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The United Kingdom andIreland The UnitedKingdom Authorities General Lighthouse Review 2010 -2015 Review Aids toNavigation Aids to Navigation 2010 - 2015 COST EFFECTIVEREVIEW TRAFFIC ~ RISK ~ INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 1. Index Section 1 - Index 2 Section 2 - Introduction 4 Section 3 – Review Process 6 3.1 Start and Finish of Review Process 6 3.2 Conduct of the Review 6 3.3 Peer Review 6 3.4 User Consultation 6 3.5 Transfers to LLAs and period of transfer 6 3.6 The Principles applied in determining the Navigational Requirement 7 3.7 Methodology 7 3.8 Forms 8 Section 4 – Background to Review & Factors relevant to the Review 9 4A Navigational Issues 9 4A.1 Modern Navigation 9 4A.2 E-Loran 9 4A.3 e-Navigation 10 4A.4 Transition phase to e-Navigation 11 4B Marine Traffic and Density 11 4B.1 Aquaculture 11 4B.2 Fishing 11 4B.3 Marine Leisure 11 4B.4 Offshore Renewable Energy Sites (OREs) 12 4B.5 Routing Measures and Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) 12 4C Technology Issues 13 4C.1 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 13 4C.2 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 14 4D Future Issues 15 4D.1 2025 & Beyond 15 4D.2 Power Required for Daytime Lights and Restricted Visibility. 15 Section 5 – Contacts 17 Section 6 - References and Acknowledgements 18 Section 7 - Glossary of Terms 19 Section 8 – List of Review Areas 20 ‘s 2 Marine Aids to Navigation Strategy - 2025 & beyond Aids to Navigation 2010 - 2015 REVIEW Section 9 – Inter-GLA Diagrams covering Review Areas 21 a. Navigation Review Area with GLA Contiguous Zones 21 b. Integrated Differential GPS System - overlapping coverage to 50 nm off all coasts. 22 c. GLA Racon Coverage – Range 10 NM 23 d. Integrated AIS Rollout as of 1 February 2010 24 e. Integrated Renewable Energy Sites as of 1 March 2010 25 Section 10 – Review of Northern Lighthouse Board Areas (1 – 8) 26 Area 1 – Isle of Man, North Channel and Clyde 26 Area 2 – Mull of Kintyre to Ardnamurchan 28 Area 3 – Ardnamurchan to Barra Head; Cape Wrath to the Flannan Isles 30 Area 4 – Scotland North Coast; Orkney Islands (excluding Pentland Firth) 32 Area 5 – Pentland Firth 34 Area 6 – Shetland Islands 36 Area 7 – Clythness to Rattray Head 38 Area 8 – Rattray Head to St Abb’s Head 40 Section 11 – Review of Trinity House Areas (9 – 14) 42 Area 9 – Berwick to Sizewell 44 Area 10 – Sizewell to Shoreham 44 Area 11 – Shoreham to Lyme Regis 46 Area 12 – Lyme Regis to Bude 48 Area 13 – Bude to Cardigan 50 Area 14 – Cardigan to Silloth 52 Section 12– Review of Irish Lights Areas (15 -21) 54 Area 15 - Fastnet to Tuskar 54 Area 16 - Tuskar to Baily 56 Area 17 - Baily to St John's Point Down 58 Area 18 - St John's Point Down To Rathlin Island 60 Area 19 - Rathlin East to Tory Island 62 Area 20 - Tory Island to Loop Head 64 Area 21 - Loop Head to Fastnet 66 Section 13 – List of All Recommended Changes 68 Section 14 - GLA – Navigational Risk Assessment 76 Section 15 – Flow Diagrams and Risk Assessment Forms 78 Section 16 – Definitive Lists of all Aids to Navigation 80 Aids to Navigation Review 2010 - 2015 3 2. Introduction The three General Lighthouse Authorities (GLAs) of the Commissioners of Irish Lights, the Northern Lighthouse Board and Trinity House, operate an integrated aids to navigation service throughout the coastal waters of Britain and Ireland. This service is delivered to recognised standards set by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities so as to meet the responsibilities of the British and Irish Governments under the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS). The Mission Statement of the GLAs is: “To deliver a reliable, efficient and cost effective Aids to Navigation Service for the benefit and safety of all mariners.” This is the third 5-yearly Review in this format that has been undertaken by the three GLAs where they have conducted a formal, simultaneous and coordinated Review of all the Aids to Navigation (AtoNs) that they provide around the coasts of Britain and Ireland. This Review addresses the current and anticipated future requirements for the safe passage of national and international shipping. It also addresses the requirements of other mariners, such as fishing and leisure users. This Review to 2015 has been prepared at a time of great turmoil in the world’s economic climate. The financial downturn has had significant adverse effects on international sea trade and on the shipping industry worldwide. The mandate of the GLAs and their statutory responsibility is to provide sufficient aids to navigation to mitigate risks and protect the marine environment. The GLAs are very conscious of the cost of the service they provide and continue to work with Government, shipping interests, and other stakeholders to minimise this cost. The GLA Marine Aids to Navigation Strategy to 2025 (2025 & Beyond) which will be published in 2010, forms the strategic foundation of this Review. Various policy considerations are contained in the GLA’s Joint Navigation Requirement Policies (JNRP-2007), Radio Navigation Plan (GRNP- 2007) and Visual Aids to Navigation Plan (VANP–2008). These documents expand the strategic view. As detailed in the AtoN Review Policy document which is contained in the JNRP, it should be recognised that the nature of shipping and navigation continues to change. Consequently the AtoN infrastructure to assist safe passage requires periodic review to ensure that the AtoNs provided are appropriate. The requirement and the rate of change vary geographically depending on a number of factors. Within the GLA areas it is considered that a Strategic Plan (i.e. 2025 & Beyond) and Operational Plan (i.e. 5 year AtoN Review) caters for the short and longer term review requirements. ‘s 4 Marine Aids to Navigation Strategy - 2025 & beyond Aids to Navigation 2010 - 2015 REVIEW The principle applied is that the amount, mix and nature of AtoNs provided are: • Commensurate with the amount of and nature of the traffic • Appropriate for the degree of risk • Integrated and cost-effective • Compliant with internationally accepted standards The priorities in applying such principles are:- • The safety of life at sea • Safe passage of shipping • The protection of the marine environment • The maintenance of trade. Each AtoN has been studied in isolation, as well as in relation to the other AtoN in its vicinity which is referred to as the "mix" of AtoN. The study has been carried out based solely on the minimum navigational requirements and does not at this stage take into account any other considerations. The Aids to Navigation Review 2010 - 2015 is a supporting document of the GLA’s Strategy 2025 & Beyond. 2025 beyond Aids to Navigation Review 2010 - 2015 5 3. Review Process 3.1 Start and Finish of Review Process The 2010 AtoN Review was formally announced at the Joint Users Consultative Group (JUCG) meeting in London on 20 May 2009. The 2010 AtoN Review was formally published at the Joint Users Consultative Group (JUCG) meeting in London on 12 May 2010. 3.2 Conduct of the Review Each GLA has carried out a review of its own area of responsibility. Where the boundaries of two or even all three, GLAs meet, a concerted view has been necessary. Thus, for example, in the North Channel/Isle of Man area, all three GLAs have combined to produce the recommendations covering these areas. Therefore, in producing the recommendations contained in the Review, the GLAs have: • Carried out their own internal study of the AtoN in their area of responsibility. • Followed an identical review process. • Completed identical Risk Assessment Forms and signoff procedures. • Assessed AtoN individually and as part of a “mix”. • Carried out cross-border discussions with other GLAs. • Involved the Users in initial discussions and invited comment. • Formally briefed the individual GLA User Consultative Groups on the recommendations. 3.3 Peer Review In this review, the 3 GLAs have each presented their draft recommendations to the others for assessment, cross examination and comment. 3.4 User Consultation While Users are consulted regularly and their input is always welcome, Users were formally consulted during 2009/2010 both for input into the Review and comment on the draft proposals. A number of the proposed changes contained in the Review have been incorporated as a direct result of user response obtained to date on specific areas of interest. 3.5 Transfers to LLAs and period of transfer The changes recommended in this Review are intended to be completed within the period of the Review. In the case of transfer of AtoN to a Local Lighthouse Authority (LLA) it is possible that all recommendations may not be fully completed within the period. It is important that there is an orderly transfer of such AtoN and that they are transferred in good condition. However, these recommendations will shape the expenditure on the GLAs' Capital work programmes, maintenance schedules, buoyage programmes contained within the individual Corporate Plans. ‘s 6 Marine Aids to Navigation Strategy - 2025 & beyond Aids to Navigation 2010 - 2015 REVIEW 3.6 The Principles applied in determining the Navigational Requirement In December 2008, the IMO Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) approved an E-Navigation strategy. Whilst the end result and the timeframe to complete are not certain, nonetheless navigational technology continues to advance. At the same time, the reliance on the traditional system of lighthouses around the coast diminishes. With the exception of leading Lights and PELs, landfall lights and passing lights are now less important and their primary function now is for inshore navigation, confirmation of position and spatial awareness.
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