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Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan
New Series No. 11
Palaeontological Society of Japan
September 30, 1953 CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
234. Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, Juhan Coal-Field ...... Kiyoshi AsANo 55 235. Neogene Echinoids from Gifu Prefecture ...... Akira MoRISHITA 61 236. On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae ...... Masao MINATO 65 237. On the Pectetz notoensis Yoi President: Hisakatsu Y ABE Councillors: Kiyoshi AsAt.;o, Riuji E:--wo (Business and Accountant), Seido ENDO, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo, Shoshiro HANZAWA, Ichiro HAYASAKA, Nobuo li All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the PALAEONT 234. MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM THE HONYA SHALE ' JC>BAN COAL-FIELD* KIYOSHI ASANO Contribution from the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University ·fri 7J:~Ifl 4.: ft. iW v.>rf1L.!b.ft.:fi : ~ rll3CIJIW!IIf.ti!f.&v:ii f. Ill fir f, llf.J" i/.[Q)*ii-Ji:'til!• tc ~ t .ft.~ ~HL.!l!.{L::ti Ulf'$1: L, rtli1i Q) ~ c. h -r:tl >I{- JJ :.- ?"QJjtf'i£} t~ff~ L i!i4:mt Ul~ t t: o 1ffL.!Uft~fl J: IJ the environs of Taira City at the north Introduction to Ena-machi at the south of the Taira The foraminiferal fauna discussed Ena district. herein was collected from the Miocene The Honya shale, consisting of mainly Honya shale of the Yunagaya group by bluish-gray or white, thick-bedded shale Mr. Y. KAMADA of the Institute of with incoherent sandstone at the base. Geology and Paleontology, T6toku Uni contains abundant Foraminifera at versity during his geological survey of Yagawase, just south of Taira City the Taira-Ena district, Fukushima Pre (Lat. 37° 2' 4011 N., Long. 140° 54' E.), fecture. but few at Kamikuramochi, Kashima 1 11 The fauna is of interest from the mura (Lat. 36° 59 11) N., Long. 140° standpoint of correlation between the 56' 30'' E.) and at Ena-machi (Lat. 36° Tertiary formations of the Pacific and 58' 40" N., Long. 140" 571 30" E.). The Japan Sea coastal areas of Northern Foraminifera from the boring core drill japan. ed into the Honya shale at Yagawase Here, the writer expresses his cordial by the Coal Exploration Advancement thanks to Mr. Yasuhiko KAMADA for Committee of Japan was compared with submitting his collection to the present the present material. study. The Foraminifera from the Yagawase cores are scattered uniformly through Faunal Consideration out the shale, occurring from the depth of 1'~5 meters to the surface (Table 1). As the Tertiary stratigraphy of the This thickness nearly corresponds to J6ban Coal-field has been studied by the total of the Honya shale at many authors and was reviewed by Mr. Yagawase. ]. IWAI (1950), the writer devotes this paper to the stratigraphical significance The foraminiferal fauna from the of the smaller Foraminifera of the Honya shale at Yagawase consists of Honya shale which is distributed from 28 sp~cies, of which neritic or bathyal forms as Bulimina, Valvt4litzeria. * Read Sept. 27. 1952; received St>pt. 19. 1952. Cassidulina, Bolivina, Virgulitza and 55 56 Kiyoshi ASANO Table 1. Foraminifera from the Honya shale at Yagawase, Taira City. (Neritic to Bathyal facies) Depth of Core·sample From 70rn. 125m. the Surface A noma/ina sp...... R Bo!lt•ina marginala ...... F F F Eo/it• ina sp ...... R Bulimina ovata ...... F F A Cassidulina laevigata carina/a ...... c c c Cibicides cf. florida nus ...... R R Cyclam mina incisa ...... R F c Dentalina sp...... R Elphidium cf. yumotoense ...... R Entosolenia hexogona ...... R R Epistomilll!lla joponica ...... R F F EP01zides umbonalus ...... ·...... F R G/obigerina spp...... F F F Hap/ophragmoides comPressa ...... F R Hap/oPhrogmoides tmllisatum ...... R F F Lagena striata ...... R R Jo.fartinottie/la communis ...... R F 1-lonion sp. ·: ...... R Nodosaria sp...... R R Pullenia salisburyi ...... R F Quinqueloculi1w ak11eriana ...... R Robulus llikoboreiJsis ...... R R R Rotalia beccarii honyaensis ...... R R F Sphacroidina comPacta ...... R R SpiroPicctammina niigataensis ...... F F F ValV!tlilleria sadonica ...... R F c VirgulhiO honyaensis ...... R F A: Abundant, C: Common, F: Few, R: Rare Cyclammina are most common. The Table 2. Foraminifera from the Honya shale fine grained sediments and the absence at Kashim1·mura, Fukushima Prefecture. of carbonaceous material indicate also (Littoral facies) deposition in the medium·depth zones Kamikura· off the coast. mochi Ena Foraminifera from Kamikuramochi B111imina ovala ...... R and Ena (Table 2), on the contrary, Epistomi11ella jaPo11ica ...... R consists mainly of shallow water forms, Nonion akitaense ...... R such as Rotalia and Nonion. The No11ion jaPo11icum ...... R F Nonio11ella mioce11ica ...... F F environment of these genera agree with Quinquelocu/illa sp ...... R R the mega-fossils from these localities Rotalia beccarii ho11yae11sis ...... A c .which are also of shallow , habitat .(KAMADA's verbal communication). A : Abundant, C: Common, F: Few. R: Rrre Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, Joban Coal·field 57 Thus, it can be said that the environ· Description of New Species ment of the Honya shale was deeper in the northern part than in the south· Virgulina honyaerzsis AsANo, n. sp. eastern part. Text-fig. 6 Age Consideration Test elongate, slender, not compressed, both ends rounded, greatest breadth The present fauna can be used to near the middle, earliest part somewhat corrdate the Tertiary formations of the twisted, later biserial ; chambers in· Joban Coal-field with those of the oil· flated, increasing gradually in height fields of Akita, Yamagata and Niigata and ·length as added; sutures distinct, Prefectures. depressed ; wall smooth, finely perforate; Bolivina marginata, Cassidulina aperture elongate, narrow. Length up laevigata carirzata, Spiroplectammina to 1.2 mm., breadth about 0.3 mm. rziigataensis, Nonionella miocenica, Holotype: Institute of Geology and Valvulineria sadmzica, Bulimirw ovata, Paleontology, Tohoku University co:!. Robulus nikobarensis and Cibicides cf. cat. no. 75290. Yagawase, south of floridattus first appear in the Honya Taira City (Lat. 37° 21 40'1 N., Long. shale and mGst of them continue 140" 5,1' E.), Honya shale, Middle upwards into the overlying marine Miocene. formations, extending their ranges even Remarks: Differs from both V. ishiki· up to the Kokozura formation (K. ensis AsANo and V. complatta/a EGGER A5ANo, 1949). Similar stratigraphic by the subcylindricat test which is not occurrences of these speci£S are found tapering. This is only found at the from the Funakawa black shale to the type locality. overlying Kitaura formation in Akita and Yamagata Prefectures. These Rotalia beccarii Jzonyaensis Tertiary formations of the oilfields just AsANO, n. subsp. mentioned are geosynclinal in nature and therefore, characteristic species Text-figs. lla -c additional to those above-mentioned OC· Test biconvex, dorsal side more cur in association. convex, periphery broadly rounded, The facts presented suggest that the composed of about 4 whorls; chambers Honya shale may be correlated to the inflated, 8 to 10 in last whorl ; sutures Funakawa formation. not limbate, depressed, gently curved, Characteristic species of the Honya somewhat excavated near umbilicus, shale are also found in the Temblor which is not clearly granulated; wall and Astoria formations in Oregon, Washington ani California. Although *According to J. A. CUSHMAN and R. E. and it is difficult to correlate the present K. C. STEW ART, from 1848 to about 1918 fauna to those of such remote areas, the Astoria was variously assigned to Eocene, the geological age of the Honya shale Oligocene and Miocene, but during the past may be close to that of the Temblor 25 or 30 years the Miocene age has been or Astoria.* This view was. first sug generally accepted and research has indicated gested by the evidence of the molluscan that the Astoria formation belongs in the fossils (K. KANF.HARA, 1937 ). Middle lViocene. 58 Kiyoshi ASANO smooth; aperture a narrow slit at inner CUSHMA~. ). A. and PARKER, F. L .. (1931), margin of apertural face. Diameter up Miccene Foraminifera from the Temblor to 1 mm. of the East Side of the San joaquin Valley, Holotype : Institute of Geology and California. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Paleontology, Tohoku University coiL Contr., vol. 7, pp. 1-16. pis. 1-3. cat. no. 75291. 1 km. southeast of Kami CuSHMAN, ). A. and STE.WART. R. E. and K. C., kuramochi, Kashima-mura, Fukushima (1947), Five Pap!'rs of Foraminifera from the Tertiary of Western Oregon. Oregon 1 Prefecture (Lat. 36° 59 10'' N., Long. DePt. Ceo/. Min. ind., Bull. 36, pp. 1-110, 140" 56' 30" E.). Honya shale. Middle pis. 1-13. Miocene. KLEINPELL, R. M., (1938), Miocene Strati Remarks: Differs from both R. graphy of California. Am. Assoc. Petr. tochigiensis Ucmo and R. yubariensis Ceo/., pp. 1-450, pis. 1 22. As.-\Ko by the characters of the umbilical KANEHARA, K., (1937), Miocene Shells from region on the ventral side of test. This the Johan Coal-field. Bull. imp. Ceo!. Surv. is a common species in the Honya shale JaPan. vol. 27. no. 1. pp. 1-21. pis. 1-5. of the southeastern part of the Taira IWAI, )., (1950), Kameno-o Formation of the )oban Coal-field. Short Papers, bzst. Ceo/. Ena district. Pal., Tohoku Univ.. no. 1, pp. 59-77, 2 text-figs. References RAU, W. W., (1948). Foraminifera from the Miocene Astroria Formation in South AsA:\0, K., (1949), New Miocene Foraminifera western Washington. ]oum. Paleout., <'ol. from Japan. ]oum. Paleont., vol. 23, pp. 22. pp. 774-782, pl. 119. 423-430, 2 text-figs. -- , (1951), Tertiary Foraminifera from the -- . ( 1949), Foraminifera from the Asagai Willapa River Valley of Southwest Wash Formation of Fukushima Prtfecture, japan. ington. Ibid., vol. 25, pp. 417-453, pis. ibid., vol. 23, pp. 473-478, 2 text-figs. 63-67. Explanation of Text-figures Figs. 1. 2. SpiroPiectammina niigataemis ASANO and lNOMATA Yagawase, Taira City. x30 Figs. 3 a. b. Robulus nikobarensis (ScHwAGER) Yagawase, Taira City. x30 Fig. 4. Bulimina ovata n'ORIHGNY Yagawase. Taira City. x 40 Figs. 5 a-c. Cibicides cf. florida1ms (CUSHMAN) Yagawase, Taira City. x 30 Fig. 6. Virguliua honyaensis ASANo. n. sp. Yagawase, Taira City. x 40 Fig. 7. Bo/ivi11a marginata CUSHMAN Yagawase. Taira City x 40 Figs. 8 a. b. ElPhidium ct. yumotoense A SA NO Yagawase. Taira City. x 40 Figs. 9 a, b. Cassidulitza laevigata carina/a CUSHMAN Yagawase, Taira City. x40 Figs. 10 a-c. Nonionella miocenica CuSHMA!\ Yagawa'se, Taira City. x 30 Figs. ll a-c. Rotalia beccarii honyaensis ASAt\0. n. subsp. Kamikuramochi, Kashima-mura. x30 A:SAKO: Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, ]oban Coal-field 59 8 b Q~ 8 a r\fl~ 9 a ~- 9 ~10 -7 10 a 10 b 10 c 11 a llb llc 60 Publications Received PUBLICATIONS RECELVED ( 4) Number 913. Spath. L. F.: A New Tithonian Am Miocene of Oregon with Remarks on monoid Fauna from Kurdistan Northern Gomphothcrium. Ibid. Vol. 29, No. 1, Iraq. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist .. Geol., pp. 1-20. 1952. Vol. 1. No 4. 1950. 960. W111iams, H. : The Great Eruption of 944. Withers. T. H.: Cretaceous and Eocene Cos£quina. Nicaragua. in 1835 with Notes Peduncles of the Cirripedc Euscalpellum. on the 1\icaraguan Volcanic Chain. Ibid. Ibid., Vol. 1, No. 5, 1951. Vol. 29. No. 2. pp. 21-46, 1952. 945. Withers. T. H.: Some Jurassic and Cre 961. Welles. S. P.: A Review of the North taceous Crabs ( Prosoponidae). Ibid , Vol. American Cretaceous Et,.smosaums. Ibid. 1. No. 6, 1951. Vol. 29, No. 3. pp. 47-144. 1952. 946. Croft. W. N.: A N.:w Tro::hiliscus 962. Whittard. W. F.: Cyclopygid Trilobites (Charophyta) from the Downtonian of from Girvan and a Note on Bohemilla. Podolia. Ibid .. Vol. l, No. 7, 1932. Bull. British Mus. (Natur. Hist.) Geol. 9-17. Grimsdale. T. F.: Cretaceous and Ter Vol. I. No. 10, 1952. tiary Foraminifera from the Middle East. 963. Rocznik Folskiego Towarz:1ystwa Geo Ibid., Vol. 1, No. 8, 1952. logicznego. Vol. 21, No. 3, 1952. 948. White, E. : Au3tralian Arthrodires. Ibid., 964. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum. Vol. 1. Vo. 9, 1952. Bd. 1. Stuk 2. 1952. 949. jfi!;(7ilf?/ltfl~ No. 26, 19S2. 965. Ma, T. W. H.: Subaerial Frosions and 950. Jl!;ff;7ilf~. Vol. 2. No. 3, 1952. Amounts of Sliding of the Rigid Shell of 951. Ibid. Vol. 2, No. 4, 1952. · the Globe in the Pacific Basin Since the 952. Ibid. Vol. 2, No. 5, 1952. • End of the Cretaceous. Oceanogr. Sinica. 953. Howell. B. F.: Four New Devonian Sponges from Western Australia. Bull. 966. lt!::i..iti!W~.~;w. ~=(i!]l'fJ.il!'tlEW!J< (ttlil'Z. ~&). 1953. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Vol. 27. No. 1, 967. Jf!!::i.Jl!!.'litie\ffliiill. (t.fii!HZ. 1952. ~=!lil"'lfllillE~~ rul). 1953. 954. Howell. B. F.: New Lower C.1mbrian Hyolithes and Brachiopod from Alberta. 968. J[§.ll!!.iUI;~;:{· J.it=l!!l"'J!f:IJiE~~ (:jtjjfiz Ibid., Vol. 27, No. 2. 1952. ff!:). 1953 955. Howell, B.F. : Calcareous Algae as Index 969. :lt.fH:k~fii!.~'Fl~J*i!~ Ser. D. VoL III. No. Fossils. Palaeobotanist, Vol. 1. 3. 1952. 956. The American Midland Naturalist. Vol. 970. Ibid. Ser. D. VoL Ill, No. 25, No. 3, 1941. 4, 1952. 957. Lonsdal£>,]. T.: Contributions to Geology. 971. Jl!~l:.7ilf~ Vol. 2, No. 6, 1952. 1944. Univ. Texas Pub!. No. 4401, 1945. 972. Ibid. Vol. 3. No. 1. 1953. 958. Macdonald, G. A. : Geology of the 973. Ibid. VoL 3, No. 2. 1953. Western Sierra Nevada between the 974. Gazin. C. L.: The Lower Eocene Knight Kings and Sanjoaquin Rivers. California. Univ. California Pub!. Bull. Dept. Geol. Formation of Western Wyoming and its Sci. Vol. 26. No. 2. pp. 215-286. 1941. Mammalian Faunas. Smithon. Miscell. 959. Downs. T. : A new Mastodont from the Coli. Vol. 117. No. 18, 1952 Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S. No. ll, pp. 61-64, Pl. 6. Sept. 30, 1953 235. NEOGENE ECHINOIDS FROM GIFU PREFECTURE, JAPAN* AKIRA MORISHITA Kyoto University ~t.!jl.l}j!;.~ir~::*alf)ft?jmMfjij{: ~:liJiJ.iJil:±~..l(llf> ~~~~~r i!tfflQ;J ;m~.:::. *.t !J .mu1 L tc m~ft."1i Echiltocyamus crispus MAZZETTI, AstriclyPeus matmi VERRILL. Astriclypeus manni minomsis MoRISHITA, Schizaster sp. ~ ~d~ L. 1~ "< V"Jpi1/Iill't!{ll.&V:jl;:ffft1; 2: ~JJG'ji1:: -;- ~ o ~ -r .\t, Some fossil specimens of echinoids Pl. 6, Figs. 4, 5 from Mizunami·Machi, Gifu Prefecture 1914. Echi11ocyamus crisPus, H. L. CLARK: are at my disposal. Kaz·.1o HuziTA and Hawaiian Ech .. p. 62 Sunao OcosE have worked out the 1933 Echi110Cyamus crispus, S. NISIYAMA: Tertiary stratigraphy of this district in Iwanami-Koza, p, 46. figs. 57 A-D detail. The following species and sub 1937. Fibularia crispa, ]EANNET & MARTIN: species are identified : Echinocyanms Leidsche Geol. Mcdedeel.. VIII. 2. p 239 crispus MAZZETTI, Astriclypeus mamzi 1948. Echiuocyamus crisPus, TH. MoRTEN· VERRILL, Astriclypeus manni minoensis SEN: Monograph IV 2. p. 185, pl. XLVI, MoRISHITA and Schizaster sp. figs. ·16. 47. 55 Echinocyamus has never been reported Description-The test is small, pen from Japan, except a discovery in Ryu tagonal, and pointed in the anterior kyu Islands. Schizaster has been dis ambitus. The abactimil surface is covered in various localities of Japan. rather fbt, and less elevated than in Many specimens of this genus from Fibularia. other localities are now under examina The ambulacral petals are well tion. The result will be published in developed, with 14 pore-pairs; the pores near future. Asf1·iclypeus has been are round. Each ambulacrum usu known in general to occur in the Mio ally reaches to the 2/3 length of cene rocks of this country. radius. The posterior ambulacral petals I wish to acknowledge my indebted are somewhat longer than the other ness to Professor Jiro l'viAKIYAMA of three. Each petal gets outside till Kyoto University for his kind revision the 1/4 length of it from the apical of English and to Mr. Kazuo HuziTA of system, afterwards parallel, and open Osaka City University, Mr. Sunao OcosE at the extremity. of University of Tokyo and Mr. Junji The apical system is subcentral, a horGAWA of Kyoto University for their little anteriorly. The genital pores and kind offers of the specimens. madreporite are indistinct. The tubercles of abactinal side are Description of Species. rather large. Echinocyamus crispus M,\ZZETTI * Read Sept. 27. 1952; received Oct. 1, 1952. 61 62 Akira MORISHITA lvfcasuremellls :- 1947. Astric/ypeus mamti, I. HAY!\SAKA: (in mm.) Length Width Acta Geologica Taiwmlica, vol. 1, no. 2. Specimen A 22 15 p. 116, pis. 12 (2), 13 (1). 14 (1 ). 15 (1) Specimen B 13.4 7.5 194-8. Astric/ypeus manni, Til. MORTENSEN: MonograPh JV-2, p. 416, pis. 59, figs. Observation-The material at my 1-3; 62, fig. 1 ; 72, figs. 17, 18. 20, 21 disposal consists of two inner moulds of 1949. AstriclyPeus mauni, A. MoRISHITA: the abactinal side, of which the smaller ] our. Geol. Soc. f ap 111. vol. 55. p. 256 one is poorly preserved, but the larger 1952. AstriclyPeus manni, A. MORISHITA: one shows considerably distinct ambu· Mimz. Col/. Sci , Kyoto Univ., ser. B. vol. lacral areas. 20, no. 2, art. 7. p. 109. table 1. pl. 11, fig. 2 These specimens are more or less re sembling Fibularia australis DESMoUL Description-The test is thin, with a INS, but differ from it in the flattened sub.pentagonal outline. The apical test, the shorter ambulacra, and the system is at the centre of test. longer posterior paired ambulacra. This species had been discovered in the The paired ambulacral petals are Ryukyu Limestone of Ryukyu Islands. nearly equal in length and width ; the odd one is more or Jess larger than the Geological Horizon- Oidawara Tuf other four ; all the ambulacral petals faceous Mudstone. (Upper Miocene, G) are closed at the extremities. The Locality- lchihara, Mizunami-Toki- poriferous zone of each ambulacral Machi, Toki-Gun, Gifu Prefecture. petals is broad. The lunule situates at Associated Fatma-Afacoma tokyoensis the extremity of each ambulacrum. MAK!1AMA. The actina! surface is flat. The actinal furrows are very distinct. Astriclypeus mmmi VERRILL Observation-Only a complete speci men and several fragments of this Pl. 6, Fig. a species are at hand. This only specimen 1885. .4striclyPeus ma1111i. L. DoDERLEIN: was compared with Astriclypeus mmmi Arch. f. Naturgesclz .. LI, 1, p. 35 minoensis in a former paper. (A. MoRI· 1900. AstriclyPeus mamzi, S. YoSHIWARt\ : SHITA, Mem. Coil. Sci., Kyoto Univ., Zoo!. Mag., t•o/. 12, p. 393. pl. 16, figs. 1952) The other specimens from this 11. 12 district seem to be somewhat larger. 1938. Astriclypeus mamzi, K. ONODA: Japan. four. Zoo!., Vol. 8, no. 1, p. 8 llfcasuremcnts :- 1939. Astric!ypeus mamzi, H. IKEDA: ]our. (in mm.) Longitudinal Diameter 118 Dep. Agr. Kyusyu Imp. Utzi~>., vol. 6, Transverse Diameter 129 pis. 2 (8-11). 3 (6-7), 12 (9). 13 (·1-6) Height 14 Ambulacrum II lU IV v Length of Petal 27 28 29 28 28 Width of Petal 14 13.5 14.5 1·l 14 Length of Lunule 21 18 16.2 17.5 18 ,.,,., Width of Lunule 1.1 7.7 6.5 7.2 6 Width of Interporiferous Zone 5.7 5 5 5 5 Interval of Petal & Lunule 3.5 3.5 3 3 3 Neogene EchinOids from 'Gifu Prefecture, Japan 63 Geological Horizot%-Shukunohora Sal'ld· Meastirements : •(in mm.) Length 39.2 stone. (Mid. Miocene, F2-F3) Locality--Shukunohora, Hiyoshi-Mura, Width 37.0 Height 21.8 Toki-Gun, Gifu Prefecture. Associated Forma- Opercu/it%a com Observatiot%-As the only one specimen Planata japonica HASZAWA, Jl!Jiogypsit%a at my disposal shows merely the oatline kotoi HANZAWA. of test and the paired ambulacra, though it appears differing from other Asi1-iclypeus mmmi minoet%sis forms of the genus, proposal of a new species is postponed. MoRISHITA There are two living species, Schizaster Pl. 6. Figs. I, 2 japonicus, Schizaster ventricosus and two fossil species, Schizaster t·ecticanalis, 1952. Astric!ypeus mamzi minomsis. A. MoRI Sclzizaster tzummuliticrts in Japan. The SHITA: Mem. Col/. Sd., Kyoto Univ .. present form differs from these species ser. B. vol. 20. no. 2. art. 7, p. 11. in various characters, for instance, fig. 1 differing from Sch. recticana/is in the This specimen is same as one of my straight postero-lateral ambulacra. original description. Geological Horizon- Oidawara Tuf · Geological Horizon-Shukunohora Sand faceous Mudstone. (Upper Miocene, G) stone, (Mid. Miocene, F2-F3) Locality- Dan, Mizunami-Toki-Machi, Associated Fauna-Same as Astricly Toki·Gun, Gifu Prefecture. peus mamzi. Associated Fauna-Yoldia laudabilis YoKOYAMA. Schizaster sp. indet. References Pl. 6. Fig. 6 CLARK, H. L. (1914): Hawaiian Echini. Clype Description-The test is cordiform in astridae-Scutellidae. outline and rather low in height. The DoDERLEIN. L (1885): Seeigel von Japan u. abactinal surface is elevated to the d. Liukiu Inseln. Arch. /. Nafurgesch .. Ll, centre from the ambitus, forming a 1 steep slope in the ambitus. The apical HAYASAKA, I. (19,17): Notes on Some Fossil system eccentric posteriorly, sitmrting Echinoids of Taiwan. HI. Acta Geologica in 2/5 of the longitudinal diameter. Taiwat~ica, vol. 1. no. 2. The anterior groove is shallow. All HUZITA, K. & 0GOSF., S (1950): Lithologic the ambulacra are petaloid and straight, Classification of the Cenozoic Strata in the reaching in 2/3 of the radius of test. Northern Area of Mizunami-Machi, Tok.i The posterior paired petals forming an Gun. Gifu Prefecture. Japan. ]our. Geol. Soc. JaPan. vol. 56. no. 662. angle of about 70° one another, are very IKEDA, H. (1939): Studies on the Pseudo short and about one half of the length fasciole of the Scutellids. ]our. Dep. Agr. of the anterior paired ones. The inter Kyusyu Imp. Univ., vo/. 6. ambulacrum V is slightly elevated jEAN NET. A. u. MARTIN. R. (1937): Ueber making a keel-like ridge. The peri Neozoische Echinoidea aus dem Nieder· petalous and lateral fascioles are landisch-lndischen Archipel. uidsche Ceo· indistinct. logische Mededeelingeu, 8, 2. 64 Akira MORISHITA MoRISHITA, A. (1949): Neogene Echinoids NISIYAMA, S. (1933): Echinodermata, lwa from Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures. nomi-Koza (Manual of Geology and ]our. Geo/. Soc. JaPan, vo/. 55. Palaeontology). -- , (1952): Fossil AstriclyPeus from Japan. ONoDA, K. (1938): Notes on the Develop Mem. Col/. Sci., Kyoto Univ., ser. B, vol. ment of Some Japanese Echinoids. ]aPatz. 20, no. 2, art. 7. ]our. Zoo/., vol. 8, no. 1. MORTENSEN, Til. (1948): A Monograph of YOSHIWARA. S. (1900): Japanese Echini. the Echinoidea, IV-2 (Ciypeastroida). Zoo/. Mag., vol. 12. Explanation of Plate 6 Fig. 1. Astric/ypeus mmmi mitwensis MoRISHITA, in Shukunohora 5andstone. Abactinal Side. x3/5 ·Fig, 2. AstriclyPeus mmmi mi71oCJISis MoRISHITA, in Shukunohora Sandstone. Abactinal Side. xl/2 Fig. 3. Astriclypeus nzamzi VERRILL, in Shukunohora Sandstone. Abactinal Side. X 3/5 Fig. 4. Echinocyamus crisPus MAZZETTI, in Oidawara Tuffaceous Mudstone. Abactinal Inner Mould. Nat. Size. ·Fig. 5. Echinocyamus crisPus MAZZETTI. Same Specimen as Fig. 4. x 2. Fig. 6. Schizasler sp., in Oidawara Tuflaceous Mudstone. Abactinal Side. x 3/4 MoRISH ITA : Neogene Echinoids from Gifu Pref. PLATE 6 4 6 Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S. No. 11, pp. 65-73, 3 text-figs., Sept. 30, 1953 236. ON SOME RETICULATE SPIRIFERIDAE* MASAO MINATO Dep:ntment of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Sapporo, Japan. 52.t1- Reticularinae WAAGEN Squamularia GEMMELT.ARo 1899; Reticularia ...... Phricodothyris GEoRGE, 1932; Lower M'Cov 1844; Georgethyris nov. Si11othyris nov.; Carboniferous to Permian Phricodothyris GEORGE 1932. Martinothyris With dental plates in ventral and socket plates nov.; Torynifer HALl. and CLARKE 1895; Kita. in dorsal valve ...... Martinothyris MINATO,. kamithyris MINATO 1951; Spirelytlza FREDE· nov.; Lower Carboniferous RICKS 1919; Co11drathyris nov.: and Nebe11othyris With median septum in each valve ...... Nebe nov. are treated in this note. notlzyris MINATO, nov.; Lower Carbonife· rous to Permian There are two groups in the subfamily With dental plates and median septum in Reticularinae WAAGRN in respect to the ventral valve and median >eptum in the nature of spine bases which ornament dorsal valve ...... Torynifer CLARKE and HALL, Lower Carboniferous shell surface ; one group with uniramous 1895; With dental plates and mediam septum in spine bases, the other with biramous. ventral valve but without an apical plates Several genera are also distinguished in in dorsal valve ...... Kitakamiihyris MINATO, each of these groups based upon the 1951; Lower Carboniferous apical stmcuture of shells. Thus the With pseudospondylium ...... SPirelytha FRE DERICI 65 66 Masao MINATO genus, which are Atzomiies lineata, imbricata. Terebratula im6ricata.· andl 'R'eticularia. The original · description of M'Cov reticulata. According to GEoRGE,l> runs as follows : BucKMANN considered that Reticularia reticulata, of which the specific name " General character : Hinge line s'lorter than has the same meaning as the generic, the width of the shell; cardinal at a triangular; must become automatically the genotype cardinal angles very obtusely rounded ; mesial by the Rules of Nomenclature. However fold very slightly raised or none : surface or namented with eitht'r fine longitudinal or trans· " reticulata " is said to be not literally verse striae, or most usually reticulated by the same word of " Reticularia" and both; dental lamellae perfectly parallel." the original specimen of R. reticztlata "This beautiful little group includes all those M'Cov, according to GEoRGE, was lost, spirifers analogous to S. imbricata, S. lineata, so we are at present unable to clarify S. microgemma, S. reliculata, S. decussata, etc. the specific distinction of this genus having a reticulated or striated surface combined from amongst the original syntypes of with the J;reneral form and cardinal area of M'Cov ; therefore R eticularia reliculata Martinia M'CoY, in which genus I formerly spould not be used as a genotype, until placed them. although they o·,,·iously formed a such time as the holotype be fou!ld. very marked group. distinguishable by its sma'l Then the priority of designation become size, reticulated or striated surface, and very the next problem. The matter is quite remarkably by the entire absence of ·he mesial important, because these two types of fold in most species (in one or two species " lineata " and " imbric.•ta " are not which possess a trace of mesial fold, it is very congeneric, as will be stated. According ~lightly elevated). 13ut the internal structure which I have recently seen in three of the to GEoRGE, Anomites litteata has quite species presents a very distinct and important well developed dental plates, but no charact2r; the dental lamellae, instead of con median septum, while Terebratula verging towards the beak (@ that is, having imbricata has median septum besides diverge plates towards th~ floor of the shell) the dental plates; moreover, he as in all other forms of SPirifer, are in those mentioned that plates of the latter are specimens perfectly parallel to each other and parallel in arrangement toward the to the central septum, in their whole length. floor of the shell, instead of divergent The genus is Carbonifero-.:s and Devonian." as in the former. W AAGEN, FREDERICKS and others supposed Anomites lineata Thus M'Cov laid special stress on the to be a genotype of the genus possession of dental plates, which are R eticularia. divergent towards the floor of the shell, However DAviDsoN was the first, so to distinguish his newly established far as the writer has been able to genus, from allied genera. However :(ind, who designated unequivocally GEoRGE considered later on that the Tt;t·ebratula imbricata SoWERBY as the importance of M'Coy's statement rests type of Reticularia, instead of Anomites only in its recognition of the develop lineal a M'Cov. The same view had ment of dental plates, rather than in also been stated by GEORGE formerly. Thus the genotype is determined: the 1) GEORGE T. N.: The British Carboniferous original description of M'Coy well cor Reticulate Spiriferidae. Q ].G.S. London, vo/. :r.e~ponds· ~q the features of specimens 88 p. 516, 1932. ~~signated b¥ GEoRGE as Reticularia @) by the writer. On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae 67 th~ manner of their arrangement as different from either the usual biramous either parallel or divergent. The or from the uniramous type, but they present writer wishes to emphasize the may be grouped rather in the category importance of M'Coy's diagnostic state of the latter type from GEoRGE's inent regarding the ma!mer of the observation ; the writer wishes here development of dental plates. follow his view. The next problem is the surface Thus the diagnostic character of the ornamentation of shell, especially in the genus Reticularia may be summarized spine base of the genotype. GEoRGE as follows: brachythrid shell in form, formerly regarded to be important the biconvex, hinge line shorter than the shell surface of the genus Reticularia greatest width, provided with dental with uniramous spines, instead of plates and median septum; the former biramous ones, though he was not two arr<).nging in parallel but neither entirely certain about it. divergent nor convergent toward the GEoRGE described the spine bases of floor of the ventral valve. The whole the genus Reticularia as follows: "Some surface is covered by concentric lamellae of the ttodes are divided by a feeble with pustules which may possibly be median furrow, and then distantly sug uniramous. gest the split spine-bases of species of Phricodothyris." This description may indicate, in the writer's opinion, somewhat biramous ···ct nature of the spines. Notwithstanding this, GEoRGI-: also offered some remarks in the description of Reticularia Profectal> that these types of spine bases are quite distinCt from the definite biramous spines of Phricodothyris. His statement runs as follows: " The ornament is. well ·.~· preserved ott part of the shell. The concetztric lamellae occur about 6 to 8 in a length of 10 mm. What appear to be bases of split sPines are well disPlayed Fig. 1. Showing the spine bases on the shell surface of Kitakamithyris hikoroitie11sis on each lamella. These are by no means (MI:-:ATO). Ca 12 times enlarged. comParable with the biramous spjne-bases of species of Phricodothyris, but are very Genotype: Reticularia imbricata similar to those occurring 011 Reticularia (M'CoY) 1844 imbricata: that is, though divided PostEriorly, the two elements appear to Reticularia mesolobe In this r~spect, genus Squamzelaria is while the internal structures of the pedicle quite the same as Phricodothyris and valve were not investigated by him. the distinguishing criteria of these two genera are only in the nature of the Genus Condrathyris MINATo, nov. spine bases; the former of which is uni With no dental plates and no median ramous in contrast to the biramous septum in the ventral valve but provides character of the latter. Although the distinct socket plates in the dorsal \"al\te. shell ornament was said to be not origin ally precisely examined in the case of the Genotype: Squamularia ? perPlex genotype of Squamularia, the later in (McCHESKEY) of DuNBAR and CoNDRA vestigators clarified this point. That is that the spine bases of this genus Squ DuNBAR andCoKDRA6>hesitated to assign amularia are definitely uniramous. their species to the genus Squamularia. DEMANET11 who believed the validity This species has biramous spines on the of this genus Pflricodotlzyris added such shell surface and lacks dental plates as three species as P. lripustulosa, P. mono well as median septum in the ventral pustulosa, and P. georgei which came valve, therefore it should be regarded to from the passage bed of the Dinantin to belong to the genus Phricodotlryris the Namurian in Belgium. All species rather than to Squamularia. described by both GEoRGE and DEMANET However they pointed out the presence may belong to the higher Lower Carboni of a pair of lamellae in the dorsal valve, ferous in Western Europe, while this which they considered as serving as the genus may be seen to range until a supports of the crual plates. These are much later time in Eastern Asia, because the present writer's socket plates. And Squamularia eclzinata described by the socket plates of this species are not parallel to the floor of the dorsal valve, CHAc2' from the Taiyuan Series of North but arranged in convergency. The writer China is nothing but Pllricodothyris, which bears a distinct double barrelled supposes that this species may not be con type of spines but possesses neither dental specific with the species reported under plates nor median septum. 1) DEMANET, F.: La Faune dts Couches de Phricodothyris is also found newly from pass;1ge du Dinantien au Namurien dans le the Japanese Permian. synclinorium Denant. Ilfem. Muse Roya!. Of the so-called Reticularia lineata of d"Hist. Nat. be/g. Mem. 110. 84, p. 94. 1938. 1 the Salt Range, described by W AAGEN,3 2) CHAO, Y. T.: Carboniferous and Permian the internal structures are unfortunately Spirifers of China. Pal. Si11ica. Ser. D. ~:ol. unknown, although the spine bases, ac XI, fasc. 1. p. 86, pl. Vlll, fiig. 19. 1929. cording to DAviDsoN, are of distinctly 3) WAAGEN, W.: Salt Range fossils. Palaeo biramous type. In Reticulan·a indica nto/ogia Indica, Ser. XIIJ. 1882, p. 5'10, pl. W AAGEN,4l there are no median septum XLII, figs. 6-8. and no dental plates, so it may probably 4) WAAGE~. W.: op. cit. p. 542, pl. XLlli, fig. 2. belong to the same category as Phrico 5) WAAGEN, W.: op. cit. p. 545, pl. XLIV. dothyris, though WAAGE!" did not describe fig. 1. definitely the nature of the spine bases. 6) DUNBAR, C. 0. and CoNDRA. G. E.: Reticularia elegantula W AAGE:-:,s• found Brachiopoda of the Pennsylvanian system in in association with the last one from the Nebraska. Nebraska Ceo/. Surv. Bull. :.. p. Salt Range also bears biramous spines, 313, pl. XLII, figs. 5-8, 1932. 70 Masao MlNATO the same name by Gunyll from the But the specimen on page 545 lias Wewoka formation of Oklahoma. GIRTY dental plates in the ventral valve and mentioned that there are no internal two socket plates in the dorsal valve'. plates in his species. The writer wishes The writer selects this specimen as the here to establish · a new genus based ge:10type and wishes to propose a new upon DUI\BAR and CoNDRA's specimens. genus. In this new genus, dental plates This came, according to them, from are sub-parallel in arrangement; which the Middle Pennsylvanian in Nebraska. is quite worthy of note, and, moreover, a short median septum is present, which Genus Afartinotlzyris MINATO, nov. is quite incipiently indicated in the dorsal valve. With dental plates in the ventral valve, Thus the apical apparatus of this with socket plates and incipient median genus is quite the same as that of the septum in the dorsal valve. genus Martinopsis, except for the presence of a short median septum in Genotype : Plzricodotlzyris lineata the dorsal valve. (MARTIN), 1932 @ of GEoRGE According to GEoRGE,2' the type of Genus Torynifer HALL and CLARKE, 1895 "Reticulan·a lineata" was lost and he selected as neotype a specimen from the The exterior of the shell is ornamented type localitY, where MARTIN recorded the by concentric lamellae and biramous species as being particularly common. spines like Phricodothyris, but this This agrees, in his opinion, with the genus provides always strong dental specimens in MARTIK's figure in propor plates and median septum in the ventral tions and general appearances. Diagnosis valve, and, besides this, it bears of this species stated by him was as distinct median septum in the dorsal follows: "A transverse species of Pin·ico valve. dothyris, typically rectimarginate, the The Mississippian species described anterior margin bei1tg semicircular in by W ELI.ERo under the names of dorsal view. Apical Plates variously Reticularia pseudolineata, R. setiger and developed between Primitive and inter· R. cooPerensis are assignable to this mediate stages. genus. M. A. STAINnRooKS> described Thus GEoRGh3' did not recognize the 1) GIRT¥, G. H.: Fauna of the Wewoka prime importance to distinguish the shells formation of Oklahoma. U.S. G. S. /Jul/. 110. either specifically or generically in respect 544, 1915. p. 92, pl. XI. figs. 1-3a. to the presence or absence of the apical (::.:) Phricodothyris li11eata. p. 545, fig. 6, GEoRGE. plates of the valves. op. cit. He regarded all specimens with or 2) GEoRGE, T. N.: The British Carboniferous Reticulate Spiriferidae. Q. f. G. S. Loudon. without apical plates in one genus. But vol. 88, p. 543. the present writer cannot agree with that 3) Ibid .. p. 555. view. 4) WELLER, S.: The Missis>ippiim Brachiopoda Of GEoRGE's specimens, the one illust of the Mississippi v:~ll~:y basin. Monograph 1. rated by him on page 546 under the State Geo/. Surv. lllinois, p. 437, 1914. 5) STAINBROOK, M.A.: Brachiopoda of the name is devoid of Phricodothyris lineata Percha Shale of New Mexico and Arizona. any apical plates and therefore that } our. Paleont. vol. 21, no. 4, 1947. p. 325, pl. specimen is nothing but a Phricodotlryris. 47, figs. 38-42. On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae 71 one species of this genus from the tions and may he rather regarded as Lowest Member of the Mississippian in allied with Plectospjrifer than with New Mexico. Reticularia. But it bears biramous spines and must be not wholy congeneric Genotype: Torynifer criticus with either of them. This species comes HALL and Cr.,\RKE from the Devonian Hamilton Formation and the other species under the group Genus Kitalwmithyns MrNATo, 1952 of Iamellosi dupliciplicati may come With dental plates and a median from the Mississippian and younger septum in the ventral valve but no formations. septate partitions in the dorsal valve. Thus such reticulate spirifers with biramous spines and dental plates as Genotype: Torynifet· (l(itakamithyris) well as a median septum in the ventral tyoanjiensis MINATO. valves as Torynifer and Kitakamithyris A few species of this group from the b~gan to appear from the Lower Lower Carbiniferous of japan may be Carboniferous but not from the Devonian quite like genus Torynifer in the outer in age. configuration of shells, external orna mentation and internal structures of the Genus Spirelytlw FREDERicKs, 1919 ventral valve, but they differ from the With pseudosponclylium. latter in possessing no median septum in the dorsal valve. Genotype: SPirz)er sclzei TscHER:- According to GEoRGE,2) this genus a from the arctic Permian is provided with biramous spines and pseudo spondyliurn. According to PAECKELMAN~3> there is an incipient median septum in this genus. I) rviiNATo. M.: On the Lowccr Carbonif~rous fossils of the Kitakami massif. northeast llonsyu. Jap:tn. ]our. Fac. Science, Hokkaido Fig. 2. K•talwmithyris tyoaujiensis (MINATo) Univ .. Ser. IV, Gco!. and Mi11. vol. Vll. 110. a: showing traces of dental plates and 4. p. 374, 1951. median septum in the ventral valve. xI MINATO, J\1. : A. further note on the b: dorsal view of shells. x 1 Lower Carboniferous fossils of the Kitakami c : spine bases. enlarged 10 times. Mountainland. Northeast ].tp:m. Jbid, vol. d: spine bases, enlarged 5 times. VI Il, no. 2. p. l70, 1952. 2) GEORGE. T. N. : The British Carboniferous Reticulate Spiriferidae. Q.]. G. S. London, All species mentioned by HALL and l'ol 88, p. 525, 1932. Ct.ARKE as members of the " Lamellosi 3) PAECKELMANN, W.: Versuch einer zusam dupliciplicati " may belong to the genus menfassenden Sy~tematik der Spiriferidae KING. N. ]b. f. Min. rtsw. Berl. Bd. 67. Abt. Torym)er except the Hamilton species. B, 1932. The so-called Spirifer fimbriatus CoNRAD @) FREDERICKS, G.: Bzdl. Geol. Com., vo/. of HALL and CLARKE bears radial plica- 38, 110. 3, 1919, p. 3(}1. 72 Masao MI!'IA TO Genus Nebenothyris M1NATO, nov. in the ventral valve. But there is a prominent median septum in the ventral Ger.otype: Spi?'ifer (Reticularia) valve in this species. Besides this, the lineatus NEHE, @@ non MARTIN existence of one more septum in the dors1l valve is indicated by his illustra· The species described and figured by tion, though he did not mention such a NEBE from the Culm formations of structure. Haagen under the name of Spiri/er The feature of the special plates of (Reticularia) linealtts (MARTI:-:) has a this species may accordingly be quite prominent median septum in the ventral common with the genotype of this new valve and moreover has such a septum genus just proposed above. However in the dorsal valve. REED did not offer any remarks on the There is no other apical plate in this existence of such a septum in the dorsal specimen. Basing his opinion upon valve, as above stated, and the writer is such peculiarity in the septated partions very hesitant to consider this species as of the apicals, the writer wishes to being wholy congeneric with Nebenothy propose a new generic name for this ris. If the median septum is lacking in species. the dorsal valve, HEED's species should NEBE described as follows: "Auffalend be separated in subgeneric rani< from ist eine schmale, aber schar/e Nebenothyris. RF.ED's description about Mediattlesiste der Stielklappe, die aber his species runs as follows : mtch in der At·mklappe angedeutet ist." Next the problem arises, whether this "Shell subcircular, gently biconvex. Pedicle valve moderately convex, not infhted, with a species is ornamented by the uniramous narrow weak median groove extending from spines or by biramous ones, because the beak to the anterior margin, but no sinus. NEBE mentioned nothing about it. Beak strongly incurved, and umbonal slopes However NmE regarded his species as rounded. Interior of valve with short small being quite conspecitlc with the species divergent teeth, but no dental plates: broad described by ScurJ-:11 in his monograph low ridge running forwards from apex of beak under the name of Reticularia lineata. nearly to front margin, narrowing and Meanwhile ScuriN's sp~cirnens were decreasing in strength anteriorly, subangular said to be provided with distinct and prominent between the narrow flabelliform biramous spines. Therefore the ill·definecl didductor scars. Whole of rest of diagnostic character of this genus may interior (including I•1uscu)e.scars) marked with be summarized as: With median septa fine radiating closely placed striae, somewhat sinuous and broken on inosculating in some in the ventral as well as dorsal valves. places and occasionally deeping into pits. Ornamented by concentric lamellae and biramous spines. (jll~~) NEBE, B. : Culmfauna von Haagen, ein One species described and figured by Beitrag zur Kenntnis des westfallishes Unterkarhons. N. ]b. f. Min. usw. Beil. Bd. REEn2> from the Paleozoic of Yunnan, 3 1' p. 4t, pl. 14, fig. 14, 1911. S. China, under the name of Reticttlaria 1) SCUl'IN, J. : Spiriferen Deutschlands. p. 52, sublineata REF.Il, is specially worthy of pl. 4, figs 11 .. 13, 1900. note. It is ornamented with biramous 2) REED, C: Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossils spines on the whole surface of the shell from Yun.nan. Palaeontologia Indica. New with concentric lamellae, and possesses Series. vo!. X, mem. 110. 1. 1929, p. 146, pl. no dental plates, except divergent teeth XIV, figs. :3-6. On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae 73 "External surface of shell covered with thin row of spine-bases on the laminae (leaving broad concentric laminae of subequal width, punctate on the internal cast)." each bearing a submarginal single row of "double barrelled " hollow spine-bases of In concluding the writer is much in· laterally compressed oval or subcircular form, debted to Prof. I. HAy ASAKA for his kind the "barrels" being longitudinally oval and reading manuscript and criticism given lying side by side: small low sharp tubercles by him during the course of this and spinules lie between and in front of each study. Reticulate Spiriferidae IVith IVith uniramous biramous spine oose spine base Condro{hyf'ls tlinaCo c::> GD ueorr;elhyris f1ind[O 1 Ncbmptltyri.s narlinothy~s I h(fTl) O CT:) Ninalo .1 S l/IOfllyf'tS t/ifld(o Fig. 3. Showing the geological distribution of s:nne reticulate spirifers. and apical structures of each genus. Above: ventral valve, below : dors'll valve, with or without dental plates, socket plates, median septum or pseudospondylium. 74 Errata ERRATA to Article 231, N. S. No. 10. pp 31-36 (KoTAKA) Page Column Line Read for 31 right 12 biseuensis bisetre11esis 32 , 19 f/Ja f/Ju II " 21 f/Ju f/J22 " II 14 from below freedom reed om 34 Table 1 No. 9 Taito Taito II II No. 10 Byobugaura Byobugaura , , No. 13 Yiirakucho Yurakucho 0: Inclination .. , below Table 1 : ; ~:c~~~~ti~~.:. } of ... a: Length ...... } b: Length b : Length .. of 35 right 8 Figs. la-d, 2a-d, 6a-c. Figs. la fx:. 11 {Measurement) Convexity 4 from below 48.9 4-8.6 , CIT. 1 from below 21.75 21.73 to Article 232, N. S. No. 10. pp. 37-44 (HAY ASAJ\A and HAYASAI\A) Page Column Line Read for 37 right 13 author auther 38 , 5 genera genrral II " 22 the the , n referred refer 40, " 21. 25 41 , 11 J MacGinitie MacGinite 42 22. 23, 30. 34 -: 44 left" bottom 41 r 15 from below was we 42 II 14 from below Schizothaerus Schizohacrus 43 21 in is , r bottom an on Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 11, pp. 75-82, Pl. 7, 3 text-figs., S~pt. 30, 1953 237. ON THE PECTEN NOTOENSIS YOKOYAMA* (On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai, Part 2) KOTORA HATAI and KOICHIRO MASUDA Department of Geology, College of Education, Tohoku University. Pecten notomsis YoKoYAMA tt:~lv· -r:: (flil~ffl"ili: fft~~;m Pectinidae. .."{: n 2) Pecten tfoloensis YOKOYAMA ffJ j~;@!l &: if!Itt..., ~ IC Nanaochlamys tr. o ~IJI &: f& ~{ L. 'k 0 J!:KC.fl.OJtl!f(~~:i:at:::3@1"o~~HT-?fco Ill! ;It-,,, lJf • .1ft Ill~-~ Among the Pectinidae fossils hitherto and limited geographical distribu described from the Neogene of Japan, tion (Text-fig. 1). The occurrence of Pecten tzotoensis YoKoYAMA is of par· notoetzsis in formations of more or less ticular interest because of its peculiar similar lithology and with a closely sculpture, restricted geological range related associated fauna serve as 1, Nanao 2, Takasegawa 3, Daijima 4, Setana 5, Chiganoura 3 6, Otsutsumi 7. Moniwa 8, Yan Text-fig. 1. 1\Iap showing the distribution of .'l.'anaochlamys tzotoensis (YoKoYAMA). important data in analysing its paleo * Read Sept. 27, 1952; received 1'\ov. 21. ecological conditions. These problems 1952. are dealt with in this article. 75 76 Kotora RATA! and Koichiro MASUDA Pecten ttotoemis, first described by M. Family Pectinidae YoKoYAMA (1929) from a richly calcare· ous sandstone at Iwaya about 700 Subfamily Pectininae meters we.st of the Nanao railway Sta tion, Nanao City in Ishikawa Prefecture, Genus Nmtaochlamys HATAI and was referred to the genus Chlamys by MASUDA, n. gen. Y. OnmA in 1933, who studied the geology of the district, thereby including Genotype:- Pecten uotoettsis YoKo· the sandstone into his Nanao formation, YAMA, 1929. which he called Miocene. This sand· Type locality:- Calcareous sandstone stone contains besides Pecten notoettsis, of the Miocene Nanao formation at abundant specimens of other pectinids, Iwaya, Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture. brachiopods, bryozoans, sponge spicules, Geological range :-Early Miocene. foraminifers and rarely Shark's teeth. Diaguosis :-Equilateral, subequivalve, In 1930, H. MATSUMOTO described as suborbicular, thick-shelled, moderately new to science from the Miocene inflated ; five to six, smooth or rarely Moniwa formation in the southern nodulose ribs, which bifurcate at or border of Sendai, Pecten natoriemis, near anterior margin and carry several P. natoriensis var. subovalis, and, P. intercalary threads. Auricles unequal, tzatoriensis var. ineqttilateralis. These the anterior larger and with strong varieties as well as the species were radial threads and fine concentric lines, included into the synonymy of Pecten the posterior with radial threads and 11otoensis by S. NoMURA in 1940, a fine concentric lines. Byssal notch procedure which has been accepted by conspicuous. Ctenolium rarely ill subsequent authors. These different developed. Valves unequally convex, variety names serve to demonstrate the the maximum points of convexity situ variability of Pecten 11oioensis. In the ated at different distances from the southern border of Sendai, ttotoensis beak. occurs abundantly in a calcareous, Remarks :-Pecten notoensis has been granu'e conglomerate to coarse grained referred to the genus Ch/amys because sandstone in association with abundant of its Chlamys·like aspect, but it is pectinids, pelecypods, brachiopods, bryo distinguished from that genus by the zoans, echinoids and balanids. Shark's well developed byssal notch and teeth occur rarely. ctenolium, pronounced imbricated sur About one hundred specimens of face, and by the surface of the valves Pecten ttoloensis, now in the collections being similarly sculptured with radial of the Institute of Geology and Paleon ribs. This new genus resembles tology and of the Department of Mesopeplum lREDALE (IREDALE 1929, pp. Geology in the College of Education, 162-164), from the depth of 4{}-80 both of the Ti>l10ku University, and fathoms off New South Wales, Eastern also the Saito Ho-on Kai Museum, all Australia. The latter, however, has five in Sendai, were studied, and the result prominent, distant, compound ribs, with of examination is presented herein. We the intervals broader than the ribs, thank Mr. K. OYAMA of the Geological three riblets on the back of the ribs Survey of Japan, for his kind loan of and four to eight, fine riblets in the an important article. interspaces between the ribs on the left On the Pecten noloensis YoKoYAMA 77 valve; similarly the right valve has "Shell of medium size. thick. rather five compound ribs whose intervals are compressed. nearly equivalve, equilateral narrower than broad, and bear four to except for ears, radiately ribbed. Ribs usually eight riblets on their back and two or five or six near the beak. more or less elevated three rib lets in the interspaces; and the though rounded. generally smooth. sooner or byssal notch is minute and hardly later dichotomizing either once or twice, with interspaces narrower, in which there is usually noticeable. Therefore, the latter is an intercalary rib either appearing only near easily distinguished from the former by the ventral border or higher up. sometimes the characters of the ribs, difference in more than half way up the shell ; number of sculpture of the right and left valves ribs at ventral border varring. but often more and by the conspicuous byssal notch. than thirty, counting both larger and small. The genus Scaeochlamys (IREDALE 1929, making inner border unequally serrate. Con pp. 162-163) resembles Nmwochlamys in vexity : presumably nearly equal in both valves having discrepant sculpture of the right of the same individual. but s:~mewhat varying and left valves, but is distinguishable in different ones: equal to from one-fourth to from the latter by the pronounced almost one-fifth of height. Ears unequal, anterior larger than posterior. both radiately byssal notch and pectinidial teeth, few costellate; byss31 notch distinct. acute. Hinge prominent scaly ribs on the left valve length less than one half of shell height." and numerous less scaled ribs on the right valve. N anaoch/amys 110/oensis (YOI Pl. 7, Figs. 1-7. Text-figs. 2 3. 2. 3. 1929. Pecten noloensis YolWY Al\fA, Imp. Geol. Surv. japan. R~P. No. 104, p. 4. pl. 3, Text-figs. 2-3. Sketch showing the mode of figs. l. 2. 3, 4 ; pl. 4. figs. l. 2 ; pl. 5. bifurcation of the ribs in Nanaoclt/omys figs. 1. 2. 110/oensis (YOKOYAMA). 2-Right valve. 3-l.eft 1930. Pecten ttatoriensis MATSUMOTO. Sci. Rep. TOhok14 Imp. Univ.. Ser. 2. vol. valve. I/3 natural size. 13. no. 3. p. 104, pl. 40, figs. 10. 11. DescriPtion:- Shell of medium size, 1930. Pecten 1taloriemis subovolis MATSU · MOTa, Sci, Rep. Tultoku Imp Uttiv .. rather thick, equilateral, subequivalve, Ser. 2. vol. 13. no. 3, p. 105. pl. 40. moderately inflated, the left valve being fig. 12. nearly fiat in the younger stage, but 1930. Pee/en llaloriettsis inequilotera/is MA becoming nearly equal or a little more TSUMOTO, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Unit•., Ser. 2, vo/. 13, no. 3, p. 105, pl. 40, convex than the right valve in the figs. 13. 14. adult; ribs prominent, rounded, smooth 1935. Pecten (Peclm) 110/oettsis YoKOYAMA, and rarely nodulose, numbering six on NoMURA & ZINBo, Saito Ho-on Koi the right valve, and five on the left in Mus., Res. Bull., 110. 6, p. 161, pl. 15. the primordial condition, but soon fig. 27. becoming numerous ventrally by means 1940. Pecten (Chlomys) ttoloettsis YoKOYAMA. NoMURA, Sci. Rep .. Toltoku Imp. Univ .. of both bifurcation and intercalation ; Ser. 2, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 18. pl. L figs. on the right valve the primary bifurca 4-7. tion always precedes the primary The original description of Pecten intercalation and the secondary bifurca notoemis is as follows. tion the secondary intercalation; while 78 Kotora HATAI and Koichiro MASUDA on the left valve the primary and also all the intercalaries occur only in the the secondary intercalation precedes the four primordinal interspaces, the prima bifurcation of the main ribs, and the ry intercalaries soon acquire almost the tertiary intercalation appears usually same strength as the primordial ribs a little earlier or rarely at about the and divide ventrally in the same man same time as the bifurcation of the ner; the secondary and tertiary inter main rihs, the primary intercalary calaries, which are on either side of the usually bifurcate ventrally, and the primary, are weaker but strengthen bifurcation of the radials precede the with continued growth. The outer bifurcation of the intercalaries. In surface of both valves is very finely general, the radiating ribs become nar· radiately and concentrically striated, row owing to the bifurcation, while the the auricles of the same arc radiately intercalaries become broad ventrally, so ribbed, the inner surface is folded, cor that, at the ventral margin the primary responding to the ribs and interstices of and secondary bifurcated radials are the outer. nearly equal to the intercalaries in Remarks-From the numerous speci strength. The right valve is regularly mens examined it is noticed that (1) convex, with the anterior auricle longer the right valve rarely has an ill and larger than the posterior, byssal developed ctenolium, (2) the right valve notch shallow and with rarely ill is more convex than the left in the developed ctenolium ; the hinge of both young stage and nearly equal to or a valves usually flat or a little folded, little less convex than the left in the with indistinct cardinal crura and with adult stage, (3) the resilial pit in the distinct resilial pit ; ribs narrower than right valve is deep and provided with the interspaces in the younger stage distinct lateral ridges, and the resilial and becoming broader than the inter pit in the left valve is provided with spaces in the adult stage ; the multiplica sockets corresponding to the aforemen tion of ribs ventrally is caused es tioned lateral ridge, (4) the hinge of sentially by their bifurcation and only both valves is usually flat and with auxiliarily by intercalation ; the bifurca indistinct cardinal crura, ( 5) the left tion goes up to the tertiary order, and valve tends to bend at a distance from the intercalation to the secondary order, the beak and to produce there a plat the secondary intercalation occurring in form, (6) the mode of rib-differentiation the valleys as a result of the primary of both right and left valves are usually bifurcation. Tt:e left valve in the adult constant. is convex, abruptly bent at a certain The ribs of this species were described distance from the beak, so as to form by M. YoKoYAMA as usually numbering a flat platform proximally; the fine five to six near the beak, and by H. primordial ribs rarely form a boss at MATSUMOTo as six on the right valve bending; the anterior auricle is more or and five on the left in the primordinal less larger than the posterior, provided condition. As a rule, the left valve with a shallow byssal notch; primordinal bears three main stout ribs on the ribs narrower than the primordinal central part of the disc. and two others, interspace ; multiplication of ribs that is to say, one on each lateral side; ventrally caused essentialy by intercala the right valve has four main stout ribs tion and only auxiliarily by bifurcation; and one on each lateral side. On the Pecte11 110toe11sis YoKOYAMA 79 In the right valve, the relation be usually bifucates at the ventral margin tween shell height and rib-differentia· with continued growth. (Text-fig. 3). tion seems to be a constant feature. The lateral. ribs of the right ,·alve The ribs tend to become complex from are usually much narrower than the the younger to the adult, those of the main ones in the central part of the younger stage being usually simple and disc, stronger than the intercalary numbering six, but with continued riblets, and also usually bifurcate. In _growth, the main ribs in. the central the left valve, however, the lateral ribs part of the disc usually bifurcate at are nearly equal to the main ones in least twice and an accessory weak, strength although they never become primary intercalc1ry thread is added in equal or stronger, and also bifurcate the interspace between the main ribs similarly as that of the right one. In prior to or nearly at the same time the the lateral marginal region bordering secondary bifurcation commences, or at the lateral ribs, several smaller radials times even a little later. By continued develop, but these never become strong growth the divided ribs of the first or pronounced as the intercalary riblets. bifurcation again split and intercalaries In general, the external surface of the are added in the same way as in the valves of this species is ornamented first case (Text-fig. 2). This mode of with obtuse, scaly network, that is to multiplication is more or less constant. say, in the upper half of both valves, In the young 5tagc, the main radials very fine radial striations and similarly are usually narrower than their inter strong concentric lines are present on spaces, but with continued growth and the radi.al riblets as well as in the multiplication, the radials tend to be interspaces. This network is often come subequal to their interspaces in obscured and is seen only in well breadth, and in the adult stage, the preserved specimens. radials become broader than their inter Development of concentric Jines in the spaces in breadth near the ventral region of the ventral margin of both margin and the intercalaries are sub valves make the radials appear some equal to the radials in breadth. what imbricated. The radial ribs are usually round The auricles are usually sculptured topped and smooth with broad flattened with both distinct radial riblets and interspaces, but rarely become somewhat fine concentric lines, by which the imbricated near the ventral margin ornamentation appears imbricated. owing to the intersection of concentric In lateral view the convexity of the growth lines. right valve is more or Jess uniform In the left valve there are three main, with the maximum depth near the mid· stout ribs provided with a weaker one die of the shell length. However, in on each lateral side. Before the main the left valve the maximum convexity ribs bifurcate the first and second inter lies dorsal of the middle of the shell calary appears, and the third order of length owing to the dorsal part of the intercalary threads appear at about the valve being more or less flattened. time the first intercalaries bifurcate. Thus, in the case of specimens with The intercalary threads of the three intact valves, the maximum convexity orders tend to strengthen with con of the right valve is situated in the tinued growth and the first intercalary middle, while that of the left valve is 80 Kotara HATAI and Koichirfl MASUDA dorsal to the middle of the shell length, stratigraphical evidence, there is no and an oblique line can be drawn by doubt that the formation represents a connecting the maximum points of transgressive phase by which the total convexity of the valves. absence of muddy materials may be Geological sig1Zijicatzce- The Nanao explained. Although calcareous, the formation at Iwaya from where abun· Moniwa formation is not so significant dant specimens of notoensis OCLUr, as the Nanao in this respect, but the consists of a richly calcareous sandstone thermal conditions of the sea in which containing abundant pectens, Brachia· the two geographically isolated forma poda, Bryowa, Foraminifera, sponge tions were deposited are remarkably spicules and balanid fragments. From similar. this sandstone at Iwaya, M. YoKOYAMA The Otsutsumi formation, in the ( 1929) reported Pectett (Palinopecten ?) northwest of Sendai, a correlative of kagamianus, Pecten notoensis, Pecten the Moniwa, differs in its Pectinidae (Ch/amys) hastatus Sow. var. ingettiosa, fauna and ttoloensis is very rare. The Pecten (Chlamys) crassivenius and 6tsutsumi consists of tuffaceous, very Pecten sp. coarse sandstone or conglomeratic sand Concerning this sandstone, K. ()YAMA stone in which muddy material is (1952) stated that it is easily induced embedded. Although the thermal condi that the Nanao formation consists of tions in which the Otsutsumi was "the channel sediments" which were deposited is similar to that of both the deposited when the Nato Peninsula was Moniwa and the Nanao, the ecological an island or bank. However, whether conditions seem to have been different the calcareous sandstone should be as can be noticed from its paucity of considered channel sediments is open to calcareous sediments. Therefore, it is question, because the detail paleogeo inferred that 1Zotoensis flourished only graphical conditions at that time have in environments consisting of a clear not been worked out. It is evident that sea bottom influenced by warm thermal uotoetzsis lived on a clean sea bottom conditions, and that its absence or remote from the influence muddy sedi rarity in correlative formations may be ment drained from the land. The depth explained, in part, by such reason. of the warm water environment is Nanaoch/amys 110/oemis under the difficult to estimate, although it seems generic names of Pecten or Ch/amys has certain that it was beyond the littoral been reported from the Nanao, Takase zone. gawa, Daijima, Setana, Moniwa, Otsu The Moniwa formation in the southern tsumi, Chiganoura, Yanagawa, Shioda border of 5endai where tzotoensis is and Hatatate formations, but not all common, consists of granule conglomer of them have been figured thus leaving ate to coarse grained sandstone in which one in doubt as to their details. This abundant pectens, other pelecypods, species has also been recorded from some gastropods, echinids, balanids, Ennichi in South Korea. Of the named brachiopods, bryowan-fragments and formations, the species is very rare in rarely shark's teeth occur. This forma the Hatatate formation in the southern tion at the localities in the southern region of Sendai, and in the Chiganoura border of Sendai where notoetzsis occurs formation developed around Shiogama is lacking in muddy sediments and from City, both in Miyagi Prefecture. It is On the Pecten notomsis Yoi\OYAMA also not common in the formations 2, APPendix. p. 90. other than those of Nanao and Moniwa, MATSUMOTO, H. (1930): On the Marine probably owing to both bottom control Fauna of Three Fossil Zones of the Upper and geological horizon. Its record from Miocene of Natori district, Province of the Setana formation was not confirmed. Rikuzen. Sci. Rep. Tiihoku Imp. U11iv, Ser. From the geological distribution and 2. 110/. 13, no. 3, pp. 104-105. pl. XL, figs. 10. 11, 12. 13. 14. range, it is inferred that this species NAKAMURA, M. (1940) : On Some Pectinidae attained its maximum flourishing, which Fossils from the J\fiocene Deposits of the seems to have been very short, during Tomiya Block. Miyagi·ken, Northeast Hon the Early Miocene, that is to say, in a shu. Japan. ] ap. ] our. Geol. Geogr .. 1•ol. two.fold division of the Miocene. 17. IIOS. 1-2, pp. 8-9. --. (1935): Miocene Mollusca from Shio· gama. Northwest Honsyu, Japan. Saito References Ho·otl Kai Afus., Res. Bull.. 110. 6. pp. 196-197. DALL, W. H .. BARTSCH. P. & REHDER. H. A. --. (1940): l\Iolluscan fauna of the Moniwa (1938): A Manu:ll of the Recent and Shell bed exp:sed along the Natorigawa Fossil Marine Pelecypod Mollusca of the in the Vicinity of Sendai. l'vliyagi Preft-c. Hawaiian hlands. Bishop Mus. Bull., 110. ture, Japan. Sci. Rep., Tl>hoku Imp. llni11., 153. p. 88. Ser. 2. rol. 21. no. 1, pp. 18-19. pl. 1. figs. GRAI'T, U.S. & GALE, H. R. (1931): Pliocene 4, 5. 6, 7. and Pleistocene Moll Jsca of California. NoMURA, H. ar.d ZINBO, N. (1935): Mollusca Mam. Sa11 Diego Soc. Nat. His!. vol. 1, pp. from the Yanagawa Shell Beds in the 161-163. Fukushima Basin, Northeast Honsyu, Ja· !REDALE, T. (1929): l\1ollusca from the pan. Saito lfo·OI! Kai. Mus.. Res. Bull., Continental Shelf of Eastern Australia. no. tiO. 6, pp. 161-162, pl. 15, fig. 27. 2. Rep. Austr. Mus., 110. 17. pp. 162-164, OTUKA, Y. (1935): The Oti Graben in southern pl. 38, figs. 7. 8. 9. Noto Peninsula. Japan. pt. 3. Br4ll. Earth· -- . (1939): Great Barrier Reef Exped. quake Res. I11st .. Tokyo Imp. Univ., t•ol. 13. 1928-29. 8ci. Rep., vol. 5. 110. 6. Mollusca, Pt. 4. p. 886. pt. 1, pp. 354-355. --. (1936): The Takasegawa Green Tuff HArAJ. K. (1938): A Review of the Paleon Bed3 of the Yuri District. Akita Pref. tology of Akita Prefecture (Ugo province). Japan, and Correlation of the Lower ]apa11. ]our. Geol Geogr., vol. 15, 110s. 1- Neogene in Japan. !lull. Earthquake Res. 2, p. 38. I11st., Tokyo Imp. Uuiv., vol. 14. pt. 3, pp. HAYASHI, T. (1946): On the Geomorphlogy 442-44:{. and Geology of Western Border of Yamizo OYAMA. K. (1952): Paleoecological Studies Mountains. Graduatio11 Thesis of /he To· on Pectens. Miscellaneous Reports of lite hoku University. Res. /nst. Nat. Res.. 110. 5, p. 28. KANEHARA. K. (1953): On the Geologic Age YOKOYAMA. M. (1929): Pliocene shells from of the Ennichi Series. ]our. Geol. Soc. near Nanao. Noto. Jmp. Ceo/. Su,-v. Japan, JaPa11, vo!. 42, 110. EO 1. pp. 334 335. Rep. 104, pp. 4 5. pl. 3, figs. 1, 2. 3, 4, pl. KUBOTA, K. (1950): Fossil Pectinidac fro:n ·I, figs. 1, 2. pl. 5. figs. 1. 2. the Setana S:>ries. (Studies of the Fossil YARE II. and HATAI. K. (1941): The Ceno Fauna from Setana Series. no. 3). Cenozoic zoic Formations and fossils of Northeast Studies, Sapporo, 110. 6. p. 17, pl. 9. fig. 74. Honsyu, japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Unit• .. KURODA, T. (1932): The Venus. t•ol. 3. 110. Ser. 2, vol. 22. 110. 1. 82 Kotora HATAI and Koichiro MASUDA Explanation of Plate 7 Nanaochlamys 110toe11sis (YOKOYAMA). Figs. 1. a. Right valve, x 1. b. Left valve, x 1. c. Upper view of the same, x 1. d. Side view of the same, x 1. Fig. 2. Internal view of right valve. x 1. Fig. 3. Hinge area of left valve. x 1. Fig. K. KUMAGAI photo. 7 *~ ... ~ * JIJ! }j ll 1t :n ~ ~~ (The Pliocene and Later Faunas from the Kwanto Region in Japan) "'u ~ -t 7'!£i:!J'.i 49 f.,c, \M~J!!I;IJI] 49 J{. *:~i0!1 30 J'{, ;{i•JI¥1 10 j( i\H/IiJ[J 3(;j,;~~7\::~.Q.) 11 J: • Tfr~ift!Ji&!llJ•-*Ilf.1J-ft1i" J.l'{c]JUJ, 1J\; ~1:.0) fMJJt!J"&'Jj 4S- Jtf! 0) t.Jjg:_ ft1i'~J1!:[lll:t Q rttr.O>f~:P!iJf~OJM/tJi:a-1~\'t~ L. ;eo)~OJ.illiW~:.J,l < Ht~OJC}:;1]' ;c OJ Ill!. I:.-?~' -cr.t~ l.lf • 7\. Ill tH jilijtt_~~lib Lt-:o Climatic Change in Jap:m since the Pliocene Epoch (1911). Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its Immediate North (1920). Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa (1922). Mollusca from the Cora.l-bcd of Awa (1924). Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Tokyo and its Suburbs ( 1927 ). Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Western Shimosa and Southern Musashi (1927). *i!Htlt' J: II' J: :.t>:'.Ii*~::/IUlf:(;Ht.Q -T~~: t.r. lJ ~ l..,ft.OF[, *.OJJiilrc· "f·f..J 1:. lil'l~~:: ~~ ~r~li'o ® ~ ~ ~hlflifOOi (!f1JifQJI;) "f·,r.~fiDi :J.,b}{f\::~JH:> 800 P.J ® .:p f.J ~ 11. ~ #JHI Wrlln 28 !.I'· 10 J~ 30 B ~L:· (J:.J.~r.t =f·fJfillH::-*200fq.::t-1Jil;t.ftfOOi1*1?ilfHliL i-n t..r tD. ~~. ~Jf:tcrw · ~iitl:t..r c''l:l't t..r ~" <-n;~~ L -r JJ! l! t-: 1953~9H25n ~P ltHJ 1 9 5 3 !.f 9 H 30 1-1 fit 11" /Efl <11tt=lM·OJ1i*ifi::JJH) 1 ff-1~ 200 IH1 ~UHR:~n~ !.1Uli:k~ffil~~M~Jll!'t1J1-~~~F1 El -*ti~LJ#J)~ ~ 1]~ # l'i ~ <~ ~i1 t4~ w. -m 8 -17 8 o :Ji:> EP l(!IJ :f\· .. !.It J;t 1fl~ 7#5 Wi Z: iJU 1 -r 1~1 1 1 ~~ "'- 7JV fm!: {~ Efl JG lft/Jnl$~,.t-F~C.O)Jl~1Jf.5"'-$~ I'"~~, lDKif~=fft IIJYUHII!Il!ff~mr l T ~ 6 *~f*iM=h!i m im ~~ rr1 C25) 3403 m: :i!a~l"=l~U 1091401!i CONSTITUTION of the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN ARTICLE 1. Name The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a section of the Geological Society of Japan. ARTICLE 2. Object The object of the Society shall be to promote the study of palaeontology and related sciences. ARTICLE 3. Achievement The Society in order to execute Article 2 shall ( a ) issue the Society journal and other publi cations. ( b) hold or sponsor scientific lectures and meetings, and (c) sponsor collecting or field trips, and lectm es. ARTICLE 4. Membership The Society shall be compose which have been read and discussed at the meetings for publication in the Society's journal. ARTICLE 6. Administration The Society shall have the following organizations for its administration. (a) General mPcling. The general meeting shall be composed of the Snciety members. More than one tenth of regular l111'mbers shall be present to hold general meetings. Administra tive affairs shall be decided during the general meeting. (b) President. The president shall be elected from among the regular members. The president shall represent the Society and supervise its business matters. (c) Council. The council shall be composed of councillors who are elected from among the regular members. The council shall discuss administrative affairs. (d) Business council. The business councillors shall be elected from among the council mem bers, and shall administer business affairs. (e) Officers shall be elected by vote of returned mail ballots, as a general rule.. ARTICLE 7. _.nendments to the constitution shall be hy decision of the general meeting. By-Laws and Administration ARTICLE 8. The Society's journal shall be issued three times a year. ARTICLE 9. Regular members shall he persons who have knowledgl', experience, or interest in p:Uaeontol()b'Y or related sciences. ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individuals or organizations who give special support to the objectives of the Society. ARTICLE 11. Honorary members shall be per:;ons of distinguished achievement in p.1laeontology. The council shall nominate honorary members for decision by the general meeting. ARTICLE 12. Applicants for membership to the Society shall submit their full name, mailing ad· dress, date of birth, occupation, and name of school from which they graduated . • Dues ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual dues of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting. Annual dues for regular members is Yen 40:l.OO (domestic members) and U.S. $2.00 (foreign members). P.1trons are individuals or organizations donating more than Yen 10,000.00 an· nually. Honorary members arc free from obligations. ARTICLE 14. The Society income shall be from membership dues and bestowals. ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman, fifteen councillors, and several business council lors, whose term of office shall be two years. They may be re-elected. Addendum ARTICLE 1. There shall be four business councillors for the present. ARTICLE 2. The Society journal shall be issued three times a year for the present.