Bringing Nudge Theory to Career Guidance and Development Work

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Bringing Nudge Theory to Career Guidance and Development Work

Bringing Nudge Theory to Career Development Marie Alty Overview of workshop Exploring how nudge theory can be applied to career development Expected outcomes In the session today we will:- 1. Explore the key features of nudge theory 2. Explain how nudge theory influences behaviour 3. Discuss and evaluate how nudge theory can be applied to career development What is Nudge Theory? • Nudge theory - concept in behavioural science, political theory and economics • Positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions can influence the motives, incentives and decision making of groups and individuals • Influence is at least as effective, if not more so, than use of direct instruction, legislation, or enforcement Wikipedia 2015 Use of Nudge Theory – famous flies! • Urinals in the toilets on the Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam have the outline of a fly, etched into the porcelain • Research found that urinals with the fake flies reduced spillage by 80%! Use of Nudge Theory – text messages sent by Jobcentre “Eight new Customer Assistant jobs are now How many available at Tesco. Come to Bedford attended? Jobcentre on Monday 10 June between 10am - Approx 11% and 4pm and ask for Sarah to find out more” Increased the Then added the client’s name number attending to 15% Signed off with the jobcentre adviser Number attending name and wished them luck… rose to 27% BIT Projects using Nudge Theory • Reduce UK college drop outs July 2015 • Increase numbers of SMEs taking part in a tax vouchers scheme – August 2015 • Improving outcomes for young people in Somerset – July 2015 For more details and more examples please see Behavioural Insights Team website - www.behaviouralinsights.co.uk The power of inertia, the status quo bias and mindless choosing! • Gains and losses • Status quo bias • Mindless choosing The Two Systems of How we Think Automatic System Reflective System • Uncontrolled • Controlled • Effortless • Effortful • Associative • Deductive • Fast • Slow • Unconscious • Self-aware • Skilled • Rule-following Applying Nudges to Career Development Activity – discuss examples of nudges for one of the following:- 1. Getting the most from attending a careers education event 2. Encouraging clients to use their action plan 3. Motivating NEET clients 4. Attending appointments 5. Making applications for college/6th form 6. Reaching a career decision Timing – 10 mins, then feedback When do we need a nudge? - some ethical considerations • Freedom of choice? • Misconceptions • Default options • Libertarian paternalism Summary • Links to other theories – psychology, behaviour, economics • Scope for application to careers guidance and development work • Ethical considerations References • Thaler, R. and Sunstein, C.(2009) Nudge, Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness, London, Penguin • Tversky, Amos & Kahneman, Daniel ‘Judgement under Certainty: Heuristics and Biases’ Science 185 (1974): 1124-31 • Samuelson, William and Zeckhauser, Richard ‘Status Quo Bias in Decision-making’ Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 1’ (1988): 7-59 Further Information Contact details • Marie Alty – [email protected] • Adviza website www.adviza.org.uk and click on Learning and Development Thank you.

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A Randomized Experiment Using Absenteeism Information to “Nudge” Attendance
February 2017 Making an Impact A randomized experiment using absenteeism information to “nudge” attendance Todd Rogers Harvard Kennedy School Teresa Duncan ICF International Tonya Wolford School District of Philadelphia John Ternovski Shruthi Subramanyam Harvard Kennedy School Adrienne Reitano School District of Philadelphia Key findings This randomized controlled trial, conducted in collaboration with the School District of Philadelphia, finds that a single postcard that encouraged guardians to improve their student’s attendance reduced absences by roughly 2.4 percent. Guardians received one of two types of message: one encouraging guardians to improve their student’s attendance or one encouraging guardians to improve their student’s attendance that also included specific information about the student’s attendance history. There was no statistically significant difference in absences between students according to which message their guardians received. The effect of the postcard did not differ between students in grades 1–8 and students in grades 9–12. U.S. Department of Education At ICF International Institute of Education Sciences Thomas W. Brock, Commissioner for Education Research Delegated the Duties of Director National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance Audrey Pendleton, Acting Commissioner Elizabeth Eisner, Acting Associate Commissioner Amy Johnson, Action Editor Felicia Sanders, Project Officer REL 2017–252 The National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) conducts unbiased large-scale evaluations of education programs and practices supported by federal funds; provides research-based technical assistance to educators and policymakers; and supports the synthesis and the widespread dissemination of the results of research and evaluation throughout the United States. Febr uar y 2017 This report was prepared for the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) under Contract ED-IES-12-C-0006 by Regional Educational Laboratory Mid-Atlantic administered by ICF International.
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