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Adaptation Trials of Cordia Species at Homestead, Florida

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Adaptation Trials of Cordia Species at Homestead, Florida CAMPBELL: CORDIA SPECIES TRIALS 437 The very fragrant flowers of J. fluminense state but appear early in the spring in the north have a conspicuously long floral tube which us ern areas. They open one or two at a time in each ually curves, and are borne in open clusters. The cluster over a long period. The flowers may have profusion of fruits which are produced are black either 4 or 5 corolla lobes. and about the size of peas. The calyx lobes are 9. JASMINUM MESNYI Hance, synonym very short. The leaves are truly compound com J. primulinum; the Primrose jasmine, is native posed of three rounded to gradually pointed to western China. leaflets which frequently have tufts of light The primrose jasmine is a large evergreen colored hairs on the undersurface. rambling shrub with drooping branches that bend Species 7 through 10 are hardy throughout to the ground. The angled branches bear op the state. posite compound leaves composed of three oblong 7. JASMINUM OFFICINALE Linn, syno almost sessile leaflets. nym J. poeticum; the Poet's jasmine or common The large bright yellow flowers have a darker jessamine, is native to India and China. yellow center and are borne singly in the axils of This the hardiest of the white flowered jas the leaves along the length of the stems. They mines may be found throughout the state of appear in great profusion in late winter and Florida as it is perfectly hardy in all areas. It early spring in the northern areas but the species is a weak stemmed shrub with compound leaves does not bloom well in the southern half of the that have 5-7 leaflets. The leaves are deciduous state. throughout most of the state but may be per 10. JASMINUM HUMILE Linn., synonym J. sistent in the extreme southern portion. A va revolutum; the Italian jasmine, is native to tropi riety with very large flowers is in the trade under cal Asia. the name J. officinale variety grandiflorum. The Italian jasmine, probably having been The large very fragrant pure white flowers introduced originally from Italy, is a large di- are borne in open clusters throughout the year fuse shrub with lax angled branches and alter but cooler winter weather inhibits blooming in nate compound leaves composed of 3-7 oval to the northern sections of the state. The calyx oblong leaflets, the terminal one having a long lobes are long and slender but are not wide stalk. This is perhaps the hardiest of our culti spreading. vated Jasmines. Species 8 through 10 have yellow flowers. The clusters of fragrant yellow flowers ap pear in late winter. The very short calyx lobes 8. JASMINUM FLORIDUM Bunge, synonym are triangular in shape. J. subulatum; the Showy jasmine, is native to China. REFERENCES The showy jasmine is a small open shrub with Bailey, L. H. et al. 1949. Manual of Cultivated Plants. MacMillan Company, N.Y. slender angular, flexuous green branches. The Bailey, L. H. and E. Z. Bailey, 1959. Hortus Second. MacMillan Company, N.Y. compound leaves are very small composed of Dickey, R. D. 1949. The Genus Jasminum in Florida. from 3-5 dark shining nearly evergreen leaflets Fla. State Hort. Soc. Proc. Vol. 62: 201-204. Dickey, R. D. et al. 1956. Ornamental Vines for Florida. arranged alternately. Golden yellow flowers in Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 571. Fairchild, D. G. 1947. The World Grows Round My Door. terminal and axillary clusters are produced Charles Scribner's Sons. N.Y. throughout the year in southern parts of the Neal, M.C. 1948. In Gardens of Hawaii. Berriice P. Bishop Museum, Special Pub. 40. Honolulu, Hawaii. ADAPTATION TRIALS OF CORDIA SPECIES AT HOMESTEAD, FLORIDA C. W. Campbell1 there has been a continuing interest in introduc tion of exotic Cordia species to Florida for use as The genus Cordia, of the Boraginaceae, con ornamentals. tains many species which are known for their Menninger (2) published observations on 13 beautiful flowers. One of these is the Geiger tree, Cordia species under cultivation at Stuart, Flor a native of the Florida Keys. Over the years, ida, including Cordia abyssinica, C. alliodora, C. ^Florida Sub-Tropical Experiment Station, Homestead. angiocarpa, C. boissieri, C. dentata, C. dodecan- Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 1571 dra, C. holsti, C. leucosebestena, C. lutea, C. ni- 438 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1962 tida, C. obliqua, C. sebestena, and C. superba var. the U.S. Department of Agriculture as P.I. elliptica. Of these, he considered only C. holsti 194499. In 1952 several trees were placed in a and C. leucosebestena to be unworthy of con planting of trees and shrubs native to the Florida sideration as ornamentals in Florida. Keys. They received no further care, and died Over the past 30 years, 11 woody, evergreen within a few years. The cause of their death species of Cordia have been tested at the Sub- is not recorded. This species should be tested Tropical Experiment Station for adaptation to further. the limestone soils (Rockdale series) of South Cordia leucosebestena Grieseb., a native of Florida. The trees were planted in drilled or Cuba, was received from the Atkins Garden, Cien- blasted holes and received a minimum of care, fuegos, Cuba, and planted in 1953. It has grown including fertilization once a year with a general well. The tree is pyramidal in shape, with sparse, purpose fertilizer and irrigation only in case of grayish-green foliage. The flowers are dull white severe drought. Although this sort of care was and not attractive. It can be propagated by seed dictated by economic necessity, it has also served and by marcottage. The species does not appear to reveal which species are well adapted to sur to be worthy of consideration as an ornamental in vival under the rigorous conditions of the lime Florida. stone soils of the lower east coast of Florida. Cordia lutea Lam., a native of Peru, was re The 11 species are listed below, along with ceived from the U. S* Department of Agriculture notes on their origin and observations of their as P.I. 129327. It was planted in 1939, and has performance at the Sub-Tropical Experiment grown exceptionally well. It is a small tree with Station. a rounded shape and dense foliage. The clus Cordia abyssinica R. Br., a native of the Old ters of bright yellow flowers are borne all year. World tropics, was received from the U. S. De This species is easily propagated by seed or by partment of Agriculture as P.I. 222152 and marcottage, and is a desirable ornamental for planted in 1956. It has been severely injured by this area. frost several times, and has not yet flowered. Cordia myxa L. was received from Col. R. H. Attempts to propagate one secimen by marcot- Montgomery and planted in 1940. It is medium- tage have failed, possibly due to the poor con ium-sized, spreading tree. The flowers are small dition of the tree. According to Eggeling (1), and inconspicuous. It produces an abundance of this species has beautiful, large, white flowers viable seeds. This species appears to have no and an attractive habit. Therefore, it will be of value as an ornamental. interest to observe the performance of the trees Cordia obliqua Willd. (Syn. Cordia tremula after they attain sufficient size to escape severe L.) was received from the West Indies in 1939 injury by frost. and from India in 1956. It grows very rapidly, Cordia angiocarpa A. Rich., a native of Cuba, and if not pruned, forms a spreading tree with was received from the Atkins Garden, Cienfue- a semi-prostrate habit. The dull white flowers gos, Cuba, and planted in 1953. This slow-grow are quite inconspicuous. An abundance of fruit ing tree has an oval shape and dense foliage. The is produced, and volunteer seedlings can be found leaves are large and dark green. The orange growing over a wide area. This species could flowers are very similar in size and color to those possibly be used in landscaping as a fast-growing, of the Geiger tree, C. sebestena, and are borne temporary screen, but it is of no value as a all year. This species can be propagated by seeds flowering tree in Florida. or by marcottage. It definitely is of value as an Cordia sebestena L., a native of the American ornamental in South Florida. tropics, was obtained from the Florida Keys, Cordia glabra Cham., a native of Brazil, was where it is known as the Geiger tree. In 1934, received from the U. S. Department of Agricul several trees were included in a planting of ture as P.I. 88112 and planted in 1932. It has trees and shrubs native to the Florida Keys. survived to the present time, although it was se They have been injured by frost several times. verely injured by frost several times. The flowers This slow-growing tree has attractive, dark green on this medium sized, spreading tree are small foliage and bears clusters of beautiful orange and inconspicuous. Nothing in the appearance or flowers all year. It has been grown as a door- performance of this species recommends it for yard ornamental in South Florida for many years. use as an ornamental. ..Cordia subcordata Lam., a native of Australia, Cordia globosa H.B.K., a native of Central was received from a California nursery and American and the West Indies, was received from planted in 1959. It died in 1960, probably as a FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1962 439 result of desiccation during the dry months of South Florida, for use as ornamentals.
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