DOCSLIB.ORG

Fabaceae) Inferred from Nrdna ITS and Two Cpdnas, Matk and Rpl32-Trnl(UAG) Sequences Data

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 Phylogeny and divergence times of the Coluteoid clade with special reference to Colutea (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and two cpDNAs, matK and rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences data M. Moghaddam, S. Kazempour Osaloo, H. Hosseiny & F. Azimi To cite this article: M. Moghaddam, S. Kazempour Osaloo, H. Hosseiny & F. Azimi (2016): Phylogeny and divergence times of the Coluteoid clade with special reference to Colutea (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and two cpDNAs, matK and rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences data, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2016.1244120 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2016.1244120 Published online: 19 Oct 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 7 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tplb20 Download by: [Cornell University Library] Date: 30 October 2016, At: 10:43 Plant Biosystems, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2016.1244120 Phylogeny and divergence times of the Coluteoid clade with special reference to Colutea (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and two cpDNAs, matK and rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences data M. MOGHADDAM1, S. KAZEMPOUR OSALOO1, H. HOSSEINY1, & F. AZIMI2 1Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran and 2Natural Resource Research Center of Ardabil Province, Iran Abstract This study reconstructed the phylogeny of the Coluteoid clade using nrDNA ITS and plastid matK and rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences data. The analyses resolve a well-supported Coluteoid clade, as sister to Astragalus s.str. + Oxytropis, nested within the larger, strongly supported Astragalean clade. The Coluteoid clade is now composed of 12 genera including Podlechiella, Swainsona, Carmichaelia, Clianthus, Montigena, Phyllolobium, Lessertia, Sutherlandia, Sphaerophysa, Smirnowia, Eremosparton and Colutea. Within this clade, Podlechiella is the first diverging lineage followed by successive subclades of Carmichaelia + Clianthus + Swainsona, Phyllolobium, Lessertia + Sutherlandia, Sphaerophysa + Smirnowia + Eremosparton, and Colutea. We assigned the formal tribal name to this clade and redefined the tribe Coluteae. A diagnostic key to the genera of the tribe is presented. Astragalus cysticalyx and A. sinicus have no relationship with the Coluteoid clade, instead, they are nested in Astragalus s. str. Resolution within Colutea is rather low, but several smaller subclades with low to high supports are found in the genus. None of the large sections in Colutea are monophyletic. Divergence time estimates revealed that the Coluteoid clade originated in the Early Miocene (20.4 Mya). Most of its members were diverged during the Late Miocene to Pliocene. Colutea and Podlechiella form the youngest lineages where the diversification occurred in the Pliocene- Pleistocene. Keywords: Coluteae, divergence time, nrDNA ITS, phylogeny, plastid DNA, the Coluteoid clade Introduction ciliate style (Lavin & Delgado 1990). All members of the clade except the annual Podlechiella are The Coluteoid clade is a heterogeneous group of perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs/small trees. morphologically and ecologically distinct genera Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the combined and species, which distributed throughout Africa to Australasia. Currently, it contains 12 genera, nrDNA ITS and matK sequences, Wojciechowski i.e. Colutea (including Oreophysa, see Kazempour (2005) indicated that Podlechiella is the first Osaloo et al. 2006), Smirnowia, Eremosparton, diverging taxon as sister to the other representatives Sphaerophysa, Lessertia, Sutherlandia, Carmichaelia, of the clade. Carmichaelia and allies formed own Clianthus, Montigena, Swainsona, Phyllolobium and subclade, as for Lessertia and Sutherlandia. In this Podlechiella as well as the two Astragalus species, study, Phyllolobium chinense Fisch. (=A. complanatus A. sinicus L. and A. cyticalalyx Ledeb. (Wojciechowski Bunge) formed a common clade with A. sinicus, and et al. 1999; Wojciechowski 2005; Lock & Schrire Colutea, represented by C. arborescense L., was sister 2005). Colutea and its allied genera were previously to A. cysticalyx. Furthermore, in the earlier study of treated in tribe Galegeae subtribe Coluteinae Wojciechowski et al. (1999), Smirnowia and allies (Polhill 1981), while Carmichaelia and its allies (including A. cysticalyx) formed a distinct subclade formed subtribe Carmichaelinae (Heenan 1998a, within the Coluteoid clade. Kazempour Osaloo 1998b; Wagstaff et al. 1999) or carmichaelioid group et al. (2003) using molecular data (nrDNA ITS and (Lock & Schrire 2005). Phyllolobium and Podlechiella plastid ndhF) clearly indicated that A. sinicus is more have been recently segregated from Astragalus closely related to members of Astragalus s.str. than (Kazempour Osaloo et al. 2003; Zhang & Podlech to the Coluteoid clade. However, the taxonomic 2006). Most members of the clade are characterized composition of the Coluteoid clade and the exact by non-interlocking wing and keel petals and a phylogenetic status of A. cyticalyx are still unclear. Correspondence: S. Kazempour Osaloo, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran. Email: [email protected] © 2016 Società Botanica Italiana 2 M. Moghaddam et al. After Swainsona (about 80 spp.) and Lessertia fied using the primers ITS5 m of Sang et al. (1995) (about 50 spp), Colutea is the third large genus of and ITS4 of White et al. (1990) or AB101F and the clade with about 30 species. Colutea is distribut- AB102R (Douzery et al. 1999). The matK gene was ed from Mediterranean region to China, Himalaya, amplified using the primer of trnK685F (Steele & and east–northeast Africa. In Iran, Colutea has nine Wojciechowski 2003) and matK1320R (designed in species in 3–5 sections (Browicz 1984; Pooyan et al. this study). The rpl32-trnL(UAG) region was amplified 2014). Among the species-rich genera of the Colu- using primer rpl32-F and trnL(UAG) described in Shaw teoid clade, Carmichaelia and Swainsona (Wagstaff et al. (2007). The PCR amplification was carried out et al. 1999), Phyllolobium (Kang et al. 2003; Zhang in the volume of 20 μL, containing 8.2-μL deionized et al. 2012) and Colutea (Mirzaei et al. 2015) have water, 10 ml of the 2 × Taq DNA polymerase master been subjects of phylogenetic analyses using nrDNA mix Red (Amplicon, Cat. No. 180301, 150-mMTris- H ITS data. HCl P 8.5, 40-Mm (NH4)2SO4, 3.0-Mm MgCl2, By employing penalized likelihood estimates 0.4-Mm dNTPs, 0.05 units μl−1AmpliconTaq DNA of ages and rates of nucleotide substitutions using polymerase, inert red dye and a stabilizer) 0.5 μl matK sequences, Wojciechowski (2005) provided the of each primer (10 pmol/μl), and 1 μl of template estimated mean age of 13.7 (±1.70) Mya, the middle DNA (20 ng/μl). PCR procedures for nrDNA ITS Miocene, and mean rate of 0.000894 (±0.000080) region were 2 min 30 s at 94°C for predenaturation for the Coluteoid Clade. followed by 30 cycles of 45 s at 94°C for denatura- Hitherto, no detailed phylogenetic treatment tion, 40 s at 56°C for primer annealing and 40 s at and divergence time estimates using multiple 72°C for primer extension, followed by a final primer DNA sequence data have been conducted on the extension of 7 min at 72°C. for matK region, the Coluteoid clade in general and Colutea in particular. PCR condition was 2 min 30 s at 94°C followed by In this study, the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal- 32–35 cycles of 40 s at 94°C, 40 s at 53°C, and 1 min transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) and two plastid 20 s at 72°C, and final extension of 7 min at 72°C fragments, matK gene and rpl32-trnL(UAG) intergenic was performed. For rpl32-trnL(UAG)region, the PCR spacer, were sequenced for phylogenetic reconstruc- condition was 5 min at 80°C followed by 28 cycles of tions and estimation of ages and rates. 50 s at 95°C, 45 s at 54°C, and 50 s at 65°C, and the The main goals of present study are: (1) to evalu- final extension of 5 min at 65°C was performed. The ate the taxonomic status of the Coluteoid clade and ensuring PCR fragments were separated by electro- to elucidate relationships within it, (2) to test the phoresis in 1% agarose gels in 1 × TAE (pH = 8) monophyly of Colutea and its major sections, (3) to buffer, stained with ethidium bromide and were assess the accurate taxonomic position of Astragalus photographed with a UV gel documentation system cysticalyx, and (4) to estimate molecular divergence (UVItec, Cambridge, UK). Purification of PCR times and ages of the Coluteoid clade and its major products was performed using NucleoSpin Extract subclades. kits (MACHERY-NAGEL April 2004/Rev.01). Each region was directly sequenced using the Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Materials and methods kit with the same primers in an ABI 3730xl DNA Taxon sampling Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA) through Pishgam Inc. Forty-three accessions representing 29 species belonging to Coluteoid clade and 12 species of the related clade (Astragalus + Oxytropis) were included Sequence alignment in the analyses. One species of Caragana and one species of Eversmania were selected as outgroups. Each of the individual data-sets was edited using In addition to the newly generated nrDNA ITS BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 (Hall 1999) and aligned with (23), matK (21) and rpl32-trnL (28) sequences, web-based version of MUSCLE (Edgar 2004; (UAG) at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle/) and 20 nrDNA ITS, 16 matK, and 1 rpl32-trnL(UAG) sequences were retrieved from GenBank. All taxa adjusted manually. The alignment of the data-sets together with their origin, voucher information, and required for the introduction of numerous single- GenBank accession numbers are listed in Table I.
Recommended publications
  • Final Report Template

    Final Report Template

    Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia by Megan Ryan, Lindsay Bell, Richard Bennett, Margaret Collins and Heather Clarke October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000356 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-188-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia Publication No. 10/223 Project No. PRJ-000356 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
  • Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3

    Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3

    QRNo. General description of Type of Tariff line code(s) affected, based on Detailed Product Description WTO Justification (e.g. National legal basis and entry into Administration, modification of previously the restriction restriction HS(2012) Article XX(g) of the GATT, etc.) force (i.e. Law, regulation or notified measures, and other comments (Symbol in and Grounds for Restriction, administrative decision) Annex 2 of e.g., Other International the Decision) Commitments (e.g. Montreal Protocol, CITES, etc) 12 3 4 5 6 7 1 Prohibition to CP 2903 77 100 0 CFCl3 (CFC-11) Trichlorofluoromethane Article XX(h) GATT Board of Eurasian Economic Import/export of these ozone destroying import/export ozone CP-X Commission substances from/to the customs territory of the destroying substances 2903 77 200 0 CF2Cl2 (CFC-12) Dichlorodifluoromethane Article 46 of the EAEU Treaty DECISION on August 16, 2012 N Eurasian Economic Union is permitted only in (excluding goods in dated 29 may 2014 and paragraphs 134 the following cases: transit) (all EAEU 2903 77 300 0 C2F3Cl3 (CFC-113) 1,1,2- 4 and 37 of the Protocol on non- On legal acts in the field of non- _to be used solely as a raw material for the countries) Trichlorotrifluoroethane tariff regulation measures against tariff regulation (as last amended at 2 production of other chemicals; third countries Annex No. 7 to the June 2016) EAEU of 29 May 2014 Annex 1 to the Decision N 134 dated 16 August 2012 Unit list of goods subject to prohibitions or restrictions on import or export by countries- members of the
  • Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 57, 295 Pp. Donovan, B. J. 2007

    Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 57, 295 Pp. Donovan, B. J. 2007

    Donovan, B. J. 2007: Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 57, 295 pp. EDITORIAL BOARD REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE R ESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr R. J. B. Hoare Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF UNIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson c/- Bio-Protection and Ecology Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF M USEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF OVERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 57 Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) B. J. Donovan Donovan Scientific Insect Research, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2007 4 Donovan (2007): Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2007 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication Donovan, B. J. (Barry James), 1941– Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) / B. J. Donovan – Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, 2007. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no.
  • A Molecular Phylogenetic Perspective

    A Molecular Phylogenetic Perspective

    Astragalus (Fabaceae): A molecular phylogenetic perspective MARTIN F. WOJCIECHOWSKI Wojciechowski, M. E (School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tem- pe, AZ, 85287-4501, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected]). Astragalus (Fa- baceae): A molecular phylogenetic perspective. Brittonia 57: 382-396. 2005.-- Nucleotide sequences of the plastid mark gene and nuclear rDNA internal tran- scribed spacer region were sampled from Astragalus L. (Fabaceae), and its closest relatives within tribe Galegeae, to infer phylogenetic relationships and estimate ages of diversification. Consistent with previous studies that emphasized sampling for nrDNA ITS primarily within either New World or Old World species groups, Astragalus, with the exception of a few morphologically distinct species, is strongly supported as monophyletic based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of matK sequences as well as a combined sequence dataset. The matK data provides better resolution and stronger clade support for relationships among Astragalus and traditionally related genera than nrDNA ITS. Astragalus sensu stricto plus the genus Oxytropis are strongly supported as sister to a clade com- posed of strictly Old World (African, Australasian) genera such as Colutea, Suth- erlandia, Lessertia, Swainsona, and Carrnichaelia, plus several morphologically distinct segregates of Eurasian Astragalus. Ages of these clades and rates of nucleotide substitution estimated from a fossil-constrained, rate-smoothed, Bayes- ian analysis of matK sequences sampled from Hologalegina indicate Astragalus diverged from its sister group, Oxytropis, 12-16 Ma, with divergence of Neo- Astragalus beginning ca. 4.4 Ma. Estimates of absolute rates of nucleotide sub- stitution for Astragalus and sister groups, which range from 8.9 to 10.2 x 10 -~0 substitutions per site per year, are not unusual when compared to those estimated for other, mainly temperate groups of papilionoid legumes.
  • Print This Article

    Print This Article

    Liversidge Research Lecture No. 6 1946 PLANT PRODUCTS OF NEW ZEALAND LINDSAY H. BRIGGS The Royal Society of New South Wales Liversidge Research Lecture No. 6, 1946 Royal Society of NSW 1 Lindsay Heathcote Briggs This photograph is reproduced from Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 1974-5, 103, pp. 100-110, by permission of the Royal Society of New Zealand, and SIR Publishing, Wellington, New Zealand 162 2 Royal Society of NSW Liversidge Research Lecture No. 6, 1946 Liversidge Research Lecturer No. 6, 1946 LINDSAY HEATHCOTE BRIGGS 1905-1975 Lindsay Heathcote Briggs was born on 3 January 1905 in Hastings, New Zealand. His secondary education was at Hastings District High School where he was Dux in 1919 and 1920, and was awarded a Senior National Scholarship in 1919; from 1921 to 1923 he attended Auckland Grammar School where he won a Williamson Scholarship in 1922 and a University Entrance Scholarship in 1923. He then studied science at Auckland University, winning a Sir George Grey Scholarship in 1926, and graduated M.Sc. with Honours in 1928 while holding a Duffus Lubecki Research Scholarship. In 1929 he was awarded a New Zealand National Research Scholarship, but he relinquished this to take up a Sir James Gunson Scholarship for research in Dairy Science at Massey Agricultural College. In 1931 he proceeded to Oxford where he worked under Professor (later Sir) Robert Robinson; he was awarded an Oxford Exhibition Scholarship of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 1933 he graduated D.Phil. with a thesis entitled "The Molecular Structure of Strychnine".
  • Bio 308-Course Guide

    Bio 308-Course Guide

    COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit.
  • Appendix B Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Species

    Appendix B Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Species

    Appendix B: Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Plants Found in Ten Northern Rocky Mountains National Parks Introduction The Invasive Plant Management Plan was written for the following ten parks (in this document, parks are referred to by the four letter acronyms in bold): the Bear Paw Battlefield-BEPA (MT, also known as Nez Perce National Historical Park); Big Hole National Battlefield-BIHO (MT); City of Rocks National Reserve-CIRO (ID); Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve-CRMO (ID); Fossil Butte National Monument-FOBU (WY); Golden Spike National Historic Site-GOSP (UT); Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site-GRKO (MT); Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument-HAFO (ID); Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument-LIBI (MT); and Minidoka National Historic Site-MIIN (ID). The following information is contained for each weed species covered in this document (1) Park presence: based on formal surveys or park representatives’ observations (2) Status: whether the plant is listed as noxious in ID, MT, UT, or WY (3) Identifying characteristics: key characteristics to aid identification, and where possible, unique features to help distinguish the weed from look-a-like species (4) Life cycle: annual, winter-annual, biennial, or perennial and season of flowering and fruit set (5) Spread: the most common method of spread and potential for long distance dispersal (6) Seeds per plant and seed longevity (when available) (7) Habitat (8) Control Options: recommendations on the effectiveness of a. Mechanical Control b. Cultural
  • Swainsona Murrayana

    Swainsona Murrayana

    Swainsona murrayana VU Taxonomic Authority: Wawra Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Swainsona morrisian J.M.Black SLENDER DARLING-PEA English (Primary) Swainsona murrayan A.T.Lee MURRAY SWAINSON-PE English SLENDER SWAINSON English Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: General Information Distribution Swainsona murrayana is endemic to Australia, distributed on the western slopes and plains of New South Wales and in equivalent areas of northern and western Victoria and southern Queensland, and with an outlying population in South Australia west of Broken Hill (Thompson 1993). Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 450 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 60 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population Total population size is not known. A recent survey suggests ~100 mature individuals in a population in South Australia population (MSBP 2010). In Victoria there are 28 known populations with a total with a total of 94,000 individuals occupaying 164 hectares (DSE 2003). In New South Wales, this species has been recorded in 23 separate plant communities, 16 of which have been classified as threatened, with most communities having experienced more than 50% decline and 13 communities still experiencing continuing decline (Benson 2006). Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology This herb often grows on heavy soils, especially in depressions associated with chenopod shrubs (Maireana spp.), wallaby-grass (Austrodanthonia spp.), and spear grass (Austrostipa spp.).
  • Biodiversity Assessment for Kyrgyzstan

    Biodiversity Assessment for Kyrgyzstan

    Biodiversity Assessment for Kyrgyzstan Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS MISSION, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I INTRODUCTION I-1 SECTION II STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY II-1 A. Overview II-1 B. Major Ecoregions II-1 C. Species Diversity II-3 D. Agrobiodiversity II-5 E. Threats to Biodiversity II-6 F. Resource Trends II-7 SECTION III STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION III-1 A. Protected Areas III-1 B. Agriculture III-2 C. Forests III-2 D. Fisheries III-3 SECTION IV STRATEGIC AND POLICY FRAMEWORK IV-1 A. Institutional Framework IV-1 B. Legislative Framework IV-3 C. International Conventions and Agreements IV-5 D. Internationally Funded Programs IV-5 SECTION V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS V-1 SECTION VI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVED BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION VI-1 SECTION VII USAID/KYRGYZSTAN VII-1 A. Impact of USAID Program on Biodiversity VII-1 B. Recommendations VII-1 ANNEX A SECTIONS 117 AND 119 OF THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT A-1 ANNEX B SCOPE OF WORK B-1 ANNEX C LIST OF PERSONS CONTACTED C-1 ANNEX D LISTS OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KYRGYZSTAN D-1 ANNEX E MAP OF ECOSYSTEMS AND PROTECTED AREAS OF KYRGYZSTAN E-1 ANNEX F PROTECTED AREAS IN KYRGYZSTAN F-1 ANNEX G SCHEDULE OF TEAM VISITS G-1 ANNEX H INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES (FROM NBSAP) H-1 ANNEX I CENTRAL ASIA TRANSBOUNDARY BIODIVERSITY PROJECT I-1 ACRONYMS BEO Bureau Environmental Officer BIOFOR Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CAR Central Asian Republics CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CTO Contracting Technical Officer DC District of Columbia EE Europe and Eurasia FAA Foreign Assistance Act GEF Global Environment Fund GIS Geographic Information Systems GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation ha hectare I.A.
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)

    Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)

    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effect of D-Pinitol Isolated from the Leaves of Colutea Cilicica Boiss Et Bal. on K562 Cells Colutea Cilicica Boiss Et Bal

    Anti-Inflammatory Effect of D-Pinitol Isolated from the Leaves of Colutea Cilicica Boiss Et Bal. on K562 Cells Colutea Cilicica Boiss Et Bal

    Turk J Biochem 2017; 42(4): 445–450 Research Article Ferda Eser*, Ergul Mutlu Altundag, Gülsah Gedik, Ibrahim Demirtas, Adem Onal and Bedrettin Selvi Anti-inflammatory effect of D-pinitol isolated from the leaves of Colutea cilicica Boiss et Bal. on K562 cells Colutea cilicica Boiss et Bal. yapraklarından izole edilen D-pinitol’ün K562 hücreleri üzerindeki anti- inflamatuar etkisi DOI 10.1515/tjb-2016-0120 Results: Stimulation of cells with D-pinitol (0–80 μM) was Received August 12, 2016; accepted February 28, 2017; previously observed for 24, 48 and 72 h. It is determined that D-pin- published online March 30, 2017 itol inhibited protein expression of Cox-2 in K562 cells. Abstract We observed that Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein expression did not change, but Cox-2 protein Aim: D-pinitol, a natural compound has shown various expression reduced with non-cytotoxic concentrations of biological and pharmacological effects. Last studies are D-pinitol. focused on the determination of its further pharmacologi- Conclusion: It is concluded that D-pinitol did not affect cal activities including mainly biological activity. There- cell proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells however fore, isolation of D-pinitol from the leaves of Colutea cili- reduced the inflammation, significantly. These results cica Boiss et Bal. and investigation of its apoptotic and show that D-pinitol may be anti-inflammatory agent for anti-inflammatory activity on K562 cell lines were aimed the treatment of K562 cells. in the concept of the study. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; K562; Colutea cili- Materials and methods: Isolation of D-pinitol was per- cica Boiss et Bal.; Isolation; D-pinitol.
  • Montigena Novae-Zelandiae

    Montigena Novae-Zelandiae

    Montigena novae-zelandiae COMMON NAME Scree pea SYNONYMS Swainsona novae-zelandiae Hook.f. var. novae-zelandiae, Swainsona novae-zelandiae var. glabra G.Simpson FAMILY Fabaceae AUTHORITY Montigena novae-zelandiaev (Hook.f.) Heenan FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS Hawkdun Range. Photographer: John Barkla Yes ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Herbs - Dicotyledons other than Composites NVS CODE MONNOV CHROMOSOME NUMBER Close up of Montigena. Photographer: Shannel 2n = 32 Courtney CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: RF, Sp PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: RF, Sp 2004 | Gradual Decline DISTRIBUTION South Island, east of Southern Alps. HABITAT Subalpine to low alpine, on fine-grained, partially stable and moist greywacke scree, rock debris and gravel slopes. Sometimes in depleted tussock grasslands. FEATURES Small woody sub-shrub arising from thin, branched stems that extend to the surface from a deeply buried root stock. Foliage a dull green, leafy tufts, 30-70mm long, 10-60mm wide. Leaves divided, 20-35mm long. Leaflets in 6-10 pairs per leaf, usually folded along the mid-rib; fleshy, grey-green or grey-blue and sometimes flushed red. Flowers in bunches, purplish, clover-pink or golden-brown, arising from axils of older leaves. Seed pods swollen, darkening to orange-red at maturity, grey brown when open. Seeds 10 per pod, 3.5mm long, 3mm wide, brown. SIMILAR TAXA None. Large bloated sausage-shaped seed pods, fern-like leaf form. FLOWERING December - February FLOWER COLOURS Red/Pink, Violet/Purple FRUITING January - April PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Difficult and should not be removed from the wild.