampson, with A Brief Review Of Irish History (1807). Edited by Kenneth Robinson Billy Bluff And The Squire (A Satire On Irish Aristocracy) And Other Writings By Rev. James Porter, Who was Hanged In The Course Of The United Irish Rebellion Of 1798. Edited & Introduced by B. Clifford. Billy Bluff, the only piece of United Irish literature which was kept continuously in print from its original publication to the present century, is given in full in this collection, along with Wind And Weather, a satirical sermon On The Late Providential Storm Which Dispersed The French Fleet Off Bantry Bay; the Letters To Lord Downshire, published in The Northern Star in 1796-7; a transcript of the official record of Porter’s trial by Courtmartial; and a selection of songs from Paddy’s Resource

514 Scripture Politics, Selections From The Writings Of Rev. William Steel Dickson, The Most Influential United Irishman Of The North. Selected and Introduced by Brendan Clifford. This selection includes extracts from his Narrative Of Confinement And Exile (1812); his writing on the American War (1778); his Sermon On The Propriety And Advantages Of Acquiring The Knowledge And Use Of Arms (1779); Scripture Politics (1793); Retractions (1813), produced in the course of his dispute with the leaders of the Synod of Ulster; and Last Sermons (1817) Thomas Russell And Belfast by Brendan Clifford. An account of Belfast life in the 18th century, and of the soldier from Munster (“The man From God Knows Where”), who played a leading part in its politics in the United Irish period. Includes Russell’s Letter To The People Of Ireland (1796), unpublished extracts from his Jotter, and parts of his Lion Of Old England satire, from the United Irish paper, The Northern Star. Second Edition, revised and extended, includes previously unpublished material from the Corres-pondence between William Drennan, who is sometimes described as the founder of the United Irishmen, and his sister Martha M’Tier, concerning the consequences of Russell’s participation in Robert Emmet’s Rebellion; and also a Gaelic Elegy, published in Belfast, on Russell’s earliest colleague there, Dr. James MacDonnell of the Glens The Contention Of The Poets, an essay in Irish intellectual history, by John Minahane Charles Gavan Duffy: Conversations With Carlyle. Reprint of the classic of 1892. With Introduction: Stray Thoughts On Young Ireland by Brendan Clifford Thomas Davis by Charles Gavan Duffy. Reprint of classic biography of 1890; With extract from Duffy’s autobiography. Introduction by Brendan Clifford The Origin Of Irish Catholic-Nationalism, Selections From Walter Cox’s Irish Magazine: 1807-1815. Introduced and Edited by Brendan Clifford Albrecht Haushofer: Moabite Sonnets (1944-45), with an English translation. Introduction by Angela Clifford: The Haushofers, Geopolitics And The Second World War Ladislav Novomesky: Slovak Spring. Translation of a selection of his poems and essays, 1923-1971. With a Review of his Literary and Political life by John Minahane: Laco Novomesky In The 20th Century LabyrinthScripture Politics, Selections From The Writings Of Rev. William Steel Dickson, The Most Influential United Irishman Of The

515 North. Selected and Introduced by Brendan Clifford. This selection includes extracts from his Narrative Of Confinement And Exile (1812); his writing on the American War (1778); his Sermon On The Propriety And Advantages Of Acquiring The Knowledge And Use Of Arms (1779); Scripture Politics (1793); Retractions (1813), produced in the course of his dispute with the leaders of the Synod of Ulster; and Last Sermons (1817) A Story Of The Armada by Captain Francisco De Cuellar, Joe Keenan and others. Captain de Cuellar’s narrative of his adventures in Connacht and Ulster after the wrecking of a ship of the Spanish Armada in Sligo. Edited by Brendan Clifford, with additional material by Joe Keenan, Madawc Williams, Pope Sixtus the Fifth and Admiral Monson About Behaving Normally In Abnormal Circumstances, Essays Marking The Author’s 75th Birthday by Desmond Fennell Desmond Fennell: The Revision Of European History

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