Evidence on Redistribution and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia
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Rural Poverty in Ethiopia
Rural poverty in Ethiopia Source: IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) Location: http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/web/guest/country/home/tags/ethiopia An agrarian society in a land of drought In one of the world’s poorest countries, where about 44 per cent of the population lives under the poverty line, more than 12 million people are chronically or at least periodically food insecure. Most of them live in rural areas. More than eight out of ten Ethiopians depend on agriculture as their main livelihood. But agricultural production is extremely vulnerable both to climatic conditions and to the disruptive impact of war and civil conflict. The increased incidence and severity of drought have caused major fluctuations in agricultural and economic growth. The persistent lack of rainfall is a major factor in rural poverty. Recurring droughts leave poor farming families without food crops, causing periodic famines. People lack coping mechanisms for facing drought-induced famines, and contingency planning is inadequate. The situation worsened recently because of sharp increases in the prices of food and fertilizers on world markets, which made it more difficult for poor households in Ethiopia, as elsewhere, to secure adequate food supplies. Who are Ethiopia’s rural poor people? The largest group of poor people in Ethiopia is composed of small-scale farmers. Most rural households live on a daily per capita income of less than US$0.50. More than half of the country’s 12 million smallholders have 1 hectare or less of land. Their productivity is low and they are vulnerable to drought and other adverse natural conditions. -
Assessing the Short-Term Impacts of COVID 19 on Ethiopia's Economy
STRATEGY SUPPORT PROGRAM | WORKING PAPER 153 DECEMBER 2020 Assessing the Short-term Impacts of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s Economy External and domestic shocks and pace of recovery Emerta Aragie, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, and James Thurlow i CONTENTS Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................iv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 2. Ethiopia’s Responses to COVID-19 ........................................................................................... 2 3. Simulating the Economic Impacts of COVID-19 ........................................................................ 4 3.1. Social Accounting Matrix multiplier model for Ethiopia ....................................................... 4 3.2. Scenarios and assumptions .............................................................................................. 5 4. Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic ........................................................................... 6 4.1. Economic impacts during the lockdown period .................................................................. 6 Impacts on total and sectoral GDP................................................................................ 6 Impacts on the agri-food -
Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia
“ Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia and Agriculture Food Paul Dorosh and Shahidur Rashid Editors Dorosh • PROGRESS AND Rashid Food POLICY CHALLENGES Editors and Agriculture in Ethiopia Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia This book is published by the University of Pennsylvania Press (UPP) on behalf of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) as part of a joint-publication series. Books in the series pre- sent research on food security and economic development with the aim of reducing poverty and eliminating hunger and malnutrition in developing nations. They are the product of peer-reviewed IFPRI research and are selected by mutual agreement between the parties for publication under the joint IFPRI-UPP imprint. Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia Progress and Policy Challenges EDITED BY PAUL A. DOROSH AND SHAHIDUR RASHID Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Copyright © 2012 International Food Policy Research Institute All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP DATA TO COME Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix List of Boxes xv Foreword xvii Acknowledgments xix Acronyms and Abbreviations xxiii Glossary xxvii 1 Introduction 1 PAUL DOROSH AND SHAHIDUR RASHID PART I Overview and Analysis of Ethiopia’s Food Economy 2 Ethiopian Agriculture: A Dynamic Geographic Perspective 21 JORDAN CHAMBERLIN AND EMILY SCHMIDT 3 Crop Production in Ethiopia: Regional Patterns and Trends 53 ALEMAYEHU SEYOUM TAFFESSE, PAUL DOROSH, AND SINAFIKEH ASRAT GEMESSA 4 Seed, Fertilizer, and Agricultural Extension in Ethiopia 84 DAVID J. -
Ethiopia Socio-Economic Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19
ONE UN ASSESSMENT ETHIOPIA ADDIS ABABA MAY 2020 SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACT of COVID‑19 in ETHIOPIA ABOUT This document is a joint product of the members of the United Nations Country Team in Ethiopia. The report assesses the devastating social and economic dimensions of the COVID-19 crisis and sets out the framework for the United Nations’ urgent socio- economic support to Ethiopia in the face of a global pandemic. FOREWORD BY THE UN RESIDENT / HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR This socio-economic impact assessment has been This assessment aligns fully with the ‘UN framework drafted by the United Nations (UN) in Ethiopia in for the immediate socio-economic response to the spirit of ‘One UN’. It reflects our best collective COVID-19’ launched by the Secretary-General in assessment, based on the available evidence and April 2020, even though its design and preparation our knowledge and expertise, of the scale, nature preceded the publication of this vital reference and depth of socio-economic impacts in the country. document. This assessment addresses all aspects of We offer this as a contribution to the expanding the framework, in terms of the people we must reach; knowledge base on this critical issue, acknowledging the five pillars of the proposed UN response – health and drawing upon the work of the Government of first, protecting people, economic response and Ethiopia (GoE), academic experts, development recovery, macroeconomic response and multilateral partners and consulting firms, among others. collaboration, community cohesion and community resilience; and the collective spirt deployed to deliver Given the high level of uncertainty and volatility in the product and our upcoming socio-economic conditions, whether in Ethiopia or outside - not least response. -
Agriculture and Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Growth Multipliers from a Four-Sector Simulation Model
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ELSEVIER Agricultural Economics 20 (1999) 241-252 Agriculture and economic growth in Ethiopia: growth multipliers from a four-sector simulation model Steven A. Block * Assistant Professor of International Economics, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA Received 3 June 1997; received in revised form 19 October 1998; accepted 8 January 1999 Abstract Agriculture accounts for over half of Ethiopian GDP, yet the case for agriculture as a focus of economic growth strategies must rely on identifying a set of intersectoral linkages through which agricultural growth contributes to the growth of non agriculture in the Ethiopian economy. This article develops a four-sector numerical simulation model of economic growth in Ethiopia which permits the calculation of macroeconomic growth multipliers resulting from income shocks to agriculture, services, modern industry, and traditional industry. The resulting growth multipliers are 1.54 for agriculture, 1.80 for services, 1.34 for modern industry, and 1.22 for traditional industry. These results depict an economy in which intersectoral linkages operate on a highly uneven basis. These limits are reflected in the wide disparity between sectoral growth multipliers and by substantial differences in the patterns of their decomposition. The policy relevance of these findings relate, in part, to the distributional implications of growth in particular sectors. Poverty in Ethiopia is disproportionately rural. An income shock to agriculture is clearly the most progressive choice, indicating the need to highlight agricultural development in growth strategies for Ethiopia. Yet, the simulation results further indicate that doing so imposes relatively little trade off against total benefit. -
World Food Program Ethiopia Office and Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia
© World Food Program Ethiopia Office and Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia All Rights reserved. Extracts may be published given source is duly acknowledged. This summary report and a report are available online: www.wfp.org and www.csa.gov.et For further information on this report please contact: World Food Program Ethiopia Office, P.O. Box 25584, code 1000: Phone: +251 115 51 51 88 Website: www.wfp.org Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 1143: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Phone: +251 111 55 30 11 Website: www.csa.gov.et Design and Layout: Berhane Sisay Email: [email protected], bssinna@gmail. com Phone: +251 918722510 +251 913506462 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION AGP: Agricultural Growth Project HCES: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey BMI: Body Mass Index HDDS: Household Dietary Diversity Score CARI: Consolidated Approach for Reporting on Food Security IFPRI: International Food Policy Research Indicators Institute CFSAM: Crop and Food Security IOD: Indian Ocean Dipole Assessment Mission LEAP: Livelihoods, Early Assessment and CFSVA: Comprehensive Food Security and Protection Project Vulnerability Analysis MDER: Minimum Dietary Energy CPI: Consumer Price Index Requirement CSA: Central Statistical Agency MICS: Multiple Indicators DHS: Demographic and Health Survey MT: Metric ton EA: Enumeration Area MW: Mega Watt ECX: Ethiopian Commodity Exchange NBE: National Bank of Ethiopia EDHS: Ethiopia Demographic and PAE: Per capita and Per Adult Equivalent Health Survey PCA: Principal Component Analysis EGTE: -
Sustainable Development’: Towards Integrating Development with the Ecosystem in Ethiopia
Interrogating the Economy-First Paradigm in ‘Sustainable Development’: Towards Integrating Development with the Ecosystem in Ethiopia Tsegai Berhane Ghebretekle . Abstract This article examines the concept of sustainable development after the Post- 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement with particular emphasis on Ethiopia. Various African countries are vulnerable to climate change, as is evidenced by recent droughts. Ethiopia is selected as a case study in light of its pace in economic growth and as a country which is among the ones that are most affected by climate change. I argue that the concept of sustainable development will be meaningful if it is related only to the core idea of ecological sustainability. Long-term economic growth in Ethiopia is possible if the underlying environmental resources that underpin it are protected and enhanced. Sustainable development remains peripheral and impractical as long as the pursuit of economic and social development remains the practical driving force behind the Ethiopian government’s policy as the primary measure of success. It is argued that the overarching standard for the application of sustainable development should be the integrity of the country’s ecosystem. It is the economic growth which needs to be aligned to the ecological integrity, not the other way round because equitable economic growth requires the protection of its foundation, i.e. the ecosystem. If sustainable development is not based on ecological integrity; it remains a form of hegemonic knowledge, ‘based on a narrow, weak notion of sustainability that promotes reformist fantasies that the crisis can be addressed within the social, political, economic and cultural structures that created it.’ Key terms Ethiopia, sustainable development, economic growth, social development, ecological sustainability, weak sustainability, strong sustainability DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v11i1.3 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) . -
Implementing Policies for Chronic Poverty in Ethiopia
Background Paper for the Chronic Poverty Report 2008-09 Implementing Policies for Chronic Poverty in Ethiopia Taylor Brown What is Chronic Poverty? Amdissa Teshome The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is CPRC and ODI extended duration in absolute poverty. Therefore, chronically poor people always, or usually, live below a poverty line, 2007 which is normally defined in terms of a money indicator (e.g. consumption, income, etc.), but could also be defined in terms of wider or subjective aspects of deprivation. This is different from the transitorily poor, who move in and out of poverty, or only occasionally fall below the poverty line. The research for this Background Paper was made possible by CPRC core www.chronicpoverty.org funding from the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID). Implementing Policies for Chronic Poverty in Ethiopia Table of Contents Index of Boxes.....................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................ii Introduction ................................................................................................................1 1 Ethiopia’s chronic poor ....................................................................................2 1.1 Quantifying chronic poverty in Ethiopia ......................................................2 1.2 Who are the chronic poor? .........................................................................5 -
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY of LAND TENURE in ETHIOPIA Steven
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LAND TENURE IN ETHIOPIA Steven Davies A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St. Andrews 2008 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/580 This item is protected by original copyright The Political Economy of Land Tenure in Ethiopia By Steven Davies PhD Thesis School of International Relations University of St Andrews April 2008 Thesis Declaration The following amended thesis declaration is recommended to meet the requirements of electronic publication of PhD or MPhil theses, or embargoes thereon. I Steven Davies hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80 000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in January 2005 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD International Relations in November 2005; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2005 and 2008. date …………. signature of candidate ……… ………. I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD International Relations in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. -
Understanding Changes in the Lives of Poor Children: Initial Findings from Ethiopia
ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA Young Lives is a long-term international research project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries – Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Understanding Changes Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam – over 15 years, the timeframe set by the UN to assess progress towards the UN Millennium in the Lives of Poor Children: Development Goals. Survey Report Through interviews, group work and case studies with the children, their Initial findings fromETHIOPIA parents, teachers and community representatives, we are collecting a wealth of information, not only about their material and social circumstances, but also their perspectives on their lives and aspirations for the future, set against the Tassew Woldehanna environmental and social realities of their communities. Retta Gudisa Round 3 Round Yisak Tafere This report presents initial findings from the third round of data collection by Alula Pankhurst Young Lives in Ethiopia, carried out from late 2009 to early 2010. It gives a broad outline of some of the key indicators of childhood poverty and changes that have taken place in the children’s lives between the earlier rounds of data collection in 2002 and 2006 and this third round. In particular, we are able to make comparisons between the older children at age 8 in 2002 (in Round 1), and the younger cohort at age 8 in 2009 (Round 3) – to highlight changes that have happened in the children’s lives and their communities over that time. The Young Lives survey team in Ethiopia is based at the Ethiopian THIOPIA Development Research Institute and works alongside a team of qualitative researchers. -
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY of AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIALISATION in ETHIOPIA: DISCOURSES, ACTORS and STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENTS Dawit Alemu and Kassahun Berhanu
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIALISATION IN ETHIOPIA: DISCOURSES, ACTORS AND STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENTS Dawit Alemu and Kassahun Berhanu WP 14 Working Paper June 2018 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and objectives .................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Methodology/study method .............................................................................................. 8 2 The political importance of agriculture ........................................................................................ 9 2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Changing political landscape ............................................................................................ 9 2.3 Importance of lending support to smallholder farmers ..................................................... 10 3 Public support for agricultural development ............................................................................. 15 3.1 Agricultural research ....................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Agricultural extension ..................................................................................................... -
Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger in Ethiopia
Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger in Ethiopia A Review of Development Strategies, Achievements, and Challenges in Relation with MDG1 Aklilu Amsalu NCCR North-South Dialogue, no. 45 2012 dialogue The present study was carried out at the following partner institution of the NCCR North-South: Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The NCCR North-South (Research Partnerships for Mitigating Syndromes of Global Change) is one of 27 National Centres of Competence in Research established by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). It is implemented by the SNSF and co- funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and the participating institutions. The NCCR North-South carries out disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research on issues relating to sustainable development in develop- ing and transition countries as well as in Switzerland. http://www.north-south.unibe.ch Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger in Ethiopia A Review of Development Strategies, Achievements, and Challenges in Relation with MDG1 Aklilu Amsalu NCCR North-South Dialogue, no. 45 2012 Citation Aklilu Amsalu. 2012. Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger in Ethiopia: A Review of Development Strategies, Achievements, and Challenges in Relation With MDG1. NCCR North-South Dialogue 45 (Working Paper, Special Research Project 4 – Beyond the MDGs). Bern, Switzerland: NCCR North-South. Series Editing Anne B. Zimmermann, NCCR North-South, Management Centre Editing Simon Pare, Didier Péclard Cover photos Left: View of a rural area around South Wolo in the Northeastern part of Ethiopia. Like much of the land in this area used for graz- ing and natural rehabilitation, it is degraded and would require conservation measures, especially as agriculture is still the main development sector in the country.