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MAIMULT A MINIATUROMUTUUS010011863B2 TI WON HUN (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 Lipsky et al. ( 45 ) Date of Patent : Jul. 3 , 2018 (54 ) METHODS FOR DETECTING ENHANCED Grafman , Vietnam Head Injury Study, Aug. 2007 ( Year: 2007 ). * NMDA RECEPTOR FUNCTION AND USES Lipsky et al . (2011 - 2012 ARDRAF Final ProjectReport, abstract ) . ( Year : 2011 ). * THEREOF Ioannidis (Nature Genetics , vol . 29 , pp . 306 - 309 , Nov. 2001) ( Year: 2001 ). * (71 ) Applicant: INOVA HEALTH SYSTEM , Falls Hirschhorn et al. (Genetics in Medicine . vol . 4 , No. 2 , pp . 45 -61 , Church , VA (US ) Mar. 2002) ( Year: 2002) . * dbSNP, SS4950068 , https: / /www . ncbi. nlm .nih .gov / projects / SNP / (72 ) Inventors : Robert H . Lipsky , Kensington , MD snp _ ss .cgi ? subsnp _ id = 4950068) ( Year : 2001 ) . * Lipsky, Robert H . , ‘ Functional Characterization of Promoter Po (US ) ; Mingkuan Lin , Fairfax , VA Lymor - Ph I Sms of the Human Grin2b Glutamate Receptor Gene (US ) ; Yang Jiang , Lexington , KY (US ) Associated With Altered Memory Functioning in Older Adults ' In : 2011 -2012 Ardraf Final Project Report, 2012 , 2 Page See p . 2 , 2nd ( 73 ) Assignee : INOVA HEALTH SYSTEM , Falls Paragraph . ??????? Church , VA (US ) Lipsky , Robert H ., “Understanding the Development of Alzheimer ' s Disease From the Perspective of the Aging Brain ' In : George Mason ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this University College of Science Biology Department Seminar Fall patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2015 , Oct. 20 , 2015 , Johnson Center Room , 1st Sheet See 1st Sheet . U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . Yoo , Hee Jeong et al. , ' Family Based Association of Grin2a and Grin2b With Korean Autism Spectrum Disorders ' Neuroscience (21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /589 , 257 Letters . 2012 , vol . 512 , pp . 89 -93 Scc Abstract; Supplement Table Andreoli, Virginia et al ., ' Potential Involvement of Grin2b Encod (22 ) Filed : May 8 , 2017 ing the Nmda Receptor Subunit Nr2b in the Spectrum of Alzheim er ' s Disease ', Journal of Neural Transmission , 2014 , vol . 121, pp . (65 ) Prior Publication Data 533 - 542 See the Whole Document . US 2017 /0349943 A1 Dec . 7 , 2017 Jiang , Yang et al. , “ Functional Human Grin2b Promoter Polymor phism and Variation of Mental Processing Speed in Older Adults ' , Aging (Albany Ny) , Epub . Apr. 24 , 2017 , vol. 9 , No . 4 , pp . Related U . S . Application Data 1293 - 1305 See Abstract; p . 1294 , Right Column , 2nd -4th Para ( 60 ) Provisional application No . 62/ 341 , 883 , filed on May graphs ; p . 1296 , Right Column; p . 1299 , Left Column, 3rd Para graph ; p . 1300 , Right Column , 3rd . 26 , 2016 . International Search Report of PCT/ US2017 /031540 dated Aug . 8 , 2017 . (51 ) Int. CI. Lipsky H . Robert ; “ Understanding the Development of Alzheimer ' s CO7H 21/ 04 ( 2006 . 01 ) Disease from the Perspective of the Aging Brain " , George Mason C120 1 /68 ( 2018 . 01 ) University , College of Science , Biology Department Seminar, Fall C120 1 /6837 ( 2018 .01 ) (52 ) U . S . CI. 2015 . CPC . C12Q 1 /6837 (2013 . 01 ); C12Q 2600 /156 * cited by examiner ( 2013 .01 ) ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search Primary Examiner — Jeanine A Goldberg None (74 ) Attorney , Agent, or Firm — Polsinelli PC See application file for complete search history . (57 ) ABSTRACT (56 ) References Cited A method of determining the risk of cognitive decline in an aging subject is provided . Themethod includes analyzing an U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS MRNA transcript including a GRIN2B nucleic acid 2007 / 0048767 Al 3 /2007 Martucci et al . sequence for the presence of the A allele in a biological 2009 /0253585 Al 10 / 2009 Diatchenko et al . sample obtained from the subject . The method also includes identifying the subject as having a decreased risk of cogni OTHER PUBLICATIONS tive decline when the A allele is present. Syvanen (Nature , vol. 2 , pp . 930 - 942 , Dec . 2001) . ( Year: 2001) . * 8 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets carmenatent somJul. 3 , 2018 Sheetom 1 of 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 5'noncoding DOXA FIG.1 ETS dqOIE. * GGAA ggGGGAcac 717**** * * atent Jul. 3 , 2018 Sheet 2 of 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 GGAA/T rs3764030 A>G Coresequence Gallele GGGA Aallele GGAA ETScoresequence: )-(GTGT )-(GTGT )-(GGGA )+(GGAA : Stainedfor protein )+(GGAT FIG.2 )-(GGGA )+(GGAA Stainedfor dsDNA )+(GGAT CoresequenceETSsite(+or -) bufferpH6.3, ETS HEPES polydldcno Freeprobe atent Jul. 3 , 2018 Sheet 3 of 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmin .*. ?????????????????? * 3 .* ** in * * * te - V444444444444 s' werden . * prostitutionen . * *-1* . 10 . w.wewe . NMDA(UM) V . *..-W FIG.3 com La * *W . * * . * . wwwwwwww . Aven . smo s . .4 Ratio Renilla/ Luciferase Firefly U. S . Patentatent JulJul.. 33 , , 2018 Sheet 4 of 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 86 81 76Age ReactiontimevsAgeforrs3764030G/carriers FIG.4A 71 .. .. .. .. .. ) msec( time reaaction Mean atent Jul. 3 , 2018 Sheet 5 of 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 w 85 wwde - - 80 ReactiontimevsAgeforrs3764030A/G+ wwwwalewwwaaa AgeAge carriers 75 FIG.4B verewewewewewewewewewewewewewewe'#** 70 .. .. .. .. .. .. ) msec( time reaction Mean 144444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 atent Jul. 3 , 2018 SheetSheet6 6 ofof 7 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 . Age ReactiontimesvsAgeforrs3764030GG FIG.5A . .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' . target to Times eactionReaction Mean U. S . Patent atent TopJul. "3 ,8102 2018 Sheet 7 of 7 US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 * www * * « * aoy VpueOVOCO9/CSIJOJBOVSAownuopoean * asbl * wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww. * MYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYX * target to Times Reaction Mean US 10 ,011 , 863 B2 METHODS FOR DETECTING ENHANCED ing the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP ) rs3764030 NMDA RECEPTOR FUNCTION AND USES variant A allele from the human GRIN2B gene promoter. THEREOF Double - stranded DNA targets (Methods ) were sequentially incubated with 1 ug recombinant human Elk - 1 protein in CROSS -REFERENCE TO RELATED 5 EMSA buffer, then incubated with the Elk - 1 antibody 20 APPLICATIONS minutes . DNA - protein complexes were Samples were elec trophoresed through 6 % polyacrylamide gels in HEPES This application claims priority to U . S . Provisional Patent buffer pH 6 . 3 , without polydldC . The gel was then stained Application No . 62 / 341, 883 , which was filed in the U . S . with the SYBR Green to visualize DNA and SYPRO Ruby Patent and Trademark Office on May 26 , 2016 , all of which 10 for protein bound to DNA . The stained gel was scanned is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all using G :BOX ( Syngene , US ) for imaging . Elk - 1 bound to purposes. DNA is indicated by the arrow . The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which FIG . 3 depicts a concentration dependent response of has been submitted in ASCII format via EFS - Web andLis is human GRIN2B promoter in N2a cells carrying either the A hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety . The 15 or G alleles of SNP rs3764030 to NMDA . Luciferase Sequence Listing is being concurrently submitted via EFS reporter gene plasmids were constructed in PGL 4 . 10 ( to Web as an ASCII text file named 084453 569289 Sequence produce Firefly luciferase, Promega , US) . Luciferase Listing . Txt, created Jun . 8 , 2017 . reporter plasmids and the PGL4 .75 plasmid (to produce Renilla luciferase as a reference ) were co - transfected into GOVERNMENTAL RIGHTS 20 retinoic acid differentiated N2a cells and assayed for (Meth ods ). After 24 hours of transfection , the cells were incubated This invention was made with government support under for six hours with 0 , 30 , 50 , 70 or 90 UM NMDA for grants P30 AG028383 and K01 AG000986 awarded by NIH . transcription factors binding and then replaced with com The government has certain rights in the invention . plete media (with 10 % FBS ) and cultured for an additional 25 40 -44 hrs. Data are presented as means + SE . FIELD OF THE INVENTION FIG . 4A and FIG . 4B depict graphs showing the mean reaction time with increasing age . Data was examined by The disclosure provides methods for predicting memory analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) , based on stratification performance and determining the risk for cognitive decline . by A allele carrier genotype group differences . Performance 30 as mean reaction time versus age in GG homozygotes is BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION shown in FIG . 4A , while mean reaction time versus age in A allele carriers ( AA and AG genotypes combined ) is shown The earliest and the most severe memory loss in old age in FIG . 4B . A significant difference in the slopes of the and dementia occur in recentmemory and working memory . regression lines was observed ( - 3 . 994 + SE 3 . 460 for A allele Compared to young adults , older adults exhibit deficits in 35 carriers vs 5 .848 - SE 2 . 281 for G /G ; P = 0 .026 ) . working memory , an online memory mechanism that allows FIGS. 5A and 5B depict graphs showing the mean reac manipulation of a current target image amongst distracting tion time with increasing age . Data was examined by analy stimuli . Remote memory or long -term is better retained . sis of covariance (ANCOVA ) , based on stratification by A Evidence from neuropsychological and neuroimaging stud - allele carrier genotype group differences. Performance as ies of visual working memory indicates that working 40 mean reaction time versus
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  • Exocyst Components Promote an Incompatible Interaction Between Glycine Max (Soybean) and Heterodera Glycines (The Soybean Cyst Nematode) Keshav Sharma1,7, Prakash M

    Exocyst Components Promote an Incompatible Interaction Between Glycine Max (Soybean) and Heterodera Glycines (The Soybean Cyst Nematode) Keshav Sharma1,7, Prakash M

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Exocyst components promote an incompatible interaction between Glycine max (soybean) and Heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode) Keshav Sharma1,7, Prakash M. Niraula1,8, Hallie A. Troell1, Mandeep Adhikari1, Hamdan Ali Alshehri2, Nadim W. Alkharouf3, Kathy S. Lawrence4 & Vincent P. Klink1,5,6* Vesicle and target membrane fusion involves tethering, docking and fusion. The GTPase SECRETORY4 (SEC4) positions the exocyst complex during vesicle membrane tethering, facilitating docking and fusion. Glycine max (soybean) Sec4 functions in the root during its defense against the parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines as it attempts to develop a multinucleate nurse cell (syncytium) serving to nourish the nematode over its 30-day life cycle. Results indicate that other tethering proteins are also important for defense. The G. max exocyst is encoded by 61 genes: 5 EXOC1 (Sec3), 2 EXOC2 (Sec5), 5 EXOC3 (Sec6), 2 EXOC4 (Sec8), 2 EXOC5 (Sec10) 6 EXOC6 (Sec15), 31 EXOC7 (Exo70) and 8 EXOC8 (Exo84) genes. At least one member of each gene family is expressed within the syncytium during the defense response. Syncytium-expressed exocyst genes function in defense while some are under transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The exocyst component EXOC7-H4-1 is not expressed within the syncytium but functions in defense and is under MAPK regulation. The tethering stage of vesicle transport has been demonstrated to play an important role in defense in the G. max-H. glycines pathosystem, with some of the spatially and temporally regulated exocyst components under transcriptional control by MAPKs. Abbreviations DCM Detection call methodology wr Whole root system pg Per gram SAR Systemic acquired resistance During their defense against pathogen infection, plants employ cellular processes to detect and amplify signals derived from the activities of those pathogens.
  • Polymorphisms Near EXOC4 and LRGUK on Chromosome 7Q32 Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Fasting Glucose; the NHLBI Family Heart Study Jason M

    Polymorphisms Near EXOC4 and LRGUK on Chromosome 7Q32 Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Fasting Glucose; the NHLBI Family Heart Study Jason M

    Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Open Access Publications 2008 Polymorphisms near EXOC4 and LRGUK on chromosome 7q32 are associated with Type 2 Diabetes and fasting glucose; The NHLBI Family Heart Study Jason M. Laramie Boston University Jemma B. Wilk Boston University Sally L. Williamson Boston University Michael W. Nagle Boston University Jeanne C. Latourelle Boston University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Laramie, Jason M.; Wilk, Jemma B.; Williamson, Sally L.; Nagle, Michael W.; Latourelle, Jeanne C.; Tobin, Jennifer E.; Province, Michael A.; Borecki, Ingrid B.; and Myers, Richard H., ,"Polymorphisms near EXOC4 and LRGUK on chromosome 7q32 are associated with Type 2 Diabetes and fasting glucose; The NHLBI Family Heart Study." BMC Medical Genetics.,. 46. (2008). https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/269 This Open Access Publication is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Jason M. Laramie, Jemma B. Wilk, Sally L. Williamson, Michael W. Nagle, Jeanne C. Latourelle, Jennifer E. Tobin, Michael A. Province, Ingrid B. Borecki, and Richard H. Myers This open access publication is available at Digital Commons@Becker: https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/269