Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 11, No. 1; 2018 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Is The Natural Step’s Theory about Sustainability Still Sustainable? A Theoretical Review and Critique Joshua D. Nathan1 1 Organizational Learning, Performance and Change Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Correspondence: Joshua D. Nathan, 8500 E. Jefferson Avenue #6F, Denver, CO, USA Tel: 1-303-358-7864. E-mail:
[email protected] Received: December 11, 2017 Accepted: December 19, 2017 Online Published: January 30, 2018 doi:10.5539/jsd.v11n1p125 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n1p125 Abstract With sustainability initiatives attracting quality employees, many businesses concentrate more on their ecological imprint than on sustaining their human capital. Theories such as Karl-Henrik Robèrt’s The Natural Step (1997, 2000, 2002) prize a balance with the environment above one with people. Yet, an increasingly ageing workforce with increasingly common chronic diseases has led corporations to hemorrhage money—from direct costs because of absenteeism to indirect costs because of decreased productivity. Although eligible in many countries for accommodations, many chronically ill employees choose not to self-disclose, instead, masking their illnesses from employers. Questioning the sustainability of The Natural Step (TNS) from this perspective, this paper also critiques TNS’ evolution as a theoretical construct through the lens offered by the General Method of Theory Building in Applied Disciplines. Keywords: backcasting, chronic illness, framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD), strategic planning, social sustainability, sustainability principles, system conditions, The Natural Step (TNS), theory building in applied disciplines, workplace wellness 1.