Day time (approx 40% load) SPECIFICATIONS OF MPPU FOR A ABOUT AHEC Alternate Hydro Energy Centre (AHEC) was set TYPICAL SITE up at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (formerly Increased milling capacity, oil expelling, rice University of Roorkee) by the Ministry of Non- hulling, spice-hulling, processing of dairy and Site Details: Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Govt. of India, food products, workshop machines : wood in the year 1982 to promote power generation through Head: 7.0-15.0 m the development of small hydro in hilly as well as in plain WATER MILL working, metal working, textiles carding, Discharge: 70-150 lps areas. AHEC offers a variety of services in the field of commercial cooking etc. small hydro power development and other Power developed: upto 10.0 kW interdisciplinary areas. Small Hydro Power Evening time (approx 20% load) * Refurbishment, renovation and modernisation of SHP stations. * Detailed project reports, engineering designs and Electricity generation : lighting, cooking construction drawings. * Technical specifications. Night time (approx 40% load) * Pre-feasibility reports. * Planning, designs and execution. * Techno-economic appraisal. Electricity generation : lighting, battery * Monitoring of projects. charging. * Remote sensing and GIS based applications. Other Fields Heating for : drying, house heating, horticultural * Power system planning and operation. glass houses, hot water for washing, for laundry, LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL MPPU SITE * Energy Auditing. Details of Machine : * Drainage/irrigation related projects. cooking water, fish farming, chick rearing. * Environment impact assessment and Ecorestoration. Cold storage for : crops for sale, produce from Turbine * R&D in the field of other renewable energy sources traders. Type of turbine: Open Cross Flow (Solar, Biomass, Wind etc.) Runner dia: 300 mm Human Resources Development Pumping water : irrigation, drinking. * Training to the field engineers and technologists. Width of runner: 200 mm * Offers a three semesters M. Tech Course in AHES. Governing mechanism Number of blade: 24 Nos. * Information dissemination, exhibitions, workshops/ Shaft dia: 50 mm seminars. For mechanical output no governing mechanism End-Use Machines : is needed. The speed of the turbine can be Alternator controlled by controlling flow through turbine Oil expeller, Rice huler etc. with the help of control valve. But for electricity generation governor is required. Governor is a extremely costly component which does not suit MULTIPURPOSE POWER to micro hydro plants of this capacity. Only some alternative may be suggested to run the turbine UNIT (MPPU) for electricity generation. Running turbine at Head Alternate Hydro Energy Centre back of power may be one of the alternatives. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (formerly University of Roorkee) Roorkee-247 667 (Uttaranchal), India Acknowledgement : Phone(office) : 0091-1332 74254, 85213, 85841 Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) (Residence) : 0091-1332-73270 Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, FAX : +91 1332-73517 or 73560 under its project UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Projects has Gram : ENERGYCENTRE, ROORKEE Indian Institute of Technology, provided financial support and inputs from E-Mail : [email protected], [email protected] international experts for the development of water mills Web Site : www.ahec.org.in Roorkee – 247 667 www.hydrohelp.com is acknowledged with appreciation and thanks. Plan of a Typical Mill House jain printing press, rke ph. : 72722 BACKGROUND Civil Works penstock with the power channel. Design of Runner · Diversion forebay need not be of conventional type and The runner radius is 150 mm and the width 200 In the hills water mills, commonly known as · Power channel size. Local materials can be used to construct it. mm. The single piece casting of a cross flow ‘gharats’ have significant role in utilisation of · Forebay Penstock pipe runner is a very tricky task but it has been mechanical power from water streams, mainly · Penstock pipe for grinding purpose. The design of traditional successfully done to evolve ‘single piece’ of the Turbine As compared to steel pipe, PVC pipe will be gharat is quite old and very little modification runner which is a unique achievement. The · Improved water mill unit cheaper and easy to transport and install. It needs has been done over the years in the gharat runner has a total of 24 blades and no casing not have complicated and sophisticated valves. designs. Throughout the Himalayan ranges from End use machines has been provided over the runner to reduce the A simple locally made butterfly valve is cost of the turbine. Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh, thousands of · Grain grinding and other crop recommended. water mills are being used for grinding cereals. processing machines Nozzle By the input of technical enrichment the · Workshop machines Alternator Turbine The nozzle is fabricated from the metal sheet. efficiency of traditional water mill can be A simple ‘Over Hung’ open cross flow turbine A simple ‘pushed flap’ valve has been designed increased upto 3 times. Alternate Hydro Energy has been designed and fabricated. Open cross and fitted in the nozzle. Centre (AHEC), Indian Institute of Technology flow turbine with horizontal shaft has been Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee has been involved in Shaft considered as a suitable turbine for these sites. development of water mills. Advantage of using open cross flow runner is The shaft is machined from 50 mm stock leaving At water mill sites where sufficient head and that it saves the cost in construction as compared the length between the bearings at the full water flow be available to develop 3 kW-10 kW to closed one. The main features of the turbine diameter. The bearings are a ‘push fit’ onto a power, a multipurpose power unit is considered is the ‘Over hung’ layout which allows the wet step. The runner is fixed to one end of the shaft to be appropriate. Based on the turbine components to be kept outside the mill building using only one boss on one side of the runner. technology a new design with low cost with the bearing inside. The newly designed Bearings fabrication technology has been developed by Layout of a typical water mills site water mill consist of the following components. AHEC under UNDP-GEF Hilly Hydro Projects A bed-plate with two plummer blocks of Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy containing double-row self aligning bearings are Diversion Sources (MNES), Govt. of India. The developed provided. system is capable of producing upto 10 kW of This must be of temporary in nature to avoid Flinger mechanical power for driving agro processing any investment. This can be constructed of machines directly and for generating electricity boulders and stones to divert the water. Two flingers are provided and it is proposed to if connected with an alternator. The system is a provide a enclosure made of thin M.S. sheet for Horizontal Shaft ‘Open Cross Flow Turbine’. Power channel catching the water, which may sprayed around the machinery. Power channel may be a kuchcha channel MULTIPURPOSE POWER UNIT without any lining work. However, this should End use machines In order to develop a Multipurpose Power Units be widened to increase the capacity as per the In order to increase the load factor of these (MPPUs) at existing water mill sites, following requirement. plants, it has been suggested to divide the are the components need to be modified by Forebay possible end-uses into day-time, evening, and adopting cost effective approach. night-time as given below and accordingly type A forebay has to be constructed to connect the of end use machines can be installed.