University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2017 Lamps, Maps, Mud-Machines, and Signal Flags: Science, Technology, and Commerce in the Early United States James Russell Risk University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Risk, J. R.(2017). Lamps, Maps, Mud-Machines, and Signal Flags: Science, Technology, and Commerce in the Early United States. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4203 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. LAMPS, MAPS, MUD-MACHINES, AND SIGNAL FLAGS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND COMMERCE IN THE EARLY UNITED STATES by James Russell Risk Bachelor of Arts Fairmont State University, 2008 Master of Arts University of Maryland Baltimore County, 2011 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2017 Accepted by: Allison C. Marsh, Major Professor Carol E. Harrison, Committee Member Cary J. Mock, Committee Member Joseph A. November, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by James Russell Risk, 2017 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION To Ann Johnson (1965-2016): mentor, colleague, and friend. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my original advisor, the accomplished and adept Ann Johnson, who passed away December 11, 2016. Ann’s expertise and knowledge were an invaluable resource.