DOCSLIB.ORG

INCIDENTAL TAKE and POPULATION DYNAMICS of NESTING BIRDS in a RED PINE (Pinus Resinosa) PLANTATION in SOUTHERN ONTARIO UNDER SINGLE-TREE SELECTION HARVESTING

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INCIDENTAL TAKE and POPULATION DYNAMICS of NESTING BIRDS in a RED PINE (Pinus Resinosa) PLANTATION in SOUTHERN ONTARIO UNDER SINGLE-TREE SELECTION HARVESTING INCIDENTAL TAKE AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF NESTING BIRDS IN A RED PINE (Pinus resinosa) PLANTATION IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO UNDER SINGLE-TREE SELECTION HARVESTING A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Ian R. Fife 2015 Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate M.Sc. Program May 2015 ii Abstract INCIDENTAL TAKE AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF NESTING BIRDS IN A RED PINE (Pinus resinosa) PLANTATION UNDER SINGLE-TREE SELECTION HARVESTING Ian R. Fife I determined the direct influence of single-tree selection harvesting on the daily nest survival rates and nest success of 5 focal bird species within a monotypic red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation on the western edge of the Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario, Canada. I located and monitored 290 nests during the 2012 and 2013 breeding season. I used the logistic-exposure method to evaluate the daily nest survival rates of American Robin (Turdus migratorius), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus), and Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus). Only five nests were destroyed as a result of forestry activity over the study period. Neither daily nest survival rates nor nest success of these focal species were substantially affected by single-tree selection harvesting. I also monitored the impact of single-tree selection harvesting on the density and territory size of 4 of 5 focal species. Ovenbird had a significantly smaller territory size but decreased density in the harvested areas. Although not significant, Eastern Wood-pewee and Red-eyed Vireo tended to have higher densities and larger territory sizes in harvested areas, whereas Rose-breasted Grosbeak showed a mixed effect as density was higher while territory size was smaller. Single-tree selection produces minor to moderate disturbance that takes place locally over a short period of time. As a result, nests that are indirectly disturbed by nearby harvesting, felling trees and mechanical operations and are not destroyed remain and adults do not appear to abandon eggs or young from the disturbance. Habitat alteration from harvesting of the general forest structure and especially the forest floor must be minimized in order to conserve forest bird species diversity. Further research examining incidental take using various intensities of single- tree selection harvesting would provide important insight into maintaining avian and forest diversity by means of forest management. iii Keywords: incidental take, forest management, single-tree selection harvesting, nest success, daily nest survival, logistic-exposure, density, territory size, Red Pine, monotypical forest, Northumberland County Forest, American Robin, Eastern Wood- pewee, Ovenbird, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Red-eyed Vireo. iv Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank Dr. Erica Nol for her direction and her support throughout my undergraduate and graduate career and especially during the completion of this thesis. I am grateful for the input from my committee members, Drs. Ken Abraham and Jeff Bowman whom provided very thoughtful and insightful comments towards the completion of this thesis. Your input during meetings and comments on my thesis pushed and challenged me to become a better student, writer and researcher. My gratitude is also highly expressed to Ben Walters for his statistical help and insight into forest management. Also, thanks are given to Dr. Samuel Haché for comments and insight on my thesis regarding landbird ecology and harvesting practices. I am also grateful for the field staff who helped during the 2012 and 2013 field season. Without their assistance I could not have completed this thesis. Thank you to David Geale, Mike Stefanuk, Devin Turner, and Walter Wehtje for every bit of help during my field seasons. A very special thank you to Steven Van Drunen, his expertise in nest searching was inspiring and always motivated me to find more nests. This study also could not be financially possible without the funding from Northumberland County and Trent University. Furthermore, to all the amazing friends I have met along this path; especially K. Chan and A. Marques. You helped me keep my sanity…most of the time. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their encouragement and support that was greatly needed throughout the completion of my thesis. Thank you Mom, Joanne, Michelle and Gary. Last but not least, thank you Jennifer Vincent for continued support throughout my endeavors. v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................iii Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: General Introduction: Canadian Policy on Incidental Take of Migratory Birds within the Forestry Industry ........................................................................................................ 1 The Legal Framework for Incidental Take ..................................................................... 1 Issues Associated with Applying the MBR to Forestry Operations ............................... 3 Canada’s Enforcement of Incidental Take Under the MBCA ........................................ 6 Present – Future implications of non-compliance with the MBCA .............................. 9 Incidental Take and Indirect Measures of Bird Loss Through Single-tree Selection Harvesting ................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Incidental Take of Birds from Single-tree Selection Harvesting in a Southern Ontario Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) Plantation .............................................................................. 15 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 15 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 16 METHODS ........................................................................................................................ 19 Study Area ................................................................................................................... 19 Nest Searching ............................................................................................................. 20 Nest Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 21 Statistical Analysis ....................................................................................................... 21 RESULTS........................................................................................................................... 22 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 3: Effects of Single-tree Selection on Density and Territory Size of 4 Bird Species in a Southern Ontario Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) Plantation ................................................. 41 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 41 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 42 METHODS ........................................................................................................................ 44 Study Site ..................................................................................................................... 44 Territory Mapping ....................................................................................................... 46 Density and Territory Size ........................................................................................ 48 Habitat Measurements ............................................................................................ 49 RESULTS........................................................................................................................... 50 vi DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 54 Eastern Wood-pewee density and territory size ......................................................... 55 Ovenbird density and territory size ............................................................................. 56 Rose-breasted Grosbeak density and territory size ..................................................... 58 Red-eyed Vireo density and territory size.................................................................... 59 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER 4: General Discussion .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of the Birds of East Stroudsburg University
    Checklist of the Birds of East Stroudsburg University Terry Master Alexandra Machrone and Terry Master Department of Biological Sciences Checklist of the Birds of East Stroudsburg University Map of East Stroudsburg University Checklist of the Birds of East Stroudsburg University Relative Abundance* Quadrant Location on Map** Seen Preferred Habitat Abundant Expected Common Aerial A Uncommon Developed D Rare Forest Cluster F Occasional Wetland/Ponds W Periodic Irruption * Grassland G Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Habitat Loc ANSERIFORMES Anatidae Snow Goose A,W,G Canada Goose A,F,W,G Wood Duck W Mallard Duck A,D,W American Black Duck W Ring-necked Duck W GALLIFORMES Phasianidae Wild Turkey F,G COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae Rock Dove D,F,G Mourning Dove D,F,G CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae Yellow-billed Cuckoo F Black-billed Cuckoo F CAPRIMULGIFORMES Caprimulgidae Common Nighthawk A,D,F,G Apodidae Chimney Swift A,D Trochilidae Ruby-throated Hummingbird D,F,G CHARADRIIFORMES Charadriidae Killdeer D,G Scolopacidae American Woodcock F,W Spotted Sandpiper W Solitary Sandpiper W Laridae Ring-billed Gull A,D,W,G Herring Gull A,D,W,G PELECANIFORMES Phalacrocoracidae Double-crested Cormorant W Checklist of the Birds of East Stroudsburg University Relative Abundance* Quadrant Location on Map** Seen Preferred Habitat Abundant Expected Common Aerial A Uncommon Developed D Rare Forest Cluster F Occasional Wetland/Ponds W Periodic Irruption * Grassland G Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Habitat Loc Ardeidae Great Blue
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus Virens
    Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens Folk Name: Dead-limb Bird, Parvee Status: Breeder Abundance: Fairly Common to Common Habitat: Exposed limb, often on a snag tree in an upland, usually open, woodland or woodlot of pines or hardwoods The Eastern Wood-Pewee is a small and generally inconspicuous bird, but it is perhaps our quintessential “flycatcher,” as it is most often seen when it darts out from an open perch—often a dead limb—expertly catches an insect, and then quickly returns to its perch. T. Gilbert Pearson watched one bird near Greensboro repeat this process over and over, catching 36 insects in 5 minutes. collection of eggs was sold to a museum and was stored This bird prefers mature, upland forest habitat, but it is for many years at the Utah Museum of Natural History also found in wooded residential areas. in Salt Lake City. Ultimately, these Eastern Wood-Pewee It was once one of the most common species of eggs became part of a larger regional collection which flycatcher breeding in our region, but today its breeding is now housed at the Western Foundation of Vertebrate population has been significantly reduced, due in part to Zoology in Camarillo, California. expanding urban development throughout the Piedmont. The Eastern Wood-Pewee is a neotropical migrant that Breeding Bird Survey trends in both North and South winters in northwest South America. R. B. McLaughlin Carolina indicate steep declines of Wood-Pewee recorded the spring arrival of the Wood-Pewee in populations in both states. It was one of the top 50 birds Statesville as averaging around 23 or 24 April in the late recorded on Charlotte Spring Bird Counts during the first 1800s.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird) Species List
    Aves (Bird) Species List Higher Classification1 Kingdom: Animalia, Phyllum: Chordata, Class: Reptilia, Diapsida, Archosauria, Aves Order (O:) and Family (F:) English Name2 Scientific Name3 O: Tinamiformes (Tinamous) F: Tinamidae (Tinamous) Great Tinamou Tinamus major Highland Tinamou Nothocercus bonapartei O: Galliformes (Turkeys, Pheasants & Quail) F: Cracidae Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor (Chachalacas, Guans & Curassows) Gray-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps F: Odontophoridae (New World Quail) Black-breasted Wood-quail Odontophorus leucolaemus Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge Dendrortyx leucophrys Marbled Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis Spotted Wood-Quail Odontophorus guttatus O: Suliformes (Cormorants) F: Fregatidae (Frigatebirds) Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens O: Pelecaniformes (Pelicans, Tropicbirds & Allies) F: Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets & Bitterns) Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis O: Charadriiformes (Sandpipers & Allies) F: Scolopacidae (Sandpipers) Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius O: Gruiformes (Cranes & Allies) F: Rallidae (Rails) Gray-Cowled Wood-Rail Aramides cajaneus O: Accipitriformes (Diurnal Birds of Prey) F: Cathartidae (Vultures & Condors) Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura F: Pandionidae (Osprey) Osprey Pandion haliaetus F: Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles & Kites) Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus Red-tailed
    [Show full text]
  • Stephens Forest
    Field Checklist for Stephens Forest ___Warbling Vireo* ___Kentucky Warbler* * = confirmed or likely area breeder ___Red-eyed Vireo* ___Common Yellowthroat* Iowa Wildlife Action Plan Migratory Species of Greatest ___Hooded Warbler* Stephens Forest Conservation Need ___Blue Jay* ___American Redstart* Iowa Wildlife Action Plan Nesting Species of Greatest ___American Crow* ___Cerulean Warbler* Conservation Need ___Northern Parula* ___Horned Lark* ___Magnolia Warbler ___Greater White-fronted Goose ___Ring-billed Gull ___Bay-breasted Warbler Bird Conservation ___Snow Goose ___Purple Martin* ___Blackburnian Warbler ___Cackling Goose ___Rock Pigeon* ___Tree Swallow* ___Yellow Warbler* ___Canada Goose* ___Eurasian Collared-Dove* ___N. Rough-winged Swallow* ___Chestnut-sided Warbler* Area ___Wood Duck* ___Mourning Dove* ___Bank Swallow* ___Blackpoll Warbler ___Gadwall ___Cliff Swallow* ___Yellow-rumped Warbler ___American Wigeon ___Yellow-billed Cuckoo* ___Barn Swallow* ___Yellow-throated Warbler ___Mallard ___Black-billed Cuckoo* ___Black-throated Green Warbler ___Blue-winged Teal ___Black-capped Chickadee* ___Canada Warbler ___Northern Shoveler ___Barn Owl ___Tufted Titmouse* ___Wilson’s Warbler ___Hooded Merganser ___Yellow-breasted Chat* Belted Kingfisher ___Common Merganser ___Eastern Screech-Owl* ___Red-breasted Nuthatch USFWS ___Great Horned Owl* ___White-breasted Nuthatch* ___Eastern Towhee* ___Northern Bobwhite* ___Barred Owl* ___American Tree Sparrow ___Ring-necked Pheasant* ___Long-eared Owl ___Brown Creeper ___Chipping Sparrow* ___Ruffed
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Avian Ecology
    Compendium of Avian Ecology ZOL 360 Brian M. Napoletano All images taken from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/infocenter.html Taxonomic information based on the A.O.U. Check List of North American Birds, 7th Edition, 1998. Ecological Information obtained from multiple sources, including The Sibley Guide to Birds, Stokes Field Guide to Birds. Nest and other images scanned from the ZOL 360 Coursepack. Neither the images nor the information herein be copied or reproduced for commercial purposes without the prior consent of the original copyright holders. Full Species Names Common Loon Wood Duck Gaviiformes Anseriformes Gaviidae Anatidae Gavia immer Anatinae Anatini Horned Grebe Aix sponsa Podicipediformes Mallard Podicipedidae Anseriformes Podiceps auritus Anatidae Double-crested Cormorant Anatinae Pelecaniformes Anatini Phalacrocoracidae Anas platyrhynchos Phalacrocorax auritus Blue-Winged Teal Anseriformes Tundra Swan Anatidae Anseriformes Anatinae Anserinae Anatini Cygnini Anas discors Cygnus columbianus Canvasback Anseriformes Snow Goose Anatidae Anseriformes Anatinae Anserinae Aythyini Anserini Aythya valisineria Chen caerulescens Common Goldeneye Canada Goose Anseriformes Anseriformes Anatidae Anserinae Anatinae Anserini Aythyini Branta canadensis Bucephala clangula Red-Breasted Merganser Caspian Tern Anseriformes Charadriiformes Anatidae Scolopaci Anatinae Laridae Aythyini Sterninae Mergus serrator Sterna caspia Hooded Merganser Anseriformes Black Tern Anatidae Charadriiformes Anatinae
    [Show full text]
  • Fernald Preserve Bird List
    Bird List Order: ANSERIFORMES Order: PODICIPEDIFORMES Order: GRUIFORMES Order: COLUMBIFORMES Family: Anatidae Family: Podicipedidae Family: Rallidae Family: Columbidae Black-bellied Whistling Duck Pied-billed Grebe Virginia Rail Rock Pigeon Greater White-fronted Goose Horned Grebe Sora Mourning Dove Snow Goose Red-necked Grebe Common Gallinule Order: CUCULIFORMES Ross’s Goose American Coot Order: SULIFORMES Family: Cuculidae Cackling Goose Family: Gruidae Family: Phalacrocoracidae Yellow-billed Cuckoo Canada Goose Sandhill Crane Mute Swan Double-crested Cormorant Black-billed Cuckoo Trumpeter Swan Order: CHARADRIIFORMES Order: PELECANIFORMES Order: STRIGIFORMES Tundra Swan Family: Recurvirostridae Family: Ardeidae Family: Tytonidae Wood Duck Black-necked Stilt American White Pelican Barn Owl Gadwall Family: Charadriidae American Bittern Family: Strigidae Eurasian Wigeon Black-bellied Plover Least Bittern Eastern Screech-Owl American Wigeon American Golden Plover Great Blue Heron Great Horned Owl American Black Duck Semipalmated Plover Great Egret Barred Owl Mallard Killdeer Snowy Egret Long-eared Owl Blue-winged Teal Family: Scolopacidae Little Blue Heron Short-eared Owl Norther Shoveler Spotted Sandpiper Cattle Egret Northern Saw-whet Owl Northern Pintail Solitary Sandpiper Green Heron Garganey Greater Yellowlegs Order: CAPRIMULGIFORMES Black-crowned Night-Heron Green-winged Teal Willet Family: Caprimulgidae Canvasback Family: Threskiornithidae Lesser Yellowlegs Common Nighthawk Glossy Ibis Redhead Upland Sandpiper Ring-necked Duck White-faced
    [Show full text]
  • Central Valley Records Ofeastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus Virens)
    Central Valley records of Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) Jeri M. Langham, Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences, CSUS, Sacramento, CA 95819 David Yee, 11707 North Alpine, Lodi, CA 95240 On the morning of 18 August 1983, while Ii,stening to the songs of Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) and Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) near the little meadow area at the entrance to Durham Ferry County Park, San Joaquin City, San Joaquin County, DY heard a very plain, slurred, drawn out "pee-ah-wee" (song form 1 of McCarty [1996]) followed by a "wee-ur" (song form 2). It was heardjust once and was rather far off, but it was so distinctively clear that DY felt it was either the full song of an Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) or a bird mimicking one. An extended visit the following morning failed to turn up anything, so it was let go as a tantalizing possibility. Several weeks later, on the morning of 5 September, DY again visited the area with Woody Kuen. The woodland was extremely busy with migrants, including at least 6 wood-pewees. Suddenly, one of the wood-pewees gave the full song that was heard on 18 August. It proceeded to give the song regularly at about 30 second intervals. The bird sat for long periods of time on exposed perches in tall cottonwoods, occasionally chasing other wood-pewees. In appearance, the bird on all accounts was nearly identical to a Western Wood-Pewee. It was a medium• sized flycatcher with the entire upperparts a medium brownish-olive.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Revision of the Greater Antillean Pewee
    THEWILSONBULLETIN A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF ORNITHOLOGY Published by the Wilson Ornithological Society VOL. 105, No. 2 JUNE 1993 PAGES2 17-387 Wilson Bull., 105(2), 1993, pp. 211-221 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GREATER ANTILLEAN PEWEE GEORGEB.REYNARD,I ORLANDOH.GARRIDO,~ AND ROBERTL. SUTTON~ AnsTaAcr.-The Greater Antillean Pewee (Contopuscuribaeus) has mutually exclusive dawn songs in Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas. In Hispaniola, dawn songs are fast, emphatic, and loud, with one single and three paired syllables rising in pitch from ca 1.9-3.0 kHz. In Jamaica, dawn songs are weaker, having two and three syllable phrases, usually given alternately, and ranging from ca 2-4 kHz. In Cuba and the Bahamas, dawn songs are high-pitched, squeaky whistles, ascending and descending, and ranging from ca 3.0-5.5 kHz. These differences readily are discerned by ear and in sonograms. None of the vocalizations in the Bahama-Cuba region, Jamaica, or Hispaniola was duplicated in either of the other two populations. Most plumage differences among these populations are subtle, but birds in Cuba and the Bahamas have a striking, white, crescent-shaped “post-ocular spot” not found on pewees in Jamaica or Hispaniola. Pewees in Jamaica have smaller masses, and shorter tails, tarsi, wings, and exposed culmen than birds in Cuba. Dawn songs and measurements indicate that these populations of the Greater Antillean Pewee are suf- ficiently different to be recognized as separate species. Received25 Sept. 1991, accepted20 Oct. 1992. The distribution of the Greater Antillean Pewee (Contops caribaeus), (Peters 1979, AOU 1983, Bond 1985) includes the Bahama Islands of Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Eleuthera, and Cat Islands, Cuba (in- ’ ’ 105Midway St., Riverton,New Jersey08077-1012.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Wood-Pewee Col1topus Virel1s
    Eastern Wood-Pewee COl1topUS Virel1S Eastern Wood-Pewees inhabit clearings in and at the edges of forests and woodlots, stands of shade and fruiting trees, and open woodlands with sparse canopy layers. The species is rare or absent in exclusively spruce­ fir forest. In a study of flycatcher habitat selection in eastern North America, Hes­ penheide (1971) found that few pewee ter­ ritories had uniform vegetative cover, and concluded that the Eastern Wood-Pewee is essentially an edge species. The Eastern Wood-Pewee's plaintive three­ note whistle is the first indication of the spe­ cies' presence for most observers. This mod­ The wood-pewee's eggs are white with a estly plumaged flycatcher tends to forage at wreath of reddish to purplish brown spots high levels in trees and therefore may be about the large end. Clutch size ranges from difficult to see. Fortunately, its long aerial 2 to 4 eggs; the norm is 3 (Bent 1942). All forays after flying insects make it easier to recorded Vermont clutches contained 3 eggs. see than some more abundant birds (e.g., The incubation period lasts from 12 to 13 the Red-eyed Vireo). This species is difficult days (Bent 1942). Seven Vermont dates for to confirm as a breeder. A patient observer nests containing eggs range from June 10 to may obtain breeding confirmation by keep­ June 27; fledgling and nestling dates suggest ing a careful watch on a pair until one mem­ that eggs may be found in Vermont nests ber, usually the female, reveals the nest's from late May to mid July.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Anatidae Black-Bellied Whistling-Duck, 14 Fulvous Whistling-Duck, 14 Swan Goose, 3 Taiga Bean-Goose, 4 Tundra Bean-Go
    Family Anatidae Hooded Merganser, 35 Flesh-footed Shearwater, 66 Cooper's Hawk, 98 Marbled Godwit, 135 Bonaparte's Gull, 157 Burrowing Owl, 217 American Three-toed Black-bellied Whistling-Duck, 14 Common Merganser, 34 Great Shearwater, 66 Northern Goshawk, 99 Ruddy Turnstone, 136 Black-headed Gull, 156 Spotted Owl, 215 Woodpecker, 252 Fulvous Whistling-Duck, 14 Red-breasted Merganser, 34 Buller's Shearwater, 64 Bald Eagle, 111 Black Turnstone, 136 Little Gull, 156 Barred Owl, 215 Black-backed Woodpecker, 252 Swan Goose, 3 Ruddy Duck, 35 Sooty Shearwater, 67 Common Black Hawk, 100 Great Knot, 137 Ross's Gull, 154 Great Gray Owl, 214 Northern Flicker, 253 Taiga Bean-Goose, 4 Family Numididae Short-tailed Shearwater, 67 Harris's Hawk, 100 Red Knot, 139 Laughing Gull, 159 Long-eared Owl, 212 Gilded Flicker, 253 Tundra Bean-Goose, 4 Helmeted Guineafowl, 50 Manx Shearwater, 65 Gray Hawk, 101 Surfbird, 139 Franklin's Gull, 158 Short-eared Owl, 212 Pileated Woodpecker, 242 Greater White-fronted Goose, 4 Family Odontophoridae Black-vented Shearwater, 65 Red-shouldered Hawk, 102 Ruff, 148 Black-tailed Gull, 174 Boreal Owl, 216 Ivory-billed Woodpecker, xvi Graylag Goose, 3 Mountain Quail, 39 Family Hydrobatidae Broad-winged Hawk, 103 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper, 140 Heermann's Gull, 173 Northern Saw-whet Owl, 216 Family Falconidae Bar-headed Goose, 3 Scaled Quail, 39 Wilson's Storm-Petrel, 68 Short-tailed Hawk, 105 Stilt Sandpiper, 146 Mew Gull, 160 Family Caprimulgidae Crested Caracara, 254 Emperor Goose, 8 California Quail, 38 Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel,
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Wood-Pewee,Contopus Virens
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Eastern Wood-pewee Contopus virens in Canada Photo: courtesy Carl Savignac SPECIAL CONCERN 2012 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2012. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Eastern Wood-pewee Contopus virens in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. x + 39 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Carl Savignac for writing the status report on the Eastern Wood- pewee, Contopus virens, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. The report was overseen and edited by Jon McCracken, COSEWIC Birds Specialist Subcommittee Co-chair. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le Pioui de l’Est (Contopus virens) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Eastern Wood-pewee — Photo: courtesy Carl Savignac. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2013. Catalogue No. CW69-14/663-2013E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-22136-6 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – November 2012 Common name Eastern Wood-pewee Scientific name Contopus virens Status Special Concern Reason for designation This species is one of the most common and widespread songbirds associated with North America’s eastern forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus Virens) Breeding Demography Across a Gradient of Savanna, Woodland, and Forest in the Missouri Ozarks
    The Auk 130(2):355−363, 2013 The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2013. Printed in USA. EASTERN WOOD-PEWEE (CONTOPUS VIRENS) BREEDING DEMOGRAPHY ACROSS A GRADIENT OF SAVANNA, WOODLAND, AND FOREST IN THE MISSOURI OZARKS SARAH W. KENDRICK,1,3 FRANK R. THOMPSON III,2 AND JENNIFER L. REIDY1 1Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri, 302 ABNR Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; and 2U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 202 ABNR Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Abstract.—Better knowledge of bird response to savanna and woodland restoration is needed to inform management of these communities. We related temporal and habitat variables to breeding demography and densities of the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) across a gradient of savanna, woodland, and forest. We determined nest success, clutch size, young fledged, and breeding densities and evaluated support for relationships with year, nest stage, date, nest height, tree cover, and percent forest in a 10-km radius. One hundred and twenty-eight of 310 nests (41.3%) fledged young. The most supported nest-survival model included nest stage and percent forest in the landscape. Daily nest survival was greater in the incubation than in the nestling stage and increased substantially with decreasing forest in the landscape. Four nests (1.3%) were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Eastern Wood- Pewee density increased 83% over a range of 10–170% tree cover (percent tree stocking). Increased nest success with decreasing forest in the landscape indicates that Eastern Wood-Pewees are not highly susceptible to forest-fragmentation effects in the Missouri Ozarks, probably because they were not very susceptible to brood parasitism.
    [Show full text]