CONTENTS

Sl.No. Chapter Page No. Role and Mandate of the Minsitry v 1. Natural Resources - Survey and Exploration 1 2. Conservation 29 3. Environmental Impact Assessment 91 4. Abatement of Pollution 99 5. Conservation of Water Bodies 141 6. Regeneration and Eco-Development 153 7. Research 161 8. Education and Awareness 189 9. Centres of Excellence 217 10. Fellowships and Awards 231 11. Environmental Information 237 12. Legislation and Institutional Support 245 13. International Cooperation and Sustainable Development 249 14. Administration and Civil Construction 277 15. Plan Coordination and Budget 289 Annexures ROLE AND MANDATE OF THE MINISTRY Ministry of Environment & Forests

Role and Mandate of the Ministry Facility (GEF) and regional bodies such as Economic and Social Council for Asia and Role of the Ministry Pacific (ESCAP) and South Asian Association The Ministry of Environment & Forests for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) on matters (MoEF) is the nodal agency in the Central pertaining to environment. Government for planning, promotion, coordination and overseeing the The broad objectives of the Ministry are: implementation of India’s environmental and – Conservation and survey of flora, fauna, forestry policies and programmes. forests and wildlife, The primary concerns of the Ministry of – Prevention and control of pollution, Environment & Forests under the Government structure are implementation of policies and – Afforestation and regeneration of programmes relating to conservation of the degraded areas, country’s natural resources including lakes and – Protection of the environment, and rivers, its biodiversity, forests and wildlife, ensuring the welfare of animals and prevention – Ensuring the welfare of animals. and abatement of pollution. While These objectives are well supported by a implementing these policies and programmes, set of legislative and regulatory measures, the Ministry is guided by the principle of aimed at the preservation, conservation and sustainable development. protection of the environment. Besides the The Ministry is also the nodal agency for legislative measures, a National Conservation the United Nations Environment Programme Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment (UNEP), South Asia Co-operative Environment and Development, 1992, National Forest Programme (SACEP), International Centre for Policy, 1988, a Policy Statement on Abatement Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) of Pollution, 1992 and a National Environment and the United Nations Conference on Policy, 2006 also guide the Ministry’s work. Environment and Development (UNCED). The The organization structure of the Ministry Ministry also coordinates with multilateral indicating various Divisions and its autonomous bodies such as the Commission on Sustainable and subordinate offices is given at Annexure- Development (CSD), Global Environment I-A & I-B.

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Mandate of the Ministry Development in the country including Allocation of Business Social Forestry. – Environment and Ecology, including – All matters relating to Forest and Forest environment in coastal waters, in Administration in the Andaman and mangroves and coral reefs but excluding Nicobar Islands. marine environment on the high seas. – Indian Forest Service. – Survey and Exploration of Natural – Wild Life Preservation and protection of Resources particularly of Forest, Flora, wild birds and animals. Fauna, Ecosystems etc. – Fundamental and applied research and – Bio-diversity Conservation including that training including higher education in of lakes and wetlands. forestry. – Conservation, development, management – Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological and abatement of pollution of rivers which Park. shall include National River Conservation Directorate. – National Assistance to Forestry Development Schemes. – Environmental Impact Assessment. – Indian Plywood Industries Research and – Environment research and development, Training Institute, Bangalore. education, training, information and awareness. – Afforestation and Eco-development which shall include National Afforestation and – Environmental Health. Eco-Development Board. – Forest Development Agency and Joint – Desert and Desertification. Forest Management Programme for conservation, management and – Forest Survey of India. afforestation. – Indian Institute of Bio-diversity, Itanagar. – Wildlife conservation, preservation, – Central Pollution Control Board. protection planning, research, education, training and awareness including Project – G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Tiger and Project Elephant. Environment & Development. – International co-operation on issues – Wildlife Institute of India and Indian Board concerning Environment, Forestry and for Wildlife. Wildlife. – Indian Institute of Forest Management. – Botanical Survey of India and Botanical – Central Zoo Authority including National Gardens. Zoological Park. – Zoological Survey of India. – Indian Council of Forestry Research & – National Museum of Natural History. Education. – Biosphere Reserve Programme. – Andaman and Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corporation – National Forest Policy and Forestry Limited.

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– Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. – The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 (36 of 1977). – Matters relating to pounds and cattle trespass. – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981). – Gaushalas and Gausadans. – The Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927). – The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, – The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1960 (59 of 1960). 1972). – The National Environment Tribunal Act, – The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69 1995 (27 of 1995). of 1980). – The National Environment Appellate – The Environment (Protection), Act, 1986 Authority Act, 1997 (22 of 1997). (29 of 1986). – The Water Prevention and Control of – The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 Pollution Act, 1974 (6 of 1974). (6 of 1991).

viii CHAPTER-1 NATURAL RESOURCES SURVEY AND EXPLORATION Ministry of Environment & Forests

Survey of Flora Botanical Survey of India Introduction The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) is the apex research organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India for carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on wild plant resources of the country. It was established on 13th February, 1890 with the basic objective to explore the plant resources of the country and to identify the plants species with economic virtues. Sir George Fig-1.Allamanda cathartica, a flowering plant, commonly known King, the then Superintendent of the as Golden Trumpet Vine ‘Royal Botanic Garden’ Calcutta was appointed as First ex-officio Honorary ecosystems in particular; publication of Director of the BSI. After independence the National, State and District Floras. department was reorganized in 1954 by – Identification of threatened/red list species Government of India as a part of scientific and species rich areas needing development of the country. During the conservation; ex-situ conservation of successive plan periods, the functional base critically threatened species in botanical of BSI was further expanded to include various gardens. new areas such as inventorying of endemic, – Survey and documentation of traditional rare and threatened plant species; evolving knowledge (ethno-botany) associated with conservation strategies; studies on fragile plants. ecosystems and protected areas, like wildlife – Develop a National database of Indian sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere plants, including herbarium and live reserves; multiplication and maintenance of specimens, botanical paintings/ endemic and threatened plant species, wild illustrations, etc. ornamentals, etc., in Botanic Gardens and Orchidaria; documentation of traditional The secondary objectives are: knowledge associated with plants and – Revisionary/Monographic studies on development of National Database of selected plant groups. herbarium specimens/live collections/botanical – Qualitative analysis of nutritive value of paintings/illustrations, plant distribution and ethno-food plants and other economically nomenclature, plant uses, etc. useful species. Objectives – Capacity building in plant taxonomy The primary objectives of BSI are as through refresher courses and post M.Sc. follows: certificate course. – Exploration, inventorying and – Environment Impact Assessment of areas documentation of phytodiversity in general assigned by the Ministry of Environment and protected areas, hotspots and fragile and Forests, New Delhi.

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– Develop and maintain Botanical Gardens, Reserve), Assam (Gibbon Wildlife Museums and Herbaria. Sanctuary, Pani Dihing Wildlife Sanctuary, – Preparation of Seed, Pollen and Spore Pabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Barnadi Wildlife Atlas of Indian Plants. Sanctuary), Mizoram (Aizawl and Kolasib districts and Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary), Activities undertaken during the year Meghalaya (East and West Garo Hills Botanical Exploration and districts) Inventorisation of Phytodiversity – Arid – Semi Arid: Gujarat (Rajkot, Field tours and Herbarium consultation Bhavnagar, Patan districts); Rajasthan tours (Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary) Sixty-three field tours were undertaken for – Gangetic Plains: Uttar Pradesh (Ranipur floristic/ethnobotanical studies on flowering Wildlife Sanctuary, Katerniyaghat Wildlife and non-flowering plants by different regional Sanctuary, Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary), centres and units of BSI covering the following Jharkhand (Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, areas Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary), West Bengal – Western Himalaya: Tropical and (Buxa National Park, Gorumara National Subtropical Zones of Siwaliks; Masartal, Park) 11 Binakkhal, Kandikhal and Chandrabadni; – Deccan Peninsula: Madhya Pradesh Sukhi-Jhala, Dharali-Sattaland, (Govindsagar Dam, Halali Dam, Mod SiyanGad-Khaga Glacier valley and Dam, Upper Lake) Govind Pashu Vihar National Park of Uttarkashi District – Western Ghats: Karnataka (Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary), Goa (Netravali, – Eastern Himalaya: Sikkim (West and South Cotigaon, Madei-Bondla Wildlife districts) Sanctuaries and Dr. Salim Ali Bird – North – East India: Arunachal Pradesh Sanctuary), Kerala (Wayanad Wildlife (Kurum Kumey, Anjaw and West Siang Sanctuary, Idukki, Chitteri Hills), Tamil districts, Dihang Dibang Biosphere Nadu (Vellingiri, Siruvani and Anakkatti Hills) – A & N Islands: Middle Andaman (Interview Islands WLS), Nicobar (Little Nicobar) During these field tours, ca 6,375 specimens have been collected. 4,340 of these collected specimens belonging to ca 872 species were identified by scientists of different regional centres and units which resulted in discovery of one genus, 15 species, four varieties as Fig-2. Cineraria an ornamental flower in bloom new to science and 19 species as new to India.

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Fig-3. Sesbania grandiflora, commonly known as ‘agati’, an important medicinal plant

– Impatiens devendrae Pusalkar Genus new to Science (Balsaminaceae) – Stapletonia P. Singh, S. S. Dash & P. – Impatiens leggei Pusalkar & D. K. Singh Kumari (Poaceae - Bambusoideae) (Balsaminaceae) Species new to science – Lepidozia kashyapii D. Singh & D. K. Singh (Lejeuneaceae) – Actephila excelsa (Dalz.) Muell. Arg. var. brevifolia N. Balach. & T. Chakrab. – Leptolejeunea mirikana M. Dey & D. K. (Euphorbiaceae) Singh (Lejeuneaceae) – Bhesa andamanica N. Balach. & T. – Leptolejeunea udarii M. Dey & D. K. Singh Chakrab. (Celastraceae) (Lejeuneaceae) – Corydalis vaginans var. jadhgangensis – Lindera sanjappae M. K. Pathak, Bhaumik Pusalkar & D. K. Singh (Fumariaceae) & T. Chakrab. (Lauraceae) – Lindera varmae M. K. Pathak, Bhaumik & – Desmos chinensis Lour. var. jarawae T. T. Chakrab. (Lauraceae) Chakrab. & Diwakar (Annonaceae) – Medinilla balakrishnanii J. Jayanthi, K. – Impatiens badrinathii Pusalkar & D. K. Karthigeyan, R. Sumati & Diwakar Singh (Balsaminaceae) (Melastomataceae)

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– Miliusa caudata N. Balach. & T. Chakrab. – Lindera cercidifolia Hemsl. (Lauraceae) (Annonaceae) – Medinilla speciosa Blume – Neolitsea sanjappae M. K. Pathak, (Melastomataceae) Bhaumik & T. Chakrab. (Lauraceae) – Rhododendron hylaeum Belf.f & Farrer – Notoscyphus darjeelingensis var. (Ericaceae) sikkimensis D. Singh, D. K. Singh & A. – Ruellia brittoniana Leonard (Acanthaceae) Kumar (Jungermanniaceae) – Ruellia elegans Hook. f. (Acanthaceae) – Phyllanthus rangachariarii Murugan, Kabeer & G. V. S. Murthy (Euphorbiaceae) – Sinocrassula indica A. Berger var. viridiflora K. T. Fu (Crassulaceae) – Sageretia devendrae Pusalkar (Rhamnaceae) – Tuyamaella serratistipa S. Hatt. (Lejeuneaceae) – Sageretia santapaui Pusalkar & D. K. Singh (Rhamnaceae) Species Records for State New Records for India – Appendicula cornuta Blume (Orchidaceae) – Recorded from Meghalaya Genus new to India 11 – Eria arunachalensis A. N. Rao – Tuyamaella S. Hatt. (Orchidaceae) – Recorded from Species new to India Meghalaya – Cololejeunea aequabilis (Sande Lac.) – Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) – Schiffn. (Lejeuneaceae) Recorded from Uttar Pradesh – Cololejeunea dozyana (Sande Lac.) – Mastixia euonymoides Pram (Cornaceae) Schiffn. (Lejeuneaceae) – Recorded from Tamil Nadu – Cololejeunea macounii (Spruce ex – Riccia melanospora Kashyap – Recorded Underw.) A. Evans. (Lejeuneaceae) from West Bengal – Cololejeunea occllata (Horik.) Benedix. – Riccia perssonii Sultan Khan – Recorded (Lejeuneaceae) from West Bengal – Cololejeunea serrulata Steph. – Riccia stricta (Lindenb.) Perold – Recorded (Lejeuneaceae) from West Bengal – Corydalis swatensis (Kitam.) Jafri Species collected after 50 years or more (Fumariaceae) – Canscora stricta Sedgw. (Gentianaceae) – Cotynus coggygria var glaucocephala C. – Ginalloa andamanica Kurz (Viscaceae) Y. Wu (Anacardiaceae) – Heritiera papilio Bedd. – Eria lacei Summerh. (Orchidaceae) – Juncus tenuis Willd. (Juncaceae) – – Globba wardii (B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm.) collected from Meghalaya K. J. Williams (Zingiberaceae) Documentation of Phytodiversity – Jubula pennsylvanica (Steph.) A. Evans. sub.sp. pennsylvanica (Jubulaceae) National Flora (Flora of India) – Leptolejeunea apiculata (Horik.) S. Hatt. – Taxonomic description of 42 species of (Lejeuneaceae) Aspidiaceae (Pteridophyte) and 116

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37 species of Aspidiaceae of north East India and 37 species of Bryoflora of Mizoram completed. Protected Areas – Taxonomic description of 398 species towards Flora of Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Pani Dihing Wildlife Sanctuary, Pabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary, Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Darrah Fig-4. Costus speciosus, popularly known as Crepe Ginger Wildlife Sanctuary, Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary, species of Rubiaceae (Angiosperm) Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Dalma completed Wildlife Sanctuary, Koderma Wildlife – Palynotaxonomic studies on 80 species of Sanctuary, Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary Lauraceae of India completed. completed. Regional/State Flora Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge of Plant Resources – Taxonomic description of 928 species – During this period three field tours to towards (a) Flora of Jammu & Kashmir, Jharsuguda, Angul and Kandhamal (b) Flora of Gujarat, (c) Flora of Cold districts of the Orissa state were Desert of North West Himalayas (d) undertaken and 116 plants with 200 Ericaceae of Arunachal Pradesh, (e) Flora ethnobotanical uses from Jharsuguda, 195 of Manipur Vol. III and (f) Flora of Kerala plant species with 248 ethnobotanical uses Vol. III completed. – Editing of Flora of West Bengal, Vol. IV, Moss Flora Tawang District, Arunachal Pradesh and Checklist of Xanthophyceae in India completed. – Taxonomic descrip- tion of 160 species for Endemic and Threatened Pterido- phytes of North West Himalaya, 78 species of Macrofungi of Siwalik Himalaya, Fig-5. Bell Rhododendron, a wild species of Himalayan alpine region

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from Angul district and 104 plant with 175 ethnobotanical uses from Kandhamal district were collected. Studies of Nutritional Values of Wild Edible Plants of Meghalaya – Analyses of the nutritional composition, mineral contents and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Bauhinia purpurea, Clerodendron colebrookianum, Diplazium esculentum, Fagopyrum cymosum, Ficus clavata, Ficus geniculata, Ficus pomifera, Gentiana pedicellata, Oenanthe linearis, Sonchus arvensis, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, the fruits of Docynia indica, Elaegnus latifolia, elaegnus pyriformis, Flemingia vestita, Meynia laxiflora, Morus indica, Myrica 11 esculenta, Myrica nagi, Perkia roxburghii, Prunus nepalensis, Solanum gilo, Solanum kurzii, Terminalia bellirica, Fig-6.Saussuri obvallata (Brahma Kamal), Viburnum foetidum, roots of Houttuynia sacred flower Himalaya cordata, Potentila lineate, seeds of – Twenty five rare and endangered species Castanopsis indica, Gynocardia have been introduced in other associated odorata, Perila ocimoides, and the botanic gardens of different Regional flowers of Dillenia pentagyna collected Centres of BSI from different markets of Meghalaya Monitoring of Botanic Gardens state, India were carried out. During the period BSI monitored the status Ex-situ Conservation in Botanic Gardens of conservation of threatened species in – Twenty eight plants of orchids (17 the following botanical gardens under species), 100 plants of Trachycarpus “Assistance to Botanic Gardens Scheme’ fortunei, 15 plants of Cycas rumphii, five funded by MoEF. plants of Cycas circinalis, 36 plants of – Botanic Garden of KMCH College of Cycas beddomei, four plants of Cycas Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu revolutea, four plants of Dion spinulosa, one plant of Encephalartos gratus and – Botanic Garden of Shi Prasakthi College one plant of Ginkgo biloba have been of Women, Courtallam, Tamil Nadu introduced in the Botanic Garden of – Botanic Garden of Thanthai Hans Roever Indian Republic, NOIDA College, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu – Eighty nine rare plants collected from – Botanic Garden of Assam Bio-Resource Assam, Meghalaya and Andaman & Centre of Assam Science & Technology, Nicobar Islands have been introduced Assam in Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose – Botanic Garden of Junagarh Agricultural Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah University, Junagarh, Gujarat

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– Botanic Garden of University of 34 species for the botanists from India. Agricultural Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & The images of the type specimens of 68 Kashmir species and photocopies of 21 – Botanic Garden of D. M. College of protologues were provided to scientists Sciences, Imphal, Manipur of different institutes in India. – Twenty two proposals, received for funding Maintenance and enrichment of under ‘Assistance to Botanic Garden’ Herbaria in Botanical Survey of India scheme of MoEF, were reviewed. – During the period 1258 specimens were Miscellaneous mounted and 8,789 herbarium specimens Public Services rendered were remounted. 20,359 herbarium sheets were dusted and fumigated. 14,268 – BSI disseminated scientific information to herbarium sheets have been poisoned and public and also assisted scientists, students 4,569 sheets have been incorporated in and researchers in their pursuit of different herbaria of BSI. taxonomic research on plants. During the period scientists, students and visitors, Publication: including 19 VIPs, have visited the Botanic Gardens, Herbaria and Museums of BSI; During the period BSI published the 185 requests for information and supply following books and Journals: of plant materials have been attended. – Bulletin of BSI (Nelumbo), Vol.: 51; Identified 180 plant materials and supplied Vanaspati Vani, Vol. 19; Plant Discoveries 1125 pages of photocopied literature. 2009; Flowering Plants of India – Report of the Indian Botanical Liaison Dicotyledons, Vol. 1; Indian Lichens – An Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Annotated Checklist; Vanaspati Anveshan – Indian Botanical Liaison Officer identified 2009; Ferns and Fern- Allies of Sikkim. – Scientists of BSI have also published more than 185 research papers in different peer reviewed journals in India and outside during the period. Visit of Parliamentary Committees – The Parliamentary Committee on Official language reviewed the status of implementation of official language in Arid Zone Regional Centre, Jodhpur on 9th February, 2010 and in Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore on 22nd Fig-7. Callicarpa rubella, an ornamental plant with flower October, 2010.

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established in 1916, is a pre- eminent research institution under Ministry of Environment and Forests. This institution is tasked with the survey and exploration of faunal resources of the country. The ultimate goal is the taxonomic identification and documentation of the country’s biodiversity. Primary Objectives The current mandate of ZSI is survey, collection documentation (including the traditional knowledge associated with Fig-8. Amazon Blue - Otacanthus caeruleus, an evergreen animals) and ex situ conservation shrub that blooms most of the year 11 of wild animal diversity of the Award Lectures country. High priority areas include: – Dr. M. Sanjappa, Director, BSI delivered – Digitization of present collections, the G. B. Deodikar memorial lecture at preparation of fine scale distribution maps Agharkar Research Institute, Pune on 17th based on primary occurrence data and November, 2010 and Prof. A. R.Chavan making it available in a searchable Memorial lecture at M. S. University, format. Baroda on 17th December, 2010. – Publication of National and State faunas. – Dr. D. K. Singh, Scientist ‘F’ delivered Probir Chatterjee memorial Lecture at – Taxonomic studies, revisionary/ Vishwa Bharti University, Santiniketan on monographic studies on selected animal 3rd December, 2010. groups. Revenue earnings – Identification of Red list species and species rich areas needing conservation – During the period BSI earned and focus on data deficient species to `25,20,023/- through (a) Entry Fee, Car collect more information on populations. Parking and Outsourcing of Boating and Battery Driven Vehicle in AJC Bose Indian – Development of a National database of Botanic Garden, Howrah, (b) Sale of Indian animals including Museum departmental publications and (c) specimens, live specimens, paintings, identification of plant specimens and illustrations etc. and maintenance of supply of photocopied literature, etc. already existing collections with modern Survey of Fauna facilities and as per international standards of collection management. Zoological Survey of India – Developing and maintaining Museums and Introduction and Objectives using such facilities for conservation Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), education for people especially students.

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all the biologists, and other interested public. Activities undertaken during the year Faunal Exploration & Inventorisation of Animal Diversity Scientists of ZSI surveyed States, Union Territories, Biosphere reserves, Conservation Areas and made Status Surveys. A total of 129 surveys were carried out during the period under Fig-9. Chital in Pench National Park report from the areas stated below. States and UT’s 26 – Ex situ conservation of critically threatened taxa. Biosphere Reserve 11 – Capacity building in taxonomy, Conservation Area 32 nomenclature, specimen collection, In addition to the above 10 surveys were preservation and maintenance through also carried out to find out the status of training programmes. specified animal groups. Some Important Research Studies undertaken Secondary Objectives – Status survey of Chinkara and Desert cat – To establish a panel of experienced and in Gujarat. active taxonomists and obtain their consent to participate in fauna project. – Status survey of Swamp Deer Cervus duvaucelii in Dudwa National Park (U. – To prepare annotated checklist of different P.). groups of animals, museum collections, – Status survey of scheduled Mollusc, based on published documents giving Trochus niloticus and Turbo marmoratus local names if any with locality and as per requirement of MoEF as well as habitat. Make available the electronic Andaman and Nicobar Administration. version of checklist to the general public; and circulate it among the panel of – Status survey of the Khasi Hills Rock Toad zoologists who would, in turn, check for (Bufoides meghalayana) from omissions, ambiguities, localities and Cherrapunjee, East Khasi Hills, habitat through active consultation with Meghalaya. other local zoologists. – Animal Species in Convention and Act (an Ad-hoc assignment) – The State faunas are to be published electronically giving correct names, – Red-data book on the Fishes of India. localities, habitats, sketches and – Feasibility Study regarding re-introduction photographs of important species on an of Pygmy Hogs at Gorumara Wildlife interactive Fauna of India Website. This Sanctuary, in Jalpaiguri district, West will act as an outreach programme for Bengal.

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MoEF and Andaman and Nicobar Administration. – Study of impact of Lignite mining on fauna in Hadla Rawaleton, Hadla Bhatiyan and Mokha Lignite Mining Blocks District Bikaner (Rajasthan). – Environmental impact assessment studies in Katchal and Teressa Islands for the construction of Jetty as requested by Port Management Board, Andaman and Nicobar Administration. – Monitoring of Marine mammals Fig-10. Barheaded Geese (Ansar indicus) in their natural habitat stranding incidences. – All India net work programme on Blue – Study of Ecto-parasistes in ornamental tongue disease. fishes. 11 – Study of Spawning of Horse-shoe crabs in 1 – Animal Fossil studies from Disang Group 11 of rocks of Cenozoic era from Nagaland captivity. and from the Cretaceous rock beds of Narmada Valley, Madhya Pradesh. – Studies on the fauna of cold desert of Ladakh. – Studies on the fauna of Antarctica. – Survey and monitoring the health of coral reefs of India (sponsored by MoEF). – Diversity and distribution of coral and their associated fauna of Rani Jhansi Marine National Park (sponsored by MoEF). – GIS based mapping and analysis of ecological variables of reefs around the little Andaman Island (sponsored by MoEF). – Survey and Monitoring of Coral reefs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (sponsored by Dept. of Environment and Forests, Andaman & Nicobar Islands). – Lead Institution: Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve (sponsored by MoEF). – Studies on the faunal diversity of Great Nicobar Reserve (sponsored by MoEF). – Census of spotted deer and birds in Mount Harriet National Park in collaboration with Fig-11. Peacock (Pavo Cristatus), our national bird

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– Over 1000 point locations of endemic Ghats along with a team of butterfly amphibians of the Western Ghats were experts including Dr. Krushnamegh Kunte georeferenced and preliminary mapping of Harvard University, U.S.A of 132 species were completed by Western – A survey for amphibian studies was Regional Centre, Pune and Western Ghat conducted in the Kempholay forests, Regional Centre, Kozhikode (Calicut) and Gundia and Charmadi Ghats of Study of DNA material for evolutionary Karnataka along with a team of outside studies. amphibian experts, in search of “Lost – Collaboration with Centre for Cellular & Amphibians”. Molecular Biology (CCMB) Genus new to Science Bone powder from the holotype of – One new genus of order Hymenoptera Balaenoptera edeni (a Whale species) and identified. extinct Indian Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus were provided to CCMB scientists. In – One new genus of order Arachnida addition to this MOU made for molecular discovered. studies on birds. Species new to Science – An MOU between ZSI/ANRC, Port Blair – Two species of Protozoa, One species of and Central Agricultural Research Institute Nematode, Six species of Trematodes, (-CARI) (ICAR), Port Blair has been signed One species of Leech, Two species of for the collaborative study on ‘Marine Scleractinian corals, 54 species of Sponges Barcoding’. Insects, Two Arachinids, Six species of Field tours with outside experts Fishes, Five species of Amphibians are – One of the scientists of ZSI participated described as new to science. in the butterfly survey of Aralam, and Genus new to India Malabar Wildlife Sanctuaries, Kottiyur Fish Genus, Brachysomophys (Pisces: Reserve Forest as well as the Thusaragiri, and Kakkavayal areas of southern Western Ophichthidae) and Anuorphorus are recorded for the first time from India.

New Records to India Eight species of Sponges, 95 species of Scleractinian corals, Five species of Gorgonids, 10 species of Nematodes, 43 species of Molluscs, 15 species of Polyclads, 13 species of Crustaceans, Six species of Echinoderms, Two species of Nemerteans, 18 species of Insects, Nine species of Arachnids, Six species of Ascidians, 50 species of fishes Fig-12. Red Panda (Ailurus Fulgens), needs conservation

12 Annual Report 2010-2011 and One amphibian species are recorded for the first time in India. Species inorporated in the IUCN Red list Fourty four species of Odonata, and 48 species of freshwater fishes were assessed by ZSI scientists and were incorporated in the IUCN Red List (www.iucnredlist.org ).

Documentation of Animal Diversity – Four hundred research papers/books have been published by ZSI scientists. – Publication Division of ZSI published 38 books/Journals. Sale of departmental publication gone up to `6,50,000/- – Dispatch of publications to exchange 11 partners in India and Abroad /Regional Stations/H.Q./Book sellers up to 20,000 Fig-13. Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) books. – Checklist of Orthoptera. – Mrs. Margaret Alva, the Hon’ble Governor – Checklist of the Microlepidoptera of India of Uttarakhand released three volumes of the Fauna of Uttarakhand and a – Checklist on Sarcophagidae, publication entitled ‘Nematodes Calliphoridae and Rhiniidae (Diptera: Associated with Insect Pests and Soil of Insecta) of India. Teak and Sal Forests of Dehra Dun’ in the – Videograph of the reddish burrowing frog. auditorium of the Raj Bhawan at Dehra Dun. – Videograph of the Red-necked Keelback snake. – As required by the Ministry, a scholarly article on the ‘Great Nicobar Biosphere – Videograph on Common Bronzeback tree Reserve An daman and Nicobar Islands’ snake. has been submitted for the publication in – Videograph on Himalayan Marmot. the ‘Indian Biosphere Reserves: – Videograph on the freshwater eel, Progression during two decades of Monopterus digressus. conservation’. – Videograph on the Tibetan Wild Ass Electronic Documentation (Kiang) The following have been electronically – Advertisement call of the frog, documented and hyperlinked with the departmental website www.zsi.gov.in.- Pseudophilautus amboli. – Advertisement call of the frog, Raorchestes – Checklist of Diptera: Sphaeroceridae bombayensis. dealing with 63 species under 28 genera prepared. Advertisement call of the frog, In addition to the above a report on Raorchestes glandulosus. “Biodiversity and Status of Riverine Ecosystem

13 Ministry of Environment & Forests of the Western Ghats” for the Western Ghats create awareness about Animal Ecology Expert Panel, MoEF prepared and Conservation. uploaded to http://westernghatsindia.org/com. – Zoological Survey of India celebrated the Miscellaneous “95th Anniversary of Foundation Day of Zoological Survey of India”. During the Public Services Rendered celebration, a photography exhibition on – Zoological galleries of the Indian Museum biodiversity was organized by ZSI in at Headquarters Kolkata and of Regional collaboration with the Indian Museum, Centres mainly Marine aquarium of ZSI Kolkata. Digha, Marine aquarium of MBC Chennai – Information on Fauna of Conservation and Museum of Western Ghats Regional Areas in Chhattisgarh was provided to Centre (WGRC), Kozhikode attracted large the Director, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of number of students. Media Technology, Jabalpur. – The ZSI made its mark in the ‘Pride of India’ Exhibition 2010 by setting up a Maintenance and enhancement of pavilion during the 97th Indian Science National Zoological Collections Congress at Thiruvananthapuram. – Compact Insect Storage System installed – An exhibition was set up by the Museum in Headquarters and Regional Centers of and Taxidermy Section of Headquarters ZSI. Valuable Zoological collections were at the International seminar on “Darwin added to the National Zoological and Human Evolution” on the occasion Collections regularly. of 200 years of the birth of Charles Darwin Distinguished visitors and 150 years of the publication of the – The Honorable Union Minister for book “Origin of Species”, organised by Environment and Forests, Shri Jairam the Asiatic Society, Kolkata. Ramesh visited ZSI Headquarters and – Scientists of ZSI delivered lectures at interacted with the staff of ZSI. On this National, Regional and Local level to occasion, the visiting dignitary released the following books. (i) Fauna of Nal Sarovar, Gujarat (ii) Annotated Checklist of Indian Land Molluscs (iii) Faunal diversity of Pong Dam and its Catchment Area (iv) List of valid Rodent Taxa from Indian Subcontinent including Myanmar. – Dr. P. J. Dilipkumar, Director General of Forests and Special Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi visited different sections of the Fig-14. Indian Spot-billed Duck & Eurasian Coot Headquarters office and

14 Annual Report 2010-2011

during his visit, following publications of Identification and Advisory Services ZSI were released.(i) Records of – Identification services rendered for several Zoological Survey of India, Vol. 109 Part organizations specially on wild life 3 &4. and (ii) A pictorial guide to material including crocodile skins, Amphibians of North East India. elephant’s tusks, sea cucumbers, fishes – Mr. Anuar Kasman, Consul General of sharks and wild pigs. Forty one lots of Malaysia and his wife Mrs. Maryani seized wild life materials were identified Majeed accompanied by ten officials of at Headquarters Kolkata and report sent the Consulate General of Malaysia visited to the competent authority which were the marine aquarium and marine museum pertaining to different court cases. of the Marine Biological Regional Centre, Advisory services were also provided to Chennai. Researchers/Institutions as per their need, when ever required. – Dr. Mark Wilkinson, Head of the Reptile, Amphibia and Fish Section of the Natural – Confiscated goods (foot wear) History Museum, London, visited Western received from the Deputy Director, Ghats Regional Centre (WGRC), Calicut Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, New to study the type specimens and other Delhi, were identified as articles made 11 collections of caecilians (Amphibia) in the of Python skin. faunal holdings of the Centre. – Two deer skulls with antlers received from the Forest Depart Govt. of West Notable lectures by distinguished Bengal and two seized wildlife scientists materials from the Maharastra Police – Dr. Allan Kellehear, Professor of Sociology and a flat skin along its skull received at the University of Bath, UK, an from the crime Branch, Maharastra internationally known researcher and were identified. author in the social issues related to death, – Confiscated broken bony shells of the dying and palliative care, delivered a semi aquatic turtle Melanochelys lecture on the topic of his specialization trijuga (Schweigger), received from the at WGRC Kozhikode. Dr. Allan Kellehear is also an active entomologist and had been the President of Australian Entomology Society for seven years. – An eminent scientist Dr. J. H. Cooper, Bird Group, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, delivered a lecture on “Pigeon post: Contributions from India to Charles Darwin’s domestic bird research” at ZSI Headquarters. – Prof Y. Ranga Reddy, Acharya Nagarjuna University Andhra Pradesh delivered lecture during one day seminar on Recent Trends in Taxonomy and Biodiversity Fig-15. Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) conservation in India at ZSI, Kolkata. in search of prey

15 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Deputy Conservator of Forests, North Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt, 1835) Goa Division, were identified and the and Actinopyga mauritiana (Quoy & report submitted. Gaimard, 1833) and the confiscated – Confiscated meat and teeth samples fins of Schedule I shark, Glyphis of a crocodile were identified for the gangeticus (Muller and Henle, 1839), wildlife range of Little Andaman and was identified. the skin sample of crocodile identified – Confiscated elephant tusks and six for wild life range of Port Blair on species of spiders were identified for request. Wildlife Division of Andaman and – Nine hundred thirty four bird skins Nicobar Administration. received from the Crime Control Bureau, MoEF, Kolkata were – Identification report on confiscated identified. specimen of common Palm Civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus was – Two detained export shipment rendered to forest officials of Kerala. materials of molluscan shells received from the Regional Deputy Director, – Two deer skulls with antlers received Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, from the Forest Dept., Govt., of West Northern Region, New Delhi and a Bengal, two seized wildlife materials sample of molluscan shell received received from Maharashtra Police, from Regional Deputy Director, and a flat skin along with skull Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, Eastern received from the Crime Branch, Region, Kolkata were identified. Maharashtra for identification, were – Confiscated Schedule-I holothurians, identified and reports submitted. – Confiscated skins of saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus were identified, based on the requests received from the Deputy Conservator of Forest (WL), Port Blair and the Assistant Wildlife Warden, Little Andaman – Dr. A.U. Choudhury, Honorary Chief Executive of the Rhino foundation for Nature in Northeast India visited the Mammal & Osteology section for study of Buffalo Horns. – Eminent scientist Dr. Allen David and Dr. Kevin Smith from the Freshwater Biodiversity Unit, IUCN, Cambridge, U. K. visited the Mollusca section. – Dr. Geraldine Veron and Dr. Andy Jennings from Museum National Fig-16. Spotted Deer (Axis axis), needs proper habitat d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France,

16 Annual Report 2010-2011

visited to study the skin sample of the Malabar Civet. Conferences/Seminars/Training Courses/ Meetings ZSI scientists regularly organized and participated in various conferences, training programmes etc. The following are some among them. – Training and extension division of ZSI, Kolkata organized 10 Training courses/ Lectures and celebrated International Days. Fig-17. Astropecten indicus, commonly known as star fish – On the occasion of Golden Jubilee – Scientists of ZSI attended the training on Celebration of Desert Regional Centre “Technology Diplomacy” at New Delhi. (DRC), Jodhpur “National Seminar on – A seminar on “Faunal Diversity and Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity 11 Climate Change” was organized at and Challenges in Thar Desert” Headquarters, Kolkata. During this – Scientists attended the training programme occasion a book entitled “Biography and on “Technology Diplomacy” organized by Bibliography of Dr. Thomas Nelson the Consumer Unity and Trust Society Annandale (1876 -1924) was released. (CUTS) Centre For International Trade, – On the occasion of the Golden Jubilee Economics and Environment at Jaipur. Celebration of DRC, ZSI, Jodhpur, a – Dr. Ramakrishna, Former Director received National seminar on ‘Impact of climate the “Janaki Ammal Award for change on biodiversity and challenges in Taxonomy’from His Excellency Dr. A.P. J. Thar Desert’ was organized Abdul Kalam, Former President of India. – A five member’s team participated in – Scientists of Headquarters attended the “Bharat Nirman Jan Suchana Abhiyan” International seminar on “Darwin and organized by Press Information Bureau Human Evolution” organised by the (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Asiatic Society, Kolkata, and during this Govt. of India), Jodhpur at Chohtan, occasion, Dr. Ramakrishna, Director, District-Barmer, Rajasthan and DRC, Zoological Survey of India acted as the Jodhpur received a Certificate of Chairperson of the fifth academic session. appreciation and Trophy. – Scientists of ZSI participated in IUCN – Scientists of ZSI attended the Trainers Western Ghats Freshwater Biodiversity Training Program on SEM at Singapore. Assessment evaluation workshop at Coimbatore, presented an overview on – Scientists attended workshop on the faunal diversity of Northern Western Conservation of river Dolphin and Ghats before the IUCN World Heritage awareness campaign jointly organized by committee at Pune and represented ZSI the Department of Forests and for a consultation meeting on ecologically Environment, Govt. of Bihar and ZSI on sensitive zones of Northern Western Ghats. the banks of river Ganga.

17 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Programme for Wood and Non-wood Forest Resources – National Coordinated Programme for Assessment of Non-Timber Forest Products Resources Forest Survey of India Introduction Forest Survey of India (FSI) is a subordinate office of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India and is responsible for the national Fig-18. Wild dogs, need protection forest resource assessment. Established on 1st June, 1981, the Forest Survey of India – In situ training for employing LIT method succeeded the “Pre investment Survey of Forest to monitor the health of the corals through Resources” (PISFR), a project initiated in 1965 SCUBA diving has been imparted to two by Government of India with the sponsorship forest dept. officials of Andaman & of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Nicobar islands. and United Nations Development Programme Forest Resources and Survey (UNDP). The mandate of FSI was revised in 1986 in order to make it more relevant to the Survey and Utilisation (SU) Division rapidly changing needs and aspirations of the Survey & Utilization Division deals with country. Major activities of FSI are ‘Forest & the matter related to Forest Survey of India, Tree Cover Assessment’ and Estimation of Dehradun, Andaman & Nicobar Forest & Growing Stock of wood within and outside Plantation Development Corporation Ltd., Port the country’s forests. FSI is also engaged in Blair, Export & Import of wood and wood providing training to state forest department products, Forest Certification, Sustainable personnel in application of Remote Sensing & Forest Management, Non-Timber Forest Geographical Information System (GIS) in Products (NTFP) Management, International forest resource assessment. The main Tropical Timber Organization etc. objectives of FSI are as follows: Beside the above, there is a plan scheme – To prepare a comprehensive State of the in SU Division - ‘Strengthening of Forestry Forest Report (SFR) including National Vegetation Map (NVM) once every two Division’ under its administrative control. This years. It will also prepare thematic maps scheme has five components which are as through use of remote sensing data with follows:- minimum essential ground-truth – Forest Survey of India verification (most ground-truth verification would be done by the respective state – Network of Regional Offices governments) on a ten year cycle. – National Forestry Data Base Management – To collect, store and retrieve necessary System (NFDMS)/ National Forestry forestry and forestry-related data for Information System national and state level planning and to – Sustainable Forest Management, create a computer based National Basic Certification, Trade etc./ Certification Forest Inventory System (NBFIS).

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– To design methodologies relating to Forest – Inventory of Forest and Trees Outside Surveys and subsequent updating. This Forests (Rural & Urban areas). includes methodologies for – Methodology Design for carrying out – Vegetation mapping including various types of survey & inventory. thematic maps through use of satellite imageries / aerial photographs. – Training and Extension – Ground-truth verification – Projects and Consultancies – Growing stock and volume Organizational Set-up assessment. The Forest Survey of India has its – To undertake work in regard to preparation headquarters at Dehradun. It has four zonal of Forest Inventory in selected States /UTs offices which are located at Shimla, Kolkata, on agency basis until establishment of Nagpur and Bangalore. The organisation is their own resources survey units. headed by a Director General; assisted by – To impart training in modern forest survey two Joint Directors at the headquarters who techniques to foresters at various levels are responsible for the National Forest Data of responsibility in the States/UTs/ Management Centre (NFDMC) and the 11 Government of India. 1 Training & Forest Inventory (TFI) respectively. 11 – To advise the States/UTs on design and There are Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors development of regional NBFIS. and other technical & ministerial staff. Each – To support and oversee techniques/ zonal office is headed by a Regional Director inventory work undertaken by States/UT supported by Deputy Director(s) and other Forest Departments. technical & ministerial staff. The Headquarters as well as the zonal offices work in close Major activities coordination to carry out the various The major activities of FSI are: mandated and additional activities of FSI. – Forest Cover Assessment every two years Besides administration and overall control, using Remote Sensing technology. the activities at the headquarters includes forest cover assessment, producing maps, designing methodology for national inventory, data processing, producing State of Forest Reports, conducting training, coordination and monitoring the activities of Zonal offices. The major activity of the zonal offices is field inventory. In a phased manner the zonal offices are also being assigned the work of forest cover mapping. The Forest Survey of India, with its four regional centres located at Shimla, Kolkata, Fig-19. Semi-deciduous forest in Sikkim Nagpur and Benghaluru has

19 Ministry of Environment & Forests continued the mandated activities of this Forests (TOF) is the second major activity of organisation viz. assessment of the forest cover FSI. Forest growing stock (wood volume) has on a two-year cycle and publishing the findings traditionally been a key indicator of forest in the India State of Forest Report; Inventory wealth and its estimation has formed a major of forest and trees outside forest; imparting activity of forest resource assessment/inventory. training to forestry personnel in the field of In India, systematic forest inventory began in application of Remote Sensing/ GIS/GPS in 1864 when the preparation of working plan forest resource assessment; conducting special started and has remained central to the forest studies and other R&D works. management at divisional/district level. Forests & Tree Cover After the creation of the FSI the field inventory remained the primary activity with a Forest Survey of India (FSI) assesses forest modified design covering the whole country. cover of the country by interpretation of satellite The total forest area inventoried until the year data on a two-year cycle and presents the 2000 was about 69.2 million ha which information in the form of ‘India State of Forest included some areas inventoried twice. Thus, Report’.With the release of the ‘India State of more than 80 percent forest area of the country Forest Report 2009’ so far 11 cycles of forest was inventoried comprehensively in a period cover assessment have been completed since of 35 years. 1987. Work for the 12th cycle is underway. Over the years, with the advancement of A new National Forest Inventory (NFI) has technologies of image processing and data been designed and adopted by FSI since quality of remote-sensing, the methodology 2002. The country has been divided into 14 of forest cover assessment has improved to physiographic zones and 60 districts randomly provide more accurate data products for better selected from these zones on probability operational management and planning. In proportional to size are inventoried in two addition to forest cover, assessment of tree years. About 8,000 sample plots are laid in cover of the country is also being carried out forest areas distributed over the country in using the Trees Outside Forest (TOF) inventory each cycle for field inventory. It has now data. been possible to generate a national estimate of growing stock on a two-year cycle. The Over the years the scale of interpretation first such estimate was published in ‘SFR has improved from 1: one million (SFR 1987) 2003’. As per design the accuracy of the to 1:50,000 bringing down the minimum estimate in subsequent cycles will improve by mappable area to one hectare from 400 ha. integrating the data of previous cycles. In The spatial resolution of the sensor has come addition to inventory of forests, Trees Outside down from the course resolution of 80 m x 80 Forests (TOF) resources are also inventoried m to a fine resolution of 23.5 m x 23.5 m. concurrently to provide a national estimate of The improvement of scale of interpretation growing stock of TOF on a two year cycle. In and sensor resolution on one hand means this case also about 8,000 sample plots are increased capability in delineating smaller and laid out in TOF areas. In the recent past TOF smaller areas of forests (and blanks inside resources have gained importance because forests) on the other hand, a multiplication of of their increasing role in meeting the needs work load for the technical personnel of FSI. of wood based industries and society. A total target of 30 districts have been fixed for Forests & TOF inventory inventory of forest and TOF to be completed Inventory of forests and Trees Outside during the year 2010-2011.

20 Annual Report 2010-2011

Training – Analysis of eligibility of lands for Forest Survey of India (FSI) has been afforestation and re-afforestation projects imparting training since 1981 to forestry under Clean Development Mechanism personnel through short term courses (one/ (CDM) two weeks) on the modern techniques applied – Assessment of Mangroves in India in forest inventory and surveys During the current – Coastal Zone Studies project financial year, 163 personnel from the various State Forest Departments have been trained Major Achievements st in the training courses run by the FSI till 31 GDP for Forestry and Logging sector December, 2010 on the following themes. Since its inception, more than 3,300 forestry The GDP estimates on ‘current prices’ for personnel from State Forest Departments have the “Forestry and Logging” sector was been trained at FSI. FSI has also trained about `29,069 crores for the year 2007-08 which 500 forestry personnel at various outreach was 0.67% of the total GDP of the country. customized training courses for the State Forest The main share (about 84.4%) was attributed Departments to fuelwood which was properly estimated by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) for – Application of Remote Sensing and GIS 11 household sector, industrial wood (about 9.8%) 11 in Effective Forest Planning and and MFP (about 5.8%) were contributing very Management less. – Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Working Plan Preparation The quick estimates of GDP released by National Accounts Division of Central – Advanced Course on Application of GIS Statistical Organization (CSO) on 29th January, in Forest Resource Management 2010 shown a sharp rise in GDP estimates of – Inventory Techniques, Image Processing the sector at ‘current prices’ as `88,000 crores and GIS Applications in Forestry for the year 2008-09 (on this basis CSO has – GPS in Forest Surveys & Demarcation revised estimates of earlier years also) which is 1.70% of the total GDP of the country. This Projects is because the contribution of ‘Trees outside In addition to the above, during the period forests’ could now be quantified by FSI. Proper of this report, the FSI is also working on various estimation of ‘timber from TOF’ and ‘fodder projects assigned by Government of India, from forests’ has increased the contribution of some of which are as follows. the sector from 0.67% to 1.7%. – National Forest Type Mapping Forest Fire Monitoring – Monitoring of Area Coverage & Survival It is an ongoing service, which started in Percentage of Plantations/ Afforestation November 2005. Under the service, forest under National Afforestation Programme fire data generated by MODIS satellite system (NAP) is overlaid on the forest cover map made by – Mapping of change in land use in Aravalli interpretation of satellite images. The hills of Haryana coordinates of the forest fire points are listed and uploaded on the FSI website – Assessment of Coral Reefs in India (www.fsi.nic.in). In March 2010 an sms/email – Near real time monitoring of active Forest alert service was launched under which if any Fires using MODIS Web Fire Mapper internet user gets registered on the FSI website

21 Ministry of Environment & Forests with mobile number and email address then using forest inventory and biomass study the user gets an sms/email alert every day mentioned above. Using the carbon content summarizing the forest fire points detected in percentage, the biomass is converted to carbon his area of interest in the last 24 hours. The and the total carbon stock in India’s forest service has been received well and preliminary has been estimated. The preliminary estimate feedback suggests over 95% accuracy level. indicates that total carbon stock in India’s forest is 7,328 million tonnes. Biomass Study Global Forest Resource Assessment 2010 This study was conducted as a part of National Communication-II (NATCOM-II). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) national forest inventory data gives only carries out assessment of global forests in growing stock of all trees above 10 cm dbh every five years based on country reporting and branches upto five cm dbh. Thus, the system. For India, Forest Survey of India is biomass and consequently the carbon stored the nodal agency for compilation and sending therein is available only for such trees. This the country’ data to FAO in the prescribed leaves aside the biomass of foliage of trees formats. FSI has already been sent the country above 10 cm dbh, biomass of all trees below report to FAO for FRA 2010. 10 cm dbh, biomass of shrubs, herbs and CEC Assignments climbers, dead wood and litter. To estimate this missing component of biomass, FSI has The Central Empowered Committee (CEC) launched a special study in 14 districts, one of Hon’ble Supreme Court on India assigned each from all 14 physiographic zones. The the task of mapping the mining areas of desired data has already been collected and Aravali hills of Haryana to the Forest Survey processed. The results of this study were combined with National Forest Inventory estimates to develop estimate of total biomass in the India’s forests. The preliminary estimate of total biomass in India’s forest is 6,709 million tonnes. Out of this, 4,785 million tonnes comes from plant lives above ground, 1,509 from below ground and 461 million tonnes from dead trees. Carbon Estimation This work is being conducted under NATCOM-II in collaboration with NFDMC Unit of FSI. Using forest cover layer and forest type layer, thirty strata have been identified. In these strata, the forest inventory points were marked by overlaying. For each strata, biomass factor for different components have been estimated Fig-20. A view of Temperate Forests in Arunachal Pradesh

22 Annual Report 2010-2011 of India. The work assigned from time to non-State Indian Forest Certification Council time, till date has been completed. with due policy and resource support of the Financial details for 11th Plan Period Govt. ab-initio. The goal should be focused on adopting an appropriate Certification Under the scheme Survey and Utilization Scheme in order to delay no more to get into of the Forest Resources, the approved outlay the arena of forest certification and to for 11th Plan period is `28.60 Crore. holistically leverage the forest and related ‘Forest Certification’ of Timber, Non-Timber resources, products and services through a Forest Products’ full-fledged sustainable forest management certification system in place. Forest Certification has emerged as a Further, it is also stated in the report that voluntary market-driven mechanism in support Forest Certification governing body is to be of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM). established with a clear mandate to develop Certification initiatives rely on consumers and govern the Indian scheme. Resources exercising purchasing choice in favour of should be guaranteed for the start-up period products labelled as originating from forests in the form of corpus fund or seed money & certified to have been sustainably managed. after few years should be self-financing. The Certification and Eco-labeling are the new institutional mechanism should be such that 11 mantras to enhance the product positioning there is ready access to existing knowledge in for a premium price on one hand and ensuring the country on the development of standards better forest management practices on the and scheme governance, sovereignty for the other hand. forest certification board and its stakeholders, The Ministry constituted a National equitable choice of the members of the Working Group / Governing Body to frame governing board from the government and the policy guidelines for forest certification for non-governmental organization, civil society timber and Non-timber forest products. For including academic and research institutions, this purpose, three Committees were constituted eminent persons with expertise and knowledge to prepare a road map and the necessary of forest certification, apart from representatives criteria and processes for the development of from industry, traders, local communities and National Certification mechanism in the forest dwellers. India has taken steps to country. These committees were merged into develop its own national certification scheme single committee namely the ‘National Forest which will be fully governed in India and Certification Committee’ for the development “owned” by Indian stakeholders. Not only of Certification Criteria, Certification Process this guarantees India and Indians that they and Accreditation Criteria & Process towards will be making decisions about their forests Forest Certification of timber, Non-timber Forest and related resources, but also that they will Products under the Chairmanship of Prof. be mutually recognized partners to other Maharaj Muthoo, Ex-Executive Director, FSC certification schemes rather than a “subsidiary” with the approval of Hon’ble MOS (F&WL). or a “branch” of an international organization. The report has been submitted to the Ministry Six meeting of the above committee was for its consideration. held during the period from 2008 to 2010 has already held. In the last meeting, it was The report has submitted the following decision decided that Chairman will submit a report for consideration of MoEF: on forest certification. The Chairman has – Setting up of an Indian Forest Certification submitted his report. As per the report, it is Council, as a non state multi-stakeholder recommended to establish a multi-stakeholder independent entity.

23 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– The Government of India may consider NFIS in the framework of the approved 11th to provide corpus core funding which could Plan with the financial help of Ministry of be around `10crores. Environment & Forests. In this workshop all the state representative had participated. – Meanwhile In the current year, the Ministry has also – A suitable organization may be reviewed the progress of the project proposal assigned to host the Secretariat of the ‘Survey of Status, Current Utilization and proposed IFCC at the earliest and Potential for Sustainable Utilization of initiate work for setting up of the Biodiversity resources in Andaman & Nicobar National Forest Certification Scheme. Islands’ sanctioned to Andaman & Nicobar – The NFCC Core Group, duly re- Islands Forest & Plantation Development nominated, based on its expertise may Corporation Ltd. (ANIFPDCL), Port Blair. continue to facilitate the process of Further, the balance amount of `20.64 lakhs setting up IFCC and NFCS related was also sanctioned to Andaman & Nicobar work. Islands Forest & Plantation Development Corporation Ltd. (ANIFPDCL), Port Blair for The above report was circulated to all carry out the balance work of above project the State Forest Departments to furnish their proposal. comments on the report. Further, the Ministry has also constituted a Core Committee under National Coordinated Programme for the chairmanship of Director General of Forests Assessment of Non-Timber Forest Products & Special Secretary in the Ministry to undertake Resources one-on-one consultation with stakeholder and A Committee was constituted under the firm up the concept of the envisaged Indian Chairmanship of Inspector General of Forests Forest Certification Council. (NAEB), Ministry of Environment & Forests for evolving a mechanism for Minimum Support Development of National Forestry Price to the collectors of NTFP’s. After due Database Management System (NFDMS) deliberations & consultations with stakeholders The Ministry constituted an Expert/ involved in NTFP’s sector, the committee has Advisory/Working Group with an aim to submitted a report identifying the issues and support the implementation of an integrated future course of action. In the report, it has National Forestry Database Management been proposed that for overall coordination System (NFDMS) in a comprehensive manner of issues relating to NTFP, a national body including strengthening of the technological, should be constituted which, apart from policy institutional and human capabilities to ensure and programmatic initiatives may provide continuing and effective dissemination and use financial resources for the management and of forest statistics. In the current year, a development of the NTFP sector. An apex level National Preparatory Workshop for Forestry body set up at the national level would help Information System was conducted by Centre and guide the NTFP sector through the critical for Forest and Natural Resource Management phase that it is passing through. The Ministry Studies, Government of Andhra Pradesh at had circulated the report to concerned Dulapally, Hyderabad on 8th & 9th April, 2010 stakeholders and a meeting was convened on to exchange and document the information 24th July, 2009. In this meeting, the and knowledge gained by Government of representative from Agricultural and Processed India and State Forest Department and Food Products Export Development Authority prepared a detailed proposal for implementing (APEDA), Chhattisgarh Minor Forest Produces

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(MFP) Federation, Chhattisgarh Rajya Van Vikas Export & Import of forestry products and Nigam, Winrock, FRI were present. In this Tariff structure forestry items meeting, it was decided that the discussion in The Division deals with the formulation the matter would be carried forward by of guidelines and directions for domestic and involving all concerned stakeholde international trade in forest produce and the The Ministry during the current year has necessary regulation of export and import of sanctioned a project proposal on “National forest produce as per the Foreign Trade Policy Study on Commercial Production of Non as well as the applied Tariff rates. Towards Timber Forest Products for Ensuring Fair Returns this purpose, the Ministry has constituted a to Primary Collectors” to Forest Research Core Group to study the applied rates and Institute, Dehradun. A total amount of `11.66 import duties which are very significant in lakhs was sanctioned for the above project deciding the tariff rates for multilateral and during the current financial year. This project bilateral trade negotiations. The Core Group will help to prepare a database for has recommended that certain items under nationalized and non nationalized ITC (HS) classification to be removed from the (commercial) NTFP at the national level within Negative List for the purpose of import and a time frame of two years. retained a few items under the sensitive (Negative List) necessary to safeguard the 11 th 11 The Ministry organized a meeting on 16 interest of farmers of agro-forestry and farm- June, 2010 under the chairmanship of Dr. P. forestry in particular and the overall health of B. Gangopadhyay, ADG (FC) to discuss various the Forestry Sector in general. Moreover, the issues related to NTFPs. The Ministry held decisions regarding the tariff structure are being another meeting on 9th August, 2010 under taken in view of the country specific bilateral/ the chairmanship of Dr. P. B. Gangopadhyay, multilateral trade negotiations keeping the ADG (FC) to discuss various issues related to environmental and ecological sensitivity of the NTFPs. In this meeting regarding minimum items under the ITC (HS) Codes on top priority. support price it was decided that this will have to be state specific, MFP specific and The Division also deals with the issue of even season specific. The basic objective No-Objection Certificate (NOC) for grant of should be to protect the collector from the export license for export of wood and wood exploitation of various level intermediates and products for the application received through the fair price should be ensured to them. Directorate General of Foreign Trade, New Hence, unlike agricultural produce, no national Delhi. This includes Sandalwood, Red Sanders level fixation of Minimum Support Price (MSP) etc. is advisable for Minor Forest Produces (MFP). International Tropical Timber It has to be decided by the state organizations Organization (ITTO) or Government. A national level body of NTFP – The International Tropical Timber is needed to give state specific, commodity Organization (ITTO) was established specific support in case of loss in MSP during 1983 and is governed by the operation in MFP. The Ministry with the International Tropical Timber Agreement approval of Hon’ble Minister of Environment (ITTA). The ITTO is a commodity & Forests has issued advisory to AS/PS organisation bringing together the Department of Forests, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, producer and consumer member countries Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, to discuss and exchange information and Orissa and Uttar Pradesh regarding develop policies of all aspects of the World management of NTFPs. Tropical Timber Economy. The

25 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Headquarter of ITTO is at Yokohama, The council is supported by four Japan. There are 59 member countries, Committees namely:- out of which 33 are Producer member – Committee on Economic Information and countries and 26 Consumer member Market Intelligence countries. India belongs to the group of the producing member countries. The – Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management ITTO’s membership represents 90% of world trade in tropical timber and 80% – Committee on Forest Industry of the world’s tropical forests. – Committee on Finance and Administration – The ITTO members in 1990 agreed to – The 46th session of the International strive for International Trade of Tropical Tropical Timber Council (ITTC), the Timber from sustainably managed forests governing body of ITTO was held at by the century’s end. This commitment Yokohama, Japan during 13th-18th became known as the ‘Objective 2000’ December, 2010 and was attended by and a large part of the ITTO programme Sh. R. K. Goel, Inspector General of of projects and activities are devoted to Forests and Sh. A. M. Singh, Deputy its achievement. It remains a central goal Inspector General of Forests as Indian of the Organisation, supported by renewed delegates. Sh. A.M. Singh DIG (SU) has efforts to raise the capacity of government, been nominated as member of the Expert industry and communities to manage their Panel of ITTC for a period of two years forests and add value to their forest after a consensus of Asian Producer products, and to maintain and increase Countries. the transparency of the trade and access to international markets. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Cell – The International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1994 – Sustainable Forest Management of Forests is being replaced by a successor agreement, i.e. the ITTA 2006. India as a signatory to ITTA 1994 has ratified and deposited the instrument of ratification with the UN Secretary General in New York on 25th July, 2008. International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC) – The governing body of the ITTO is the International Tropical Timber Council, which is composed of all the organization’s members. Fig-21. Mixed vegetation at Kolasib, Mizoram

26 Annual Report 2010-2011

is of immense significance due to its K. Mukerjee, Ex-DG (Forests) to prepare contribution towards sustainable a document namely “Revised Working Plan development. Sustainable Management Code” for incorporating the final draft of Forest is not a new concept in India. Criteria & Indicator for Sustainable Forest India remains committed to the goals of Management into the Working Plan Code. Sustainable Forest Management and is a – Two teams have been constituted under signatory to the “Objective 2000” of the the chairmanship of Sh. A. K. Mukerjee, ITTO. Ex-DG (Forests) and Dr. Ram Prasad, Ex- Committed to the goal of achieving PCCF, Madhya Pradesh respectively for Sustainable Forest Management, a National the Pilot Testing of the final draft Criteria Task Force was constituted in November, 1999 & Indicator (C&I) in the field for Northern, by Government of India as Bhopal-India Central, Eastern, Western and Southern process. This recognized eight Criteria & 43 Regions. Indicators. The National set of C&I was refined – A team has been constituted under the in the year 2005 based on field experiences. chairmanship of Dr. Ram Prasad, Ex-PCCF, Thereafter 8 Criteria & 37 Indicators have Madhya Pradesh for the purpose of been adopted during the year 2008 for 11 preparation of Criteria & Indicator (C&I) 11 monitoring the directions of change at National for Sustainable Management of Plantation level. These are suitable to all forest types in India. and situation within the country and specifically designed for implementation and monitoring – A team has been constituted under the at local Forest Management Unit (FMUs). chairmanship of Dr. Ram Prasad, Ex-PCCF, Madhya Pradesh for the purpose of In pursuance towards achieving sustainable Development of Criteria & Indicator (C&I) forest management in the country, the following for Sustainable Management of Non- actions have been undertaken by the timber Forest Products (NTFPs) Government:- The Ministry has sanctioned the following – An SFM Cell has been constituted in the projects to Indian Institute of Forest Ministry of Environment & Forests, Management, Bhopal:- Government of India. This would act as Nodal Body for policy matter at the – Preparation of Criteria & Indicators for Central level. Sustainable Forest Management of Plantation in India – An SFM Cell has also been created in all the State Forest Departments on the similar – Pilot Testing of the National Set of Criteria lines of Central level ‘SFM Cell’ headed & Indicators for Sustainable Forest by Working Plan in the respective States Management (SFM) in India. / UTs. – Development of Criteria & Indicators for As per the decision taken in the second Sustainable Management of Non-Timber meeting of SFM Cell in the Ministry, in which Forest Produce (NTFP) all the members of the SFM Cell and the The final meeting to discuss the draft representatives from various State Forest report of C&I for SFM has been conducted on Departments participated. The following four 26th & 27th November, 2010 at IIFM, Bhopal teams had been constituted:- in which PCCFs of various states and senior – Team under the chairmanship of Sh. A. officials of the MoEF has participated. The

27 Ministry of Environment & Forests report is in its final stage which will be make it financially viable has become a submitted to Ministry by 31st March, 2011. necessity. A proposal has been submitted by In addition to the above, another project the Managing Director, ANIFPDCL regarding was sanctioned to Forest Research Institute, restructuring of the Corporation by offering Dehradun regarding revision of National VRS to its employees and closure of loss Working Plan Code. Projects on estimation of making units. After due examination, a Biomass, Role of wood carving, bamboo etc. committee under the Chairmanship of the have also been sanctioned to FRI, Dehradun. PCCF and Secretary (Forests), Andaman & Nicobar Islands was constituted to look into During the current year the progress report matter and submit a self contained proposal of the above project was received from the regarding the revival of the Corporation. The concerned organization and same was Committee has submitted its detailed report reviewed in the Ministry. to the Chief Secretary, Andaman & Nicobar Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and Administration. Plantation Development Corporation Ltd. To solve the long pending issues about Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and the future of ANIFPDCL, Port Blair, a meeting Plantation Development Corporation Limited was called on 28th April, 2010 in the Ministry (ANIFPDCL) is a Government of India Public under the chairmanship of DGF&SS and issues Sector Undertaking, created in 1977 with the regarding revival / restructuring of ANIFPDCL broad objectives of development and were discussed with PCCF and Secretary managing forestry plantations on the Islands. (Forests), A&N Administration and the This Corporation has three main activities Managing Director, ANIFPDCL along with the namely (i) Forestry Project, (ii) Red Oil Palm Senior Officers of the Ministry. In meeting, it (ROP) and (iii) Katchal Rubber Project (KRP) in was decided to put up a Cabinet Note operation. containing the proposal of pay revision of the It is loss making undertaking mainly due employees of the Corporation as also the to the fact that its main activity i.e. logging, closure plan for the Corporation. Accordingly, has been curtailed by the Hon’ble Supreme a draft Cabinet Note has been prepared and Court’s Order banning the felling of trees. circulated after approval of Hon’ble MEF Due to this, even the obligatory expenses of among the concerned Ministries for furnishing the Corporation like the payment of salaries, their comments. Draft Cabinet Note was also wages etc. are possible only due to the submitted to Integrated Finance Division (IFD) sanction of interest bearing loans every year of the Ministry who has desired to prepare from the Govt. of India. During the year EFC Memo for the Cabinet Note. EFC memo 2010-11, an amount of `11.00crore has been has been prepared & submitted for necessary sanctioned and released to ANIFPDCL as an approval. As soon as the EFC Memo got interest bearing loan for making payment of approved, Draft Cabinet Note will be salaries, wages, etc. Therefore, the submitted to the Cabinet Secretariat for their restructuring of the Corporation in order to approval.

28 CHAPTER-2 CONSERVATION Ministry of Environment & Forests

Environmental Conservation mangroves into the forestry sector regulatory Scheme on Conservation and regime and adopt a comprehensive approach Management of Mangroves & Coral to Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Reefs The Government seeks to sustain Introduction and Objectives mangroves in the country by both regulatory The Ministry of Environment & Forests is and promotional measures. The Coastal at the forefront in regard to conservation and Regulation Zone Notification (1991), as management of mangroves & coral reefs. It amended subsequently, recognizes the accords high priority to the conservation and mangrove areas as ecologically sensitive and management of mangroves and coral reefs in categorizes them as CRZ I(i), which implies the country. that these areas are accorded protection of the highest order. The CRZ Notification, 2011 Mangroves are plants that survive high replaces and codifies the 25 amendments that salinity, tidal regimes, strong wind velocity, were made to CRZ Notification, 1991, between high temperature and muddy anaerobic soil 1991-2009. Under the promotional measures, – a combination of conditions hostile for other as said before, the Government has identified plants. The mangrove ecosystems constitute a 38 mangrove areas on a country wide basis symbiotic link or bridge between terrestrial for intensive conservation and management. and marine ecosystems. They are found in the During the financial year 2009-10, a sum of inter-tidal zones of sheltered shores, estuaries, `7.10 crores were released to various Coastal creeks, backwaters, lagoons, marshes and States/UTs under the Centrally Sponsored mud-flats. Mangrove vegetation has been Scheme for conservation and management of reported in all the 12 coastal States/UTs. India mangroves. is home to some of the best mangroves in the world. West Bengal has maximum mangrove Mangroves cover in the country followed byGujarat and As per the biennial assessment done by Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However, not Forest Survey of India since 1987 using remote all coastal areas are suitable for mangrove sensing, the mangrove forests in the country plantation as mangrove requires an have not undergone any large-scale destruction appropriate mix and saline & freshwater, and Table-2. On the contrary, many States/UTs soft substrate like mudflats to be able to grow have actually registered an increase. As would and perpetuate. The Government has identified be noted, the latest assessment of Forest Survey 38 mangrove areas on a country wide basis of India (2007) shows that mangrove cover in for intensive conservation and management. the country is 4,639 sq km which is 0.14% of Table-1. the country’s total geographical area. The National Environment Policy and the Compared with 2005 assessment, there Scheme has been an increase of 58 sq km in mangrove The National Policy, 2006 recognizes that cover mainly because of the plantations and Mangroves and coral reefs are an important protection measures in the States of Gujarat, coastal environmental resource. They provide Orissa, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal mainly habitats for marine species; protection from due to activities under the MoEF’s Centrally extreme weather events and a resource base Sponsored Scheme on Conservation & for sustainable tourism. The National Management of Mangroves. Decrease in Environment Policy underlines the need to mangrove cover in Andaman & Nicobar mainstream the sustainable management of Islands is attributed to after effects of tsunami.

30 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-1. Mangroves Sites in India State/Union Territories Mangrove areas West Benal 1. Sunderbans Orissa 2. Bhaitarkanika 3. Mahanadi 4. Subernarekha 5. Devi-Kauda 6. Dhamra 7. Mangrove Genetic Resources Centre 8. Chilka Andhra Pradesh 9. Coringa 10. East Godavari 11. Krishna Tamil Nadu 12. Pichavaram 13. Muthupet 22 14. Ramnad 15. Pulicat 16. Kazhuveli Andaman & Nicobar 17. North Andamans 18. Nicobar Kerala 19. Vembanad 20. Kannur (Northern Kerala) Karnataka 21. Coondapur 22. Dakshin Kannada/Honnavar 23. Karwar 24. Manglore Forest Division Goa 25. Goa Maharashtra 26. Achra-Ratnagiri 27. Devgarh-Vijay Durg 28. Veldur 29. Kundalika-Revdanda 30. Mumbra-Diva 31. Vikroli 32. Shreevardhan 33. Vaitarna 34. Vasai-Manori 35. Malvan Gujarat 36. Gulf of Kutchh 37. Gulf of Khambhat 38. Dumas-Ubhrat

31 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Table–2. State/UT-wise Mangroves cover in India (Area in km2) S. State/UT Assessment Year No. 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

1 Andhra 495 405 399 378 383 383 397 333 329 354 353 Pradesh

2 Goa 0 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 16 16 17

3 Gujarat 427 412 397 419 689 901 1031 911 916 991 ,046

4 Karnataka 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 2 3 3 3

5 Kerala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 5

6 Maharashtra 140 114 113 155 155 124 108 118 158 186 186

7 Orissa 199 192 195 195 195 211 215 219 203 217 221

8 Tamil Nadu 23 47 47 21 21 21 21 23 35 36 39

9 West Bengal 2,076 2,109 2,119 2,119 2,119 2,123 2,125 2,081 2,120 2,136 2,152

10 A&N Islands 686 973 971 966 966 966 966 789 658 635 615

11 Daman & Diu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

12Puducherry0 000000011 1

Total 4,046 4,255 4,244 4,256 4,533 4,737 4,871 4,482 4,448 4,581 4,639

In nutshell, there was an increase of 55 the impact of tidal waves but the extent of km2 in mangrove cover of Gujarat, 16 km2 in protection is variable and is a function of West Bengal, four km2 in Orissa and three several factors. 2 km in Tamil Nadu. However, there was a loss In case of Mangroves, the objectives of 2 of 20 km in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Scheme are to help the coastal State due to the effect of tsunami in December Governments/Union Territories in rehabilitation 2004. Table-3. of degraded Mangrove Areas and enhance In general, the mangroves in India are Mangrove cover by replantation in the open well protected, due to the efforts of Government mud flats etc. Financial Assistance is given to of India. In fact, India is one of the very few coastal State Governments/Union Territories developing countries where mangrove cover for implementation of Management Action continues to increase. This clearly reiterates Plan on Mangroves under the Scheme. 100% our belief that rapid economAic growth need assistance is given on grant basis to Coastal not come at the cost of protection and growth States / Union Territories for activities like survey of our core ecological assets. The Forest and demarcation, afforestation, restoration, Department of Gujarat (Range Forest Office, alternative / supplementary livelihoods, Khambat) has bagged the Indira Priyadarshini protection measures and education & Vrikshamitra Award for 2008 in the institutional awareness. category for mangrove plantations. On an average, an annual target of Mangroves play an important role in 3,000 hactares on a country wide basis. The coastal ecology and protecting the coastal areas supported are among the 38 areas as ecology and protecting the coastal areas from already identified by MoEF for intensive

32 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-3. Mangroves cover in India as per State of Forest Report 2009 (Area in km2) Sl. States/UT Mangrove Cover Change w.r.t. No. (2007) 2005 assessment

1. Andhra Pradesh 353 -1 2. Goa 17 +1 3. Gujarat 1046 +55 4. Karnataka 3 0 5. Kerala 5 0 6. Maharashtra 186 0 7. Orissa 221 4 8. Tamil Nadu 39 3 22 9. West Bengal 2152 16 10. Andaman & Nicobar 615 -20 11. Daman & Diu 1 0 12. Pondicherry 1 0 Total 4639 58 conservation. During 2009-10, financial the entire India country programme under assistance to the tune of `7.10/- crores has IUCN-MFF (India) Programme as well as been distributed among West Bengal, Orissa, review, monitor and evaluate its Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, implementation, a National Coordination Body Karnataka, Goa and Gujarat for Conservation (NCB) has been constituted by the Ministry. & Management of Mangroves in these coastal Till date, India has a total of nine small grant States. projects (six completed and three ongoing The project entitled “Mangroves for Future projects). The details are provided in (MFF): a strategy for promoting investment in (Table-4). Coastal Ecosystem Conservation” is being In addition to the above, India also has coordinated by the International Union for a large grant project in the Sundarbans Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Natural Mangroves with the West Bengal Forest Resources covering, initially, eight Department for 300,000 USD. The project is countries(including India) in South & South East under formalization and the focus of the Asia & Western Indian Ocean. The project project is the reduction in anthropogenic involves collaboration between multiple pressures on the mangrove forest resources partners, including government agencies, through the provision of alternative livelihoods NGOs, Research Institutes, UN agencies and and income generating options and seeks to other multilateral bodies. India has agreed to pilot disaster preparedness initiative and reduce participate in the project. To oversee and guide the risk of damage to lives and livelihoods

33 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig-22. Mangroves, home of variety of species, need conservation from flooding and other related natural Islands. The emphasis is on preventive aspects disasters that the area is prone to. Institutional through monitoring and surveillance as the building/strengthening is also a key component restoration work is both costly and time of the project. consuming. The Ministry provides financial assistance to the State Forest Departments of India also participated and presented the all the four identified coral reefs areas in the MFF India activities and achievements for country for activities like monitoring, 2010 in the recently concluded Regional surveillance, education & awareness. Besides, Steering Committee 7 held in Colombo the Ministry also supports R&D activities with between the 1st and 4th of November 2010. emphasis on targeted research on coral Dr. V. Selvam, MSSRF and Mr. Satish Trivedi biodiversity, its management including various of TCSRD participated in this meeting. aspects of pollution in these areas. The children’s book on mangroves titled The Indian reef area is estimated to be ‘’Mangroves - Soldiers of our Coast’’ and a 2,375 sq km. For encouraging targeted document on MFF India activities titled research on both hard and soft corals in the ‘’Resilient Coastal Ecosystems’’ have been duly country, the Ministry has established a National prepared under the MFF (India) programme. Coral Reef Research Centre at Port Blair. The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is a Coral Reefs partnership among governments, international The four major coral reefs areas identified organization, and non-governmental for intensive conservation & management are: organizations throughout the world. India i) Gulf of Mannar, ii) Gulf of Kachchh, iii) participated in the ICRI General Meeting in Lakshadweep and iv) Andaman and Nicobar Monaco during 12th to 15th January, 2010.

34 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-4. Nine Small Grant Project Under (UCN-MCF(India)

Name of the Project Institution Grant Amount Current Status (USD)

Sustainable Coastal Livelihood: M.S. Swaminathan 25000 Completed Integrated Mangrove-Fishery Research Foundation, Farming System Chennai, Tamil Nadu Status of Shelter Belts in Environment Protection 24500 Completed Southern India Coastal line Training & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh Mangrove Conservation and Tata Chemicals 8000 Completed Regeneration at Mithapur Society for Rural Development, Mithapur, Gujarat Critical Evaluation of Alternate Sundarbans Biosphere 15000 Completed Livelihood Programmes Reserve, West Bengal 22 Implemented for Reducing Dependence on Sundarbans Mangroves and Its Eco-system Study of floristic diversity and Gujarat Ecological 15000 Completed natural requirement of Education and mangrove species in selected Research Foundation, mangrove habitats of south Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat Gujarat National brainstorming Suganthi Devadason 12000 Completed workshop on current status, Marine Research threats and conservation Institute, Tamil Nadu measures of coral reefs in India Mangrove restoration and M.S.Swaminathan 16000 Ongoing afforestation: Participatory Research Foundation, assessment of current Chennai, Tamil Nadu practices Demarcation of area for National Institute of 12000 Ongoing edibility and non edibility of Oceanography, Goa edible bivalves in region influenced by Mangrove habitats along central west coast of India (CWCI) by determination of trace metal concentration in it and action thereof Sustainable freshwater Department of Marine 12000 Ongoing Aquaculture in mangrove Science, University of dominated Indian Sundarbans Calcutta, Kolkata

35 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Monitoring mechanism for the Scheme – State level Steering Committee have been on Conservation & Management of constituted under the Chairmanship of Mangroves & Coral Reefs Chief secretaries/Additional Chief Two tier system at National and State secretaries/Principal Secretaries of level are in operation for effective Department concerned having members coordination to implement the Scheme on from subject matter departments/ Mangroves & Coral Reefs: academicians/ stakeholders/ representative from Central Government National level to discuss Management Action Plans and – National Committee on Mangroves & review conservation activities undertaken Coral Reefs monitors the implementation from time to time. of the approved Management Action – A National Training Programme for Plans of the Coastal States & UTs. Conservation of Mangroves for Managers – To supplement base line information on and Researchers held from 1st to 5th April, priority areas of research, research projects 2010 sponsored by MOEF at GEER are sanctioned to Universities and research Foundation, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Over institutes. A meeting of the Expert Group- 30 foresters and researchers were trained. B on ‘Conservation & Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources: – Further, a Regional Training Course on Mangroves & Coral Reefs’ was held on Project Cycle Management for 37 29th – 30th March 2010. The Group participants from 10 countries under MFF considered 28 projects & recommended Programme in November, 2010 was held four research projects in the area of at Chennai. mangroves & coral reefs and these are Biosphere Reserves being sanctioned by the Ministry. Introduction and Objectives State Level Biosphere Reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems which are internationally recognized within the framework of Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme of UNESCO. These Reserves are required to meet a minimal set of criteria and adhere to a minimal set of conditions before being admitted to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves designated by the UNESCO. The world’s major ecosystem types and landscapes are represented

Fig-23. Damsels, marine ornamental fish, stay close to coral formation in this network, which is devoted

36 Annual Report 2010-2011 to conserving biological diversity, promoting Bengal), Nanda Devi, (Uttarakhand), research and monitoring as well as seeking to Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh), Similipal provide models of sustainable development (Orissa) and Nokrek (Meghalaya) have been in the service of human kind with special included in the World Network of Biosphere reference to the local communities which mostly Reserves of UNESCO. The nominations in consist of traditional societies. respect of Khangchendzonga (Sikkim), Great Nicobar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) and These Reserves are rich in biological and Achanakmar & Amarkantak (Chhattisgarh & cultural diversity and encompass unique features of exceptionally pristine nature. The Madhya Pradesh) are under active goal is to facilitate conservation of these consideration of the UNESCO for inclusion in representative landscapes and their immense the world Network. Efforts are on for getting biological diversity and cultural heritage, foster remaining Biosphere Reserves included in the economic and human development which is World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Research culturally and ecologically sustainable and to and development projects are also supported provide support for research, monitoring, in these designated Reserves. education and information exchange. The Progress/Achievements made during the 22 scheme is a pioneering effort at pursuing the year increasingly difficult yet urgent task of conserving ecological diversity under mounting Management Action Plans (MAPs) pressures. The aim is to designate one submitted by the concerned States/UT were representative site as Biosphere Reserve in each scrutinized and sanctioned for implementation of the Bio-geographic regions for long term of approved items of activities. A Workshop conservation. was organized in collaboration with DST and UNESCO at Munnar, Kerala for Biosphere Activities undertaken Reserve Managers and Lead Institutions. The The programme was initiated in 1986 Workshop provided great opportunity for the and till date, 17 sites have been designated managers and representatives of Lead as Biosphere Reserves (BRs) in different parts Research Institutions to exchange views and of the country. Some potential sites have also experiences and interact with experts in the been identified. The Ministry provides financial field. assistance to the concerned State/UT Nomination of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Governments for conservation and biosphere reserve received from the management of the designated Biosphere Governments of Chattisgarh and Madhya Reserves. The Indian National Man and Pradesh for inclusion in the world network of Biosphere (MAB) Committee constituted by the UNESCO was endorsed and forwarded to the MoEF is the apex body to oversee the MAB Programme of UNESCO. Periodic Review programme, provide policy guidelines and 2010 Report of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve which review the programme. has completed ten years after its inclusion in Out of the 17 Biosphere Reserves the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of designated nationally, so far seven viz., Nilgiri UNESCO has been forwarded to the MAB (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka); Gulf of Programme of the UNESCO, Paris. Based on Mannar (Tamil Nadu), Sunderbans (West the proposal submitted by the Government of

37 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Andhra Pradesh, hill ranges spread in parts Universities, Research Institutions, State of Chittoor and Kadapa districts of Andhra Forest Research Institutions, Autonomous bodies Pradesh covering an area of 4755.997 Km2 are conducting research activities on the have been designated as Seshachalam sanctioned research projects in the BR areas Biosphere Reserve in Andhra Pradesh. and the periodic progress and review reports are evaluated by experts and evaluation of List of Biosphere Reserves with date of the completed research projects is carried out designation, area and location in the State(s)/ by the designated committee. UT is given in Table-5. Biodiversity Conservation Comparison of progress via-a-vis that Introduction and Objectives achieved in previous years (in case of ongoing schemes is given below) Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms and ecological complexes of which S. Activity 2009- 2010- they are part, including diversity within and No. 10 11 between species and ecosystems. Biodiversity has direct consumptive value in food, 1 Number of Management 18 15 agriculture, medicine and in industry. action plan sanctioned for implementation in the BRs A scheme on biodiversity conservation was 2. Completed research projects 3 9 initiated earlier to ensure coordination among 3 Ongoing research projects 12 14 various agencies dealing with the issues related to conservation of biodiversity and to review, 4 New BRs designated 1 1 monitor and evolve adequate policy instruments 5 Nomination sent to 1 1 for the same. UNESCO for inclusion in Activities undertake so far the World Network of BRs Convention on Biological Diversity Budget Allocation for the Scheme – The Convention on Biological Diversity An amount of `11 crore was allocated (CBD), one of the key agreements adopted during the year and the expenditure incurred during the Earth Summit held in Rio de till date is `10.00 crore. Janeiro in 1992, is the first comprehensive global agreement which addresses all Implementing organizations along with aspects relating to biodiversity. The CBD, details of responsibilities which has near universal membership with Implementing organizations are the 192 countries as its Parties, sets out concerned State(s)/UT Government Forest commitments for maintaining the world’s Departments and other line Departments for ecological underpinnings, while pursuing management of BR. The approved items of economic development. The Convention, the activities by the Central Government from while reaffirming sovereign rights of the recommended items by the State/UT Level nations over their biological resources, Steering Committee chaired by Chief Secretary/ establishes three main goals: the concerned Principal Secretary are being conservation of biological diversity, the monitored by their monitoring Committee, the sustainable use of its components, and designated BR manager and the Eco the fair and equitable sharing of the development Committee/ JFM represented by benefits arising out of the use of genetic the local communities. resources. India is a Party to the CBD.

38 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-5. List of Biosphere Reserves

S. Name of the BR & Date of Location in the No. total geographical Notification State /UT area (km2) 1. Nilgiri (5520) 1.8.1986 Part of Wynad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Madumalai, Nilambur, Silent Valley and Siruvani hills (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka)

2. Nanda Devi(6497.03) 18.1.1988 Part of Chamoli, Pithoragarh & Almora Districts and Valley of Flowers (Uttarakhand)

3. Nokrek (820) 1.9.1988 Part of Garo Hills (Meghalaya)

4. Manas(2837) 14.3.1989 Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamprup and Darang Districts (Assam)

5. Sunderbans(9630) 29.3.1989 Part of delta of Ganges & Brahamaputra river system (West Bengal)

6. Gulf of Mannar(10500) 18.2.1989 Indian part of Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka (Tamil Nadu) 22 7. Great Nicobar(885) 6.1.1989 Southern most islands of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N Islands)

8. Similipal (4374) 21.6.1994 Part of Mayurbhanj district (Orissa)

9. Dibru-Saikhowa(765) 28.7.97 Part of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts (Assam)

10 Dehang Debang(5111.5) 02.09.1998 Part of Siang and Debang valley (Arunachal Pradesh)

11 Kanchanjunga ( 2619.92 ) 07.02.2000 Parts of North and West Sikkim (Sikkim)

12. Pachmarhi (4926.28) 03.03.1999 Parts of Betul, Hoshangabad and Chhindwara, district (Madhya Pradesh)

13. Agasthyamalai (3500.36) 12.11.2001 Parts of Thirunelveli and Kanya (area expanded Kumari Districts in Tamil Nadu on 30.3.2005and Thiruvanthapuram, Kollam and Pathanmthitta in Kerala (TamilNadu & Kerala) 14. Achanakmar-Amarkantak 30.3.2005 Parts of Anuppur and Dindori districts of (3835.51) Madhya Pradesh and Parts of Bilaspur district of Chattisgarh State (Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh) 15. Kachchh (12,454) 29.01.2008 Parts of Kachchh, Rajkot, Surendranagar and Patan Civil Districts of Gujarat State

16. Cold Desert (7770) 28.08.2009 Pin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber Wildlife Sancturary in Himachal Prachal.

17. Seshachalam (4755.997) 20.09.2010 Parts of Chittoor and Kadapa districts of Andhra Pradesh

* Sites with bold letters have been included in the World Network of BRs of UNESCO.

39 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Summit in February, 2010. a special article on ‘Biodiversity’: We cannot afford its loss’ was brought in the March, 2010 issue of ‘Namaskaar’, the inflight magazine of the national carrier, Air India. A commemorative stamp and cover on Biodiversity was brought out by the Department of Posts, and was released on 5th June, 2010 to mark the World Environment Day, the theme for which this year was ‘Biodiversity: Connecting with Nature’. Plantation drives were taken up along the route of Queen’s Baton Fig- 24. Common Mormon (male) (Papilio polytes), an indicator of biodiversity Relay covering 20,000 km. in all 28 States and seven Union – The United Nations General Assembly Territories for the Commonwealth Games (UNGA) had proclaimed 2010 as the held in Delhi in October, 2010. The International Year of Biodiversity (IYB), to National Biodiversity Authority supported create awareness about the understanding awareness creation activities through State of threats to and the need for conservation Biodiversity Boards, and other of biodiversity. The Ministry undertook a stakeholders including NGOs. number of activities to create awareness about biodiversity issues during the – In pursuance of various decisions of COP- celebration of IYB in 2010. The IYB was 9 to the CBD held in May 2008, India formally launched in India on 4th January, has been responding to various 2010, in which the Minister for notifications being received from the CBD Environment & Forests released a brochure Secretariat, inter alia by making on ‘Achieving 2010 Biodiversity Target; submissions, and nominating experts for India’s Contributions’, highlighting various expert group meetings. measure taken by India towards – During the year, the ongoing negotiations biodiversity conservation. A calendar for for a protocol on access and benefit the year 2010 with 12 award-winning sharing continued under the aegis of CBD. paintings by school children on the theme India as a megadiverse country rich in ‘Our Rich Biodiversity’, prepared by the National Museum of Natural History was biodiversity and associated traditional also released on the occasion. A special knowledge has much stakes on the issue session on ‘Biodiversity and Sustainable of ABS and was therefore one of the lead Development’ was organized on 7th negotiators. In order to prepare for these January, 2010 during the 97th Indian negotiations, the Ministry regularly Science Congress held in consulted the concerned Ministries / Thiruvananthapuram. A special event Departments, experts and other focusing on biodiversity was organized stakeholders, including through during the Delhi Sustainable Development organization of a national consultation

40 Annual Report 2010-2011

in Chennai in April, 2010 and circulation traditional knowledge. of a draft Cabinet Note in September, – CoP-10 also endorsed India’s offer to host 2010. India participated actively in the the CoP-11 to be held in October, in the ABS negotiation meetings held in year 2012, which also marks the 10th Montreal in July, 2010 and September, anniversary of Johannesburg World 2010 and in Nagoya in October, 2010. Two other important CBD meetings in Summit on Sustainable Development, 20th which India participated actively were anniversary of the Rio Earth Summit and fourteenth meeting of SBSTTA and third 40th anniversary of Stockholm meeting on review of implementation held Conference. Considering that India would in Nairobi in May, 2010. be hosting the next CoP, India had – An Indian delegation led by Secretary organized some additional activities, (E&F) participated in the tenth biennial which successfully helped increase our meeting of the Conference of the Parties visibility during CoP-10. These activities (CoP-10) to the CBD, which was held in included: three side events, a display Nagoya in October, 2010. The main booth at the exhibition, and a Reception outcome of this meeting was adoption of with cultural programme on the last day the Nagoya Protocol on ABS, which sets of CoP-10. 22 out rules and procedures for implementing the third and the core – The Nagoya Protocol on ABS has been objective of the CBD relating to ABS. The opened for signature on 2nd February, Protocol is expected to address concerns 2011 at the UN Headquarters in New of India and other biodiversity–rich York. countries relating to misappropriation of – The Ministry is cohosting with UNEP an their genetic resources and associated international meeting of ABS experts in Chennai on 13-15 February, 2011 to review, analyse and interpret the provisions of Nagoya Protocol. This exercise would contribute to early signing and ratification of this Protocol by countries. – The Ministry organized a Stakeholder Consultation on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) in India in New Delhi on 10-11 February, 2011, in which the Minister for Environment & Forests launched the preparation of India TEEB, based on Fig-25. Mixed Lichen Vegetation and Habitat the global study on TEEB.

41 Ministry of Environment & Forests

It is proposed to come out with an 1st October 2003. It is an autonomous, interim report of India TEEB during statutory and regulatory organization CoP-11 in October, 2012. It is which is intended to implement the envisaged that by 2015, value of provisions of Biological Diversity Act, biodiversity would be integrated in the 2002.Twenty four States have so far set national planning process. up State Biodiversity Boards. Eleven states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, – India as the incoming Presidency of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, CoP-11, has the opportunity to emerge Sikkim, West Bengal, Tripura, Uttar as the world leader in conservation Pradesh and Maharashtra have also and sustainable use of biodiversity, and notified the state specific rules in also to set the global agenda on accordance with the provisions of the Act. biodiversity in the context of sustainable livelihoods, for the period 2011-2020, – So far, over 30,000 BMCs have been which is the UN Decade for constituted by the local bodies in 14 states- Biodiversity. Considering that much Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, more focus would now be required on biodiversity, attempts are being made to significantly enhance funding for biodiversity programmes through internal and external sources. Biological Diversity Act – Taking cognizance of the International Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), and to address the excessive pressure on biodiversity, the Government of India has enacted Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (BDA 2002). Accordingly, the national, state and local level mechanisms have been provided for implementation of the Act. At the national level, National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has been established by Government of India in October, 2003 at Chennai (Tamil Nadu) under Section (8) of the Biological Diversity Act. The State Biodiversity Boards (SBB) have been established by the State Governments and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) constituted by the local bodies. – The NBA is a body corporate established in accordance with the provisions of Sec.8 of the Biological Fig-26. : Tectaria coadunata, a fern from South India, an Diversity Act, 2002, at Chennai w.e.f important component of biological diversity

42 Annual Report 2010-2011

Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bengaluru. Biological diversity of this Kerala, Goa, Nagaland, Manipur, Uttar campus constitutes a critical repository Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Mizoram and of various forms of flora and fauna. Tripura. So far, 419 People’s Biodiversity Several states have identified the sites Registers have been documented in six and process of notification is under states. progress. – During the year, one Authority meeting – NBA has, for the first time channelized (17th) was held on 14th September 2010 the royalty amount of `20,000/- to and important decisions were taken on Amarchinta BMC in Mahboobnagar different matters. Thirty one applications district of Andhra Pradesh for the export for access to bioresources were received of neem leaves to Japan. This is the and are at various stages of processing during the period. Nine agreements were first case of benefit sharing in the signed by NBA with applicants during country enabled through NBA which 2010-11. has been accomplished as per the provisions of Biological Diversity Act. – Some of the Important actions taken up 22 – NBA and MoEF organized a national 22 during the year to implement various provisions of the Act include the consultation on international regime following:- on Access and Benefit Sharing, – In pursuance of Section 38 of the Act evolving sui generis system for relating to notification of threatened protection of Traditional Knowledge species, the Ministry has notified in and amendments to Biological the States of Goa and West Bengal Diversity Act and Rules, held in on March 31, 2010, Karnataka on Chennai in April 2010. A wide cross- October 30, 2010. section of stakeholders and experts was represented by the participants – In accordance with Section 37, the Government of Karnataka has notified who included the chairmen and the “Tamarind site” at Nallur in member secretaries of State Devanahalli Taluk, Bangalore district Biodiversity Boards, representatives as first Biodiversity Heritage Site in from biodiversity related research, the country. This BHS spread over 54 development and legal organizations, acres comprising a population of educational institutes, industries, nearly 300 trees, is a picture of NGOs, etc. Discussions were held on dynamic pattern of plant diversity. The the drafts that had been circulated State has also notified “Hogrekan” earlier. Further the outcome of the which is having unique Shola consultation was utilized in various vegetation and grass land with number forums and negotiations. of floral species which are unique and – Two Meetings of State Biodiversity having lot of medicinal value, and University of Agricultural Sciences, Boards (5th and 6th) were held on “GKVK Campus”, Bengaluru as 3rd April 24, 2010 at Chennai and 6-8 BHS in the State which is considered Sep 2010 at Chandigarh respectively as one of the greenest areas in to review the progress and discuss the

43 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– NBA and MoEF organized an exhibition and side events on Himalayan Biodiversity, TKDL and Implementation of BD Act in CBD- COP-10, in Oct 2010 at Nagoya, Japan. In the exhibition, panels, posters, charts and other information material highlighting India’s efforts towards biodiversity conservation were displayed, and distributed. In addition, films relating to biodiversity programmes were screened. The Fig-27. Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas), endangered and needs protection hand made lac pens and pen drive with the inscription “CoP-11 – issues in respect of functioning of Welcome to India” were distributed SBBs, establishment of BMC, to the visitors which have become biodiversity fund, SBB rules, People’s quite popular. A film on Biodiversity Register, selection of “Incredible India-Incredible Biodiversity Heritage sites etc. Biodiversity” was brought out and – The first day cover, commemorative launched in CoP-10 at Nagoya. postage stamp on ‘biodiversity’ to – The MoEF and NBA with the funding mark the International year of support from UNDP has launched a biodiversity were released on the eve pilot project entitled “’Strengthening of World Environment Day on June institutional structures to implement the 05, 2010 Biological Diversity Act” in M.P and – Brain storming session was organized Jharkhand. Experiences and lessons with NBA and SBBs in June 16, 2010 learnt from M.P and Jharkhand in at New Delhi to formulate a mega setting up State Biodiversity Boards project to strengthen the institutional and BMCs will also be shared with mechanisms for implementing the other states. Biological Diversity Act. – The MoEF and NBA are working for – A task force (Expert Committee) on the implementation of Global Biodiversity Management Committee Environmental Facility (GEF) /United has been constituted for preparation Nations Environment Programme of guidelines on creating structures, (UNEP), supported project on running administration and strengthening the implementation of maintaining of accounts and other the BD Act with focus on benefit sharing related matters. Members undertook provisions. field visit to Karnataka on July 19, – Norwegian and Indian Government 2010 to ascertain the various matters have signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) on relating to BMC formation and their November 19, 2010 in New Delhi, administration. for the project which aims at technical

44 Annual Report 2010-2011

as Rules, 1989) to ensure that research and development and testing of LMOs prior to environmental release are conducted in a safe and scientific manner. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee, the apex body under the Rules, 1989 has the mandate to accord approval of activities involving (i) large scale use of GMOS in research and (ii) environmental release of Fig-28. Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) GMOs. The rules also cover the and institutional cooperation for establishment of a Centre for Biodiversity application of hazardous microorganisms 22 Policy and Law (CEBPOL) in Delhi, India. which may not be genetically modified. The developing of full scale project is Hazardous microorganisms include those which under process. are pathogenic to animals as well as plants. Seven meetings of the GEAC have been held – NBA sponsored / supported extended from April, 2009 till date. seven conferences / consultation/ Workshops / seminars to Progress/Achievements made during the commemorate the International year year of Biodiversity 2010 in a befitting Commercial Release of Transgenic Crops manner. Bt cotton is the only transgenic crop Implementing organization approved for commercial cultivation in India. National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai As of date the GEAC has approved several Budget Allocation of the Scheme Bt cotton hybrids expressing Cry 1 Ac gene (MON 531 event) and stacked genes Cry1 Ac An allocation of `4.74 crore was made and Cry 2Ab (MON 15985 event)—BG-II for the year 2010-11 against which an developed by M/s Mahyco, encoding fusion expenditure incurred of `3.43 crore has been genes (cry 1Ab+Cry Ac) ‘GFM developed by incurred upto December, 2010. M/s Nath Seeds, cry 1Ac gene (Event-1) Biodiversity Scheme / Genetic developed by M/s J. K. Agri Genetics Ltd, Cry Engineering Approval Committee 1AC gene (Dharwad event) developed by CICR (GEAC) and Cry 1C (event 9124) developed by M/s Metahelix Life Sciences. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), under the Environment (Protection) Act During Kharif 2009, the Standing 1986, has notified the “Rules for the Committee constituted by the GEAC under Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage the new ‘Event Based approval Mechanism’ of Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically has recommended 244 Bt cotton hybrids for Engineered Organisms or Cells 1989” (known commercial cultivation.

45 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Status of approval of GM Food crops in biosafety research level trials -I (BRL-I) India and biosafety research level trials -II (BRL- II) has been prepared and is awaiting BG-II RRF cotton expressing cry-I Ac and GEAC approval. Cry-2 Ab and CP-4 EPS (event MON 15985 X MON 88913) developed by M/s Mahyco and – Ex ante assessment of socio-economic transgenic corn expressing cry2Ab2, cry1A benefits of Bt brinjal has been initiated by NCAP with the financial support of 105 (Event MON 89034) & CP4EPSPS (Event MoEF. Final report is awaited. NK603) developed by M/s Monsanto have entered Biosafety Research Level-II trials with – Biological documents for Cotton, Brinjal, the approval of GEAC. Okra, Maize and Rice have been developed. In addition, other GM crops such as Biodiversity Scheme/ Cartagena brinjal, rice, okra, cauliflower, cabbage, castor, Biosafety Protocol groundnut, tomato, sorghum, potato, maize rubber developed by both private and public Objectives sector institutions are under various stages of The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the research and development / biosafety testing first international regulatory framework for safe for generation of biosafety data. transfer, handling and use of living Modified Organisms (LMOs) was negotiated under the Pursuant to the moratorium issued on aegis of the Convention on Biological Diversity February 10, 2010, review of Bt brinjal based (CBD). The Protocol was adopted on 29th on the outcome of the public consultation January 2000. India has acceded to the held during January to February 2010 has Biosafety Protocol on 17th January 2003. The been initiated. Protocol has come into force on 11th September Streamlining of the Biosafety Regulatory 2003. As of date 157 countries are Parties Procedure under Rules, 1989 to the Protocol. Four meetings of the Conference of Parties serving as Members of – The Gazette Notification exempting GM the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol (COP- processed food and products thereof from MOP) on Biosafety have been held so far. the purview of Rules, 1989 issued on The main objective of the Protocol is to 15th October, 2007 has been kept in contribute to ensuring an adequate level of abeyance till September 2011 or until protection in the field of the safe transfer, the Food Safety and Standards Authority handling of LMOs resulting from modern set up under the aegis of the Ministry of biotechnology that may have adverse effect Health and Family welfare is made on the conservation and sustainable use operational. biological diversity, taking into account risk to – Review of the existing national regulatory human health. biosafety framework with a view to Progress/achievements made during the harmonize the obligations under year Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) is Fifth Meeting of the Conference of Parties in progress. serving as Members of Parties (COP- – Draft guidance document for information/ MOP-5) data generation and documentation for The fifth meeting of the Conference of safety assessment of GE Plants during Parties serving as Members of the Parties to

46 Annual Report 2010-2011 the Cartagena Protocol (COP-MOP) on Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Biosafety was held at Nagoya, Japan from four states namely Orissa, Chattisgarh, 11-15, October, 2010). Jharkhand and Arunachal Pradesh wherein Pursuant to the above meeting, the third community participation is essential component and fourth meeting the ‘Friends of the Co- of the project. The project was initiated in Chairs’ comprising of six representatives from September 2008 at an estimated cost of Asia Pacific Group, Africa Group, Latin `13.50 crores (US$ 3 Million) and its tenure American countries, EU, Norway, Japan and has been extended up to December 2012. New Zealand was held at Kula Lumpur in These four states are primarily tribal June 2010 and at Nagoya in October 2010 dominated and therefore forest dependent to finalize the Supplementary Protocol on livelihoods will be largely benefited from Liability and Redress in the context of CPB. interventions that are proposed under the COP-MOP 5 held at Nagoya during 11- project. These four states have large stretches 15 October proved to be a milestone in the of forest that are controlled and managed by negotiations for a legally binding regime on the communities. In these states, development liability and redress for damage caused by of alternative sources of income assumes 22 transboundary movement of LMO’s. After six importance as the communities depend mainly years of hectic negotiations, the Nagoya-Kuala on the natural resources for their livelihoods. Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on The project aims to focus on component Biosafety was adopted in the plenary on like conservation of species and habitats October 15, 2010. through responsible community-based management; Ecological restoration including The Supplementary Protocol shall be open species recovery programmes; gender, equity, for signature at UN Headquarters in New York tenure and resource rights over common pool from March 7 2011 to March 6, 2012. resources; Revitalization of indigenous Capacity Building knowledge, equitable customary laws and The ‘Full Scale Project’ (FSP) document practices and ethical values recognizing socio- for capacity building on biosafety under the economic and gender differences; Nurturing GEF program has been developed and will existing as well as new self-governing commence soon. community institutions following principles of participatory decision-making, gender and GOI-UNDP CCF-II project “Biodiversity social equity. Keeping these issues in Conservation through Community based background, the project has following Natural Resource Management” objectives: This is one of the Externally Aided Projects – to facilitate the process of making the (EAP), operational with the financial support National and State-level policies and of the United Nation Development Programme programmes more responsive to linkages (UNDP). The project is supported under the between sustainable rural livelihoods Country Cooperation Framework-II (CCF-II) being implemented by UNDP for Biodiversity – to enhance the capacity of communities Conservation. The larger goal of the project and institutions of decentralized is being achieved through Community based governance for integrating sustainable

47 Ministry of Environment & Forests

biodiversity based livelihoods through participatory micro planning, while ensuring equity, transparency and accountability. Progress/Achievements made during the year The details of state-wise physical progress made during the period are as follows:

Arunachal Pradesh – Twenty two Village Biodiversity Conservation Councils (VBCCs) strengthened in both project sites i.e. Tawang-west kameng and Fig-29. A high altitude nursery at Apatani Plateau in Arunachal Pradesh Apatani Plateau. – Human Health camps and Poultry – LPG set provided to 100 identified users Vaccination camps organized in all project of both the sites to reduce pressure on sites as entry level. fuel and fire wood. – Eight SHGs were strengthened to Link with – Twenty training-cum workshops were other ongoing schemes of state organized in project villages involving the government members of local communities on – Twelve Trainings programes on SRI conservation and sustainable use of method, poultry & livestock management natural resources in both sites , Backyard nursery, use of organic – Sixty piglets were distributed to villagers fertilizers, SHGs and cooperative group in Apatani site as an alternate mean of strengthening etc, imparted to local livelihood. communities in all three sites and exposure visits conducted for members of village – Six High Altitude Nurseries developed for conservation committees (VCCs). raising medicinal & horticulture plants in both sites Chhattisgarh Orissa – In-situ conservation of Biodiversity completed in 3000 ha area in all three – In-situ Conservation completed in 250 ha sites through forestry related operations. and 100 acre area through forestry related activities in Sambhalpur and Berhampur – Resource survey, ethno-botanical survey site respectively. and documentation of flora of herbal health value and ITK completed in all – Plantation of 5000 saplings of Acacia three sites. and Eucalyptus completed at Khurda site – Three numbers of four day Training cum under high density energy plantation. workshops on Sustainable use of Natural – Fifteen gully plugging units constructed Resources through NTFP based micro- and 700 staggered trenches completed enterprises organized for 141 villagers in at Berhampur site. all three sites. Two Numbers of five days

48 Annual Report 2010-2011

22 Fig-30. Excavation of pond at Khunti site in Jharkhand

Trainings were organized to strengthen the completed in 62 acres in Palajori, 7.5 SHGs and Co-operative working groups acres in Tirkut site. including 150 villagers of Bilaspur site. – Construction of Chuan (10 No) completed – Herbal health care centres (Van at Khunti site; construction of 41 No. of Ausdhalaya) established and being water harvesting structures and Lift maintained at all three sites. irrigation system to irrigate 40 acres of – Mahul leaf molding unit; Imli, Giloy, land at Palajore site; Five ponds excavated Stawar, Lac and other NTFPs processing to irrigate 76 Acre of land and one gravity units being maintained at community flow pipeline completed to irrigate 25 level. acres of land at Tirkut site. Jharkhand – Seed money provided to 114 families – Eleven acre of sacred groove developed at Khunti site, 15 Self Helth Group and 12 acres of village forest developed (SHGs) each at Tirkut and Bokaro river and maintained at Khunti site; Bamboo basin site for NTFP purchase, rope and other horticulture spp. Plantation making , goatry, poultry, piggery , Plate completed in 53 acres at Bokaro river making and vegetable cultivation etc.,. site. – Four training organized on SRI technique – Cultivation of Medicinal Plants completed of paddy at Bokaro basin site and Five in 8 Acres at Tirkut site and two nurseries Training on “Alternate livelihood developed each at Khunti and Tirkut site approaches” in Tirkut and Palajori sites. for raising more than 70 thousand – People Biodiversity Register (PBR) saplings. preparation and updating work is under – Plantation of Fuel-wood & Fodder spp progress in all sites.

49 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Budget Allocation expenditure as per approved budget and also A total sum of approx `13.50 crores (USD provides the feedback for review the progress 3 Million@ `45/USD) is available under the by NSC. project. A grant of `808 lakhs have been All India Coordinated Project on Capacity released till 31st December, 2010 (`204.8 Building in Taxonomy (AICOPTAX) lakhs out of the total allocation of `300 lakhs Taxonomy occupies the position of a during 2010-11) to four identified mother science in biology as it deals with the implementing agencies as per details given classification of all living and extinct in (Table - 6) organisms. Therefore, it is a key science to Implementing organization along with help ensure sustainable utilization, conservation details of responsibilities of biological resources and implementation The MoEF is the implementing agency of of the Convention on Biological Diversity the project. At National level, a National (CBD). There is an overall decline in expertise Steering Committee (NSC) Under the in the taxonomy of several groups of living chairmanship of Additional Secretary organisms. Moreover, the existing taxonomic (Conservation) and an Empowered Project base is eroding rapidly due to non-availability Steering Committee (EPSC) under the of professionals and lack of trained man- Chairmanship of Joint Secretary (Conservation) power to replace the retiring specialists. In have been constituted for overall coordination other words, a wide gap exists between the and implementation of the project. A National magnitude of taxonomic expertise needed and Project Director (NPD), has been designated the available limited taxonomic knowledge and a Project Management Unit (PMU), has base. Further, many microbes, plants and been established at MOEF for administrative animals are yet to be discovered and support to the Project. The NSC lay down the identified. To manage the biological resources guidelines for the project implementation and and to meet the challenges of 21st century, also reviews the progress periodically. The the issue of ‘taxonomic impediments’ needs EPSC approves the Annual work plan and to be addressed urgently. Table-6. Budget allocation under GOI UNDP CCF-II Project (` in lakhs) State Coordinating Agency Amount sanctioned Amount released till for three years duration 31st Dec, 2010 of the project

Arunachal G.B. Pant Institute of 252.89 191.10 Pradesh Himalayan Environment & Development, N-E Unit, Itanagar

Jharkhand Institute of Forest 250.00 214.17 Productivity, ICFRE, Ranchi Orissa Regional Plant Resource 250.00 230.14 Centre, Bhubaneshwar

Chattisgarh State Minor Forest Produce 250.00 171.39 (T & D) Coop. Federation , Raipur

50 Annual Report 2010-2011

For devising effective conservation and participated in the workshop, and after lengthy management strategies, one needs to know: deliberations, made a number of action (i) what kind of species are found, (ii) where oriented recommendations for capacity they occur, (iii) what are their characteristics or building in taxonomy. One of the prioritized attributes, and (iv) how they are related to recommendations was to initiate an All India one another. These questions can be Coordinated Project on Capacity Building in answered only by specialists. Besides the basic Taxonomy, besides taking steps for inputs needed for understanding biodiversity, strengthening education and training. This the taxonomic studies also result in weaving recommendation was endorsed by the then the data obtained on the species into a system Task Force constituted by the MoEF. The of classification which is used by the scientists Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet and others. (SAC-C) also endorsed the recommendation. Accordingly, an All India Coordinated Project Taxonomy is also central to and an on Taxonomy Capacity Building was launched integral part of the conservation and in 1999, much before Global Taxonomic sustainable utilization of biological diversity. Initiative (GTI) came into existence. It is this aspect that led the Convention on The AICOPTAX has a sole mission – Biological Diversity (CBD) to emphasize the “Enhancement of country’s capabilities for 22 role of taxonomy in its implementation at the inventorying, monitoring, conserving and national, regional and global level. As a utilizing biodiversity as well as for establishing signatory to the CBD, India stands committed leadership in the field of taxonomy at regional to capacity building in taxonomy and to and global levels”. AICOPTAX, an active undertake exploration and preparation of an programme channelized at the national level inventory of living organisms. India started to address the problems of inadequate building capacity in Taxonomy much before taxonomic knowledge due to limited number the Global Taxonomic Initiative (GTI) coming of taxonomists available in the country, is fully into existence, through overall strengthening funded by the MoEF. It has the following of Botanical and Zoological surveys as well main objectives: as launching a dedicated All India Coordinated – Survey, collection, identification and Project on Capacity Building in Taxonomy preservation of elements of biodiversity (AICOPTAX). of the country with emphasis on protected So far around 91,000 species of animals areas. and 45,500 species of plants have been – Training research fellows and college identified and described but a large number teachers and building capacity in the field of animals and plants are yet to be explored, of taxonomy. identified and described. – Maintain collections and taxonomic data To find out the ways and means by which banks. the existing gaps in taxonomic knowledge – Develop identification manuals. could be filled, the Ministry of Environment – Generate information needed for decision and Forests (MoEF) – a nodal agency within making in conservation and sustainable the Government of India for environmental use of biological diversity. protection and conservation of biodiversity – organized a two-day national workshop on – Integration of taxonomic capacity into the “Capacity Building in Taxonomy in India on national reporting process. 15th & 16th February 1996 at Jaipur. Sixty – Enhance local and regional capacity in two leading taxonomists of the country taxonomy.

51 Ministry of Environment & Forests

To start with, 30 thematic areas were Of the aforesaid 30 thematic areas, only chosen for investigation under the AICOPTAX. 15 could be implemented so far. The work These were: of the thematic areas of AICOPTAX was assigned to 15 coordinators along with 61 1. Plant viruses collaborators. The coordinators also oversee 2. Animal viruses and monitor the activities for achieving the 3. Pathogenic bacteria aims and objectives outlined in the thematic areas. 4. Non-pathogenic bacteria The remaining 15 thematic areas are in 5. Pathogenic fungi the process of being taken up for investigation 6. Non-pathogenic fungi under AICOPTAX in phased manner. The important achievements of the 15 7. Fresh water phytoplankton/ thematic areas include: discovery of species Algae(including blue green algae) new to science, new records for India, floristic 8. Fresh water zooplankton (including and faunal accounts, status of species, number euglenoids/ciliates/rhizopods) of students training in taxonomy and enrolled 9. Lichens for doctoral studies, etc. For brief reports on each theme, the reader may glean through 10. Bryophytes the separate sheets enclosed in this folder. 11. Orchids The MoEF has spent about `10 crores during X five year plan on AICOPTAX. Some 12. Palms significant achievements are given below: 13. Grasses and bamboos Survey and exploration – Tours : 1323 14. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms undertaken 15. Research in plant biosystematics and Number of collections added : 53715 advanced training in taxonomy to national Reference collections Number of species identified/ : 12789 16. Helminthes and Nematodes characterized/Described 17. Crustacea Documentation of flora and : 6759 18. Mollusca fauna (with descriptions) 19. Insects: coleoptera Human resource development /training in Biosystematics 20. Insects: hymenoptera Number of persons trained : 450 21. Insects: blateria and tettigonids in taxonomy 24. Insects: miscellaneous order Number of students enrolled : 105 25. Arachnida for Ph.D 26. Oomycetes and cellular slime moulds New Discoveries 27. Protozoa and sporozoa Taxa new to science : 570 28. Annelida Taxa new to India : 449 29. Meiofauna Species collected after a gap : 189 of 50 years or more 30. Research in animal biosystematics and Number of rare taxa advanced training in taxonomy recorded from new locations : 1059

52 Annual Report 2010-2011

Publications – Floristic and Faunistic Surveys of North Books : 7 Eastern Region of the Country Research Papers : 333 Accordingly, three projects have been Book chapters : 61 conceived under the thematic area Crustacea; six projects under Coleoptera; six projects under Popular articles : 14 Hymenoptera; four projects under Arachnidae; Papers accepted for publication : 118 fourteen projects under Floristic Surveys of Training/awareness Workshops : 12 North Eastern Region and one project under organized Faunistic Survey in the North East Region of the country. These are being processed in Under AICIOPTAX Scheme, several new consultation with Integrated Finance Division records of wild flora and fauna have been of the Ministry for sanction & release of funds made. Several new species have also been during the current financial year. discovered. These are being documented and verified with voucher specimens for authenticity Assistance to Botanic Gardens before publication during the XI Plan Period. The scheme on Assistance to Botanic Discovery of species new to science will be 22 Gardens, Botanic sections in popular gardens 22 the major impact of the AICOPTAX Scheme. and Centres of Ex-Situ Conservation of rare, The Ministry, with the technical support endangered, threatened and endemic plants from BSI & ZSI, has brought out Programme was initiated in 1992 to augment facilities for Brief on Taxonomy Capacity Building: Indian ex-situ conservation of rare, endangered, Initiative (based on outcome of research work threatened and endemic plants. One time done under 76 projects between 1999-2007 financial assistance is provided to identified embodying 570 species new to science), Botanic Gardens and Centres of Ex-situ released as a showcase document by Conservation for improvement of their Government of India during the 10th infrastructural facilities to facilitate ex-situ Conference of Parties to the Convention on conservation of rare endangered, threatened Biological Diversity held in October, 2010 at endemic plants. Nagoya, Japan. Under the scheme, 254 projects have The Steering Committee for the AICOPTAX been supported so far to various organization Scheme has been reconstituted on 03.07.2008 maintain botanic gardens and Centres of ex- along with the formation of a Project situ conservation. This is gradually helping in Monitoring Unit (PMU). A meeting of the facilitating ex-situ conservation of rare endemic Steering Committee was held on 13th February, plants. A detailed guideline has been issued 2009 during which the entire scheme was for guidance of proponents. reviewed and following five new thematic areas were proposed for implementation during The Ministry has reconstituted the Expert 2010-11: Group on the scheme in December, 2008. The Expert Group identifies and recommends – Crustacea proposals received for financial assistance – Coleoptera under the scheme and also monitors and reviews progress of the sanctioned projects. – Hymenoptera During the year, five projects have been – Arachnidae sanctioned. The gardens shall be equipped

53 Ministry of Environment & Forests with modern facilities to enable them to conservation research and education. A brief perform their responsibilities. description of the programme activities carried out during April 2010 - January 2011 is as During 2008-09, 24 gardens were under: supported under the scheme. Whereas during 2009-10, ten gardens have been supported Woodland Development Programme: and entire allocation of `2.20 crores have About 3500 saplings belonging to about 94 been spent. genera and 100 species were procured for introduction in the various woodland sections An allocation of `2.20 crore have been and arboreta. Saplings of about 23 indigenous made for year 2010-11 and the entire plant species, including Pterocarpus santalinus, allocation will be spent by the end of the Sterculia hamiltoni, Madhuca indica, Terminalia year. A total of five projects were sanctioned bellirica, etc., were introduced in the during the year. woodlands section. Similarly, about 10 species, The projects under the scheme are including Toona ciliata, Gardenia retusa, implemented by various Government/ Michelia champaca, Erythrina arborescens, etc., Autonomous/ Non-Government Organizations were introduced into the Economic Plants maintaining Botanical Gardens and Centres Arboretum. In the arboretum of fruit yielding of Ex-situ Conservation. The progress made trees saplings of about 100 seedlings of about by these Botanic Gardens is periodically 10 fruit varieties were introduced this year. monitored by the Botanical Survey of India Conservation Research Programme: which also helps in identification of rare Multiplication of some of the endangered endangered, threatened and endemic plants species such as Frerea indica was done. requiring ex-situ conservation. Endangered species such as Cycas beddomei, Hildegardia populifolia, etc., and vulnerable Botanic Garden of India Republic species such as Pterocarpus santalinus were (BGIR), NOIDA maintained in the garden. The BGIR has framed certain programme Work on the germination trials of selected activities to help address its mandate of species continued in BGIR’s Seed Bank laboratory: seeds of more about 20 species of indigenous trees were procured for banking; germination trials on selected indigenous tree species and medicinal plants were carried out; experiments on breaking of seed dormancy on about 5 species were also carried out successfully. This work is critical for augmentation of germplasm holdings in the seed bank. BGIR’s ex situ conservation programme continued to enhance the germplasm collections of gingers, bamboos and other plant Fig-31. Plantation-Education Programme at Botanical Garden of groups. Some interesting bamboos Indian Republic, NOIDA procured this year include Bambusa

54 Annual Report 2010-2011 vulgaris (Buddha’s Belly Bamboo), techniques of about 84 species has been Gigantochloa nigrociliata, Dendrocalamus incorporated in the database so far. brandisii, etc. The rare plant was Ensete Medicinal Plants Conservation superbum was procured from the W. Ghats. Programme: The Medicinal Plants Section, These would be introduced in the thematic called the Ayur Vatica, is repository of medicinal conservation areas planned in the garden. plants of the Indo-gangetic region. The Ayur Herbarium Development Programme: Vatica is laid out thematically according to Digitisation of the plant collections that were the therapeutic use of plants in the Ayurvedic accrued from BGIR’s project on the Digital system of medicine. This section continues to Flora of NCT has been completed this year. be the main attraction for visitors of the garden. A software also has been developed as part Education & Training programme: of the digitisation work. As part of the Orientation programmes for researchers/ herbarium development work a special students from research institutes/universities/ collection of medicinal plants in the BGIR has colleges are continued on a regular basis. been initiated as a link to the Medicinal Plants More than 6000 students from about 50 Conservation Programme. A database on the schools visited the garden mostly during the live collections of medicinal plants at BGIR winter months. BGIR conducted an 22 was initiated this year; information on agro- environmental education programme during

Fig-32. Exacum bicolor, an endangered herb with medicinal properties

55 Ministry of Environment & Forests

February 2010 to commemorate the practices of medicinal plants of the country. International Year of Biodiversity; the week Besides this, a long-term strategy at the long programme culminated on 28th February, global, national and local levels for the National Science Day. The theme of the conservation of medicinal plant resources and programme was Biodiversity Conservation. The using their rich associated traditional National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) knowledge, for social, cultural and economic conducted a summer camp for school students benefits was also felt necessary. With this at BGIR during May 2010; the camp included objective, the Ministry of Environment and slide shows/quiz by BGIR’s resource persons/ Forests and UNDP have taken up two projects volunteers, nature trail, etc. Public/advisory namely ‘GOI-UNDP-CCF-II Promoting services were also rendered for colleges/ Conservation of Medicinal Plant and institutions in NCR. Traditional Knowledge for Enhancing Health Infrastructure development and Livelihood Security’ and ‘GOI-GEF-UNDP Project on Mainstreaming Conservation and As part of the enabling works of BGIR Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plant Biodiversity construction of a circular access road was in three Indian States. completed. Civil work on construction of main entrance gate has been initiated this year and UNDP-GOI-CCF-II-Programme on is expected to be completed before March Promoting Conservation of Medicinal 2011. Plant and Traditional Knowledge for Enhancing Health and Livelihood UNDP-GOI-CCF-II-Programme on Security Promoting Conservation of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Knowledge for The project was initiated in May 2006 Enhancing Health and Livelihood and has been completed on 30th June, 2010. Security and UNDP-GOI-GEF Project on The Project had an outlay of `12.90 crores. Mainstreaming Conservation and The Project was undertaken in nine States viz. Sustainable use of Medicinal Plant Bio Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Diversity in three Indian States Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. The ever increasing demand of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAPs) all over the world The main objective of the project was has let to an indiscriminate extraction and supporting conservation of medicinal plants unregulated trade of these from its natural and traditional knowledge for enhancing habitat i.e. the Forests. In India, over 90% of health and livelihood security. The key thrust the medicinal plants are accessed from the of the project is to promote conservation of wild. This has resulted into a degradation of medicinal plants and related traditional this resource and has affected the major knowledge with local people and livelihood of a majority of the village mainstreaming these into the existing policies population, thereby having a significant impact and programmes of the forestry and health on the socio-economic as well as the sector. During the year 2010, all the activities environmental well-being of the country. under 14 components, details of which were Realising the threat to the Medicinal Plant given in the Annual Report 2009-10, were Bio-diversity and to livelihood security, a need consolidated. One meeting of EPSC was held was felt to conserve, protect, cultivate, and the final report of the project was drafted. propagate, improve harvesting and collection The report is being finalized.

56 Annual Report 2010-2011

During the year, over `1.25 crores was released by UNDP directly to the implementing partners and PMU. Sites for Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs) in three States have been finalized and Globally Significant Medicinal Plants (GSMPs) for conservation in these 21 identified MPCAs sites have been finalized. TORs have been finalized for studies to be awarded for Outputs 1.1 to 1.6 under the Outcome 1. Studies have Fig. 33 : Ficus carica, known as common fig, an important medicinal plant been awarded for three outputs under Output 1. 22 UNDP-GOI-GEF Project on Mainstreaming States are also in process of awarding such Conservation and Sustainable use of studies under Outcome 2. Workshops have Medicinal Plant Bio Diversity in three been organized in Chhattisgarh and Arunachal Indian States Pradesh to review the existing legal regime to Encouraged with the success of this phase, mainstream conservation aspects and in Uttarakhand for selection of species for the Ministry with the support of UNDP and sustainable harvesting and developing Global Environment Facility (GEF) has launched protocols. As a part of capacity building this project in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, exposure visits and trainings for field Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand. The total out implementing staff and Project Managers were lay of the project is US$ 11,414,121 with conducted for all the three states and Training 4.93 million $ of GEF and 6.m Million $ of modules for the Village Botanist Programme Government contribution. The project is for and for Local Management Committees (LMCs) seven years. The Joint Secretary, CS-III Division for MPCAs and front line staff were prepared has been designated as the National Project and training are being taken up. Likewise, Director (NPD) for the Project and FRLHT, training on preparation of Community Bengaluru has been designated as the Knowledge Registers (CKRs) and documentation National Project Management Unit (NPMU). of Local Health Traditions (LHT) has also been The main objective of this project is conducted for Chhattisgarh. A workshop for mainstreaming conservation into the policies consolidating the activity plan for all the and rules. The interrelationship between various Outcomes was organized and detailed activity existing Acts and prevailing regulations on plan have been prepared. conservation of MAPs and their bearing on Forest Conservation the traditional knowledge and livelihood will be elucidated. The project has an interesting Objectives component of replicating the activities in the The mandate of the Forest Conservation neighboring States viz., J&K, Himachal Division is to regulate the diversion of forest Pradesh, Meghalaya and Sikkim. land for non-forestry purposes through effective

57 Ministry of Environment & Forests implementation of the Forest (Conservation) involving about 35,530 ha. forest land Act, 1980, which was enacted on 25th have been accorded clearance under the October, 1980. Act. These includes 938 proposals involving about 19,204.32 ha. forest land The proposals seeking approval of the for which Stage-I clearance under the Act Central Government for diversion of forest has been accorded. The proposals for land for non-forestry purposes are examined which clearance has been accorded under by the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC). The the Act include the projects for power Ministry keeping in view recommendations of generation, irrigation, construction of the FAC makes decision on diversion of forest roads, railway lines, transmission lines, land for non-forestry purposes, stipulating drinking water supply projects, schools, appropriate mitigative measures. The hospitals etc. considerations of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the floral and faunal – During the financial year 2009-10, total significance of the forest land proposed to be 304 proposals were closed/ rejected/ diverted, feasible alternatives, number and returned/withdrawn owing to shortcomings nature of beneficiaries and nature and extent from the established/ requisite of the benefits likely to accrue from the requirements for granting clearance under proposed diversion. the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. Similarly during first nine months of the Achievements made during the year current financial year 375 proposals have – During the year 2009-10, total 1507 been closed/rejected/ returned/ withdrawn proposals involving about 86,967 ha. for the similar reasons. Forest land have been accorded clearance – To facilitate objective, informed and under the Act. These includes 1043 transparent decision on diversion of forest projects involving about 76,253 ha. forest land for coal mining projects, the Ministry land for which Stage-I clearance under of Environment and Forests on suggestion the Act has been accorded. Similarly, from the Ministry of Coal jointly during first nine months of the financial undertaken a study in nine major coal year 2010-11, total 1700 proposals fields to classify coal blocks into following two categories: (i) Unfragmented forest landscapes having gross forest cover (GFC) > 30% and weighted forest cover (WFC) > 10%, named as category–‘A’ or ‘No Go Area’. (ii)Fragmented forest landscapes having FGC < 30% and WFC < 10%, named as category-‘B’ or ‘Go Area’. – With the objective to achieve coal production target by causing least possible adverse impact on environment in general, Fig-34. Forest of Arunachal Pradesh possess a phenomenal range of biological diversity, both in flora and fauna and forests and wildlife in

58 Annual Report 2010-2011 particular, the Ministry has decided that as of – The Indian Council of Forestry Research now, proposal seeking diversion of forest land and Education (ICFRE) an autonomous for coal mining in category-B area shall only organization under the Ministry of be considered. Environment & Forests, and its Institutes/ – To boost the development of Centers namely:- underdeveloped area including tribal – Forest Research Institute, Dehradun areas, Ministry accorded general approval – Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur under Section-2 of the Forests (Conservation) Act, 1980 for underground – Forest Research Centre, Hyderabad laying of electric cable and wires to – Forestry Research & Human Resource individual household, drinking water Development Centre, Chhindwara supply/ water pipelines, telephone lines which involve felling of trees not exceeding – Himalayan Forest Research Institute, 50 numbers per project and are outside Shimla the National Parks and Sanctuaries and – Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree are laid along the road. Validity of the Breeding, Coimbatore general approval has been extended till – Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi 22 further orders. – Institute of Wood Science and – As a special measures to boost Technology, Bangalore development of basic infrastructure in 35 worst affected Left Wing Extremism (LWE) – Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat affected districts in nine States of the – Tropical Forest Research Institute, country, the general approval for diversion Jabalpur of the forest land for the said public utility development projects has been further – Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehradun and relaxed upto 2 hectares in each case, for its following four Zonal Offices as a period of five years i.e. till 31st indicated below;- December, 2015. – Central Zone, Nagpur – Good practices have been adopted to – Eastern Zone, Kolkata ensure transparency in the system of – Northern Zone, Shimla forestry clearances. Monitoring mechanism for grant of the forestry – Southern Zone, Bangalore clearances has been strengthened. – Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) Agenda and minutes of Forest Advisory and its Regional Offices at ;- Committee Meetings, important Guidelines and modifications are being – Chennai, Southern Region regularly placed and updated on – Kolkata, Eastern Region Ministry’s website. The status of all – Mumbai, Western Region, proposals received in the Ministry is also available in the public domain. – Jablapur, Central Region Forest Establishment – New Delhi, Northern Region The Forest Establishment division is – Directorate of Forest Education (DFE) handling the establishment matters in respect including the following State Forest of the following organizations:- Colleges;-

59 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– State Forest Service College, Strengthening of Forests Division Dehradun Introduction – State Forest Service College, The Ministry of Environment & Forests has Coimbatore six Regional Offices located at Bangalore, – State Forest Service College, Burnihat Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Lucknow, Shillong and – State Forest Service College, Kurseong Chandigarh with its Headquarter in the Ministry at New Delhi. Details are given in the – National Zoological Park (NZP), New Annexure-11A The primary function of the Delhi Regional Offices is to monitor and evaluate – Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy the ongoing forestry projects and schemes with (IGNFA), Dehradun specific emphasis on conservation of forests Forestry establishment matters relating to and follow up action on the implementation all the Union Territories of India (except of conditions and safeguards laid down by Andaman & Nicobar Forest Plantation the Ministry while granting clearance to Development Corporation), and general development projects under Forest references in respect of frontline staff of state (Conservation) Act, 1980 (FCA) and forest Deptts. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA). The court cases, RTI applications and Progress of Activities undertaken Parliament Matters pertaining to the above. The Regional Chief Conservator of Forests Progress/Achievements made during the is empowered to grant approval for diversion year of forest land for non-forestry purposes up to the extent of five hectare (except mining and – The Report of the Committee headed by regularization of encroachment) and to process Sh Hem Pande, Joint Secretary, to look cases between five hectare and 40 hectare in into the demands of the All India Forest Officers Federation (AIFOF) relating to consultation with the State Advisory Committee filling up of vacant frontline posts, their and to undertake physical inspection of sites training, moderization, and cadre in cases of diversion of forest lands to non- management etc. was submitted on 3rd forestry purposes involving an area of more October, 2010 and its recommendations than 100 ha. A statement showing the number were forwarded to all States/UTs for their of cases received and number of cases cleared Consideration/implementation. under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 during the year 2010-11 (upto 31 December – With a view to having uniformity in the 2010) is given in Table-7. service conditions of forest personnel (ACF and below) in the Union Territories, Other Activities undertaken [Forests being a Concurrent subject under Some of the important activities the Constitution, the Centre’s role with undertaken/ meetings held by the Regional regard to the States is only advisory in Offices are as follows: nature] the Ministry of Home Affairs/ Cabinet Secretariat have been – Western Regional Office, Bhopal has approached for making suitable undertaken IIFM internship project for ten modifications in the Allocation of the students entitled “Monitoring and Business Rules for allocation of the subject Evaluation of Forest Area Diversions ‘Forests’ in respect of all the Union including the Status of Compliance of Territories to this Ministry. Conditionalities of Forest Diversion Cases

60 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-7. Statement showing the number of cases received and number of cases cleared under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 during the year 2010-11 (upto 31 December, 2010)

S. No. Name of the Regional Number of cases Number of cases cleared Office received (upto 31.12.2010)

1. Bangalore 74 79

2. Bhopal 172 124

3. Bhubaneswar 50 109

4. Lucknow 519 615

5. Shillong 89 39

6. Chandigarh 800 772 Total 1704 1738 22 on the Forest and Wildlife- Coal Mining, mines. Metal and Mineral Mining, Multipurpose – The special management drive of Regional Water project, Thermal Power Plants, Office, Bhubaneswar has facilitated Rehabilitation and Resettlement”. Notification of non forest land identified – Due to the persuasion of the Eastern for compensatory afforestation in Orissa Regional Office, Bhubaneswar to start since last year which has reached 60 in immediate use of the low grade ore i.e. number. This year, West Bengal has also up to 45% which is the new threshold notified one PF and initiated action for limit of IBM and for this purpose, Regional mutation of land in other cases. Office, Bhubaneswar has encouraged the – A special drive has been made by the project proponent to make appropriate Regional Office, Bhubaneswar for arrangement for beneficiating the ore. initiation/ revision of Working Plans as Accordingly, many user agencies have per National Working Plan Code, given projects to the Institute of Minerals especially for Jharkhand and Bihar, where and Materials Technology (IMMT) to existing working plans are as per old develop cost effective beneficiation norms & are due for expiry. Responding technologies and two technologies viz. to the drive and guidance, Jharkhand State column floatation technology and has submitted six Working Schemes for magnetic separation have been found to short duration approval so that Regular be quite successful. Working Plans could be prepared in 2/ – Regional Office, Bhubaneswar’s initiation 3 years time. of mandatory DGPS mapping for – At the instance of the Regional Office, boundary demarcation of diverted forest Bhubaneswar, a Committee was land and compensatory afforestation land constituted by the Ministry to look into the has now been adopted by IBM, which has elephant electrocution deaths in the State made DGPS survey mandatory for all of Orissa to find out the causes and

61 Ministry of Environment & Forests

suggest remedial measures. Field generation, utilisation of wastes, inspections were conducted and the report techniques of water and energy has been submitted to the Ministry in conservation. There is, thus, increased December, 2010. The major finding was interaction and awareness to support R & that electrical safety system in transmission D activities by the projects to the Research (distribution lines) of 22 KV and below Institutions and progress achieved for are found to be totally inadequate. extending funding to specially identified – To develop expertise in different categories projects. of the projects that have been accorded – Monthly meetings are conducted in the environmental clearance by the Ministry, Regional Office, Bhubaneswar and Regional Office, Bhubaneswar has presentations on various Forestry and identified important sectors such as Environmental topics of local, national Aluminium & Bauxite sector, Thermal and global significance are made by the Power Projects, Oil, Gas & Petroleum officers. Each officer is given a target to sector, Steel & Sponge iron sector and deliver two presentations in a year. Nodal Scientists have been nominated for each sector. The concerned scientists are – Regional Office, Bhubaneswar also made encouraged to specialise in each of the an Inventorization of bird species on the allotted sectors. campus during summer and 22 bird species have been listed. The work is – An interactive meet on environmental continued through winter and two more issues for Iron & Steel Sector was organised species have been added to the list and th at Bhubaneswar on 6 May, 2010. Road the total bird species so far is 24. map was drawn during the interactive meeting to facilitate closer interaction – A small garden dedicated to indigenous between industries and institution to a) fragrant plants has been developed in establish R&D Funds under the control of the office complex; 35 species of fragrant R&D Fund Executive Committee, b) plants are being maintained in the garden. establish a think-tank by drawing 4–5 – Vermi-composting facility set up in the experts from the industries for technical campus of the Regional Office, guidance and for setting up long-term Bhubaneswar for utilising the domestic and short-term targets and c) set up of a wastes is being continued. The manure centre from consortium funds for R&D in generated from the vermi-composting is one the campuses of leading institutes used in the campus gardens. like IITs, NITs, etc. – Regional Office, Lucknow conducted – A follow-up action on the outcome of the inspection of illegal mining sites in Uttar interactive meeting has been initiated to Pradesh as member of the committee ensure implementation of environmental constituted by Hon’ble High Court, Uttar safeguard measures including R & D Pradesh. The mining sites in eight districts support to industries for environmental (Jalaun, Hamirpur, Allahabad, Banda, management as recommended. Jhansi, Sonebhadra, Kaushambi and – The interactive meetings also facilitated Faizabad) were visited during April and in exchange of information by the May 2010. The report of the committee participating industries on the best has been submitted to Hon’ble High Court practices being adopted in conservation (Lucknow Branch). In addition, site of raw materials, minimisation of wastes inspections of Srinagar Hydro Electric

62 Annual Report 2010-2011

Project, Uttarakhand and Tanda Thermal and Revenue Department of Andhra Power Plant, Faizabad were conducted Pradesh State for survey of six mining and reports have been submitted to the leases in Bellary RF for demarcation of Ministry. boundaries. The Regional Chief Conservator of Forests (Central), – Apart from monitoring activity, the Bangalore was nominated to represent in environment wing of the Southern Regional the above Committee. The Committee has Office, Bangalore has enquired into submitted interim report to the Hon’ble various issues like (i) Mangrove destruction Supreme Court. in Cochin-Kerala, (ii) Power plant – Sompeta, Andhra Pradesh, (iii) Power plant – The Regional Office, Bangalore has – Bhavanapadu, Andhra Pradesh, (iv) organised an Interactive meeting on 18th Aluminium Refinery by JSW, May, 2010 to improve the status of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, (v) environmental management in mining Garnet Sand Mining, Trichy, Tamil Nadu projects in Goa. and (vi) Special Economic Zone, Financial Achievement Mangalore, Karnataka. A statement showing financial targets and – The Ministry of Environment and Forests achievements for the year 2010-11 is given 22 had constituted a Committee under the in Table - 8. Chairmanship of the Regional Chief Intensification of Forest Management Conservator of Forests (Central), Scheme (IFMS) Bangalore to examine whether the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 has been violated While aiming to expand forest cover in by encroachment in Munnar, Kerala and the country, it is equally important to improve there is any need for the Central the state of existing forests and protect them Government to get involved to ensure that against various threats. This centrally the forests are projected. The inspection sponsored ‘Intensification of Forest Management Scheme’ aims at strengthening report of the Central Team has been forest protection machinery of the State/UT submitted to the Ministry. Governments and providing support for area- – The Hon’ble Supreme Court vide Order specific forest management interventions. The dated 22nd March, 2010 in SLP (C) Nos. financial assistance is provided on cost share 7366-7367 of 2010 has constituted a basis. All the North-Eastern States including Committee headed by Senior Sikkim and special categories States, namely, Representative/ Officer of the Survey of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and India, Dehradun with representatives from Uttarakhand share 10% of the cost, while the the Ministry of Environment and Forests, rest of the States/UTs share 25% of the cost Mining Department, Forest Department of the annual plans of operations.

Table-8. Financial targets and achievements for 2010-11 (` in crore) Revenue head Capital head Target 2010-11 Achievement Target 2010-11 Achievement (upto 31.12.2010) (upto 31.12.2010)

10.50 7.03 0.50 0.38

63 Ministry of Environment & Forests

The major components of the scheme way of creation and maintenance of firelines, include: early detection, reporting and quick – Forest fire control and management. mobilisation of force for forest fire control. Modern technology has also helped in – Strengthening of Infrastructure. improving planning for forest fire control and – Survey, Demarcation and Working Plan management. preparation. This scheme has also provided incentives – Protection and Conservation of Sacred for involvement of local people through Joint Groves. Forest Management Committees in forest – Conservation and Restoration of Unique protection. Presently, there are more than one Vegetation & Ecosystems. lakh JFMCs managing an extent of 22 mha – Control and Eradication of Forest Invasive involving more than 23 million people residing Species. within the periphery of forest area. – Preparedness for Meeting Challenges of The XI plan outlay for the scheme is Bamboo Flowering and Improving `600.00 crores. The allocation for the year Management of Bamboo Forests. 2010-11 is `65.00 crores. While the first three components have Forest Policy been under implementation since the X Plan period under the erstwhile ‘Integrated Forest Forest Policy Division of Ministry of Protection Scheme’, the remaining four Environment & Forests (MoEF) coordinates the components have been introduced from the National Forest Policy, 1988 and its year 2009-10 after obtaining the CCEA implementation issues, Forest International approval. Cooperation besides examining and The scheme has helped the State/UT forest coordinating the State Forest Policies, State departments in modernising the forestry sector Forest Acts/Amendments etc. In addition Forest by way of creating infrastructure, such as, field Policy Division has been made Nodal Division offices, forest stations, residential facilities for frontline staff; construction of roads and patrolling paths; introduction of modern technology including use of PDS for field surveillance and reporting; providing field vehicles, arms and ammunitions. Introduction of advanced technology helped in bridging the backlog in preparation of working plans. Forest fire control has become progressively effective by Fig-35. A typical rainforest in North East India

64 Annual Report 2010-2011 regarding Climate Change in Forestry Wing Institutional Linkages between Forests of MoEF. The details of the major activities and Institutions of Local Self coordinated by the Forest Policy Division during Governance the year are as follows: The Ministry has given its comments Constitution of Joint committee of Ministry of on Draft Cabinet Note regarding Environment and Forests (MoEF) and Ministry amendment to PESA Act, 1996, and of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) to study the Model Rules under PESA and submitted implementation of “Scheduled Tribes and to Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR). The Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition issue of linking JFM Committees with of Forest Rights Act), 2006” Panchayats has been resolved by issuing an advisory to State Governments under This Ministry constituted a Joint Committee of which JFMCs are to be treated as organs MoEF and MoTA in April 2010 under the of Gram Sabha and they shall work under Chairmanship of Dr.N.C. Saxena to study the the overall guidance and supervision of implementation of “Scheduled Tribes and Gram Sabha. The main points of the Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition Advisory are: of Forest Rights Act), 2006”. 22 (i) Existing JFMCs should function under (i) The Ministry has been proactively the overall guidance and supervision involved in coordinating the of the Gram Sabha and where new implementation of the Scheduled JFMCs are to be set up they should Tribes and Other Traditional Forest be done by the GramSabhas. Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. Certain complaints were (ii) JFMCs should be recognized as being received from different organs of the Gram Sabha under the stakeholders regarding relevant state Acts relating to implementation of the said Act on the Panchayati Raj Institutions. ground. As a consequence, Ministry (iii)JFMCs should function as Standing constituted a Joint Committee of Committees of Gram Panchayats for MoEF and MoTA to study the factors item 6 (social forestry and farm responsible for poor implementation forestry) and item 7 (minor forest of the Act, and suggest various ways produce) listed in the Eleventh for its speedy implementation. Ministry Schedule to the Constitution. of Environment and Forests also participated in discussions of various (iv) The manner in which the development meetings of the said Committee. The funds of the JFMCs are used should Committee has submitted its final be approved by the Gram Sabha. report in January, 2011. The – Amendment of Section 68 of Indian recommendations made by the Forest Act, 1927 committee in its report are under examination in this Ministry. Under the present provision of IFA, 1927, where the power to compound forest (ii) An Advisory to all the States/UTs offences is extremely limited, even petty regarding withdrawal of court cases cases are often referred to courts for relating to forest offences against tribals prosecution leading to harassment of has been issued. Tribals and other people living in proximity

65 Ministry of Environment & Forests

of forests, who may sometimes d. Community Forestry/Joint Forest unknowingly commit a petty forest Management violation. Hence, to ensure that in e. Forest Genetic Resources instances of such petty forest violations, f. Governance Structure of Forestry in the local people are not put to undue India, Legal Frameworks and harassment through prosecution which policies entails litigationin courts, it is proposed to amend Section 68 (3) of Indian Forest g. Agroforestry models for different Act, 1927 to enhance power vested with species/zones forest officials to compound a forest h. Ecology and Biodiversity offence up to a limit of `10,000 (Rupeees Conservation Ten Thousand only). The proposed draft i. NTFP models in India -– people Cabinet Note and draft Amendment Bill, involvement in collection, marketing 2010 has now been moved to the Ministry and processing of Law for legal vetting. j. Forestry research and education Visits of Indian Delegation to Committee on Forestry (COFO) neighbouring countries Indian delegation Participated in the High level Indian delegation headed 20th Session of the Committee on Forestry by Dr. P.B. Gangopadhyay, Additional Director (COFO) held at FAO Headquarters, Rome, General of Forests visited China from 18 to Italy from 4th to 8th October, 2010. The 23 April, 2010. It was second meeting of Committee discussed various issues related to China-India Forestry Working Group held in forestry. Prominent among them are: State Forestry Administration, Beijing-China. 1. Forest Biodiversity in the context of Both sides agreed for cooperation in the field Climate Change of Forestry especially on cooperation in Remote Sensisng technology, forest resource 2. Forest Health and Forest Fire in management, exchange among officials, the context of Climate Change technicians, and training institutions. 3. Forest and water in the context of the Climate Change Indian delegation participated in the 23rd Session of Asia Pacific Forestry 4. Strengthening public and private Commission held at Thimpu, Bhutan from sector financial support for Sustainable Forest Management 9th to 11th June, 2010. In the Commission India brought out the fact that India has 5. Forest Governance capacity to impart training to the officials 6. Emerging opportunities and from Countries of the Asia Pacific Region challenges in the context of Climate with specific reference to the following: Change including REDD+. a. Application of remote sensing Wildlife Conservation technology in forestry Introduction b. Management of natural forest Government of India provides technical system/working plans and financial support to the State/ UT c. Assisted Natural Regeneration Governments for wildlife conservation under System (ANR) the various Centrally Sponsored Schemes -

66 Annual Report 2010-2011

year 2010-11 under the Scheme, of which around 57.01 crore has been disbursed to various State/UT Governments till date. State- wise release of funds under the scheme is given in the (Table - 9) CS - Strengthening of Wildlife Division and Consultancies for Special Tasks: This Central Sector Scheme was launched in 1986 to strengthen the Wildlife Division in the Ministry and the Regional Offices of Fig-36. Athene brama, spotted owlet Wildlife Preservation for fulfilling the statutory obligations under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats, 1972 and the Convention on International Project Tiger, and Project Elephant, and also Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild through Central Sector Scheme - Strengthening fauna and flora. of Wildlife Division and Consultancies for International trade in wild flora and fauna Special Tasks, and through Grants in Aid to is regulated by the provisions of the EXIM the Central Zoo Authority and Wildlife Institute 22 Policy, the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and of India, Dehradun. The objectives and details CITES convention. The Director (Wildlife of the Schemes handled by the Wildlife Division Preservation) is designated as the CITES are as given below: Management Authority and the Regional CSS-Integrated Development of Wildlife Deputy Directors (Wildlife Preservation) are the Habitats Assistant Management Authorities under CITES. The Protected Area network in India They monitor and regulate international trade includes 100 National Parks and 515 Wildlife in wildlife and its derivatives at the designated Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation Reserves and ports of exit and entry. four Community Reserves. The objective of The Scheme “Strengthening of Wildlife the Scheme is to provide financial and technical Division and Consultancies for Special Tasks” assistance to the State/ UTs to conserve wildlife provided assistance to the Regional Offices resources. The Scheme supports various located in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Jabalpur activities aimed at the conservation of wildlife and Chennai for manpower and development that inter alia include habitat improvement of infrastructure. Assistance was also extended practices, infrastructure development, eco- to the three sub- regional offices at Guwahati, Amritsar and Cochin. In addition, the Scheme development activities, anti poaching activities, also supported the functioning of the Wildlife research, training, capacity building, census Division in the Ministry. The allocation of the of wildlife, etc. Scheme during the year 2010-11 is `6.00 Under this Scheme, 100% grant is crores of which `3.34 crores has been utilized provided for identified items of non-recurring till date. expenditure. Also, 50% assistance is provided The Scheme also supported wildlife in respect of recurring items of expenditure. research activities/projects envisaged in the For areas located in mountainous, coastal, National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016). deserts and with identified endangered species, Grant were also provided to research institutes, 100% financial support is provided for both universities, NGOs and other organizations recurring and non-recurring items of work. An of repute engaged in wildlife research both at amount of `70.00 crore allocated during the the field and laboratory levels. Major areas

67 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Table-9. State-wise release of fund under CSS- ‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’ 2010-11(upto 31.12.2011) (`. in lakhs) S. Name of Amount. Released No. States/UTs. 1 Andaman & Nicobar Island 87.872 2. Andhra Pradesh 64.341 3. Bihar 0 4. Chandigarh 0 5. Chhattisgarh 206.59 6 Daman & Diu 0 7. Dadar Nagar Haveli 0 8. Goa 32.879 9. Gujarat 337.52 10. Haryana 11.204 11. Himachal Pradesh 229.64 12. Jammu & Kashmir 537.336 13. Jharkhand 48.13 14. Karnataka 325.15 15. Kerala 246.01 16. Madhya Pradesh 523.84 17. Maharashtra 290.95 18. Orissa 241.51 19. Punjab 18.36 20. Rajasthan 279.71 21. Tamil Nadu 278.33 22. Uttar Pradesh 243.82 23. Uttarakhand 134.90 24. West Bengal 184.42 25 Delhi 0 Total: 4322.492 North-Eastern States 26 Arunachal Pradesh 168.95 27 Assam 156.54 28 Manipur 88.32 29 Meghalaya 58.03 30. Mizoram 6923.47 31 Nagaland 29.595 32 Sikkim 183.78 33 Tripura 0 Total: 1378.685 GRAND TOTAL: 5701.177

68 Annual Report 2010-2011

various policy and legal requirements. As a central agency, it is assisting the state agencies through intelligence inputs, analysis of information and providing expertise. The Bureau has also performing its role at the exit points under CITES. The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has five Regional Offices located Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Jabalpur and three Sub-regional offices at Amritsar, Guwahati and Cochin. 22 Fig-37. Wild Buffaloes in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam supported inter alia include taxonomy, National Board for Wildlife population estimation, wildlife conservation & The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 management, restoration of degraded envisages for constitution of National Board ecosystems, etc. About 15 projects in various for Wildlife (NBWL) to promote the conservation disciplines of wildlife management are under of and development of wildlife and forests various stages of consideration/ and also for framing policies and advising implementation. Central Government and State Governments Regulatory Acts/Rules governing the on the ways and means of promoting wildlife programme and promulgation of new conservation, etc. The National Board for Acts Wildlife is Chaired by Hon’ble Prime Minister with the Minister-in-charge for Environment & Wildlife Crime Control Bureau Forests as the Vice Chairperson. The members The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) has been created under provision of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. The mandate has been specified under Section 38 (Z) which includes collection, collation of intelligence and its dissemination, establishment of a centralized wildlife crime databank, coordination of the actions of various enforcement authorities towards the implementation of the provisions of the Act, implementation of the international conventions, capacity building for scientific and professional investigation, assistance to authorities in other countries for a coordinated universal action towards control of wildlife Fig-38. Nilgiri Thar (Hemitragus hylocrius), crimes and to advise the government regarding need conservation

69 Ministry of Environment & Forests of the Board include Members of Parliament, Member of Planning Commission, Chief of the Army Staff, representatives of Non Governmental Organizations, eminent conservationists/ ecologists/environmentalists, Secretaries of various Ministries, and heads of Scientific institutions, State Governments etc. The National Board for Wildlife was constituted vide notification dated 21st September 2003 for a period Fig-39. Tufted Grey Langurs (Semnopithecus priam) in Mudumali of three years. Thereafter, the National Park, Tamil Nadu NBWL was re-constituted vide recommendations/opinion of the Standing notification dated 16th May 2007 for another Committee has been communicated to the period of three years. It has recently been concerned State Governments for compliance. again reconstituted on 4th September 2010. The State Governments /project proponents The 5th meeting if the NBWL was held on have to, however, take final clearance for the 18th March 2010 under the Chairmanship of Hon’ble Supreme Court. The Standing Hon’ble Prime Minister. Committee has also considered other issues Standing Committee of National Board pertaining to wildlife conservation. for Wildlife Central Zoo Authority The NBWL has also a Standing Committee. The Standing Committee of NBWL The Central Zoo Authority is a statutory is chaired by the Minister-in-charge of Ministry autonomous body established by the of Environment & Forests. The Standing Government of India in the year 1992 through Committee was constituted vide order dated an amendment in the Wild Life (Protection) 4th November 2003 for a period of three (1991 Amendment) Act, 1972. The main years and thereafter, re-constituted vide order objective was to enforce minimum standards dated 9th July 2007 for another period of and norms for upkeep and healthcare of three years. It was again reconstituted on 14th animals in Indian zoos and to control September 2010. The Standing Committee mushrooming of unplanned and ill-conceived had met 20 times since its constitution in zoos that were cropping up in the country as November 2003. adjuncts to public parks, industrial complexes In view of the order of Hon’ble Supreme and waysides. Court dated 9th May 2002, proposals pertaining to diversion, exploitation, etc of The Central Zoo Authority is a twelve wildlife habitats have to be referred to the member body headed by a Chairman. Standing Committee of NBWL for their Minister of State for Environment & Forests consideration. The Standing Committee of (Independent Charge) is presently the ex-officio NBWL has considered several proposals Chairman of the Central Zoo Authority. pertaining to non-forestry activities in Member Secretary is the Chief Executive Officer Sanctuaries & National Parks. The of the Authority.

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The Authority was reconstituted last (7th (j) to provide technical and other assistance time) in October 2010 for a period of three to zoos for their proper management and years vide Gazette Notification No. 2177 development on scientific lines; th dated 18 October 2010. (k) to perform such other functions as may Zoos in India are regulated under the be necessary to carry out the purposes of provisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, this Act with regard to zoos. 1972 and are guided by the National Zoo 24th and 25th meetings of the Central Zoo Policy, 1998. The Central Zoo Authority, Authority was chaired by the Hon’ble Minister Government of India formulated Recognition of Environment & Forests (IC) Sri Jairam of Zoo Rules, 1992 amended in 2009 and Ramesh on 10th June 2010 and 11th November fixed standards and norms for management 2010 respectively. of zoos in the country. Central Zoo Authority Expert Group on Zoo Designing of CZA oversees the functioning of zoos in the country had its 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th and provides them technical and other Meetings on 5th April, 26th April, 17th June, 9th assistance for their improvement. The functions August, 18th December 2010 and 1st February assigned to the Authority under Section 38 (C) 2011 respectively. 54th, 55th, and 56th of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 are: 22 Meetings of the Technical Committee of the (a) to specify the minimum standards for CZA were held on 24th June, 24th September housing, upkeep and veterinary care of and 22nd December 2010 respectively wherein the animals kept in zoos; the recommendations made by the Expert Group on Zoo Designing in addition to (b) to evaluate and assess the functioning of attending to other agenda were considered. the zoos with respect to the prescribed standards or norms; Evaluation of zoos (c) to recognise or derecognise zoos; The Central Zoo Authority has evaluated 18 Mini zoos, six Medium zoos, 10 Small (d) to identify endangered species of wild categories of zoos and five Rescue Centre till animals for purposes of captive breeding January 2011. and assigning responsibility in this regard to a zoo; Recognition/ de-recognition of zoos (e) to coordinate the acquisition, exchange The Central Zoo Authority granted and loaning of animals for breeding renewal of recognition to nine Circus, 27 Mini purpose; zoos, seven Medium zoos, six Rescue Centre and 12 Small categories of zoos till January (f) to ensure maintenance of studbooks of 2011. endangered species of wild animals bred in captivity; Conservation Breeding Programme (g) to identify priorities and themes with regard The Central Zoo Authority is coordinating to display of captive animals in zoos; planned Conservation Breeding Programme of 73 identified critically endangered wild (h) to coordinate training of zoo personnel animal species in Indian zoos. During the in India and outside India; financial year 2010-11, the Central Zoo (i) to coordinate research in captive breeding Authority has approved financial assistance of and educational programmes for the `5.4 lakh each for Mouse deer and Vulture purposes of zoos; species at Nehru Zoological Park Hyderabad

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updated the national studbooks of 10 out of 14 identified wild animal species in captivity in Indian zoos. The Central Zoo Authority has also compiled the National studbooks/animal profiles of around 44 species taken up under the conservation breeding programme. Theme/ Planning in zoos The Central Zoo Authority has approved eight Master plan and 33 Master layout plan of the zoos till date.

Human Resource Development The Central Zoo Authority in collaboration with Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna organized a workshop on “Conservation education and zoos” for the Educators working in the zoos at Patna from 6th April – 9th April 2010. A workshop on “Ex-situ conservation, marketing, fund raising and resource management” was organized for Zoo directors Fig-40. Indian Sarus Cranes (Grus antigone) at Kolkata in collaboration with Zoological th th and Rs. 3.0 lakh for the conservation breeding Garden, Alipore Kolkata from 27 April- 30 programme of King Cobra at Pilikula April 2010. Biological Park, Mangalore. The Central Zoo The Central Zoo Authority in collaboration Authority has also ‘in principle’ approved for with National Institute of Animal Welfare, providing financial assistance for establishing Ballabhgarh organized a training programme conservation breeding centre to Biological on “Different aspects of animal welfare in Park, Itanagar for Hoolock gibbon, Zoological zoos” for the lower level of personnel working Park, Kohima for Blyth tragopan, and th Sepahijala Zoological Park, Agartala for in the zoos at Ballabhgarh from 28 June – nd Clouded leopard, Pig tailed macaque, 2 July 2010. Binturong, and Phayre’s langur. The Central Zoo Authority organized Exchange/Transfer of animals by zoos training programme on “SPARKS software” at Chennai from 22-26th November 2010, and Thirty seven exchange proposals of Guwahati from 30 November – 4th December animals between Indian zoos and four 2010 for the record keepers of zoos in exchange proposals between Indian and foreign zoos have been approved by the collaboration with Arignar Anna Zoological authority during the year 2009-10. Park and Assam State Zoo Guwahati respectively for better record keeping in zoos. Maintenance of Studbooks A workshop for the zoo Biologists on The Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun “Endangered Species Management” was as assigned by the CZA; has prepared and organized at Bhubaneshwar in collaboration

72 Annual Report 2010-2011 with Nandankanan Zoological Park, of the WAZA & CBSG held at Cologne, Buhubaneshwar from 14-17th December 2010. Germany from 14-21st October 2010. A training programme for the zoo Research & Education Veterinarian on “Protocol on safety & veterinary The Central Zoo Authority has awarded care of wild animals during transportation with small grant research project to Madras special reference to deer species” was Crocodile Bank Trust, Mammalapuram for organized at Chennai in collaboration with conducting study on the anti-venom Madras Veterinary College and Arignar Anna requirement vis-à-vis handling of the snakes Zoological Park Chennai from 24-28th January with the grant of `2.845 lakh for the duration 2011. of the 5 months. The Central Zoo Authority provided The Central Zoo Authority has also financial assistance to zoos at Sarahan, approved a grant of `3.4 lakh to Association Mysore, Guwahati and Ahmedabad for of Indian Zoos and Wildlife Veterinarian, organizing two week training programme for Bareilly for the publication of Book in Hindi the Zoo Keepers on “Management of birds in on “Indian Endangered Wildlife-Management captivity with special reference to pheasants” and Conservation” with the duration of the 22 on regional basis. ten months. The Central Zoo Authority has executed Improvement of zoos an MoU with Wildlife Reserve Singapore on For the improvement of zoos, the Central human resource development, animal Zoo Authority has approved grants of `39.5 exchange, capacity building and cooperation lakhs for Children’s Park, Guindy, Chennai, on conservation issues. To this effect, Shri `33.23 lakhs for Lucknow Zoological Park, K.S.S.V.P. Reddy, Director Arignar Zoological `92.0 lakhs to Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Park and Shri A.K Bhowmick, Director `58.30 lakhs for Aizawl Zoological Park, Sepahijala Zoological Park, Agartala were Aizawl, `68.3 lakhs for Assam State Zoo, sponsored by Wildlife Reserve, Singapore in `101.82 for Biological Park, Itanagar, `36.4 its training programme on “Animal lakhs for Rajiv Gandhi Zoo, Pune, `0.89 lakh Enrichment” held from 4th -7th October 2010 for Chennai Snake Park and `23.50 for whereas the CZA has sponsored Dr. Abraham Darjeeling zoo. Mathew, Veterinarian of Singapore Zoo in its Financial matters Biologist training programme held from 14th – 17th December 2010 at Bhubaneswar. During the financial year 2010-11, total `1735 lakhs has been allotted to Central Zoo The Central Zoo Authority sponsored Dr. Authority as Grants-in-Aid from Ministry of Sudarshan Panda, Director Nandankanan Environment & Forests, Government of India. Zoological Park, Buhubaneshwar and B. K. Out of this, `1301 lakhs have been received Gogoi, Pathologist, Assam State Zoo, by CZA till January 2011. Guwahati for attending the Endangered Species Recovery Course organized by the Other activities carried out during the year Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey, UK The Central Zoo Authority has provided from 12th - 30th July, 2009. an amount of `489.52 lakhs to 7 Nos. rescue Shri. B.S. Bonal Member Secretary, centres created at Bangalore, Chennai, Central Zoo Authority attended 65th meeting Tirupathi, Visakhapatnam, Bhopal, Jaipur and

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South-Khairabari (West Bengal) for maintenance Tiger” was launched in April, 1973 with the (including feed and medicines etc.) and objective “to ensure maintenance of a viable rehabilitation of Lions and Tigers rescued from population of Tigers in India for scientific, the circuses. economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values, and to preserve for all times, areas Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun of biological importance as a national heritage Wildlife Institute of India (WII) was for the benefit, education and enjoyment of established in 1982, a premier training and the people”. research institution in the field of wildlife and Milestone achievements protected area management in South Asia, is an autonomous institute of the Ministry of Legal Steps Environment & Forests, with a 49 member WII – Amendment of the Wild Life (Protection) Society as the apex body. The Society is chaired Act, 1972 for providing enabling by the Union Minister for Environment & provisions for constitution of the National Forests, Government of India. The Institute’s Tiger Conservation Authority and the Tiger wide array of capacity building programmes and Other Endangered Species Crime provide a practical and realistic direction to Control Bureau. the concept and practice of wildlife conservation. – Enhancement of punishment in cases of offence relating to a tiger reserve or its The Institute conducted various research core area. projects, academic and training programmes during the year. The details of research and Administrative steps education programmes are given in Chapter- – Strengthening of antipoaching activities, 7 and 8 respectively. including special strategy for monsoon National Tiger Conservation Authority patrolling, by providing funding support (NTCA) to Tiger Reserve States, as proposed by them, for deployment of antipoaching Introduction and Objective squads involving ex-army personnel / The Centrally Sponsored Scheme “Project home guards, apart from workforce comprising of local people, in addition to strengthening of communication / wireless facilities. –Constitution of the National Tiger Conservation Authority with effect from 4th September, 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation by, interalia, ensuring normative standards in tiger reserve management, preparation of reserve specific tiger conservation plan, laying down annual audit report before Fig-41. Neophron percnopterus, Egyptian vulture, population Parliament, constituting State decline has to be checked level Steering Committees under

74 Annual Report 2010-2011

the Chairmanship of Chief Ministers and marks for future tiger conservation establishment of Tiger Conservation strategy. Foundation. – An area of 31407.11 sq. km. has been – Constitution of a multidisciplinary Tiger notified by 16 Tiger States (out of 17) as and Other Endangered Species Crime core or critical tiger habitat under section Control Bureau (Wildlife Crime Control 38V of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Bureau) with effect from 6th June, 2007 to as amended in 2006 (Andhra Pradesh, effectively control illegal trade in wildlife. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, – The “in-principle” approval has been Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya accorded by the National Tiger Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Orissa, Conservation Authority for creation of four Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, new tiger reserves, and the sites are: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal). The Biligiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple State of Bihar has taken a decision for Sanctuary (Karnataka), Pilibhit (Uttar notifying the core or critical tiger habitat Pradesh), Ratapani (Madhya Pradesh), (840 sq.km.). The State of Madhya Sunabeda (Orissa) and Mukundara Hills Pradesh has not identified / notified the (including Darrah, Jawahar Sagar and core / critical tiger habitat in its newly 22 Chambal Wildlife Sanctuaries) constituted tiger reserve (Sanjay National (Rajasthan). Besides, the States have been Park and Sanjay Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary). advised to send proposals for declaring Financial Steps the following areas as Tiger Reserves: (i) – Financial and technical help is provided Bor (Maharashtra), (ii) Suhelwa (Uttar to the States under various Centrally Pradesh), (iii) Nagzira-Navegaon Sponsored Schemes, viz. Project Tiger and (Maharashtra) and (iv) Satyamangalam Integrated Development of Wildlife (Tamil Nadu) Habitats for enhancing the capacity and – The revised Project Tiger guidelines have infrastructure of the States for providing been issued to States for strengthening effective protection to wild animals. tiger conservation, which apart from International Cooperation ongoing activities, interalia, include funding support to States for enhanced – India has a Memorandum of village relocation/rehabilitation package Understanding with Nepal on controlling for people living in core or critical tiger trans-boundary illegal trade in wildlife and habitats (from `1 lakh/family to `10 lakhs/ conservation, apart from a protocol on family), rehabilitation/ resettlement of tiger conservation with China. communities involved in traditional – A Global Tiger Forum of Tiger Range hunting, mainstreaming livelihood and Countries has been created for addressing wildlife concerns in forests outside tiger international issues related to tiger reserves and fostering corridor conservation. conservation through restorative strategy – During the 14th meeting of the Conference to arrest habitat fragmentation. of Parties to CITES, which was held from – A scientific methodology for estimating 3rd to 15th June, 2007 at The Hague, India tiger (including co-predators, prey animals introduced a resolution along with China, and assessment of habitat status) has been Nepal and the Russian Federation, with evolved and mainstreamed. The findings directions to Parties with operations of this estimation/assessment are bench breeding tigers on a commercial scale,

75 Ministry of Environment & Forests

for restricting such captive populations to each has been released to Corbett, a level supportive only to conserving wild Ranthambhore & Dudhwa Tiger Reserve tigers. The resolution was adopted as a for creation of STPF during 2008-09. Since decision with minor amendments. Further, then, the guidelines of the STPF have been India made an intervention appealing to revised for deploying forest personnel in China to phase out tiger farming, and place of Police as an option-II, with scope eliminate stockpiles of Asian big cats body for involving local people like the Van parts and derivatives. The importance of Gujjars. continuing the ban on trade of body parts – In collaboration with TRAFFIC-INDIA, an of tigers was emphasized. online tiger crime data base has been – Based on India’s strong intervention during launched, and Generic Guidelines for the 58th meeting of the Standing preparation of reserve specific Security Committee of the CITES at Geneva from Plan has been evolved. th th 6 to 10 July, 2009, the CITES Secretariat Recent initiatives has issued a notification to Parties to submit reports relating to compliance of – Implementing a tripartite MOU with tiger Decisions 14.69 and 14.65 within 90 days States, linked to fund flows for effective with effect from 20th October, 2009 implementation of tiger conservation (Progress made on restricting captive initiatives. breeding operations of tigers etc.). – Rapid assessment of tiger reserves done. Reintroduction of Tigers – Special crack teams sent to tiger reserves – As a part of active management to rebuild affected by left wing extremism and low Sariska and Panna Tiger Reserves where population status of tiger and its prey. tigers have become locally extinct, – Chief Ministers of tiger States addressed reintroduction of tigers / tigresses have at the level of the Minister of State been done. (Independent Charge) for Environment and – Special advisories issued for in-situ build Forests on urgent issues, viz. up of prey base and tiger population implementation of the tripartite MOU, through active management in tiger creation of the Tiger Conservation reserves having low population status of Foundation, stepping up protection etc. tiger and its prey. – Chief Ministers of States having tiger Creation of Special tiger Protection Force reserves affected by left wing extremism (STPF) and low population status of tiger and its prey addressed for taking special – The policy initiatives announced by the initiatives. Finance Minister in his Budget Speech of 29th February, 2008, interalia, contains – Steps taken for modernizing the action points relating to tiger protection. infrastructure and field protection, besides Based on the one time grant of `50.00 launching ‘M-STRIPES’ for effective field crore provided to the National Tiger patrolling and monitoring. Conservation Authority (NTCA) for raising, – Steps taken for involvement of Non- arming and deploying a Special Tiger Governmental Experts in the ongoing all Protection Force, the proposal for the said India tiger estimation. force has been approved by the competent – Special independent team sent to authority for 13 tiger reserves. `93 lakhs Similipal for assessing the status, besides

76 Annual Report 2010-2011

constituting State level Coordination Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Committee for redressing the Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya administrative problems. Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Orissa, – Issue of tiger farming and trafficking of Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, tiger body parts discussed at the level of Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal), Minister of State (Independent Charge) amounting to 31407.11 sq.km. The State for Environment and Forests with the of Bihar has taken a decision for notifying Chinese Authorities. the core or critical tiger habitat (840 sq.km.). The State of Madhya Pradesh – Action taken for amending the Wildlife has not identified / notified the core / (Protection) Act, 1972 to ensure effective critical tiger habitat in its newly constituted conservation. tiger reserve (Sanjay National Park and – Initiatives taken for improving the field Sanjay Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary). delivery through capacity building of field – In-principle approval has been accorded officials, apart from providing incentives. for creation of five more tiger reserves as – Steps taken for the independent follows:- Monitoring and Evaluation of tiger Sl. Name of State 22 reserves. No. Tiger Reserve – Action initiated for using Information 1. Ratapani Madhya Pradesh Technology to strengthen surveillance in 2. Sunabeda Orissa tiger reserves. 3. Pilibhit Uttar Pradesh – Providing special assistance for mitigation of human-tiger conflicts in problematic 4. Biligiri Ranganatha Temple Karnataka areas. 5. Mukundara Hills (including Rajasthan Darrah, Jawahar Sagar – As an outcome of the fourth Trans-border and Chambal Wildlife Consultative Group Meeting held in New Sanctuaries) Delhi, a joint resolution has been signed – Further, the following areas have been with Nepal for biodiversity / tiger suggested, by the National Tiger conservation. Conservation Authority to States, for Progress / Achievements made during creation as tiger reserves. the year Sl. Name State – Funding support provided to 39 tiger No. reserve in 17 States. 1. Satyamangalam Tamil Nadu – The 2nd All India tiger estimation based on the refined methodology has been 2. Nagzira-Navegaon Maharashtra initiated. 3. Bor Maharashtra – An area of 1093.79 sq. km. has been notified by Uttar Pradesh as the core/ 4. Suhelwa Uttar Pradesh critical tiger habitat. With this, 16 Tiger – Implementing “e-Eye” – a tool of States (out of 17) have notified the core electronic surveillance at the Corbett Tiger or critical tiger habitat under section 38V Reserve as a pilot project. of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006 (Andhra Pradesh, – As a communication strategy, a bimonthly

77 3 2 9 4 2 7 2 2 2 3 2 0 3 2 0 0 1, 2, 2, 1, Ministry of Environment & Forests 45.60 2, LohÑr tkjh jkf”k in Lakhs) ` ( 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 27.12.10 0 jkf”k 31.12.10 0 29.12.10 20.11.10 23.12.10 0 31.12.10 31.12.10 31.12.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722.10 505.21 160.00 784.40 158.00 1860.00 2000.00 1886.528 LoÑfr tkjh jkf”k 0 kb + xbZ jkf”k dh c< 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 1,886.5280 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 505.21 00 0 00 000 00 160.00 000 1,240.00 00 00 00 0 3777.00 0 2000.00 0 197.50 19.11.10 902.75 29.10.10 0 02.11.10 0 tkjh dh xbZ jkf”k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55.56 50.80 72.86 tkjh dh xbZ jkf”k ”k f jk h 27.09.10 12.10.10 29.09.10 16.09.10 12.08.10 29.09.10 28.08.10 31.08.10 03.09.10 31.08.10 23.09.10 27.09.10 23.12.10 14.09.10 03.09.10 03.09.10 26.08.10 03.09.10 03.09.10 26.08.10 26.08.10 14.09.10 17.09.10 28.09.10 20.08.10 11.08.10 09.07.10 26.08.10 19.08.10 17.09.10 6.12.10 15.09.10 29.09.10 20.08.10 20.08.10 14.09.10 17.09.10 23.08.10 23.08.10 16.08.10 d 1.000 88.750 72.834 75.500 93.970 99.892 57.090 50.000 18.08.10 0 99.352 25.000 63.588 50.382 91.304 88.920 272.720 237.850 360.610 0.33333 0 108.915 417.080 296.298 180.680 200.260 170.000 162.760 190.620 144.425 225.454 164.767 840.700 234.385 237.504 120.398 130.616 126.854 154.114 158.812 116.215 166.018 709.0261 269.7916 158.3552 [kp dh xbZ jkf”k iqu% oS/khdj.k dh jf”k 1,852.64410 13,990.32723 15,842.97133 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.320 79.490 0.000 0.004 356.080 296.880107.940 0.000369.470242.310 66.540 255.485 0.000 326.894 165.000329.154 188.367 0.000 0.000349.571 208.155 0.000 200.4305293.143 2.500 2.850 11.130 169.2565285.890 0.000178.380 1.384 0.000 216.560 23.840 114.130 0.000 12.410 1.188 0.000 19.190 0.000 7.230 0.000 168.760 112.515 0.000 1.092 733.085 515.0125 0.000 178.615 1200.770 1050.875 0.000 0.000 dh jf”k 14189.737 10436.118 9475.705 675.203 7513.14 179.22 10668.99 8076.24 45.60 Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger Amount Released during 2011-11 (as on 31.12.2010) Amount Released Tiger Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project mÙkj izns”k mÙkj izns”k jktLFkku dqqy dqqy mÙkj izns”k Table-10. Table-10. egkjk’Vª rfeyukMq if”pe caxky if”pe caxky if”pe caxky mM+hlk jktLFkku mM+hlk rfeyukMq mÙkjkapy egkjk’Vª fetksje rfeyukMq ,e- ih- egkjk’Vª egkjk’Vª egkjk’Vª ,e- ih- ,e- ih- ,e- ih- ,e- ih- vkU/kz izns”k vle v:.kkpy izns”k v:.kkpy izns”k fcgkj ,e- ih- vle vle NÙkhlx<+ NÙkhlx<+ NÙkhlx<+ >kj[k.M dukZVd dukZVd dukZVd dukZVd dsjyk dsjyk mÙkj iwoZ ¼ctV “kh’kZ&2552½ ds,eVhvkj fcuk mÙkj iwoZ ¼ctV “kh’kZ&2552½ eqnqeykbZ jaFkeHkksj Ukkxjgksy lfjLdk Iksfj;kj ikjEch dqYe Ckka/kox<+ dkUgk IkUuk IksUp VM+ksck&va/ksjh Lkkgnjh lqUnjcu Ckkanhiqj Hknzk MkaMyh va”kh lat; Mqcjh vUukeykbZ dkcsZV VkbZxj iykeÅ lÙkiqjk esy?kkV IksUp flEyhiky MEik {kfriwÆr {kfriwÆr 1½ nq/kok 2½ dVfjuk?kkV lrdksfl;k cqDlk ekuo ck?k fHkaMr banzkorh mM+Urh&lhrkunh vpudej Ekkul uesjh OkkYfedh ukxktqZulkxj Ukkenkik iDds dkthjaxk 4 538.356 410.356 0.000 0.000 3 146.014 111.212 0.000 0.2195 15 6 9 157.855 145.355 0.000 7.369 2 153.320 114.740 0.000 15.840 78 291.052 214.454 0.000 12.208 30 1044.300 887.175 0.000 0.7139 343638 403.564 342.557 519.380 357.825 514.850 0.000 453.100 50.190 4.254 48.410 0.000 1.870 29 197.520 117.660 0.000 21.294 13 16 19202125 313233 809.28035 534.105 580.060 398.88037 396.990 250.750 0.000 0.000 0.000 46.920 21.294 14.320 325.700 261.500 250.325 194.330 213.000 6567.875 126.500 235.470 807.140 159.165 0.000 124.800 0.000 0.000 86.300 0.000 7.230 27.440 0.000 11.910 222324 308.325 535.580 203.451 320.710 365.540 219.785 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 101.380 31.575 10 1826 535.095 333.355 0.000 41.230 300.634 206.950 0.000 0.7925 27 74.000 63.126 5.000 0.000 28 224.350 187.690 2043.000 0.000 39 12 14 15 17 11 78 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-11. Budget allocation of NTCA (Amount in `) S.No. Name of State Released Amounts 1 Andhra Pradesh 10891500.00 2 Arunachal Pradesh 19302010.00 3 Assam 150947200.00 4 Bihar 15835520.00 5 Chhattisgarh 158955000.00 6 Jharkhand 13061600.00 7 Karnataka 150039500.00 8 Kerala 25732200.00 9 M.P 347289200.00 10 Maharashtra 233564000.00 11 Mizoram 15015200.00 12 Orissa 78186010.00 13 Rajasthan 227586000.00 14 Tamil Nadu 46365360.00 22 15 U.P 25938500.00 16 Uttaranchal 23785000.00 17 West Bengal 41803333.00 Total 1584297133.00 N.E. 185264410.00 W.N.E 1300032723.00 Cpital 99000000.00 Total - I 1584297133.00 NTCA 143000000.00 Total - II 1727297133.00 S.NE. 240000000.00 B.NE 17735590.00 G.Total 1985032723.00

outreach journal ‘STRIPES’ is published Sariska and Panna Tiger Reserves where by the National Tiger Conservation tigers have become locally extinct, Authority. reintroduction of tigers / tigresses was continued. – During the current financial year, an amount of `8710.118 lakhs has been – Steps taken for modernizing the infrastructure and field protection, besides provided to Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, launching ‘M-STrIPES’ – a monitoring Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, system for tigers’ intensive protection and Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu for village ecological status for effective field relocation from Achanakmar, Nagarahole, patrolling and monitoring. Bandhavgarh, Kanha, Similipal, Sariska, – Joint resolution with Nepal was signed Melghat and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves. on 29th July, 2010 for transborder – As a part of active management to rebuild biodiversity and tiger conservation.

79 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– Officers participated in the International , Maharashtra , Meghalaya , Nagaland , Tiger Forum (Global Tiger Summit) at St. Orissa , Tamil Nadu , Tripura , Uttrakhand , Petersburg, Russia, where Heads of Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Government endorsed the Global Tiger Outlay for the scheme for `21.50 crores Recovery Programme for tiger conservation 2010-11 at global level. Expenditure as on 14th `20.57 crores Regulatory Acts/Rules governing the January, 2011 program and promulgation of new Acts, if any, along with the details Important Initiatives taken during the The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, is the year main regulatory Act governing the program. – A Task Force on Project Elephant under The said Act has been amended in 2006 to the Chairmanship of Prof. Mahesh provide a separate Chapter (IVB) for Rangarajan, Professor, Department of strengthening tiger conservation. History, University of Delhi was constituted Budget allocation of the scheme during in April 2010 to provide detailed the year and progress of expenditure till date recommendations to upgrade the project are given in Table-10 & 11. to bring about more effective conservation and management regime for the species Implementing organization along with in India. details The Task Force submitted its report in The Project is implemented in designated August 2010. tiger reserves through respective State Governments, as a Centrally Sponsored – The implementation of the important Scheme. recommendatios is in progress. Project Elephant – Pursuant to the Task Force recommendation , Elephant notified as Introduction and Objectives National Heritage Animal . Project Elephant (PE) was launched by the – Action initiated to constitute statutory Government of India in the year 1991-92 as “National Elephant Conservation a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with following Authority” objectives : Major recommendations of the Task Force – To protect elephants, their habitat & on Project Elephant corridors Ministry of Environment and Forests had – to address issues of man-animal conflict constituted a Task Force on Project Elephant – welfare of domesticated elephants on 15th February, 2010 with the mandate to Financial and technical support is being suggest measures for more effective provided to major elephant bearing States in conservation and management of wild and the country. The Project is being mainly captive elephants in India. The Task Force implemented in 16 States / UTs , viz. Andhra submitted its report on 31st August, 2010. Pradesh , Arunachal Pradesh , Assam , The major recommendations of the Task Force Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Karnataka , Kerala are as follows:-

80 Annual Report 2010-2011

– To declare Elephant as National Heritage Animal The Task Force is of the view that such declaration will accord elephant its due place of pride. It also recommends a) launching of “Haathi-Mere-Saathi” awareness campaign and b) starting Regional Gajah Centers for education and outreach about elephant behaviour, ecology, etc. – For Mitigation of Human-

Fig-42. Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) Elephant Conflict Task Force has recommended: – To form National Elephant Conservation Authority (NECA) – Constitution of Conflict Management 22 Task Force in identified areas The Task Force is of the view that there is consisting of Elephant Experts, a need to strengthen the organizational people’s representatives and framework for the Project Elephant so as to give more teeth and financial strength. representatives of Revenue, Forest and With creation of NECA on the line of Civil Departments. National Tiger Conservation Authority,Task – Enhancement of ex-gratia payment to Force has recommended to increase the at least Rs three lakh in case death of financial outlay of the project to `600 human life by elephants against crore in the 12th Plan against `81.99 crore current minimum rate of Rs one lakh. in the 11th Plan. This is necessary as on an average nearly – To constitute a Consortium of Elephant 400 people are killed annually by Research and Estimation (CERE) for elephants and about one million hectares designing a robust and scientific elephant of crop damage takes place affecting monitoring programme 500,000 families. Currently population estimates of – On Securing Elephant Landscapes and elephants are made at interval of five Corridors years by State Forest Departments using India is home to more than 50% of Asian traditional methods. To bring better elephant population. The elephant habitat reliability and transparency, the Task Force in India spread over 110,000 km2 which has proposed an improved three tier the Task force has divided in 10 Elephant approach for population monitoring and Landscapes. It has identified five out of also landscape assessment. This is to ten landscapes for initiating integrated be done by a consortium (CERE) of and comprehensive conservation strategy. scientists, statisticians, research institutes, universities and NGO’s. The Task Force has prioritized 88 Elephant

81 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– Training and certification of Mahouts. – Creation of life time care centers for elephants. – Creation of wildlife veterinary wing within state Forest departments. – On Anti Poaching, Trade and Ivory Issues For enhanced protection of the elephant population, the Task force has suggested: – Immediate filling of vacancies Fig-43. Elephants in Satkoshia wildlife sanctuary, a part of the frontline staff with local of Mahanadi Elephant Reserve youths. Corridors in High Ecological Priority and – Free ration /food allowance for Low Ecological Priority and has suggested frontline staff including daily watchers. notification of the corridors by respective State Governments. – Insurance cover to the front line staff involved in protection duties. It has also recommended consultation with NECA whenever any land is to be diverted – Setting up of Fast Track special courts in these landscapes and corridors for to deal with wildlife crime. developmental purposes. – On Global Lead in Elephant Conservation – Welfare of Captive Elephants The Task Force has recommended: India has nearly 3600 captive elephants. – Hosting of International Elephant The Task Force recognizing the role of Congress by India captive elephants in our culture and traditions, has suggested following – Establishing Asian Elephant Forum on measures :- the lines of the Global Tiger Forum for securing trans-boundary elephant – Strict enforcement of the existing legal provisions. landscapes. – One time amnesty to all elephant Estimation of Wild Elephants owners to declare the same for grant All India estimation of wild elephant of ownership certificate to be called population is done every 5 years . The trend guardianship certificate in future. of last four estimations clearly indicates increase – Setting up of Captive Elephant Welfare in population of wild elephants in the country. Committees (CEWCs) at state level for Next All India Estimation is due in 2012. The regular monitoring of the conditions result of last four estimations are given in of captive elephants. Table-12.

82 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-12. Estimated population of wild elephants

REGION STATE ELEPHANT POPULATION 1993 1997 2002 2007

North-East Arunachal 2102 1800 1607 1690 Assam 5524 5312 5246 5281 Meghalaya 2872 1840 1868 1811 Nagaland 178 158 145 152 Mizoram 15 22 33 12 Manipur 50 30 12 Nil Tripura 100 70 40 59 West Bengal (North) 186 250 292 300-350 Total for 11027 9482 9243 9305-9355 22 North-East 22 East West Bengal (South) 14 26 36 25 Jharkhand 550 618 772 624 Orissa 1750 1800 1841 1862 Chattisgarh - - - 122 Total for East 2314 2444 2649 2633 North Uttarakhand (*part of 828* 1130* 1582 1346 earstwhile UP ) U.P. 47 70 85 380 Total for 875 1200 1667 1726 North South Tamilnadu 2307 2971 3052 3867 Karnataka 5500 6088 5838 4035 Kerala 3500 3600 3850 6068 Andhra Pradesh 46 57 74 28 Maharashtra - - - 7 Total for 11353 12716 12814 14005 South Islands Andaman & Nicobar 35 35 40 NA Grand Total 25604 25877 26413 27669-27719

83 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Elephant Reserves operating at various places, their number is not adequate and the facilities provided are With the notification of Uttar Pradesh insufficient. This scheme endeavours to fill Elephant reserve in the year 2009, the total this gap and provide requisite services for the number of Elephant Reserves (ERs) in the care and protection of uncared for animals country has become 27 where as permission by making provision for establishment and for five more Elephant Reserves - Baitarini ER maintenance of shelter houses to various & South Orissa ER in Orissa, Lemru & NGOs, Animal Welfare Organisations Badalkhod in Chattisgarh and Khasi ER in (AWOs), Goshalas etc.Under this Scheme, the Meghalaya has been accorded by the Ministry. AWOs are assisted to the extent of 90% of The area under these would be extending over the project cost of the construction of a shelter about 69582 sq km. The list of ERs with date house with a ceiling of `25 lakhs including of Notification and area is given in Table-13 10% contribution to be made by the AWOs. Animal Welfare The amount is released in two equal installments. `4.00 crore was provided under The AWBI (Animal Welfare Board of India) the scheme during 2010-2011 for construction Plan Scheme relates to provision of assistance of shelter house. for the following type of activities: Financial Scheme for Animal Birth Control (ABC) assistance to Animal Welfare Organisations and Immunization of stray dogs for maintaining the stray animals in distress and for their treatment (Financial assistance Keeping in view the overpopulation of based on the number of animals kept for stray dogs (extended 20 million) throughout their fodder, water, minor treatment etc); the country and also the increase of human Human Education Programmes for the welfare / animal deaths due to Rabies, this scheme is being implemented by the Animal Welfare of animals; Capital expenditure at the Board’s Board of India to facilitate sterilization and Headquarters i.e. expenditure on non-recurring immunization of stray dogs through the NGOs items such as purchase of Assets/equipments; including SPCAs throughout the country. The Expenditure on a variety of other animal Local Governments/Municipal bodies are also welfare activities such as Rescue of Cattle from showing increased keenness to become illegal smuggling and transportation; stakeholders in the programme. Presently rehabilitation of rescued circus animals Lab several Municipalities (such as Delhi, Greater Animals; Inspections, legal expenses in Hyderabad) has entered MOU with AWBI to connection with court cases pertaining to tackle the population with the objective to animal welfare; Mobile Clinics. make the country “Rabies free”. There is an Scheme for Provision of Shelter Houses urgent need to expand this scheme to cover more Metros & rural areas to address the for animals issue effectively. Under the scheme, the norms There are a large number of animals in for financial assistance are at `370/- per dog our country without proper shelter especially for pre & post operative care including in Goshalas/Pinjrapoles. A number of them medicines & ARV and `75/- per dog for are not cared for and are left in the streets, catching and relocation of dog (Total `445/ either wounded or suffering from various - per dog). An assistance of `3.60 crore diseases. Though there are shelter houses was provided under the scheme.

84 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-13. List of Elephant Reserves

Sl.No. Elephant Elephant Reserve with date of State Total Area Range notification (Sq. Km) I Eastern India 1. Mayurjharna W. Bengal 414 (South West ER (24.10.02) Bengal- 2. Singhbhum ER (26.9.01) Jharkhand 4530 Jharkhand 3. Mayurbhanj ER (29.9.01) Orissa 3214 -Orissa) 4. Mahanadi ER (20.7.02) Orissa 1038 5. Sambalpur ER (27.3.02) Orissa 427 6. Baitarni ER# Orissa 1755 7. South Orissa ER# Orissa 4216 8. Lemru # Chattisgarh 450 9. Badalkhol-Tamorpingla- # Chattisgarh 1048.30 Total 17092.30 II North 10. Kameng ER (19.6.02) Arunachal 1892 Brahamputra 11. Sonitpur ER (6.3.03) Assam 1420 (Arunachal-Assam) Total 3312 III South 12. Dihing-Patkai Assam 937 Brahamputra ER (17.4.03) (Assam- 13. South Arunachal Arunachal 1957.50 Arunachal) ER( 29-2-08 ) Total 2894.50 IV Kaziranga 14. Kaziranga – Karbi Assam 3270 22 (Assam- Anglong ER (17.4.03) Nagaland) 15. Dhansiri-Lungding ER (19.4.03) Assam 2740 16. Intanki ER (28.2.05) Nagaland 202 Total 6212 V Eastern Dooars 17. Chirang-Ripu ER (7.3.03) Assam 2600 (Assam- W. Bengal) 18. Eastern Dooars W. Bengal 978 ER (28.8.02) Total 3578 VI E. Himalayas 19 Garo Hills Meghalaya 3,500 (Meghalaya) ER (31.10.01) 20. Khasi Hills ER# Meghalaya 1331 Total 4831 VII Nilgiri 21. Mysore ER (25.11.02) Karnataka, 6724 –Eastern Ghat 22. Wayanad ER (2.4.02) Kerala 1200 (Karnataka- 23. Nilgiri ER (19.9.03) Tamilnadu 4663 Kerala- 24. Rayala ER (9.12.03) Andhra 766 Tamilnadu- Andhra Andhra) Total 13353 VIII South Nilgiri 25. Nilambur ER (2.4.02) Kerala 1419 (Kerala- Tamilnadu 26. Coimbatore ER (19.9.03) Tamilnadu 566 Total 1985 IX Western Ghat 27. Anamalai ER (19.9.03) Tamilnadu 1457 (Tamilnadu- Kerala) 28. Anamudi ER (2.4.02) Kerala 3728 Total 5185 X Periyar 29. Periyar (2.4.02) Kerala 3742 (Kerala- 30. Srivilliputtur ER(19.9.03) Tamilnadu 1249 Tamilnadu) Total 4991 XI Northern India 31. Shivalik ER (28.10.02) Uttaranchal 5405 (Uttaranchal- UP) 32. Uttar Pradesh ER (9.9.09) U.P. 744 Total 6149 TOTAL 69582.80

85 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Scheme for provision of Ambulance otherwise the animals would perish. Apart Services to Animals in Distress from this, financial assistance is also provided under the scheme for providing relief to the Under this Scheme, Ambulance/Rescue animals affected during natural calamities and Vehicles are provided to AWOs Gaushalas for relief to animals rescued from illegal working in the field of animal welfare. The transportation, slaughter, circuses etc. ambulance services are to be used for the following purposes: Animal Welfare Division also handles following two schemes: – to ensure that immediate treatment / first aid is given to sick, injured stray / – Committee for Purpose of Control and abandoned animals; Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) – to act as an outreach to help the poor people whose animals are involved in – National Institute of Animal Welfare accidents or affected with disease and (NIAW) are immobile; Committee for Purpose of Control & – to act as mobile clinic to hold camps Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) where animals in a village can be vaccinated and treated; The main objective of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA), 1960 is to – to pick up unwanted or hostile animals prevent infliction of unnecessary pain or from human habitations; suffering on animals. Accordingly, the – to implement the ABC/AR programme by Committee for Purpose of Control and collecting dogs and then releasing them Supervision of Experiments on Animals after sterilization and immunization; (CPCSEA) has been constituted under provisions of Section 15 of this Act. The Act Under this scheme the AWOs/Gaushalas provides for the duties and powers of the are assisted to the extent of 90% project cost CPCSEA, and also penalties, in event of for purchase of a suitable vehicle and contravention of orders made, or conditions equipment, modifications and fittings thereon. imposed by the Committee. The mandate of The maximum amount of grant-in-aid is the Committee is to ensure that while limited to `3.50 lakhs for purchase of the conducting various types of experiments, in vehicle and `1.00 lakhs for equipment, connection with medical research or education, modification and fittings thereon. ` 2.00 crore animals are not subjected to avoidable pain was provided during 2010-11 for the purpose. or suffering. The CPCSEA functions within the ambit of the PCA Act, and Rules framed under Scheme for Relief to Animals during Natural it, e.g., Rules for Breeding of and Experiments Calamities and Unforeseen Circumstances on Animals (Control and Supervision), 1998 We face natural calamities every year in as amended. the form of floods, cyclones, droughts and CPCSEA has been reconstituted on 11th earthquakes. In such circumstances there is November, 2010 as a committee of experts an immediate requirement for the provision from several areas, including medicine, of relief to affected animals by providing veterinary science, pharmaceuticals, fodder, adequate shelter, medical attention biotechnology, biostatistics, animal behavior

86 Annual Report 2010-2011 and ethics. Apart from this, representative of July, 2011, for different Universities. During NGOs/AWOs are also associated with this period 700 students, 95 personnel of CPCSEA. A total of 1401 institutions have Paramilitary forces / Zoo personnel and 111 been registered by CPCSEA and 492 CPCSEA NGOs / AWOs have successfully completed nominees have been appointed to assist the different type(s) of training at NIAW. The Committee in its functions. During this financial other major initiative taken is to impart year, 165 project proposals on large animals practical training, capacity building and have been considered and 25 have been Clinical skill upgradation of Veterinary Doctors approved and 5 large animal house facilities and Para Veterinary staff through Project Vet- have been approved. Regional National train under collaboration with Vet Beyond Conference of CPCSEA was conducted at Borders, Australia. Similarly, students/teachers Kolkata in West Bengal in April, 2010 and of Germany under Indian Cultural Exchange financial assistance was given to CDRI, programme are also facilitated for their project Lucknow and NIN, Hyderabad to conduct work under the School training programme of Conference on Animal Ethics. NIAW. NIAW has undertaken Extension National Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW) programme for villagers in U.P. and Haryana also. 22 The National Institute of Animal Welfare Programme issues and possible options (NIAW) has been set up as a subordinate office of the Ministry of Environment and The thrust areas that require focus are Forests. The objective of NIAW is to impart described below: training and education in Animal Welfare on Rabies is one of the most dreadful a diversified basis comprising, among other infectious diseases affecting both human beings things, animal management, their behavior and animals. Rabies is prevalent throughout and ethics. The aim is to create an enabling India except the islands of Lakshadweep and environment for fulfillment of the statutory Andaman & Nicobar but has a low public requirements as laid down in the Prevention health priority. Considering that Rabies is fully of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. NIAW has preventable disease and the huge expenditure been conceptualized as an apex body in the incurred on post-exposure vaccination both in field of animal welfare and its broad mandate humans as well as animals, there is an urgent covers the need to improve animal welfare need to control and finally eradicate this through education, research and public dreaded disease from India as has been outreach. The Institute has been operational achieved by several European countries as since January, 2006. well as South East Asian countries like Malaysia NIAW is conducting different training and Singapore. courses ( In-service/ Internship training/ Capacity building) for the different Stakeholders The AWBI is currently the only agency ( Personnel from BSF/ ITBP/CZA, B.VSc. which is involved in controlling the population Students; Dog Catchers/Gaushala Personnels/ of stray/community dogs through Animal Birth Hon. Animal Welfare Officers) associated with Control (ABC) Programme and administering implementation of various animal welfare anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) to them in some schemes/ rules. As per the Guidelines of metros of the country. At present approximately VCI, the internship training programme for 1,00,000 dogs per year are sterilized/ 2010-11 started from November, 2010 to immunized which is grossly inadequate, with

87 Ministry of Environment & Forests an estimated population of 20 million street Capacity Building – Gaushalas & ABC dogs. Under the Animal Birth Control scheme, The country’s large population of stray/ the norms for financial assistance are at abandoned cattle is supported by a network `370/- per dog for pre & post operative care of Gaushalas and Pinjrapoles, which are in including medicines & ARV and `75/- per turn get of supported by AWBI. A number of dog for catching and relocation of dog (Total these Gaushalas have been set up by `445/- per dog). philanthropist individuals and groups, and do WHO has also recommended controlling need capacity building and management the population of dogs through ABC/AR support, what is provided by AWBI to the programme rather than killing them, which extent possible. does not go well with our cultural ethos of CPCSEA love and compassion for animals. This policy It is proposed to step up the level of also supports rules framed under Prevention activities undertaken by CPCSEA in terms of of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. (ABC Dogs – Expansion of the coverage of Institutions, Rules-2001). which are registered with CPCSEA; An ambitious programme (Rabies free – Emphasis on inspections of animal house India) of this nature will require appropriate facilities throughout the country; support by providing additional allocations – Ensure engagement of CPCSEA nominees, for Central Sector Scheme or Animal Birth on target Institutional Animals Ethics Control. Committees of various institutions; Table-14. Budget of 2010-11 and proposed BE for 2011-12 for Animal Welfare Programme

Outlay Quantifiable Achievement till BE 2011-12 Quantifiable (In deliverables 31.12.2010 (in crores) deliverables crores) AWBI Plan 11.18 800 AWO’s 687 10 900 assisted Shelter House 4.00 44 Shelter 17 shelters 8 44 (34 AWOs) ABC Scheme 3.60 84000 ABC’s 52214 4.50 110000

Ambulance Scheme 2.00 45 Ambulances 30 3 45 Natural Calamity 0.32 Cannot be fixed Fund released 0.50 Can not be in the event of fixed Natural Calamity Committee for the 0.35 Cannot be fixed 67establishments 0.50 Can not be Purpose of Control were registered, fixed and Supervision of 25 proposals Experiments on approved for Animal (CPCSEA) experiments,3 Animal House Facilities approved

Nation Institute of 2.55 26 Training 17 Courses 2.50 26 Training Animal Welfare Courses (Completed Courses

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– Imparting training to these CPCSEA – Introduction of specialized training in a nominees; phased manner with induction of faculty – Increasing the focus on public outreach installation of equipment, upgradation of by way of publications, media coverage facilities (including provision for new and seminars, with special emphasis on hostels) as also functioning of an animal the scientific community, which relies on hospital and first-aid service through use of animals in experimentation. Mobile clinic. – Undertaking the information, education – Activities to undertake Information, and communication activities (Seminar communication and Education to all the and other awareness programme) stakeholders National Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW) The budget of 2010-11 and proposed The Institute need to focus on activities as BE for 2011-12 alongwith physical target is following: summarized Table - 14. – Scope and number of trainings. The enhanced amount asked in BE 2011- – Practical training for capacity building and 12 is due to inflation and extra quantifiable Clinical up gradation of Veterinary deliverables (Physical Targets) against plan 22 Doctors/ Para Veterinary staff scheme and ABC Schemes.

Fig-44. Target/ Achievement for the Year 2009-10 and 2010-11 of National Institute of Animal Welfare (NIAW) (upto 31.12.2010)

89 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig-45. Target/ Achievement for the Year 2009-10 and 2010-11 of CPCSEA (upto 31.12.2010)

90 CHAPTER-3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Ministry of Environment & Forests

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Environmental Clearance to Environment Impact Assessment Developmental Projects Notification 2006 As per the provisions of the EIA The rapid industrial development in the Notification 2006, several meetings of the country has increased manifold, the chances Expert Appraisal Committees were convened of adversely affecting the environment unless by the Ministry during the year for appraisal timely, adequate, corrective and protective of “A” category projects from sectors of “A” mitigative measures are taken to minimize or category projects from sectors of industry, neutralize those adverse impacts on thermal power, infrastructure, river valley, environment. The Ministry of Environment and mining and “B” category projects from Forests has used Environment Impact construction sector where Sate Environment Assessment Notification 2006 as a tool to Impact Assessment Authority has not been regulate rapid industrial development of the constituted. As part of appraisal process the country for minimizing the adverse impact on Expert Appraisal Committees also visited environment and reversing the trends which project sites for obtaining first hand information may lead to climate change in long run. about the ground level realities and response of people living in the vicinity. Environmental In the re-engineered Environment Impact clearance was accorded to four hundred and Assessment (EIA) Notification of September twelve projects and Term of Reference (TOR) 2006, projects were categorized into category to seven hundred and eighty eight projects ‘A’ and category ‘B’ depending on their (between April to December, 2010). The sector threshold capacity and likely pollution potential wise list of environmental clearances and TOR and were appraised for prior environmental issued to the projects by the Ministry is given clearance at the Central and the State level in Table-15. respectively. Further the notification provided Constitution of State Environment Impact for screening, scoping, public consultation and Assessment Authorities (SEIAA) appraisal. For appraisal of category ‘B’ projects and activities, State Level Environment The Ministry has constituted so far twenty Impact Assessment Authorities [SEACs] have five Sate/UT level Environment Impact been constituted. Assessment Authorities [SEIAAs] under sub- section[3] of section 3 of the Environment Amended EIA Notification 2009 [protection] Act, 1986 for appraisal of all ‘B’ With a view to further simplify the Category projects and activities notifies in the procedure for obtaining the environmental EIA Notification 2006. During the year SEIAA clearance without compromising or diluting for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh the regulatory framework, the EIA notification and West Bengal States have been has been amended in December, 2009. The reconstituted. amended EIA Notification of December, 2009 Post Project Monitoring of Environment provides for exemption of biomass based Clearance Conditions power plants up to 15 MW, power plants based on non hazardous municipal solid waste Monitoring of projects with respect to and power plants based on waste heat conditions stipulated in the environmental recovery boilers without using auxiliary fuel. clearance issued under EIA Notification 2006

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Table-15. Status of Environment Clearance and TOR issued to Developmental Projects (April 2010- December 2010) Status Industry Thermal River Mining Infrastructure & Total of Projects Valley Miscellaneous EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR EC TOR Cleared 173 377 33 105 5 26 97 221 114 59 412 788

Pending 91 119 25 77 12 13 117 150 84 10 329 369

Rejected - 7 - - - - 1 6 1 - 2 13 /Returned

Note: EC – Environment Clearance TOR – Terms of Reference and Coastal Regulation Zone 1991 is carried to these regional offices, also examines the out through the six Regional Offices. The monitoring reports submitted by Regional Monitoring report is scrutinized in the Ministry Offices. In cases of major non compliances 33 and on that basis appropriate action is further follow up action is taken for effecting contemplated under the Environment compliances including issues of show causes (Protection) Act, 1986 for violation of notice followed by Directions on case to case environmental clearance conditions. A basis. procedure has been laid down for issuing Recognizing the need to strengthen the show cause notice, closure of industry etc. In monitoring mechanism and to make it more September 2009 which is placed on the effective, the existing procedure of monitoring website of the Ministry. is being revised by a committee constituted The objectives of the Post Project under the Chairmanship of Additional Clearance Monitoring are (i) to ensure that Secretary. The Committee based on its actions has been taken to incorporate the deliberating have prepared a draft Approach environmental safeguards during the project paper which was put on the website of MoEF cycle in accordance with the conditions for inviting Comments from all concerned for stipulated in the Environment Clearance letter; finalization of its report. and (ii) to take appropriate corrective measures Accredition of the EIA consultants with to adverse impact on environment during Quality Council of India (QCI)/National operation of the respective projects. The six Accredition Board of Education and Regional Offices of MoEF carry out monitoring Training (NABET) of the projects. The Category ‘B’ projects which have been accorded environmental clearance The Environment Appraisal of by the SEIAAs/SEACs are also monitored for Development projects is undertaken as per compliance of their EC conditions. Till the provisions of the Environment impact November, 2010, six hundred four projects Assessment Notification, 2006 based on the have been monitored by the regional offices EIA/EMP Reports prepared by the project of the Ministry. The monitoring cell in the proponents in assistance with their Consultants. Ministry, besides providing policy guidelines The good quality EIA Reports are pre-requisite

93 Ministry of Environment & Forests for improved decision making. Therefore, all It was also decided that all proposal the Consultants/public Sector Undertakings relating to thermal power projects, steel, (PSUs) / Universities & Research Institutes sponge iron which are pending in the working in the area of Environment Impact Ministry or with the State Level Environment Assessment are required to get themselves Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAAs) / registered under the scheme of Accredition State Expert Appraisal Committees and Registration of the National Accredition (SEACs) concerned for consideration of Board of Education and Training (NABET) environmental clearance shall be deferred and the Quality Council of India (QCI) by and delisted till the status of environment 30th June, 2011. No EIA/EMP Reports and forestry clearance of the coal supply prepared by such Consultants who are not source for Indian coal or the MoU for registered with NABET/QCI shall be imported coal has been established and considered by the Ministry after 30th June, furnished. 2011. After accredition, the Consultants would – Consideration of expansion thermal need to include a certificate in this regard in power projects EIA/EMP Reports prepared by them and data provided by other Oragnisations/ Laboratories It has been noticed that a number of including their status of approvals etc. The expansion projects in thermal power sector EIA Consultants are advised to see further are being received in the Ministry seeking clarifications on the website of NABET/QCI terms of reference for undertaking further (www.qcin.org). expansion when either the environmental clearance for the earlier proposal is yet Major Policy decisions taken during the to be granted or has recently been year granted. – Firm coal linkage In view of the above, it has been decided A major policy decision regarding that the proposal for expansion of projects requirement of firm coal linkage indicating to which environmental clearance has source of coal and its characteristics was been granted can be considered only once taken on 1st November, 2010. The policy the implementation for the earlier phase decision taken prescribes that henceforth has commenced. In case environmental all project proposals relating to thermal clearance for the earlier proposal is yet power projects, steel, sponge iron and to be accorded, the project proponent any other such projects, which are largely shall apply fresh and submit a dependent on availability of coal as a comprehensive proposal for the entire raw material, shall be considered only project by clubbing all the phases so that after firm coal linkage is available and the environmental issues could be the status of environment and forestry addressed holistically. clearance of the coal block is known. In Coal Mining Sector case of projects which are based on imported coal, a copy of firm MoU signed The Ministry has been considering coal between the coal supplier and the project Mining projects of Jharia Coalfields and proponent shall be required. Raniganj Coalfields based on cluster approach

94 Annual Report 2010-2011 which includes existing mines, closed mines, These Manuals are proposed to serve as abandoned mines and proposed mines in the Guidance Manuals to various Sector specific two coalfields. An Integrated EIA-EMP is to Expert Appraisal Committees at the Centre be prepared for the cluster of mines bringing and to State/UT Environmental Impact out the present status of mines in Cluster IX Assessment Authorities (SEIAAs) and State Level as above- status of environmental quality and Expert Appraisal Committees (SEACs) in the the extent of pollution load from each mine various States, who have been assigned the and the combined pollution load from the task of screening, scoping and appraisal of cluster of mines that would be reduced by projects of various sectors for grant of taking suitable mitigative measures for the environmental clearance (EC). These Manuals individual mines and the expected would help in standardisation of the quality of improvement in the environmental quality of appraisal and in further harmonization in the mines in the cluster and within the coalfield appraisal of projects by EACs/SEACs/SEIAAs after the implementation of the measures in granting ECs for various projects at the through an Integrated Environmental Plan Central and State level. The Manuals for each formulated on the aforesaid basis. The sector is to include Model TORs, technological 33 Environmental Management Plan for each 33 options, processes for a cleaner production, cluster would dovetail the plan for addressing waste minimisation, monitoring of subsidence and fire control and resettlement environmental quality, related regulations, and of habitation from unstable sites and fire procedure of obtaining EC if linked to other affected areas in the Jharia Coalfields under clearances etc. the Jharia Action Plan and subsidence and rehabilitation of habitation from unstable areas The ten sector specific EIA Manuals in the Raniganj Coalfields under the Raniganj prepared by ASCI such as Mining, Airports, Action Plans. Ports & Harbours, Nuclear Power etc. are on the MOEF website. Also, the twenty seven EIA Manuals Sector specific EIA Manuals prepared by IL&FS The environmental clearances process such as Thermal Power, Distilleries, Oil & Gas under implementation prior to 2006, had transportation pipeline, Oil Refineries, highlighted the need to introduce specific Petrochemical plants, Ship Breaking Yards etc. processes/categories/activities and also the are uploaded on the MOEF website. To keep need to introduce new sectors such as pace with changing technologies and needs construction, coal washery, etc to be brought of sustainable development, the manuals would in the ambit of the EC process based on their require regular updating in the future. The extent of impact on environment. The Ministry Manuals have been uploaded on the website of Environment & Forests engaged two to not only give wider dissemination to all consultants – for the preparation of thirty seven stakeholders – Governmental and non- EIA Sector specific Manuals -Administrative governmental, project proponents and Staff College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad and consultants involved in the environmental the IL&FS Ecosmart Ltd., to prepare ten and clearance process and experts from academia twenty seven Sector Specific Manuals and concerned sectoral intuitions, industry respectively for the various sectors/activities associations and the local communities where listed in the EIA Notification 2006. projects are to come up on the EIA Notification

95 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Danbad for Goa is have been finalized alongwith an MoU for executing the project for a period of two years. Similarly the proposal from NEERI, Nagpur for Bellary-Hospet is being examined for initiating the study. Coastal Regulation Zone and Society of Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM) The Ministry has initiated the World Bank assisted Integrated Coastal

Fig-46. Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, need protection from poachers Zone Management (ICZM) project with a budget 2006 but also to enhance transparency on outlay of `1155.63crores (US $ 262 million). the EC process. To implement the above project, Society of Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM) has Study on carrying capacity based been established as a registered body. The planning for proposed development in SICOM office was inaugurated by Shri Jairam Goa and Bellary-Hospet. Ramesh, Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) for Since the notification of EIA, 2006 a large Environment and Forests on 15th September, number of environmental clearances have been 2010 located at No.9, Institutional Area, Lodhi accorded for industrial, infrastructure and Road, New Delhi – 110 003. This Society will mining projects all over the country. However, be implementing the above ICZM projects the air and water quality data in various which has got four major components namely, regions across the country including Bellary- (i) National Coastal Management Programme, Hospet region has been showing a declining and three ICZM projects in three States namely, trend. The need to carry out regional carrying Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal. capacity study was therefore felt and it was Under the National component the decided that to begin with we may carry out demarcation of the hazard line has been regional EIA study for Goa and Bellary-Hospet assigned to Survey of India for mapping the region in Karnataka. entire coastline of the mainland coast of the The Indian School of Mines (ISM), country based on tides, waves, sea level rise Dhanbad shall carry out the study for Goa and shoreline changes. In order to build a and the National Environmental Engineering capacity in the country in the area of coastal research Instiute (NEERI), Nagpur shall carry management a National Centre for out for Bellary-Hospet, Karnataka. The Sustainable Coastal Management has been proposed study to be carried out by ISM, set up within Anna University, Chennai. The

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Centre would address the issues relating to resources having “Incomparable Values” which research, development and extension in the require special attention for their conservation. area of coastal management including The Ministry has already notified Ecologically– addressing issues of coastal communities. sensitive areas in respect of Matheran, Further, two major initiatives have been Mahableshwar-Panchgani, Kaziranga National undertaken by SICOM which includes Park, Murud-Janjira and Dahanu Taluka under implementing an Integrated Coastal Zone the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Zonal Management Project at Dandi and surrounding Master Plan / Area Development Plan for all villages and at Vedaranyam keeping in view notified / to be notified environmentally the historical importance of salt satyagraha sensitive areas would be prepared by the undertaken in these two villages by Mahatma concerned State Governments as per the Gandhi and Shri Rajaji,respectively. provisions of the said respective notifications With regard to the Integrated Coastal involving local communities / experts and shall Zone Management projects in the State the be approved by the Ministry for regulating ICZM project is beign implemented at Gulf of development activities and protection and Kachchh in Gujarat (`298 crores), Paradip- conservation of Entities of Incomparable Values. 33 Monitoring Committees with representatives of 33 Dhamra and Gopalpur-Chilka stretch in Orissa (`202crores) and Digha-Shankarpur and Sagar Government, Experts and local representatives islands in West Bengal (`300 crores). The State as per the notifications would be constituted components address the issues relating to to ensure compliance of approved Zonal coastal management including improving Master Plans / Area Development Plan. livelihood of the local communities, disaster Programmes / achievements made mitigation and promoting sustainable during the year alternative livelihoods. – Areas around National Parks / Sanctuaries The Ministry had issued the draft Island in Haryana are considered for the Protection Zone (IPZ) Notification in 25th declaration as Eco-Sensitive Zones and February, 2010 and the draft Coastal the Draft Notifications in respect of Kalesar Regulation Zone Notification, 2010 on 15th National Park, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary, September, 2010. After a series of discussions Khol Hi Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary, Bir with the stakeholders prior to issue of the Shikargarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Nahar above draft Notifications and holding Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhilchhila Wildlife consultations with fishermen associations the Sanctuary, Abubshaher Wildlife Sanctuary, above two Notifications have been finalized Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary and and issued on 6th January, 2011 as Coastal Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary are under Regulation Zone Notification, 2011 and IPZ consideration. Notification, 2011. These two Notifications – Areas around National Parks / Sanctuaries superceede the CRZ Notification, 1991. in Assam are considered for the Ecologically Sensitive Areas declaration as Eco-Sensitive Zones and the Draft Notifications in respect of Introduction Kaziranga National Park, Bordoibam Environmentally Sensitive Zones may be Beelmukh Bird Sanctuary and Panidehing defined as areas with identified environmental Wildlife Sanctuary are in process.

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– Areas around National Parks / and the Draft Notification in respect of Sanctuaries in Gujarat are considered for Murlen National Park and Pualreng the declaration as Eco-Sensitive Zones and Wildlife Sanctuary of Mizoram are in the Draft Notifications in respect of Girnar process. Wildlife Sanctuary, Narayan Sarovar – Declaration of approx. one hundred thirty Sanctuary, Purna Wildlife Sanctuary and Balaram-Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary are five k.m. stretch from Gaumukh to in process. Uttarkashi as Eco-sensitive zone in Uttarakhand is under consideration. – Areas around National Parks / Sanctuaries in Mizoram are considered – The draft Notification to declare Dandi for the declaration as Eco-Sensitive Zones as Eco-Sensitive Zone has been published.

98 CHAPTER-4 ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION Ministry of Environment & Forests

Control of Pollution quality has been, therefore, an issue of Introduction social concern in the backdrop of various developmental activities. The norms for The concern for environmental quality has ambient air quality have been revisited become the top most issue in the present and various industry specific emissions scenario of rising population increasing standards are evolved afresh or revisited urbanization, industrial and vehicular pollution and notified from time to time. For control as well as pollution of water courses due to of air pollution, with a view to initiate discharge of effluents without conforming to policy measures and to prepare ambient the environmental norms and standards. air quality management plans, 446 Realising this trend of pollution in various ambient air quality monitoring stations environmental media like air, water, soil, etc. are operational covering 182 cities/towns, The Ministry earlier adopted Policy for industrial areas in 26 States and five Union Abatement of Pollution in 1992, which Territories. Presently, only the criteria provides multi-pronged strategies in the form pollutants namely; sulphur dioxide (SO ), of regulations, legislation, agreements, fiscal 2 nitrogen dioxides (NO ) and fine incentives and other measures to prevent and 2 particulate matter (PM ) are monitored abate pollution. To give effect to various 10 under National Ambient Air Monitoring measures and policies for pollution control, Programme (NAMP) by the Pollution various steps have been initiated which, include Control Boards, Pollution Control stringent regulations, development of Committees, Universities and Research environmental standards & periodical revision Institutes. Besides, additional parameters therein, control of vehicular pollution, control for other toxic trace matters and polycyclic of air & water pollution, abatement and aromatic hydrocarbons are also being prevention of noise pollution, spatial monitored in selected cities of the country. environmental planning, identification of Installation of automatic air quality critically polluted areas and improvement monitoring stations is undertaken for plans therein, etc. The Government also twenty nine cities for continuous adopted National Conservation Strategy and monitoring. The continuous monitoring Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992. Afterwards, the has been introduced in twenty seven cities Government adopted the National Environment namely; Agra, Ahmedabad, Bangaluru, Policy (NEP- 2006) which seeks to extend the Chandrapur, Chennai, Cuddalore, Delhi, coverage, and fill in gaps that still exists, in Durgapur, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, light of present knowledge and accumulated Haldia, Howrah, Hyderabad, Jaipur, experience. This policy does not displace, but Jharia, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kolkata, builds on the earlier policies of the Lucknow, Mumbai, Panipat, Patna, Pune, Government. It lays emphasis on many new Solapur, Tuticorin, Vadodara and issues. Varanasi. A total of 81 manual monitoring stations have been added in the network Progress of Activities Undertaken under under NAMP during 2010-11. various programmes are as follows: – The Government has published a Control of Air Pollution notification on the Revised National – The air pollution and the resultant air Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009 quality can be attributed to emissions from (NAAQS-2009) in the official Gazette on transportation, i.e. road, rail and airways, 16th November, 2009. These ambient air industrial and domestic activities. The air quality standards/ limits provide a legal

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framework for the control of air pollution enunciated an Auto Fuel Policy which aims and the protection of public health. to comprehensively and holistically address – In furtherance of these Standards, the the issues of vehicular emissions, vehicular CPCB is in the process of creating a road- technologies and auto fuel quality in a map for the generation and maintenance cost-efficient manner while ensuring the of a monitoring of required infrastructure security of fuel supply. The Government and for the development of protocols. has also published Gazette Notification vide G.S.R. 84(E) on 9th February 2009 – The monitored ambient air quality data for introducing Bharat Stage IV and III during the year while comparing with norms, as applicable, for new vehicles in revised (NAAQS-2009) indicates that the selected cities. The Policy objectives annual average levels of Sulphur Dioxide include ensuring sustainable, safe, (SO ) are within the prescribed air quality 2 affordable and uninterrupted supply of norms across the country and that of auto fuels; optimum utilization of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO ) are within norms 2 infrastructure for import of crude and crude in most of the cities. However, the levels products, processing and production, and of fine particulate matter (PM10) exceed the prescribed norms in many cities the storage and transportation; assessing including Delhi. PM and NO are the the future trends in emissions and air 4 10 2 emerging air pollutants. quality requirements from view point of public health; adopting such vehicular Assistance for Abatement of Pollution emission standards that will be able to – Under this scheme, grants are being make a decisive impact on air quality provided to the State Pollution Control etc. The Policy provides for a road map Boards/UT Pollution Control Committees, for reduction in vehicular emission norms Environment Department, Central/State for new vehicles as well as for reduction Research Institutes, and other government of pollution from in-use vehicles. It also agencies/organizations with the aim of sets standards for quality of fuel and other strengthening their technical capabilities kits. The road map for new vehicles given to achieve the objectives of the Policy in Table-16. Statement. Assistance is also provided to Source Apportionment Studies North Eastern Pollution Control Boards & Pollution Control Committees as salary – Due to multiplicity and complexity of air support for the technical staff. In addition, polluting sources, apportionment of support is also extended for undertaking contribution to ambient air pollution from projects for Abatement of Pollution. these sources is important for planning cost effective pollution control strategies. – During the 11th Plan period, financial In view of this, a study on “Air Quality outlay is to the tune of `45.00 crore and Assessment, Emission Inventory/Source the financial allocation for the current Apportionment Studies for Indian Cities” financial year is `5.00 crore. has been undertaken by the Government. – Financial assistance has been extended to fifteen State Pollution Control Boards/ – To evaluate contribution from various UT Pollution Control Committees during sources to air quality, Source the financial year. Apportionment Study (SAS) has been completed for six cities namely; Delhi, Auto Fuel Policy Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Pune and – The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Kanpur involving the institutions like (MoP & NG), Government of India has National Environmental Engineering

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Table-16. New Auto Fuel Policy Coverage Passenger Cars, light 2/3 wheelers commercial vehicles & heavy duty diesel vehicles Entire country Bharat Stage II (Euro II Bharat Stage III equivalent) 01.04.2005 (Euro III equivalent) 01.04.2005 Bharat Stage III (Euro III equivalent) 01.04.2010 Ten major cities, namely, Bharat Stage II (Euro II Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, equivalent) 01.04.2003 Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad & Secunderabad, Ahmedabad, Bharat Stage III (Euro III Agra, Surat & Kanpur apart from equivalent) 01.04.2005 National Capital Region (except for vehicles holding Inter- State permits or National Permits or All India Tourist permits) Tweleve major cities, namely, Bharat Stage IV (Euro IV Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, equivalent) 01.04.2010 Solapur, Lucknow, Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad & (except for vehicles holding Inter- Secunderabad, Ahmedabad, State permits or National Agra, Surat & Kanpur apat from Permits or All India Tourist National Capital Region permits) Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, The Committee under the Chairmanship of Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Secretary (E&F) was constituted. In order Delhi, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), to provide technical assistance and Chennai, Automotive Research Association guidance during data collection, use of of India (ARAI), Pune and Indian Institute appropriate model etc. a Technical of Technology (IIT), Kanpur. The objective Committee was also in place under the frame work for Source Apportionment Chairmanship of Chairman, CPCB and Study included preparation of emission members drawn from various technical inventory, emission profile, monitoring of institutions and organizations. ambient air quality, assessment of data – The results of the Study, so obtained have and its authentication and source been evaluated by the Technical apportionment of RSPM (PM10) using factor Committee. International Peer Review of analysis and receptor modeling etc. the study has been organized in Spain, Application of Chemical Mass Balance Germany (through gtZ) and within the (CMB-8) Receptor model and ISC country, since such source apportionment dispersion model have been used in the studies have been carried out for the first study. time in India and the outcome of this – For appraisal and guidance during the Study would form the basis for future policy survey and study, a National level Steering decisions.

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– The outcome of this study would serve as suspension of road dust – can take up input to Auto Fuel Policy which is under studies on silt load measurements in revision. Some of the major different cities; and prepare guidelines accomplishments of the study are as for quality of road, silt content, paving of follows: unpaved roads, concreting of unpaved – A standard methodology for dealing surface along road side for various traffic with air quality management in Indian volume and road types. cities was established. – Group on improvement of fuel quality & – It provided the most needed scientific vehicle exhaust norms – roadmap beyond basis, evidence and insight into urban 2010 for progressive implementation of air quality issues. BS – IV/V norms. – Useful database on various air quality – Group to deal with old vehicles – parameters including some of air retrofitment of pollution control devices, toxics has been developed. scrap policy, inspection & maintenance issues, etc. – Technical competence, experience – Group on traffic management – use of IT and capacity building in terms of in traffic management, guidelines for infrastructure as well as trained 4 minimizing/synchronization traffic signals, manpower to conduct comprehensive providing adequate parking, parking fee air quality studies are now available structure, etc. in the country. – Group on construction activities – prepare – Refined Emission Factors (EF) for and supervise implementation of vehicular exhaust emissions, based on guidelines on cleaner construction mass emission tests of in-use vehicles, practices. was evolved that provide better assessment of vehicular pollution. – Group on industrial activities: industrial action plan implementation – More reliable emission inventories were built up for the six cities on the – In case of six cities, local Implementation basis of primary data. Committee comprising various stakeholders viz. municipal corporation, development – Source emission profiles for vehicular authorities, RTO, SPCB, etc. may be set as well as non-vehicular sources were up to oversee implementation of city- developed. This would provide more specific action plans. Wherever such reliable inputs to receptor modeling Committees or Authorities are functional, based source appointment studies in the study findings could supplement their future. efforts. The local Committees may also Based on the experiences gained and address biomass, garbage/refuse burning outcomes of the study, following are suggested and other city-specific sources. as future course of action: – Molecular markers analysis is a highly – At national level, different working groups skilled task which may be strengthened. may be set up to deal with the sectoral The project institutes may focus on recommendations of the study. These may developing necessary expertise in such be housed in the respective thematic analysis. Ministries: – The emission factors for vehicles may be – Group for working on road quality improved upon at regular intervals, as improvement and minimizing re- automotive industry in Indian is expanding

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at a very rapid rate and more and more acceptable levels of specified numbers of vehicle models are environmental quality parameters at introduced. More number of tests on in- different categories of locations i.e. use vehicles should be carried out in future. ‘ambient standards’ as well as permissible Similarly, city-specific driving cycles need levels of discharge of specified waste to be evolved/updated, as there is streams by different classes of activities continuous change in the road traffic i.e. ‘effluent standards’ and discharges pattern such as synchronization of traffic of gaseous pollutants i.e. emission signals, construction of flyovers, one way standards. traffic, restriction of entries of HCV in city – Environmental standards cannot be areas and continuous increase in density universal, and each country should set of vehicles. These steps will lead to more standards in terms of its national priorities, refined EF and subsequently, better policy objectives, and resources, as stated estimation of vehicular exhaust. More in the National Environmental Policy, comprehensive work on non exhaust 2006. These standards, may, of course, emission for vehicles may be undertaken. vary (in general, become more stringent) – Developing source profiles for non- as a country develops, and has greater vehicular sources may be extended to access to technologies and financial cover a few more sources. Similarly, more resources for environmental management. research, for vehicular and non-vehicular Within the country different States, UTs sources, to deal with issues on co-linearity and local bodies may adopt stricter of sources, molecular markers analysis, standards, based on local considerations. etc. need to be taken up. – In order to abate pollution from various – As and when new studies are sources, Ministry notifies general as well commissioned, other emerging as industry specific emission and effluent

parameters like NO2, PM2.5 and Benzene standards for various categories of

may be looked at apart from PM10. industries under the Environment – Public health impact and related issues (Protection) Rules, 1986 as per procedure may also be studied in future. This would specified in the Environmental (Protection) help in better understanding of linkages Act, 1986. Based on development of new between air quality and exposure pollution control technologies and their assessment and health impacts. feasibility, these standards are reviewed from time to time and new ones are – More scientific studies should be planned notified. to understand formation of secondary particles in Indian condition with presence – The Ministry has constituted an Expert of high OH radical concentration and Committee (EC) to evolve Environmental moisture. This will require modeling efforts Standards and Consequent upon the adoption of the National Environment and scientific measurements of SO2, NOX, + Policy–2006 (para 5.3 : Environmental HNO3, SO4, NO3, NH3 and NH4 in the atmosphere. This exercise can also look Standards, Management Systems, into long range transport of pollutants Certification and Indicators), the said and formation of haze in winter months. Committee has been reconstituted in April, 2008. A social scientist, public health Development of Environmental expert and environment economist are now Standards on the committee. Based on the – Environmental Standards refer both to the recommendations of the Committee, the

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Standards are notified after legal vetting construction activities, use of generator by the Ministry of Law & Justice, sets, pressure horns, fire crackers etc. Government of India. Keeping in view the increasing trend in – All the notified Standards have been noise levels, Ministry has issued various loaded on the website of this Ministry regulations from time to time to control which could be downloaded. During the noise pollution in ambient air, at source year, Environmental Standards in respect and at manufacturing stage. To control of following category of industries have community noise, Noise Pollution been evolved and are being finalized for (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 were notification: notified in February, 2000 and amended – Effluent Standards for Soda Ash from time to time. The recent amendments Industry; to the Noise Rules, 2000 have been published in the official Gazette on 11th – Effluent Standards for Electroplasting January, 2010. Industry; – The CPCB has been advised for revisiting – Effluent & Emission Standards for the national ambient noise standards and Rubber Product Industry; prepare a blue print to have national 4 – Effluent & Emission Standards for ambient noise monitoring network in Pesticide Industry; and place. A beginning to monitor ambient – Effluent Standards for Copper, Lead noise has been made in accordance with and Zinc Smelters. NEP-2006 during the year, starting from seven cities, namely, Delhi, Lucknow, – The source specific environmental Bengaluru, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai standards have been notified for following and Mumbai. industry/process during the year Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Effluent & Emission Standards Environmental Protection (CREP) – Incinerator in Dye and Dye Intermediate Industry (9th June, 2010) – After a series of industry specific interaction meetings, the Charter on Corporate – Incinerator in Organic Chemicals Responsibility for Environmental Protection st Manufacturing Industry (21 July, 2010) (CREP) was adopted in March, 2003 for – Iron Ore Mining and Ore Processing (4th seventeen categories of polluting October, 2010) industries and it is a road map for – Rubber Industry progressive improvement in environmental management. Effluent Standards – For effective implementation of the – Revision in Oil and Grease Norms for Charter, eight taskforces comprising CETP/General Effluent Standards (9th experts and members from institutions and September, 2010) industry associations were constituted. Noise Pollution Three of them in respect of Thermal Power, – Noise levels have been a matter of Steel Sector and Petroleum Oil Refinery concern due to various activities, religious have been reconstituted in 2009-10. functions, festivals, marriages, processions These task forces are meeting regularly and related celebrations. The main to monitor and to provide guidance to sources of noise pollution include industrial the industries for adopting necessary activities, use of public address system, pollution abatement measures.

105 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Critically Polluted Industrial Clusters/ – SPCBs will monitor the implementation of Areas the action plans as per their schedule The Ministry has adopted a and ensure that there is no slippage either Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index in terms of timeframe or the activities to (CEPI) system of environmental assessment of be completed relating to the action plan. the 88 Industrial Clusters, evolved by the The report will be submitted to CPCB. Central Pollution Control Board in – CPCB will also develop a monitoring collaboration with the Indian Institute of mechanism and put it in place within 30 Technology (IIT), Delhi. CEPI, a rational number days and monitor the implementation of to characterize the environmental quality at a given location following the algorithm of these action plans, area-wise and also Source, Pathway and Receptor and aggregated carryout random checks on the CEPI, indicates severe adverse effects on environmental parameters for their quality. environment and also is an indication of large – The respective SPCBs/UTPCCs will monitor percentage of population experiencing health the pollution levels in these areas on hazards. On the CEPI scale, 43 such industrial regular basis and if at any stage it is clusters, having CEPI greater than 70 on a observed that the levels are increasing, it scale of zero to 100, have been identified as will be immediately brought to the notice critically polluted based on the parameters of CPCB as well as MoEF and in such a related to incidence of pollution in water, land, situation the moratorium will be re- ground water, and air. List of the critically imposed. polluted industrial areas/ clusters is given in Table -17. – The EACs/SEACs will take extra precaution In view of the high levels of pollution 43 during appraisal of projects to be located critically polluted areas in the country, the in these areas and prescribe the requisite Ministry had imposed a temporary moratorium stringent safeguard measures, so that the upto 31st August, 2010 on consideration of environmental quality is not deteriorated developmental projects in these polluted further in these areas. industrial clusters/areas including the projects For restoration of environmental quality in pipeline for environmental clearance. The in these polluted clusters, State Pollution moratorium has been extended upto 31st Control Boards (SPCBs) / Pollution Control March, 2011. However, it has been decided to lift the moratorium on consideration of Committees (PCCs) were asked to prepare projects for environmental clearance in respect draft Action Plans incorporating establishment of projects to be located in the five clusters/ of common treatment facilities such as areas namely; (i) Tarapur (Maharashtra), (ii) Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) and Pattencherru-Bollaram (Andhra Pradesh), (iii) Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), (iv) Vapi (Gujarat) (TSDFs) and expansion of the National and (v) Mandi-Govindgarh (Punjab) as the Ambient Air and Water Monitoring networks, SPCBs and the local stakeholders have etc. The SPCBs / PCCs have accordingly initiated some work on the submitted plans in submitted the Action Plans for these polluted respect of the industrial areas subject to the clusters. The revised Action Plans are being following conditions:- examined by the CPCB to ascertain whether – CPCB and the respective SPCBs will these plans are effectively implementable in immediately put the approved action the field for improving the environmental plans on their respective websites. quality in these clusters.

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Table-17. The CEPI scores for critically polluted industrial areas / clusters S.No. Industrial Cluster/Area Air Water Land CEPI 1. Ankaleshwar (Gujarat) 72.00 72.75 75.75 88.50 2. Vapi (Gujarat) 74.00 74.50 72.00 88.09 3. Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh) 68.50 75.25 71.50 87.37 4. Chandrapur (Maharashtra) 70.75 67.50 66.50 83.88 5. Korba (Chhattisgarh) 67.00 57.00 72.50 83.00 6. Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) 71.00 69.00 59.50 82.91 7. Angul Talcher (Orissa) 64.00 69.00 65.75 82.09 8. Vellore (North Arcot) (Tamil Nadu) 69.25 65.25 62.50 81.79 9. Singrauli (Uttar Pradesh) 70.50 64.00 59.50 81.73 10. Ludhiana (Punjab) 68.00 66.00 64.75 81.66 11. Nazafgarh drain basin, Delhi 52.13 69.00 65.25 79.54 12. NOIDA (Uttar Pradesh) 65.75 64.00 60.00 78.90 13. Dhanbad (Jharkhand) 64.50 59.00 65.50 78.63 14. Dombivalli (Maharashtra) 66.00 63.50 57.50 78.41 15. Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) 66.00 63.50 56.00 78.09 4 16. Cuddalore (Tamil Nadu) 54.00 65.25 64.00 77.45 17. Aurangabad (Maharashtra) 64.75 60.50 59.50 77.44 18. Faridabad (Haryana) 63.50 59.00 62.75 77.07 19. Agra (Uttar Pradesh) 59.00 63.75 59.50 76.48 20. Manali (Tamil Nadu) 64.00 59.00 58.00 76.32 21. Haldia (West Bengal) 53.75 64.50 57.00 75.43 22. Ahmedabad (Gujarat) 62.75 58.00 58.00 75.28 23. Jodhpur (Rajasthan) 71.00 69.00 59.50 82.91 24. Cochin, Greater (Kerala) 57.00 64.00 54.00 75.08 25. Mandi Gobindgarh (Punjab) 62.00 55.50 62.00 75.08 26. Howrah (West Bengal) 57.00 54.50 63.50 74.84 27. Vatva (Gujarat) 60.00 62.00 56.00 74.77 28. Ib Valley (Orissa) 61.00 56.50 59.00 74.00 29. Varanasi-Mirzapur (Uttar Pradesh) 58.00 62.00 53.50 73.79 30. Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra) 61.00 59.00 55.50 73.77 31. Pali (Rajasthan) 52.00 64.00 52.00 73.73 32. Mangalore (Karnataka) 61.75 57.75 54.00 73.68 33. Jharsuguda (Orissa) 61.00 56.50 56.00 73.34 34. Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) 62.25 58.75 45.50 72.38 35. Bhadravati (Karnataka) 62.75 56.50 45.50 72.33 36. Tarapur (Maharashtra) 60.75 56.00 51.25 72.01 37. Panipat (Haryana) 55.75 56.50 59.00 71.91 38. Indore (Madhya Pradesh) 59.00 57.50 52.00 71.26 39. Bhavnagar (Gujarat) 54.50 57.50 57.75 70.99 40. Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) 57.00 57.50 55.00 70.82 41. Junagarh (Gujarat) 53.25 52.50 59.50 70.82 42. Asansole (West Bengal) 58.38 56.25 50.50 70.20 43. Patancheru – Bollaram 50.00 59.00 54.00 70.07 (Andhra Pradesh)

107 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Recognition of Environmental environmental standards have been Laboratories under Environment formulated for various parameters in (Protection) Act, 1986 different industrial sectors. The guidelines for recognition of environmental – The successful implementation of laboratories under E(P)A 1986 have been environmental protection programmes revised by the Ministry with emphasis laid essentially requires to identify and quantify on quality assurance and quality control the pollution sources and pollutants, aspects .The revised guidelines have been conduct baseline survey, lay down placed on the website of Ministry standards and build-up monitoring (www.envfor.nic.in) for wider circulation. systems. To meet these requirements, an The revised guidelines (June 2008) are a environmental laboratory requires to be definite improvement in the content and provided with all the necessary instruments the procedures for recognition of the and equipments as also expertise and environmental laboratories. capability of its staff for monitoring all groups of parameters including water, air, – These revised guidelines, have been made noise, hazardous waste, soil, sludge etc. to bring in synergy in requirements between the three Environmental Acts, viz the Water – For effective implementation of (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act environment protection programmes there 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of is an inescapable need for an efficient Pollution) Act 1981 and the Environment and reliable institutional arrangement and (Protection) Act 1986. Under the provisions facilities for survey, identification, of Section 12 and 13 of the E(P)A 1986, quantification and systems for monitoring. the private laboratories are considered In this context, the role of an by the Ministry for recognition. environmental laboratory assumes paramount importance and significance – The revised guidelines have been especially for the assessment of the status operationalised. The Expert Committee of environment and its components and on Labs is meeting once in every month can facilitate effectively in prevention and to discuss all the cases of Govt. and Private control of pollution. The Ministry has been Sector Labs. implementing a programme for – During the year, fourteen private sector recognition of environmental laboratories Labs were jointly visited for consideration with the aim of increasing facilities for of recognition under E(P)A, 1986. analysis of environmental samples. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) Revision of Guidelines for Evaluation and – The concept of the Common Effluent Recognition of Environmental Treatment Plants (CETP) arose in order to Laboratories under E (P) A, 1986 make a co-operative movement for – The extant guidelines (1994-95) for pollution control. The main objective of establishment and recognition of the the CETPs is to reduce the treatment cost laboratories have been revised and to be borne by an individual member procedures streamlined. The revision had unit to a minimum while protecting the become necessary as the Environment water environment to a maximum. (Protection) Act, 1986 has been Wastewater treatment and water strengthened over the years with the conservation are the prime objectives of enactments of various rules and the CETP. The concept of CETPs was notifications there under. Further, envisaged to treat the effluent emanating

108 Annual Report 2010-2011

from the clusters of compatible small - was provided for the ongoing CETP scale industries. It was also envisaged projects of Pandesara and Palsana in that burden of various Government Gujarat, Waluj and Tarapur in authorities working for controlling Maharashtra. pollution and monitoring of water – The scheme of CETPs of the Ministry has pollution could be reduced once the CETPs been revisited in order to make it more are implemented and commissioned attractive and at par with the scheme of – A Centrally Sponsored Scheme has been other Ministries. The revised CETP undertaken by the Government for guidelines have been submitted to enabling the small scale industries (SSIs) Planning Commission for its concurrence. to set up new and upgrade the existing The salient features of the revised CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) scheme are as follows: to cover all the States in the country. A – Central subsidy is proposed to be scheme for financial assistance for the enhanced. CETPs has been formulated as follows: – All the three levels of treatment, – State subsidy – 25% of the total project primary, secondary and tertiary are cost; to be covered for assistance. 4 – Central subsidy – 25% of the total Progressive technologies like Zero project cost; Liquid Discharge (ZLD) and Membrane Filtration will also be considered for – Entrepreneurs contribution – 20% of assistance, subject to a ceiling. the total project cost; – The management of the CETP is to – Loan from financial institutions – 30% be entrusted to a Special Purpose of the total project cost; Vehicle registered under an (e.g., IDBI, ICICI or any other appropriate statute. nationalized banks, State Industrial – Performance Guarantee at full design Financial Corporation etc.) load is to be ensured upfront. – During the year, an allocation of `5.70 It is expected that the above changes will crore was made for providing financial give a fillip to the SSIs to set up more CETPs. assistance to the on-going CETP projects and for new projects. Financial assistance Taj Protection Mission – In pursuance of the Hon’ble Supreme Court’s Order, projects for environmental protection of World Heritage Site of Taj Mahal were initiated and funded by the Ministry. The Planning Commission approved `600 crore on a 50:50 cost sharing basis with the State Government to implement various schemes in the Taj Trapezium Zone for environmental protection of the Fig. 47 : Common Effluent Treatment Plant Clarifier at Taloja, Navi Mumbai Taj Mahal. In the first phase

109 Ministry of Environment & Forests

during the IX Five Year Plan, ten projects Protection Act, 1986 on January 29, 1998 were approved by the Government to be vide S.O. No. 93(E) dated January 29, implemented by the State Government of 1998 under the chairmanship of Sh. Bhure Uttar Pradesh. Lai. The tenure of the EPCA was extended – The Ministry has sponsored a post- from time to time, and at present extended evaluation study for completed projects upto 28th Jan. 2012. through the National Environmental – The issues considered by the Authority Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), include environment related matters Nagpur for ascertaining the improvement covering vehicular pollution control, in environmental status of the area. The sewage treatment and assessment of final report on the “Environmental Post operations and handing over of Common Evaluation of the projects under the Taj Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) in NCR Trapezium Zone” submitted by NEERI, to the concerned societies, monitoring of Nagpur has been accepted by the Ministry. action plans for improvement of air quality The present environmental condition vis- in seven metro cities etc. and in addition, à-vis Environmental Management Plan the matters referred to it by Hon’ble (EMP) for the area as suggested in the Supreme Court in its various Judgments. report has been found useful for initiation – EPCA is reporting the compliance status of future activities in TTZ. and special tasks assigned to it to the – Subsequent to the acceptance by the Hon’ble Supreme Court from time to time. Ministry of the Post Evaluation Report of National Environment Appellate the TTZ projects and in order to revive Authority (NEAA) the scheme of TTZ, the U.P. Govt. has been intimated to formulate fresh The National Environment Appellate proposals related to the strengthening of Authority (NEAA) established under the solid waste management, water National Environment Appellate Authority Act, management, electricity supply and 1997 (22 of 1997) to hear appeals against distribution, road connectivity, greening the grant of environmental clearance under and other activities which have a bearing he Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 stands th on the environment in the TTZ area. It dissolved on establishment of NGT on 18 has been requested to ensure that the October, 2010. proposals to be submitted by the Govt. Loss of Ecology (Prevention and Payments of U.P are in line with the EMP as suggested of Compensation) Authority for the State of by NEERI, Nagpur in its report. Tamil Nadu – On receipt of fresh and consolidated In compliance with the Hon’ble Supreme proposals from the U.P. Govt., the matter Court’s order dated 28th August, 1998 in Writ of revival of the TTZ scheme would be Petition (Civil) No. 914 of 1991 viz. Vellore taken up with the Planning Commission. Citizen’s Welfare Forum versus Union of India Environmental Authorities and Others, the Ministry constituted the Loss of Ecology (Prevention and Payments of Environment Pollution (Prevention Control) Compensation) Authority for the State of Tamil Authority for the National Capital Region Nadu under the Chairmanship of a retired – The Environment Pollution (Prevention and Judge of Madras High Court vide notification Control) Authority (EPCA) for National SO 671 (E) dated 30th September, 1996, to Capital Region was constituted under sub- deal with the situation created by the tanneries section (3) of Section 3 of the Environment and other pollution industries in Tamil Nadu.

110 Annual Report 2010-2011

The tenure of the authority has been extended manufacture of building materials and up to 28th February, 2011. construction activity Fly Ash Utilization Progress and achievements made during Introduction the year Fly ash is the finely divided mineral The Fly Ash Utilisation Notification was residue resulting from the combustion of issued by Ministry in September 1999 to ground powdered coal in electric generating regulate the disposal of fly ash and ensure its plant. Fly ash consists of inorganic matter proper utilization. Restriction was imposed to present in the coal that has been fused during the extent that all brick kilns within the radius coal combustion. The fast increasing demand of fifty kilometers from coal/lignite based of power coupled with its dependence on coal thermal power plants should use 25% fly-ash for at least 2/3rd of its energy requirement is while making the bricks. The same was issued generating large volume of fly ash. Generation as per the orders of the Hon’ble High Court of about forty million tonnes fly ash during of Delhi in September, 1999. A second 1994 increased to about one hundred million Notification making amendments was issued tonne/year by 2001 and one hundred and in August, 2003 increasing the radius from thirty million tonne in 2007. The projections the thermal power plants to 100 kms. 4 made by Planning Commission as well as Ministry of Power upto 2031-32 indicate that Environmental Health 2/3rd of power generation in the country would Introduction continue to depend on coal. The annual The urban environmental degradation, generation of fly ash is expected to be around through lack of (or inappropriate) waste one hundred seventy five million tonne by end treatment and sanitation, industry and transport of XIth Five Year Plan Period, two hundred related pollution, adversely impacts air, water, twenty five million tonne by end of XIIth Five and soil quality, and differentially impacts the Year Plan Period and around five hundred health of the urban poor. This, in turn, affects million tonne by 2031-32. their capability to seek and retain employment, The first Fly Ash Notification was issued attend school, and enhances gender by the Ministry in September 1999 to regulate inequalities, all of which perpetuate poverty. the disposal of fly ash and ensure its proper It is increasingly evident that poor utilization. A second Notification making environmental quality has adversely affected amendments was issued in August, 2003. human health. Environmental factors are The implementation of this Notification estimated as being responsible in some cases since 1999 resulted in steady increase in the for nearly 20 percent of the burden of disease utilization of flyash. However, the utilization in India, and a number of environment-health has not reached to 100% and certain factors are closely linked with dimensions of additional measures are required to further poverty (e.g. malnutrition, lack of access to promote and facilitate its use. clean energy and water). It has been shown Objectives that interventions such as reducing indoor air – To protect environment pollution, protecting sources of safe drinking water, protecting soil from contamination, – To conserve top soil improved sanitation measures, and better – To prevent dumping of fly ash from public health governance, offer tremendous Thermal Power Stations on land opportunities in reducing the incidence of a – To promote utilization of ash in the number of critical health problems.

111 Ministry of Environment & Forests

The National Environment Policy is a Adoption of cleaner technologies and response to our national commitment to a cleaner production strategies is considered to clean environment, mandated in the provide a balance between Development & Constitution in Articles 48 A and 51 A (g), Environment through economic benefits by way strengthened by judicial interpretation of Article of increased resource efficiency, innovation and 21. It is recognized that maintaining a healthy reduced cost for environmental management. environment is not the State’s responsibility A grant-in-aid Scheme on Development and alone, but also that of every citizen. Human Promotion of Clean Technologies was initiated beings are at the centre of concerns for in 1994 with the following objectives:- sustainable development. They are entitled to – Development & Promotion of Cleaner a healthy and productive life in harmony with Technologies nature. – Development of Tools and Techniques for In order to protect the human health from Pollution Prevention the impacts of pollutants, efforts may be made – Formulation of Sustainable Development to co-relate the manifestations of various Strategies diseases with the environmental factors especially respiratory diseases & cardio- Activities undertaken and completed vascular diseases contracted due to exposure Since the inception of the scheme in 1994, to various pollutants. As such, the long term important activities undertaken include; studies (cohort studies) to find out any co- – Demonstration projects relationship between the dose and the response would be useful for evolving the – Life Cycle Assessment strategies for the protection of human health. – Carrying Capacity Studies The key benefit will help in evolving – Creation of data base for Clean strategies for health risk reduction. It will also Technologies strengthen the comprehensive approach to the – Training programmes for Adoption of environmental health management plans, Clean Technologies which would be a systematic approach to Progress made during the year estimate the burden of disease and injury due to different environmental pollutants. Demonstration projects Development and Promotion of Clean – Projects likely to be completed: Three Technology Demonstration projects mentioned below are at final stage and likely to be Introduction and objectives completed during the current financial Clean Technologies, as distinct from “end- year. of- pipe” abatement technologies minimize – Development of Air Pollution Control the generation of waste streams in the Package for Small Scale Lime Kilns production processes and utilize waste from by NEERI, Nagpur. other consumption goods and production processes, rather than treating the waste after – Implementation of LPS Technology by generation. In general, clean technologies are ABC Papers, Hoshiarpur and PPCB, less intensive in use of raw materials and Punjab. energy, than conventional technologies, which – Development & Demonstration of rely on pollution abatement after generation. Environmentally sound technology for For this reason, they may also offer significant regeneration/Recovery/Recycling of cost advantages to the producer. Paint Sludge by NPC, New Delhi.

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– Ongoing Projects: Under the grant-in-aid – Creation of Data Base and Evolving scheme on Development & Promotion of a Mechanism for Capacity Building Clean Technology thirteen projects in the financial sector and application continued during the period and their of fiscal instrument for clean progress was monitored through technology projects, CPCB, Delhi. Monitoring Committee, followed by – New Projects: Eighth Meeting of the Workshops and Field Visits. These are: Evaluation and Monitoring Committee was – Effective removal of arsenic from held under the Chairmanship of Prof. L. ground water at 24 – Parganas (N) Kannan in August, 2010. The Committee (II- Phase) by CSMRI, Gujarat. has recommended seven projects for – Defluridation of water using natural funding. These are as follows: materials for better drinking water – Demonstration Project of PLASMA supply in rural regions by JNU, New Technology for Waste Destruction by Delhi. JYOTI OM, Gujarat. – Development of Fly Ash Based Geo- – Demonstration of Nano-sized TiO2- polymer Concrete Pre-cast Elements based Photo catalytic Oxidation by Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. Technology for controlling VOCs at 4 – Life Cycle Assessment of Wood and Source and in situ Ambient Air by IIT, Bamboo Composite Products by Kanpur. IPIRTI, Bangalore – Proposal on Proving the HCRI Concept – Capacity Building of Environmental in a Flex-Fuel Engine by ARAI, Pune. Officers on Cleaner Production/ – Cleaner Technology opportunity Technology Integrated Environment Assessment in Extractive Industry by Management by FICCI, New Delhi NetPEM, Nagpur. – Life Cycle Assessment for construction – Modification & Designing of Fly ash Industry – concrete (gate-to-grave) by composites in Building Materials for NCCBM, Haryana energy Conservation & shielding – Environmentally Friendlier Technology Application by NPL, New Delhi. in Small Scale Glass Industry Cluster – Improved Chromium Recovery system at Firozabad by Winrock International, Integrated with Water Recovery for Gurgaon. Reuse in Tanneries Under Zero – Performance Evaluation of Pilot Plant Discharge Concept by ILIFO, based on Sequencing Batch Reactor Chennai. for the Biodegradation of Absorbable – Eco Friendly Road Technology – RBI Organic Halides (AOX) from Pulp and Grade 81 Natural Soil Stabilizer by Paper Mills by AMU, Aligarh. M/s Alchemist Touchnology Limited, – Clean Technology for the recovery of New Delhi. Gold, Silver and other allied materials Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A systematic from E-waste and allied sources by set of procedures for compiling and examining Mysore University, Mysore. the inputs and outputs of materials and energy – Pilot demonstration of Clean and the associated environmental impacts Technology for landfill gas recovery directly attributable to the functioning of a at Okhla site, Delhi by TERI, New product or service system throughout its life Delhi. cycle.

113 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Life Cycle Assessment Studies in Thermal the current financial year. A total of 165 Power Plants, Steel, Pulp and Paper and Environmental Managers of different sectors Cement (from cradle to gate) has been of industries was trained. The Ministry has completed. Second phase of the project i.e. received information that after getting training, gate to grave is continuing during the current clean technology options has been financial year. implemented by the trained Environmental Carrying Capacity Studies: Carrying Managers in their industries.This is one of the capacity based development planning is a most successful programme conducted by the process to make choices for development Ministry for switchover Clean Technology based on the premise of the supportive implementation programme. capacity of the region and capacity of the Achievements during the year environment to assimilate the pollution from – Two projects have been completed as development activities. The planning process given below: targets at equitable distribution of resources – Environment Pollution Control in and achieve equitable quality of life across Agro-based Paper Industry by the region. Carrying capacity studies of implementation of LPS Technology by Greater Kochi Region, Doon Valley, Damodar ABC Papers, Hoshiarpur and PPCB, River Basin, Tapi Estuary and National Capital Punjab. Region (NCR);, Natural Resource Accounting Studies for Upper Yamuna Basin; has been – Development of Air Pollution Control completed. Package for Small Scale Lime Kilns by NEERI, Nagpur Creation of data base for Clean Technologies: The Ministry of Environment – Capacity Building by CT Training Programmes: Five days structured Training and Forests has sanctioned a project to Central Programmes on Capacity Building of Pollution Control Board to create a Data Base Environmental Managers on Cleaner on the available cleaner technologies in the Production/Technology was organized at country as well as in abroad. Evolving a New Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Goa & Networking Mechanism of the Research Jaipur during the current financial year. A Institutions of the country, Capacity Building in total of 165 Environmental Managers of the financial sector and application of fiscal different sectors of industries was trained. instruments for adoption of clean technologies The Ministry has received information that by the Small Scale Industries are also being after getting training, clean technology worked out. options has been implemented by the Major project activities would cover trained Environmental Managers in their inventorization of indigenous as well as global industries. clean technologies, assessment and evaluation Brief summary of completed projects of various technological options for criteria development, networking of R&D initiatives etc. Environment Pollution Control in Agro- in respect of cleaner technologies in selected based Paper Industry by implementation 15 industrial sectors. of LPS Technology by ABC Papers, Hoshiarpur and PPCB, Punjab Training programmes for Adoption of Clean Technologies: Five days structured The main objective of this project was to Training Programmes on Capacity Building of set up a Full Scale LPS Plants, assess the final Environmental Managers on Cleaner outcome, analysis of data and develop Production/Technology was organized at New technical & financial parameters for further Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Goa & Jaipur during designing the plants capacity according to

114 Annual Report 2010-2011 the size of the agro-based units existing in suitable for various applications ranging from India. feed to resin manufacturing. The Granit’s LPS Ligning is a natural polymer responsible Technology removes 95% of the lignin present for mechanical properties such as stiffness and and remaining 5% of the ligning being low rigidity of lignocellulosic materials. In chemical molecular mass fraction is easily degradable pulping of lignocellulosic materials, lignin gets in the biological treatment stages. The LPS dissolved during pulping reactions and is Technology reduces the COD load of the black released in the form of black liquor. The liquor by 60% thus removing the bio-inhibitory ligning present in the black liquor contributes fraction of the black liquor making it highly towards more than 60% of COD (Chemical treatable. The treated effluent after secondary Oxygen Demand) with remaining 40% COD clarification is expected to have COD conc. resulting from biodegradable components such of less than 350 ppm and BOD conc. of less as sugars, fatty acids etc. the ligning is not than 30 ppm. biodegradable anaerobically and also limits Development of Air Pollution Control the anerobics treatment of black liquor due to Package for Small Scale Lime Kilns by its bio-inhibitory nature. Further, only around NEERI, Nagpur 10% of the low molecular weight lignin fractions The objectives of the study included are found to be degradable in subsequent 4 Designing air pollution mitigation measures aerobic treatment stages resulting in the for lime Kilns and Development of an release on untreated ligning fractions along appropriate air pollution control package for with treated effluent from the paper mills lime kilns. The key emission from a line kiln without chemical recovery. are dust, tarry matter, sulphur dioxide, Carbon The basic principal of the LPS technology monoxide and Carbon Dioxide emissions is that Ligning is soluble in the alkaline depend on the sulphur content of the fuel. conditions and as soon as the black liquor is Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) emissions are self acidified by any of the methods such as acid controlled in the lime making process. or carbon dioxide under optimized conditions Abatement of particulate emissions in the form of pH, temperature, pressure retention time of tar/smoke/dust is a major concern for the etc., the lignin gets precipitated leaving other constituents soluble in the black liquor. The various reaction conditions of Lignin Precipitation Process determine the quality of lignin. The precipitated lignin is filtered through a specially designed proprietary filtration system under specific temperature and pressure followed by washing to obtain lignin in the cake form at around 40% solids. The lignin cake is further dried in the air dryer followed by screening under optimized temperature to obtain fine lignin powder at 95% solids. The lignin thus obtained has purity of above 95% thus making it Fig-48. Lignin Precipitation System (LPS) Plant Heat Exchanger and Reactors

115 Ministry of Environment & Forests lime kilns. To meet the objectives, NEERI towards utilizing the existing production carried out the studies at Wani, Maharashtra. facilities in an optimal manner. The objective The kiln was identified in consultation with of the scheme is following: MPCB, Amravati. In Wani area there are a – To assist the primary small units and some total of 40-50 lime kilns spread over an are medium scale units who do not have of about two sq. km. The capacity of the lime access to the requisite technical expertise kilns is between 10 and 50 TPC. These kilns to achieve waste minimization but exclude are of primitive type vertical kiln with natural procurement of equipment and hardware. draft. Their combustion efficiency is low and hence a lot of volatile/tarry matter in the form – Establishing and running Waste of smoke is evolved during the lime making Minimization Circles (WMCs) in clusters process. There was a need to design a of Small and Medium Industries. pollution abatement system for the above lime – Capacity building in the area of Waste kilns. The available techniques for reducing Minimization/Cleaner Production through dust emissions are fabric filters, electrostatic training. precipitators and/or wet scrubbers. Wet – Waste Minimization demonstration studies scrubber is a choice to abate lime kiln in selected industrial sectors. emissions due to presence of tarry/ particulate – Preparation of sector specific technical matter. The air pollution control system manuals on waste reduction, reuse and designed and successfully tested for a 10-TDP recycling. lime kiln in the area consists of a venture scrubber followed by a packed bed wet – Awareness programs and preparation of scrubber and demister. The tarry matter/dust compendium of success stories on cleaner removal efficiency of the system was observed production/waste minimization as 8-85%. The scrubbed tarry matter after Activities undertaken and completed drying can be used as fuel supplement. – Demonstration projects. Industrial Pollution Abatement – Establishment of Waste Minimisation through Preventive Strategies (Waste Circles Minimisation for Small & Medium Industries) – Training programmes. – Organisation of workshops/seminars Introduction and objectives The policy statement for abatement of – Publications of News letters, Posters etc. pollution lays emphasis on preventive aspects – Developing Awareness Material on Waste of pollution abatement and promotion of Minimization technical inputs to reduce industrial pollution. Progress made during the year One of the simplest preventive strategies is to – Demonstration projects minimize the waste in production of products and goods. The main objective of waste – Projects likely to be completed: Under minimization is to optimize the consumption the grant-in-aid scheme on of raw materials and also reduce waste “Abatement of Pollution through generation by adopting production techniques Preventive Strategies (Waste which are cleaner in nature and can be Minimisation)” four projects are likely adopted by the existing units without necessarily to be completed. These are: changing the production processes or unit – Waste Minimization Studies in operations. The approach to the problem is Small Scale Industries in Balanagar

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Industrial Area, Hyderabad. – Waste Minimization Studies in Small Scale Industries – Textile Sector in Nandigaon Village Kothur Mahboobnagar Distt., (A.P.). – Enhancing the Environmental Performance and Competitiveness of Vegetable Oil Industry in Andhra Pradesh – Waste Minimisation (WM) Assessment, Demonstration of WM Measures, and Training. – Clean Technology for 4 Waste Minimization from Nutraceutical Industry. – Ongoing Projects: Under the Fig-49. Waste plastic derived oil plant, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu grant-in-aid scheme on “Abatement of Pollution through Preventive by Value Addition as Pet Foods by Strategies (Waste Minimisation)” 12 AMU, Aligarh. projects continued during the period and – Biological Liquefaction of Waste their progress was monitored through Fleshing and Treatment with Tannery Monitoring Committee. These projects are Effluent for Biogas Generation in as under: Single Reactor by CLRI, Chennai. – Waste Minimisation studies in – Enhancing the Environmental Electroplating Industries in Balanagar Performance and Competitiveness of Industrial area, Hyderabad by EPTRI, Vegetable Oil Industry in Andhra Hyderabad Pradesh Winrock International India, – Waste Minimisation studies in Textile Gurgaon, Haryana. sector in Nandigaon village Kothur – Waste Minimisation Studies in Mahboobnagar district, Andhra Electroplating Operation in Imitation Pradesh by EPTRI, Hyderabad. Jewellery Units at Machilipatnam, – Waste Minimization in small scale Krishna Distt. Andhra Pradesh by M/ Industries – WMC Extension –Phase- s APITCO, Hyderabad III proposed by NPC, New Delhi – Evaluation of Refuse Derived Fuel from – Clean Technology for waste Waste Plastics as Engine Fuel Minimization from Nutraceutical Substitute by Annamalai University. Industry, Yenepoya University, – Production of bioelectricity from Mangalore, sludge and domestic wastewater using – Minimization of Environmental microbial fuel cell University of Impacts of Slaughter House Wastes Calcutta, Kolkata

117 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– Waste Minimisation through co- prepared compendium of success stories composting of on and off-farm wastes in this area for mass awareness both at for sustainable crop productivity and Centre and State levels. soil health by Annamalai University. A WMC is defined as ‘A small group of – Waste Minimisation in Moradabad entrepreneurs in the small scale sector who Brassware Cluster by the Energy manufacture similar products and employ the Resource Institute, New Delhi same processes meeting periodically and – New Projects: Eighth Meeting of the regularly, to analyse the operation of their Evaluation and Monitoring Committee has unit, to identify sources of waste generation recommended seven new projects to be and implement Waste Minimisation Options carried out for the financial year 2010- leading to an increase in individual profitability 11 onwards. These are: and reduction in pollution load from the units’. Waste Minimisation circles established till date – Organizing Training Programs on in 41 sectors are as follows: Waste Minimisation (WM) & Cleaner Production (CP) for Critically Polluted Phase/year wise No. of WMCs Industrial Clusters by M/s Ramky Enviro 1st phase (1995-96) 15 Engineer Limited, Dwarka, New Delhi. 2nd phase (1997-2006) 118 – Synthesis of Polymer Hydro gel and 3rd phase (2007-2010) 24 Development of Hybrid Waste Water Treatment System Using Cavitations Technique and Hydro gel by Total till date 157 Department of Chemical Engineering, – Training programmes: The National Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Productivity Council imparts trainings to (VIT), Pune. the Small Scale Industries through WMC – Development of Reactive Thermal facilitators at all the established circles. Plasma Reactor to Synthesis SiALON Besides this, the Evaluation and and Silicon Nitride Based Ceramics Monitoring Committee has recommended from Fly Ash by Department of a project to M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering, New Delhi for organizing 20 training Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. programmes in the critically polluted areas during two years tenure. – Design of Air Pollution Control System for Induction Furnace by Department The main objective of the program is to of Metrological and Materials organize a series of training programs, Engineering, IIT, Roorkee. in various critically polluting industrial clusters to develop the capacity in the – Establishment of Waste Minimisation field of Waste Minimization and Clean Circles: The National Productivity Council Technology amongst various stakeholders, (NPC), New Delhi coordinates the activities pertaining to Waste Minimisation Circles with a view to achieve the millennium (WMCs) through facilitators designated by goal of sustainable development. The it, training and awareness activities by subsequent objectives are: NPC itself as well as through Development – To strengthen the institutional Commissioner, Small Scale Industries capacities and the human resources (DC, SSI). NPC has trained 168 in the environmental sector, in participants in 162 organizations through particular waste minimization & clean WMC facilitator training programs, technologies,

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– To build awareness through orientation – Compilation of Waste Minimization and motivation among different success stories stakeholders including regulators, – Development of sector specific entrepreneurs, Consultants, etc. database on waste minimization. – Skill development, transfer of – Continuous updating of MoEF Website knowledge, coaching of key persons with new information, findings of the and trainers through hands on studies and the success stories experience – The sector specific training manuals – Networking between training providers and a compendium of success stories and prime institutions for consultation prepared by NPC are utilized in the and implementation. dissemination of the findings and – Organisation of workshops/seminars: these are also made available in the The National Productivity Council has NPC website. In addition to these, organized four regional workshops at the site specific problems of some of Chennai, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, the sectors are discussed during the Kolkata and Bangalore during the current training programs. financial year. Besides this four local level – “Training of the Trainer” programs on 4 workshops has been organized at Indore, Waste Minimization Devaas, Nagpur and Khurja during the – National and Regional Waste current financial year. A National level minimization Awareness Workshops workshop is likely to be organized at the earliest. Achievements made during the year – Publications of News letters: National Under the grant-in-aid scheme two Productivity Council (NPC) publishes projects has been completed on “Abatement quarterly News letters covering different of Pollution through Preventive Strategies (Waste sectors. More then two dozen News Letters Minimisation)”. has already been published. These news – Waste Minimization in Basic Chrome letters are sent to the stakeholders, WMCs, Manufacturing Unit by M/S Ramky Enviro State Boards and Policy makers through Engineers Ltd., New Delhi. out the country. – Enhancing the Environmental Performance – Developing Awareness Material on and Competitiveness of Vegetable Oil Waste Minimization: In order to sustain Industry in Andhra Pradesh Winrock various Waste Minimization efforts and to International India, Gurgaon, Haryana. provide a continuing impetus to the Brief summary of the completed projects programme, continued publicity and Waste Minimization in Basic Chrome dissemination of the waste minimization Manufacturing Unit by M/S Ramky Enviro activities is also proposed by including Engineers Ltd., New Delhi the following activities: The Basic Chrome Sulphate (BCS) is being – Development of publicity materials used as a major chemical in the Tanning such as news letters, posters, video process in the leather industries. Near the films etc., on waste minimization in vicinity of the Tannery industries, lots of BCS English and local languages units have come up. The major BCS – Development of guidelines on waste manufacturing units are located in the areas minimization of Kanpur in (U.P), West Bengal, Orissa, Tamil

119 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Nadu etc. the raw material used for the from the effluent to prevent the damage being production of BCS is Chromite ore. The done to the environment. Apart from the liquid Chromite ore contains heavy metal like waste, solid waste and air emissions are also chromium and lead. During the manufacturing generated. The sustainability of the industry is process, lots of hazardous wastes are at stake due to the above problems and generated. constant pressure from regulators to combat There are about 17 Small/Medium pollution. India is the 3rd largest producer of Industries/manufacturing units producing about edible oil in the world. Andhra Pradesh has 1000 to 1300 TPM BCS. In addition, about about 55 oil manufacturing units concentrated one ton of sodium sulphate is also produced in pockets as clusters but spread across the as a bye product which is contaminated with state. The specific objectives of the proposed hexavalent chromium. A good quantity of toxic project are to promote the adoption of WM & hazardous waste is generated during the measures to tackle environmental pollution in process. Presently, most of the units at Kanpur edible oil units and promote more resource are being closed due to environmental efficient processes and operations in the fields pollution. The industries lack in the technical of water pollution and solid wastes, thereby capabilities to improve upon their existing positively influencing the local and global production process to minimize not only the climate change, to enhance the performance waste generation but also to improve the shop and competitiveness of small and medium floor environment to the productivity and scale edible oil units in Adoni by raising comply with the ever stringent environmental environmental awareness, to build the capacity regulations. of the targeted beneficiary units by training to The main objective of the project is to adopt WM approach on a sustainable basis demonstrate the resource conservation & waste to reap benefits, to develop and promote minimization in Basic Chrome Sulphate (BCS) environmental actions those are instrumental manufacturing industries. Subsequent in alleviating poverty, improving health and objectives are resource recovery, recycle & safety conditions. reuse; improve upon the shop floor Methodology adopted in the study for environment; and enhancement of productivity. waste minimisation in the vegetable sector Enhancing the Environmental include the formation of study team, Performance and Competitiveness of preparation of material and energy balance, Vegetable Oil Industry in Andhra collection of data on operating processes, Pradesh Winrock International India, house keeping, shop floor practices, wastage Gurgaon, Haryana. of raw material, utilities and energy, critical analysis of data, cost benefit analysis and Environmental degradation by the edible recommendation of the suitable measures. oil sector is a matter of serious concern as it generates large quantities of wastewater. On New Waste Minimisation Circles an average, for every ton of oil produced, the Developed: During the IIIrd phase of the discharge of wastewater is about 30 M3. project 24 New Waste Minimisation Circles Process wastewater contributes to most of the has been developed in the cities like: Nuzwid, pollution load in the effluent being drained Pithampur, Indore, Dewas, Dhule, Jamnagar, by the industry; while non- process waste water Nagpur Trichur, Hyderabad, Ujjain and constitutes the major portion of total waste Mumbai. These WMCs has covered the sectors water quantity. The process is high in like Earthen Tile, Foundry, Steel Rolling, BOD,COD,TSS, oil phosphate, sulfate and Electroplating, Engineering, Cotton Seed Oil, chloride. These pollutants need to be removed Brass Foundry, Ceramic Tiles, Sponge Iron,

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Textile Processing, Paints, Resins, and authorities constituted by the Government Pharmaceuticals, Hotel Chemicals, Ceramic of India such as The Environmental Pollution Pottery and Ceramic Insulators. (Prevention and Control) Authority for the Project and Awareness materials National Capital Region. developed Activities undertaken so far – Training Package – Coordinating activities of State Pollution – WMC News letter : Published 27 Issues, Control Board, Pollution Control – WMC Website (www.wmc.nic.in) launched Committees for prevention and control of pollution; – WM – EC Manual prepared – Development of industry specific national – Five Posters developed minimal effluent and emission standards; – Project Audio-Visual CD prepared – Development of industry specific – Technical Brochure on Sanganer Textiles environmental guidelines and prepared etc. comprehensive documents; Central Pollution Control Board – Development of charter/requirements for Introduction and objectives Corporate Responsibility for Environmental The Central Pollution Control Board Protection (CREP) for seventeen major 4 (CPCB) performs functions as laid down under polluting industrial sectors and monitoring the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) its implementation through eight task Act, 1974, and The Air (Prevention and Control forces and steering committees; of Pollution) Act, 1981. It is responsible for – Action plans for improvement of planning and executing comprehensive environment in eighty eight critically nationwide programmes for the prevention and polluted areas/clusters and monitoring control of water and air pollution, for advising their implementation; the Central Government on matters concerning prevention and control of water and air – Action plans for improvement air quality pollution and for coordinating activities of in sixteen polluted cities and monitoring State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution progress; Control Committees besides providing technical – National water quality monitoring and assistance & guidance to them. publishing annual water quality reports; The Central Pollution Control Board has – National ambient air quality monitoring been playing a vital role in abatement and and publishing annual water quality control of pollution in the country by generating reports; environmental quality data, providing scientific – Carrying out and sponsoring research information, rendering technical inputs for activities relevant to environment formulating national policies and protection; programmes, training and development of – Publishing material relevant to manpower and organizing activities for environment protection; promoting awareness at different levels of the Government and public at large. Progress / achievements made during the The Central Pollution Control Board also year co-ordinates enforcement and implementation Development of Environmental of Rules framed under the Environmental Laboratories (Protection) Act, 1986 with State Pollution Adoption of Revised Guidelines for Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees. Recognition of Environmental Laboratories It also provides support to various committees under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:

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Ministry of Environment and Forest has Participation of CPCB Laboratories in constituted an Expert Committee at CPCB vide International Proficiency Testing (PT) letter no. Q-15018/8/2006-CPW dated 28th Programme Conducted by New York State January, 2009 for operationalization / Department of Health, USA : To ensure adoption of revised Guidelines for recognition analytical quality, the CPCB laboratories at of Environment laboratories under the Delhi and its Zonal Offices located at Kolkata Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The Expert and Lucknow participated in Proficiency Testing Committee held eleven meetings. New/renewal Programmes organized by New York State cases of recognition of Government Department of Health, Wadsworth Centre, Environmental Laboratories were considered, Environmental Laboratory Approval their inspection reports examined and Programme (ELAP), Albany New York. evaluated by the Expert members. Participation in NABL Proficiency Testing Environmental Laboratories Approved for (PT) Programme conducted by National Recognition by Central Pollution Control Board Physical Laboratory, New Delhi : CPCB’s under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: Instrumentation Laboratory participated in the In exercise of power conferred on Central NABL Proficiency Testing Programme for testing Pollution Control Board, Delhi vide Gazette of metals in water (TC-44 Part-II) during June, Notification No. S.O.145(E) dated 21st 2009. conducted by National Physical February, 1991 for recognition of Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial environmental laboratories of Government / Research (CSIR), New Delhi. The PT samples semi-Government organization, Public Sector comprising various trace metals such as As, Undertaking and Educational Institution to carry Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni were received by out the functions entrusted to the Environmental Central Pollution Control Board Laboratory Laboratories under section 12(1)(b) & 13 of and analyzed using Atomic Absorption the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, CPCB Spectrophotometer / Inductively Coupled has approved four laboratories (new/renewal) Plasma and results reported to National on recommendation from the Expert Physical Laboratory (NPL) New Delhi. Committee. Analytical Quality Control (AQC/Water) Strengthening of SPCBs Laboratories : for CPCB, SPCBs, PCCs for Laboratories Proposals from the following State Pollution recognized under Environment (Protection) Act, Control Boards for financial assistance for 1986 : CPCB maintains a large water quality strengthening of laboratories were received: network covering lakes, wells, and ground water stations spread over 27 States and six – Madhya Pradesh State Pollution Control Union Territories operated through various State Board, Bhopal Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). – Orissa Pollution Control Board, Comparability of data within the collaborative Bhubaneshwar programme becomes the key challenge to the – Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna water testing laboratories. To ensure the – Maharashtra State Pollution Control reliability of the data, a programme called Board, Mumbai “Analytical Quality Control (AQC)” was initiated with 20 laboratories in 1991. In 2009, number – Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board, of laboratories participating in this exercise Shillong have increased to 194 laboratories of SPCB – Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control / PCC, Environment (Protection) Act recognized Board, New Shimla laboratories. – Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Inter-Laboratory QA/QC Study on Tripura Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Asia

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Region : National Reference Trace Organics countries (Asia & OECD Countries) including Laboratory (NRTOL) of Central Pollution National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory Control Board, Delhi was registered as POPs (NRTOL) of Central Pollution Control Board, laboratory representing the country having Delhi participated. analytical facilities for POPs in India with UNEP Ministry of Environment and Forests Chemicals during January/February, 2009. (MoEF), Government of India entrusted CPCB Environmental Research Activities to undertake the inventory of POPs being Participation of CPCB Laboratories in released from sources in Northern and Eastern International Proficiency Testing (PT) regions of the country as part of Development Programme Conducted by New York State of National Implementation Plan (NIP) under Department of Health, USA : To ensure Stockholm convention, a UNDP Sponsored analytical quality, the CPCB laboratories at project. Delhi and its Zonal Offices located at Kolkata Testing and Validation of BOD Biosensor and Lucknow participated in Proficiency Testing Based on Microbial Mixed Culture for Rapid Programmes organized by New York State BOD Determination in Wastewater Department of Health, Wadsworth Centre, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is Environmental Laboratory Approval an important parameter in water quality 4 Programme (ELAP), Albany New York. monitoring and in designing effluent treatment Participation in NABL Proficiency Testing plants. The test takes considerable time say (PT) Programme conducted by National three days at 27°C or five days at 20°C and Physical Laboratory, New Delhi: CPCB’s consumes energy too. To overcome these Instrumentation Laboratory participated in the constraints, attempts were made to carry out NABL Proficiency Testing Programme for testing the test in short time by using BIO-SENSOR of metals in water (TC-44 Part-II) during June, probes. This technique involves selection of 2009. Conducted by National Physical suitable microbial composition to degrade a Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial wide range of wastes. In this endeavor, CPCB Research (CSIR), New Delhi. The PT samples conducted a study in collaboration with Institute comprising various trace metals such as As, of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni were received by CSIR, Delhi to develop BIO-SENSOR an Central Pollution Control Board Laboratory instrument for rapid BOD test. The BIO- and analyzed using Atomic Absorption SENSOR membrane has been developed and Spectrophotometer / Inductively Coupled analysis was carried out using GGA (Glucose Plasma and results reported to National Glutamic Acid) standard and different effluent Physical Laboratory (NPL) New Delhi. samples. The analytical results exhibited close agreement between conventional method and Inter-Laboratory QA/QC Study on bio-sensor method. A standard calibration Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Asia graph showing linear relationship is produced Region : National Reference Trace Organics below Laboratory (NRTOL) of Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi was registered as POPs Studies on Correlation between TOC, BOD laboratory representing the country having and COD in Complex Environmental Matrices analytical facilities for POPs in India with UNEP Studies on correlation between total Chemicals during January/February, 2009. The organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen first worldwide Inter-laboratory study on POPs demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand for Asia-Pacific Region was organized by UNEP (COD) in complex environmental matrices were Chemicals during year 2009 under Stockholdm done as determination of total organic carbon Convention, in which 37 laboratories from 13 (TOC) is considered more rational for

123 Ministry of Environment & Forests measurement of organic contamination in the metals on particulate air filters using US environmental samples and being considered Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a potential replacement of time consuming methods. CPCB used “Panalytical” Energy BOD and COD analysis. During the first Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) phase of study, environmental samples were Spectrometer, a highly sophisticated instrument collected from various stages of waste water for Source Apportionment studies of ambient treatment plants from pharmaceutical air particulates in various cities through ED- industries at Ankleshwar, Gujarat. The XRF. This instrument is first of its kind in the preliminary analytical results indicated that the country for analysis of suspended particulate correlation between COD and DOC (Dissolved matter (SPM) fractions of 10 and 2.5 microns Organic Carbon) or BOD (Bio-chemical sizes in ambient air for different metallic Oxygen Demand) and DOC was influenced elements. During 2009 several ambient air by several factors. particulate samples on air filters under the Pilot Plant Study Using Sludge-Reagent- Project “Source Apportionment studies of Product (SRP) Technology ambient air particulate from various cities” An innovative technology called “Sludge- were analyzed for 44 trace elements using Reagent-Product (SRP) Technology” has been ED-XRF. developed by CPCB to recover alum in the The Source Apportionment Studies taken sludge used in water treatment. This technology up for the first time in six cities viz. Bangalore, showed 80 to 90% recovery of chemical Chennai, Delhi, Kanpur, Mumbai and Pune, coagulant (alum) from discarded alum- have been completed. The report comprises treated-sludge which can be recycled for reuse. Air Quality Monitoring results for three seasons,

Thus reducing the need for use of fresh alum Chemical Speciation of PM10 & PM2.5, Source besides being both economically and Apportionment through Factor analysis & CMB environmentally viable options in water 8, Emission Inventory with future projections, treatment processes. A bench scale working Analysis of various control scenarios using Model Plant (based on SRP Technology) has dispersion modeling; and preparation of action been initiated. Construction work for 0.5 MLD plans. On MoEF’s advise the report was peer pilot water treatment plant, based on SRP reviewed by international experts. technology at Bhagirathi Water Works (Delhi Trace Metal Characterization in Solid Jal Board), Yamuna Vihar, Delhi is under Waste through ED-XRF progress. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Source Apportionment of Ambient Air (EDXRF) is a non destructive analytical Particulates through Non-Destructive technique, wherein digestion of the solid Analytical Technique Using Energy sample is not required. The ED-XRF analysis Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) of solid waste samples is very fast, accurate Spectrometer and because of the non-destructive nature of To control heavy metal pollution and limit analysis, very small sample quantity is required its harmful impact, stringent regulations are for analysis of large number of trace metals. being implemented by government and Samples were analysed using the above regulatory bodies worldwide. Meeting these instrument. regulations requires appropriate and accurate Trace Metal Characterization in Solid and assessment of metallic species through reliable Hazardous Waste Using Inductively monitoring techniques. Energy Dispersive X- Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is a Spectrometer (ICP-OES) non-destructive analytical technique having The detection of trace metals in wide application in measurement of heavy environmental samples could be accomplished

124 Annual Report 2010-2011 by various methods such as colorimetric, Agriculture, New Delhi and Project Directorate, polarographic, atomic absorption All India Network Project (AINP) on Pesticide spectrophotometer, ICP technique, but trace Residues, Indian Agricultural Research Institute metal analysis using ICP-OES is relatively New Delhi sponsored the above project to simple, accurate versatile and free from Central Pollution Control Board. It is inter- interferences and several trace metals can be ministerial project scheme involving Ministry analyzed simultaneously in a sample. In order of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of to assess the hazardous nature of municipal Chemicals and Fertilizers, Ministry of and industrial solid wastes and the Commerce, Ministry of Environment and Forest environmental impact caused by dumping of and Agricultural Universities. During the project such waste trace metals were detected by ICP- study samples were for analysis of four groups OES. In municipal solid waste and industrial of pesticides viz. Organo-chlorines, Organo- solid waste which are reported to contain phosphates, Synthetic Pyrethroids and various toxic and hazardous metals such as Herbicides (total 32 individual pesticides) were Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, copper, iron, analyzed. manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, antimony, Between April, 2009 to December, 2009, cobalt, vanadium and zinc etc. The samples a total of 559 surface water samples and 41 of solid waste / hazardous wastes were soil samples were collected and analyzed for 4 analyzed for various trace metals analysis. pesticides residues, the data reports were Bio-Remediation of Contaminated Site In forwarded to Project Coordination Cell of the Ranipet Area, Tamil Nadu Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, More than two lakh tonnes hazardous New Delhi. waste (HW) generated over a period of 20 National Implementation Plan (NIP) years was dumped by M/s. Tamil Nadu Under Stockholm Convention Chromates and Chemicals Limited (TCCL) on Harmonization of Monitoring Protocols an unsecured land area of 3.5 hectares within for Dioxin - Furan in Environmental its premises located at Ranipet industrial area, Matrices Tamil Nadu. The leachate from the dump National Reference Trace Organic having Cr (VI) has contaminated the Laboratory was assigned to collate and compile surrounding soil and water environment, with the monitoring and analysis protocols after ground water samples showing Cr (VI) consensus with the participating organizations. concentration in the range of 50 to 200 mg/ l. CPCB has sponsored a demo-project the IIT Madras for field level bio- remediation of Cr (VI) contaminated soil and aquifer in Ranipet area. The concentration of Cr (VI) has been observed to reduce from 2500 mg/kg to less than 200 mg/kg within 41 days. The results indicated that Cr (VI) reduction occurred in most of the wells surrounding the injection wells.

Project “Monitoring of Pesticide Residues” at National Level Department of Agriculture and Fig-50. ‘Perkin Elmer’ Inductively Coupled Plasma – Cooperation (DAC), Ministry of Optical Emission Spectrometer

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Three harmonized protocols were collated and wherein an initiative to develop Plasma compiled for monitoring of Dioxin Furan Pyrolysis technology (PPT) with financial support congeners in stationary source emissions, from Department of Science and Technology ambient air and solid waste. The draft (DST), New Delhi has been done. protocols were circulated to various Standardization of Methodology for participating laboratories. The comments Assessment of Volatile Organic received have been incorporated and following Compounds (VOCS) protocols finalized. The finalized protocols were circulated to UNDP, MoEF and other Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are participating laboratories such as NEERI, the group of organic compounds that readily Nagpur; NIIST, Thiruvananthpuram and evaporate at normal air temperature. Fuel released. oils, gasoline, industrial solvents, paints, and dyes are the major sources of VOCs in Sampling of Dioxin-Furan from environmental matrices, ambient air, soil, particulate and Vapour Phase of ambient sediments, surface water, ground water. Eighty air at Delhi for phase distribution four individual VOCs are listed in USEPA assessment study analytical method, of these the chlorinated Dioxin - Furan congeners have the VOCs are associated with commercial and tendency to be distributed between particulate industrial use and include dozens of chemicals and vapour phase of ambient air and that are typically very mobile, persistent, and stationary source emissions. Central Pollution toxic in the environment. Non-chlorinated Control Board initiated a study of phase VOCs are associated with gasoline, fuel oils, distribution of dioxin-furan in particulate phase and industrial solvents. These chemicals are and vapour phase of ambient air. Particulate also mobile, but are generally less toxic and phase and vapour phase samples were persistent than the chlorinated solvents. CPCB collected at ITO traffic inter-section and initiated the project for standardization of Residential area of East Arjun Nagar during methodology for assessment of VOCs in December 2008, May 2009, August 2009 surface water, drinking water and groundwater and December 2009, with PUF samplers, by purge & trap sample pre-concentration which have inbuilt provision to collect separate followed by GC-MS analysis, the study is in particulate phase and vapour phase PCDDs progress. / PCDFs and analyzed for 17 congeners for Standardization of Methodology for reporting status of phase distribution. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Disposal of Plastics waste through Plasma Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Pyrolysis Technology (PPT) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Disposal of thin plastic bags, metalized are organic compounds induced into the plastics such as gutka pouches, wafer packing environment mainly during the combustion etc., multi-layer plastics such as packaging processes, such as burning of fossil fuels.. materials, PVC materials i.e. PVC tiles, pipes Many of these compounds are carcinogenic etc. is a serious environmental concern all and are often found in water, air (e.g. PAHs over the world. Incineration is commonly used absorbed on airborne particulates) and other technology at present for the disposal of plastic environmental locations. Thus monitoring of and other organic waste material in developed PAHs is very crucial from environment at countries. However, Plasma Pyrolysis is State- consideration. The United States Environment of the- Art technology for the disposal of plastics Protection Agency has designated sixteen PAHs and hazardous waste. CPCB associated itself - Napthalelene, Acenaphthylene, Fluorene, with FCIPT, Institute for Plasma Research Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene,

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Pyrene, Benzo(a)athracene, Chrycene, 107 Lakes, nine Tanks, 44 Ponds, 15 Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Creeks/Seawater, 14 Canals, 18 Drains Benzo(a)pyrene, Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and 490 Wells. Benzo(gh)perylene and Indeno(1,2,3,cd)pyrene iii. Out of 1700 stations, 980 are on rivers, as priority pollutants. The common analytical 117 on lakes, 18 on drains, 27 on canals, method for PAHs employs HPLC with UV nine on tank, 15 on creeks/seawater, 44 detection at 254 nm wavelength another on pond and 490 are groundwater stations analytical option is fluorescence detection for Bio-monitoring is also carried out on PAHs as these compounds have high natural specific locations. In view of manpower and fluorescence. With above in view, CPCB resource constraints organic pollution related initiated a project on standardization of parameters are chosen for frequent monitoring methodology for determination of PAHs by i.e. monthly or quarterly while major cations, reversed-phase HPLC. The methodology for anions, other inorganic ions and micro standardization is in progress adopting HPLC pollutants (toxic metals & POP’s) are analyzed with UV and Fluorescence detector with once in a year to keep a track of water quality following programming option: over large period of time. The water quality Project “Assessment of Persistent Organic data are brought out as ‘Water Quality Status Pollutant (Pops) Residues in Human Year Book’. 4 Population of Delhi with Reference to Water Quality Trend Adverse Health Effects” The water quality monitoring data The POPs persist in the environment at collected between 1995 to 2009 (Fig 51- very low levels and are linked to many health 53)indicated organic and bacterial and environmental effects. The organo-chlorine contamination continued to be critical, pesticides are highly hazardous chemicals and primarily due to increasing discharge of their widespread use makes them available in untreated sewage generated from urban food chain and is absorbed in human body centers which the municipal bodies are unable through skin, inhalation, oral and placental to handle. Besides, the receiving water bodies routes. The above study was a collaborative have inadequate water for dilution. project with University College of Medical Water Quality of Rivers – Bhagirathi, Sciences (UCMS) Delhi to generate Alaknanda and Ganga epidemiological data and establishment of relative risk / relationship between the The river Bhagirathi from its source, flows incidence of adverse health outcomes including about 200 km before meeting river Alaknanda cancer due to exposure to pesticides with at Devprayag at an elevation of 475 m special reference to organo-chlorine Persistent (1,558 ft). Downstream of this confluence the Organic Pollutants residues and Poly- river is known as the Ganga. The stretch of chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). river Alakananda from Joshimath to Devprayag and river Ganga from Devprayag National Water Quality Monitoring to Haridwar was surveyed to assess the impact National Water Quality Monitoring of untreated sewage on the river quality. The Programme (NWRM) water quality of river Ganga is regularly Salient features of NWQM network are given monitored at below: – D/s Missarpur, Haridwar; i. There are 1700 stations spread over 27 – U/s Laxmanjhula, Rishikesh; States and six Union Territories. – River Alaknanda at Devprayag b/c ii. The monitoring network covers 353 Rivers, Bhagirathi;

127 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig-51. Water Quality Trend (BOD, mg/l)

Fig-52. Water Quality Trend (Total Coliform (TC), MPN/100 ml)

Fig-53. Water Quality Trend (Faecal Coliform (FC), MPN/100 ml)

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– River Alaknanda at Deoprayag a/c as polluted locations with respect to risk. Priority Bhagirathi; levels of polluted stretch are based on the risk – River Bhagirathi at Deoprayag b/c defined as; Alaknanda; Risk = Frequency of Violation of Criteria – River Alaknanda at Rudraprayag a/c X Consequence (Magnitude) Mandakini; The criteria formulated for identification – River Alaknanda at Rudraprayag b/c of polluted river stretches for priority one to Mandakini and five based on BOD was found to be applicable for 150 stretches listed as ‘Priority – River Mandakini at Rudraprayag b/c polluted river stretches’ as follows : Alaknanda in the stretch under reference by CPCB. – Priority 1 (BOD>30mg/l and BOD exceeding 6mg/l on all occasions) The monitoring data collected indicated that the water quality was meeting desired – Priority 2 (BOD between 20 & 30 mg/l) criteria w.r.t. pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and – Priority 3 (BOD between 10 & 20 mg/l) BOD; however for faecal coliform the criteria – Priority 4 (BOD Between 6-10 mg/l) limits for bathing waters were exceeded. – Priority 5 (BOD between 3 & 6 mg/l) 4 Water Quality Status of River Yamuna National Air Quality Monitoring The river Yamuna (entire 1376 Km. stretch) is regularly monitored by CPCB at 21 National Ambient Air Quality Standards locations, the monitoring frequency is once a (NAAQS) year at two uppermost locations, quarterly at The ambient air quality objectives/ three locations and monthly at remaining standards are pre-requisite for developing locations. The deterioration in the water quality programme for effective management of of river Yamuna is caused by indiscriminate ambient air quality and to reduce the wastewater discharges from various sources. damaging effects of air pollution. The previous The condition aggravated further due to National Ambient Air Quality Standards inadequate water to enhance self purification (NAAQS) notified in year 1994 addressed six capacity of the river. There was barely any pollutants (SO2, NO2, RSPM /PM10, SPM, CO flow in river Yamuna River during the period and lead). The pollutant Ammonia was added April to September 2009 except at few in 1996. The revised National Ambient Air locations in a stretch of about 210 km between Quality Standards notified in November 2009

Hathnikund barrage upto Palla. addresses the pollutants namely: (SO2, NO2, PM , SPM, CO, NH , Benzo(a)pyrene B(a)P, Identification of Polluted River Stretches 10 3 O , Lead, Nickel and Arsenic) . The uses of rivers for various purposes 3 require specific physio-chemical and National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring bacteriological characteristics. The river Programme stretches not meeting the water quality criteria Central Pollution Control Board is and having BOD > 3 mg/l are identified as executing a nation-wide National Air Quality polluted stretches. These polluted stretches are Monitoring Programme (NAMP). The further classified under different priority levels monitoring under the NAMP is being carried on the basis of extent of pollution. The water out with the help of Central Pollution Control quality data for the years 2002-2008 was Board; Zonal Offices; State Pollution Control analyzed and the monitoring locations Boards; Pollution Control Committees and exceeding the water quality criteria identified National Environmental Engineering Research

129 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Institute (NEERI), Nagpur. The growth of Central Pollution Control Board have initiated operating Air Quality Monitoring Stations in establishment of a Lidar based air quality the country is given in Fig-54. The air quality forecasting system, during Common wealth network has 411 operating stations covering Games – 2010 with technical assistance from 167 cities/towns in 26 States and five Union Government of France. In this regard, Territories. Trend in annual average Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) concentration in SO2 levels in various cities is between CPCB and French companies was depicted below showed a decreasing trend in signed. Work on the study has been initiated Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai etc., during Continuous Ambient Air Quality last five years. The decreasing trend in sulphur Monitoring (CAAQM) dioxide levels may be due to various measures taken such as reduction of sulphur in diesel, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) use of LPG instead of coal as domestic fuel has started National Air Quality Monitoring conversion of diesel vehicles to CNG etc. Programme (NAMP) in 1984 to assess air Regarding trend in annual average quality & the effectiveness of pollution control concentration in NO levels in various programmes and air quality trends. The present 2 Indian (National) Air quality Monitoring Metropolitan cities depicted below NO2 levels were within the national standards. Various Network is limited in its scope of application measures such as implementation of Bharat and hence, there is need to modernize the Stage-III norms have been taken to mitigate existing system to International standard. ambient NO build up . Internationally use of continuous Automatic 2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring is widely Ambient Air Quality for criteria pollutants accepted. In most of the countries it is the - Agra requirement to do air quality monitoring using CPCB’s Agra Project Office is monitoring automatic analyzers and the manual ambient air quality since year 2001 at four monitoring is done as a complement to online locations basis. The data collected is compiled measurements. CPCB has initiated a project for the following locations in the Taj Trapezium: “Private Participation in the Management of – Tajmahal, Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring – Etmad-ud-daulah, Station / Network under the proposed option of Operation Contract”. The project is being – Rambagh (all above three are protected executed as Pilot Project in four cities namely monuments) and Delhi, Lucknow, Bangalore and Chennai under – Nunhai (industrial Area) Operational Contract. Each identified city will Observations were compared as per the be having a Pilot Network of three CAAQM revised national ambient air quality standards Stations (One in residential area, one in (NAAQS) indicated that the annual general industrial area and one in traffic hotspot area). trends of the four criteria pollutants at the four Continuous air quality monitoring stations from year 2002 to 2009 showed that (CAAQM) using online monitoring instruments SPM concentration was lower than that in year in Delhi is conducted at three fixed locations 2002, the RSPM values in general were higher and using mobile van at one location : w.r.t. year 2002, where no major changes – Delhi College of Engineering (DCE), were observed for SO2 & NO2 between years 2002 to 2009. – Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg (ITO) Air Quality Management during – Siri Fort Commonwealth Games–2010 Besides ONE mobile van stationed at The Ministry of Environment & Forests and CPCB Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjun Nagar. On

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Fig-54. Growth of Operating Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network line air quality data (updated every 15min) of “Male Declaration for the study of trans- 4 these four stations are displayed on CPCB’s boundary movement of pollutants”. The site is website (www.cpcb.nic.in). located about 70 km. east of Kolkata Emission Inventory and Source bordering Bangladesh. Twenty four hour Apportionment Studies for Indian ambient air quality monitoring is conducted Cities for at least ten days in a month, for parameters RSPM (Fig-56), NO , SO and meteorological Under the project ‘Air Quality Assessment, 2 2 data. Emission Inventory And Source Apportionment Studies For Indian Cities ‘studies on Noise Pollution Control development of emission factors for vehicles, Ambient Noise Monitoring Network and source emission profiles for vehicular as Programme In India well as non-vehicular sources have been As per section 5.2.8 (IV) of National concluded. Source apportionment studies have Environmental Policy (NEP)-2006, CPCB is in been carried out at six major cities viz. Delhi the process of developing Noise Monitoring (NEERI), Mumbai (NEERI), Chennai (IITM), Network in India. It has been decided to Bangalore (TERI), Pune (ARAI) and Kanpur include ambient noise as a regular parameter (IITK) for assessing contribution of different for monitoring in specified urban areas to source categories in the ambient air quality begin with 26 cities have been selected. and subsequent preparation of Air Quality Monitoring stations shall be located in silence Management Plan. The report is under s / residential / commercial / industrial areas comprise air quality monitoring results for three depending upon the major noise sources. The seasons. data will provide necessary information for Air Quality Monitoring Under Male decision makers, develop protocols for ambient Declaration noise monitoring network. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring under Sewage Treatment Male Declaration at international boundary Status of Water Supply, Wastewater with Bangladesh is being done at Port Generation and Treatment in Class-I Cities Canning, West Bengal under the program and Class-II Towns.

131 Ministry of Environment & Forests

monitored regularly by CPCB on monthly basis. Out of the twenty five drains, seventeen drains discharge into river Yamuna (Fig-57.), six into Agra canal and remaining two drains into Gurgaon canal. Performance of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in U.P., Haryana and Delhi under Yamuna Action Plan CPCB regularly monitors four sewage treatment plants constructed under Yamuna Action Plan (three STPs in Haryana State & one STP in Delhi) for their performance Fig-55. : Lidar based air quality forecasting system evaluation under National River Conservation The status of water supply and sanitation Directorate project. indicates the environmental quality in terms of COASTAL ISSUES : Status of water supply, aquatic pollution load. The Central Pollution wastewater generation, treatment in Class-I Control Board (CPCB) published three reports cities & Class-II towns in coastal areas in the last three decades on the status of The Central Pollution Control Board water supply and waste water generation, (CPCB) published three reports in the last three collection, treatment and disposal in Class-I decades on the status of water supply and cities and Class-II towns (1978-79, 1989-90 waste water generation, collection, treatment and 2000). The present study is the fourth in and disposal in Class-I cities and Class-II the series which provides the status of water towns (1978-79, 1989-90 and 2000). The supply, sewage generation and treatment of fourth study which was conducted in 2008 498 Class-I cities and 410 Class-II towns along includes information on 53 coastal class-I with the information on 53 coastal class-I cities cities and 35 coastal class-II towns also. The and 35 coastal class-II towns. coastal states covered were Andhra Pradesh, Monitoring of Major Wastewater Drains Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, West / Outfalls in NCT Delhi Bengal and Kerala. The per capita water supply was higher in West Bengal, Kerala, Twenty five major wastewater drains Maharashtra and Orissa. Maximum wastewater joining River Yamuna / Canals from National generation was in the coastal towns in Kerala Capital Territory (NCT) - Delhi are being and West Bengal. The two mega cities

Fig-56. Trends of Average RSPM Concentration at Port Canning (Near to Bangaldesh Border) (Sept. 04 to Dec 09)

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Mumbai and Kolkata are major contributor stations. The various segments of study covered to wastewater generation. were Platform Vendors, Offices at station, Wastes Management Pantry cars, Waiting / Retiring Rooms, Dustbins, Rag Pickers, and Kabadis . There are about Road Map for Management of Hazardous 235 to 260 rag pickers actively involved in Waste the collection of value added plastic products. A draft road map for hazardous waste The solid waste generation at Hazarat management has been developed by Central Nizamuddin station was about four tonns, at Pollution Control Board and the same has old Delhi Station about eight tonns and at been forwarded to MoEF for consideration New Delh Station it was about 11.25 tonns and publication. The road map emphasizes respectively. The quantity of plastic waste the 3 R’s principle i.e. reduce, reuse and generation at Hazarat Nizamuddin station was recycling and suggests various actions such as is 972 kg, at Old Delhi station it was 1428 creation of waste exchange bank, proposal kg and at New Delhi station was 4,358 kg. for incentives to re-processors with state-of- b) Airports : The domestic airport at the-art facilities to meet CPCB guidelines & New Delhi has three terminals, i.e. Terminal beyond, performance evaluation of TSDFs, on- 1A and Terminal 1B and Domestic arrival line tracking system for movement of terminal 1C. Terminal 1A caters to domestic 4 hazardous waste etc. flights of the Indian Airlines and its subsidiary Plastic Waste Management Airlines while terminal IB and IC caters to CPCB released the findings of reports on other airlines. The International Terminal or - Assessment of Plastic Waste and its Terminal II of Indira Gandhi International Management in Railways & Airports . The Airport (IGIA) New Delhi, from where 35 highlights are briefed below : international airlines fly at regular intervals to the major cities across the world. The study a) Railways : Delhi has three major area includes, Terminal Vendors, Restaurants, railway stations (H.Nizmuddin, Old Delhi and Dustbins, Air Caterers and Waste collectors. New Delhi Railway Stations), which cater The maximum quantity of plastic waste is being maximum commuters of National capital. generated by air caterers as compared to There are 460 dustbins to store the waste at other sources. The quantity of solid waste

Sarita Vihar Drain Other Drains 1.2% 12.7%

Power House Drain 1.5%

Discharge into old Agra canal 13.7%

Najafgarh Drain 52.6%

Shahdara Drain 18.3%

Fig-57. Percentage Discharge to river Yamuna from is Delhi in year 2009

133 Ministry of Environment & Forests generated per day is about 14 tonns. The Central Board constituted an expert total quantity of plastic waste generated at committee for evaluation of the new state of airport (domestic and International) reported the treatment technologies for disposed of Bio was 4,130 kg per day. Out of which, 2,666 Medical Waste of Occupational Environment kg/day was generated at domestic airport and & Health, Maulana Azad Medical College, 1,523 kg/day at International airport. New Delhi. Bio-Medical Waste Management Battery Management Rules For effective management of bio-medical It was observed that the compliance of waste generated from Health Care Facilities the Battery Management & Handling Rules - (HCFs), Government of India promulgated Bio- 2001 rules at the level of almost all the stake medical Waste (Management & Handling) holders was unsatisfactory. Majority of SPCBs Rules in July 1998 (hereafter referred as BMW are not filing the annual compliance status Rules) under the Environment (Protection) Act, reports to CPCB. The re-call of used lead 1986. There has been increase in number acid batteries by the unorganized sectors and of CBWTFs over the years presently there are its recycling in an unscientific manner is still 177 CBWTFs to facilitate proper treatment taking place, thereby causing environmental and disposal of bio-medical waste in the concern. country. Based on the annual report In order to formulate the ‘Code of practice information received from the SPCBs and PCCs for Environmentally Sound Management of (except Lakshadweep Pollution Control Used Lead Acid Batteries’, a committee Committee as on 31 March 2009), salient comprising of the Experts from CII, ILZDA features are given below: and CPCB has been constituted. NPC has i. No. of healthcare : 95,273 been engaged by CPCB to prepare the facilities comprehensive industry document (COIND) on ii. No. of beds : 1418984 ‘Secondary Lead and Zinc Smelting Units’. iii. No. of Common : 177 Regarding Amendment in the Battery Rules Bio-medical Waste a mass awareness programmes were Treatment Facilities organized at Mumbai, Jaipur and Bangalore during 2008-09 and at Kolkata and Jallandhar (CBWTF) in 2009-10 by CPCB jointly with SPCBs. The iv. No. of healthcare : 63434 major suggestions emerging from the facilities (HCFs) using workshops are summarized below: CBWTFs – The need to enhance the frequency of v. Quantity of : 409.10* mass awareness programmes and bio-medical waste organize the same at district levels; generated in – Re - conditioners are mostly found in Tons/day roadside shops hence unorganized sector. vi. Quantity of : 295.30 A need to be explored whether they can bio-medical waste be covered under the municipal laws treated in Tons /day (through issue of trade license) with Note: * Above details excludes the bio- technical support from SPCB. medical waste generated from Lakshadweep – Establishment of ‘Authorized Collection UT as well as Bio-medical wastes generated Centers’ by Battery Manufacturers needs (about 4.2 Tons per day) from Armed Forces to be publicized and made more visible Health Care Establishments & accessible to the public.

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– Unauthorized & illegal Recyclers (smelters) – Development of mechanism for Collection are still operating in the country almost of Waste Electrical, Electronics Equipments everywhere and responsible for violating (WEEE) the provisions of the rule to a great extent. – Preventing Dumping of used/old To have proper control on these illegal equipment. smelters, there is a need to prevent the supply of raw materials to them. – Study of International Practices for Management of E-Waste – The re-collection of the used batteries by the importers is very poor and no – Sharing of Information/Technology responsibility is fixed. – Reduction of Hazardous Substances in EEE – The exact definition of ‘Bulk Consumer’ Development of Environmental in the said rules is not available. This Standards must be elaborated with particular regard Bulk Drug Industry to capacity and numbers of the lead acid batteries being used. The Central Pollution Control Board took up the task to collect & collate information Management of E-Waste related to design and operation of incinerators Based on the recommendations of the installed in Bulk Drug industries, and conducted 4 ‘Principal Director of Audit, Scientific performance study in order to evolve emission Department, New Delhi’ on the Performance standards for three incinerators. The Audit Report on ‘Management of Waste in Environmental Standards for incinerator for India’, Ministry of Environment & Forests pharmaceutical industry was notified. Effluent (MoEF), constituted a committee to evolve Standards of Pharmaceutical Industry - The ‘Road Map’ for Management of Wastes Central Pollution Control Board developed including E-waste Management in the Country. standards both for formulation as well as bulk Accordingly a draft road map on e-waste drug industry under Schedule- I of the management has been prepared, some of Environment (Protection) Act,1986 Effluent the issues covered were : Standards (at serial numbers 39 and 73 were – Strengthening of Legislative Frame Work reviewed) and a common standard notified in - a draft rule on the management of e- the Gazzette on July 9, 2009. waste is under preparation at MoEF in Dye & Dye Intermediate Industry which CPCB has contributed significantly. Dye & dye Intermediates manufacturing – Developing mechanism to check Illegal processes use several raw materials and import of the e-waste generate considerable pollution (solid wastes, – Making Legal Provisions for Extended effluents and air emissions). In general, the Producer Responsibility (EPR) wastes and emissions generated depend on the raw material and equipment used, as well – Phasing Out hazardous substance in as the manufacturing processes employed. Electrical Electronic Equipments (EEE) to The environmental standard was finalized in the extent possible the Expert Committee meeting held on January – Re-visiting import provisions in SEZ 28, 2010 at MoEF. Regulation Basic Organic Chemical Industry – Banning Import of CRT Organic Chemicals manufacturing – Regulating Import based on longer usable processes use various raw materials and life time generate solid wastes, effluent and emissions.

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The manufacture of basic organic chemicals conductive to human health. Accordingly, is mostly accomplished in multi – steps, with Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules each steps (generally batch process) generating 2000 has been amended vide SO 50 (E) waste that includes raw materials that remain dated 11.01.2010 with the title ‘The Noise un-reacted. Some of the wastes have high Pollution (Regulation and Control) calorific value were developed by CPCB and (Amendment) Rules, 2010’. the Environmental Standard for sector specific Review of effluent standards & incinerator for organic chemical industry development of emission standards for finalised in the Expert committee meeting held dyes and dye intermediate industry on January 28, 2010 at MoEF. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Implementation of New Environmental evolved standards for discharge of effluent Standards for Petroleum Oil Refineries from dyes and dye intermediate industries, and Mass Based Standards for Oil which were notified in 1987 under the Refineries Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. These In 2008, revised effluent and emission standards are under review, besides, standards standards for oil refineries were notified under for emissions are also being developed. the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. During National Chemical Laboratory has been the year 2009 – 2010, load based standards engaged for the work. The basic studies have for Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU) in oil refineries been completed and draft report is under was also notified. All refineries and State preparation. Pollution Control Boards have been directed COINDS of Large and Small scale Pulp to implement the revised standards. & Paper Industries Revision of Ambient Air Quality Criteria/ The existing notified effluent and emission Standards standards listed in the (Environment ) Protection After an interval of 15 years, National Act wer reviewed and uniform standards for Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were both Large (wood based) and Small (Agro revised by CPCB and notified under the based) Pulp & Paper industries irrespective of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 on their production capacity, size and raw material November 16, 2009 vide notification no. proposed by CPCB. The proposed standards G.S.R. 826(E); and the Air (Prevention and for waste paper based industries are under Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 vide notification consideration of the Peer & Core Committee. no. B-29016/20/90/PCI-I on November 18, Performance Evaluation of Air Pollution 2009. Control Systems in Pulp & Paper Industry Amendment of noise pollution (Regulation CPCB has identified ten units to carryout & Control) rules. 2000 in-depth study w.r.t. the above project of the Ministry of Environment & Forests five plants surveyed it was observed that most constituted a committee headed by the mills had Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) Chairman CPCB to examine the Noise boiler (either atmospheric FBC or circulatory Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 FBC). The boilers use fuels like coal, wood in the context of various court orders and dust, effluent sludge, bagasse pith, coconut complaints received from the public as well. shell, paddy husk, coir pith, etc. Large and The committee, after reviewing the noise small paper mills have installed ESPs for pollution rules, 2000, recommended few control of particulate emissions which in waste amendments to make the said rules more paper based mills or small agro based mills

136 Annual Report 2010-2011 multi cyclone was the air pollution control For the first time, Comprehensive device. environmental assessment has been done by Development of COINDS for cement plants CPCB & MoEF for the 88 prominent Industrial clusters of the country on the basis of A study on “Development of COINDS on Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index cement plants” was undertaken in association (CEPI) number. The present CEPI system is with National Council for Cement and Building intended to be used as an early warning tool Materials, Ballabhgarh. Based on the study, for categorizing industrial clusters/areas in revision of particulate matter standards can terms of the severity of the overall pollution be considered. Development of emission levels. The features of CEPI are summed below: standards for SO2 & NOx and load based emission standards for particulate matter from – CEPI may be used as a tool in synthesizing cement plant is under assessment. the available information on environmental status of areas by using Revision of emission limits for new genset quantitative criteria and its ability to engines reduce complex information into smaller Revision of emission limits for new Genset and more easily retained information. engines (upto 800 KW) run on diesel has been – CEPI could help in determining the proposed in the 11th meeting of the Standing 4 effectiveness and comparing alternate Committee held on November 10, 2009. Draft plans and policies and assist decision- proposal has been sent to all certification makers in initiating appropriate measures agencies and Indian Diesel Engine in grading polluted / polluting industrial Manufacturers’ Association (IDEMA) for clusters. circulation among stake holders for their views/ comments. The Hon’ble Minister released two reports pertaining to CEPI) for 88 Industrial Development of COINDS for Bee-Hive Clusters. Coke Oven Plants Mass Awarrness Coke is a hard gray, porous solid residue left after bituminous coal is heated to high CPCB launched ‘Paryavaran Darshan’ on th temperature under anaerobic conditions June 5 2010 .The program is a weekly TV wherein volatile organics are driven out, the program with Doordarshan as a mass media residue is mainly carbon. Coke is an ideal effort through DD National & 18 Regional fuel in several industries mainly Steel plants Channels. in blast furnaces, metallurgical processes Hazardous Substances Management (ferrous & non – ferrous) in foundries and in (HSM) some lime kilns. CPCB has initiated a study Introduction and Objectives that includes compliance of standards and clean technologies to be adopted. Planning and overseeing the implementation of policies and programs on Comprehensive Environmental Pollution management of hazardous substance and Index (CEPI) chemical emergencies is the task assigned to The Ministry of Environment & Forests the Hazardous Substance Management (MoEF) has adopted a Comprehensive Division (HSMD). The mandate is to promote Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) system of safe handling, management and use of environmental assessment of the Industrial hazardous substances which includes hazardous Clusters, evolved by the Central Pollution chemicals, hazardous and other wastes. The Control Board in collaboration with IIT, Delhi. objectives of the scheme are:

137 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– Proper handling and disposal of wastes. Information System for tracking the waste – Environmentally sound recycling of wastes. from its generation to its disposal point. An inter-ministerial coordination – Effective management of chemical committee has also been constituted to accidents. co-ordinate at the field level for effective – Creation of management structure for implementation of the Hazardous Waste hazardous wastes. (HW) Rules. The following four International Conventions National Inventory of Hazardous Wastes are also handled in HSMD: – As per information of Central Pollution – The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Control Board (CPCB), there are 36,165 Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for industries in the country generating about certain Hazardous Chemicals & Pesticides 6.2 million Metric Ton (MT) of hazardous in International Trade. waste every year, of which Landfillable – The Stockholm Convention on Persistent waste is 2.7 million MT (49.55%), Organic Pollutants (POPs) incinerable 0.41 million MT (6.67%) and Recyclable Hazardous Waste 3.08 million – The Basel Convention on Control of MT (43.78%). Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes. Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) – Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management (SAICM) – Common Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) have been Hazardous Waste Management developed for the disposal of land – To regulate management of hazardous disposable Hazardous Waste (HW) at waste generated within the country as well twenty seven different places in fourteen as export/import of such wastes, the States namely, Gujarat (Eight Nos.), Hazardous Waste (Management and Maharashtra (four Nos.), Uttar Pradesh Handling) Rules, 1989 were notified under (three Nos.), Punjab (One Nos.), the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Himachal Pradesh (One Nos.), Madhya New rules titled Hazardous Waste Pradesh (one no.), Punjab(one no.), (Management, Handling & Transboundary Rajasthan (one no.), Tamil Nadu (one no.) Movement) Rules, 2008 have been and West Bengal (one no.). Total waste notified superseding the earlier regulation. handling capacities (disposal capacity) of – A national on hazardous wastes is being these facilities, is 15,00,568 MTA which prepared to facilitate implementation of is much less than the present generation an action plan for management of of 27, 28,326 MTA of land-disposable hazardous waste and to fulfill obligations Hazardous Wastes. under the Basel Convention on – There are 14 common incinerators in transboundary movement of hazardous seven states of the country having a waste including their minimization, capacity of 25.00 MT per hour. environmentally sound management and – During the year, financial assistance of active promotion of cleaner technology. `2.20 crores has been provided to the – The Ministry has sponsored a project on states of Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and a web based National Hazardous Waste West Bengal.

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Co-incineration of High Calorific Value – A sub-scheme entitled “Industrial Pocket- Hazardous Wastes wise Hazard Analysis” has been in – The problems of limited capacity of operation since the Eighth Five Year Plan. Out of 303 districts having Maximum incinerators, secure land-fills, high Accident Hazard Units, the Off-site disposal cost can be effectively addressed Emergency Plans are available for 180 by co-processing of these wastes in cement districts During 2009-10, the Ministry has kiln, iron & steel plants and power plants initiated preparation of Hazardous and power plants. When compared to Analysis and Off-site Emergency Plans for conventional incineration, there is a triple 16 districts. During 2010-11, Ministry has benefit in co-processing in terms of energy initiated preparation of Off-site recovery, saving of fuel and resource Emergency Plans for 41 districts. conservation. The high temperature alkaline media in Cement Kiln can – Financial assistance for conducting effectively absorb variety of chemicals/ training programmes on Emergency elements released from waste without Preparedness, Accident Prevention has been provided to National Safety affecting the quality of cement. Also it Councils, Kerala State Productivity Council gives better destruction efficiency than 4 and other state run institutions. The main incinerator due to higher temperature and objective of the programme is to more retention time. effectively prepare, prevent and mitigate – CPCB has conducted 11 trial runs in years emergencies arising due to chemicals and 2009-2010. The Ministry has approved to impress upon the people concerned the project on ‘Trail runs for Co-processing the necessity of emergency preparedness of Hazardous Wastes and other wastes in and response. Cement Plants, Power Plants, Iron and – The Ministry continues to take follow-up Steel industries’ for a total cost of `5.04 steps for improving implementation of the crores. The first installment of `2.00 crores Manufacture, Storage and Import of has been released for carrying out trial Hazardous Chemical (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 runs for eight category of hazardous waste and the Chemical Accidents (Emergency in four plants each of cement, thermal Planning, Preparedness and Response) power plants, iron and steel industries Rules, 1996. during the year 2010-11. About eighty – A “GIS based Emergency Planning the eight trial runs would be conducted during Response System” for chemical accidents the period. in Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units has Chemical Safety been developed in selected six districts – The Manufacture, Storage and Import of each for Gujarat and Maharashtra. Hazardous Chemical (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 – Accident Information and Reporting and the Chemical Accident (Emergency System (CAIRS) has been developed. Planning, Preparedness and Response) – The Ministry has initiated the process for Rules, 1996 are the main instruments for development of National Implementation ensuring chemical safety in the country. Plan (NIP) under the Stockholm There are one thousand eight hundred Convention. The activities relating to ninety four MAH units in the country, development of NIP have been assigned located in 303 districts. to premier scientific and research

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institutions. The draft NIP would be downloads/public-information/Roadmap- available by May, 2011. Mgmt-Waste.pdf. Management of Plastic Waste – Financial assistance has been provided to various State Pollution Control Boards – The Ministry of Environment and Forests for organizing training workshops and (MoEF) notified the draft “Plastics public awareness on management of (Manufacture, Usage and Waste municipal solid waste. Management) Rules, 2009” to replace the Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Mercury Rules, 1999 (amended in 2003) to – UNEP has initiated Intergovernmental regulate the manufacture and usage of Negotiating Committee (INC) Meetings plastic carry bags. The draft rules were with the mandate to prepare a mercury widely published for public comments. An instrument. The INC has commenced its expert committee was constituted by the work in 2010 and would conclude in 2013 (MoEF) to examine these comments and over five Intergovernmental Negotiating to suggest economic instruments. These Committee meetings. First session of the Rules were finalized as Plastic Waste Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (Management and Handling) Rules 2011 Meeting (INC-1) on mercury held on June and notified on 04.02.2011. The full text 7-11, in Stockholm, Sweden and the of the notification may be accessed at second session of the Intergovernmental http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public- Negotiating Committee Meeting (INC-2) information/DOC070211-005.pdf. on mercury held on January 24-28, 2011 in Chiba, Japan. India participated in – Financial assistance has been provided these meetings. to various State Pollution Control Boards – A Master Plan Study on Mercury relating for organizing training workshops and to Environmentally Sound Management public awareness on management of of Mercury in Fluorescent Lamps has been Plastic Waste. initiated. Management of Municipal Solid Waste – A project proposal on “Inventory of – MoEF has reviewed the prescribed limits mercury in Indian coals and estimation of for non-paper recyclable material in waste mercury emission from coal based thermal paper consignments being imported from power plants” is being initiated. other countries. The revised guidelines and Management of Chemicals specifications for non-recyclable material – A draft Hazardous Substances in waste paper consignment have been (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) notified. Rules is being finalized. – A Committee was constituted to evolve – The project on “Inventorization of Lead, Road Map on Management of wastes in Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic in Paints, India. The report of the Committee can Distempers and Pigments” is being be accessed at http://moef.nic.in/ initiated.

140 CHAPTER-5 CONSERVATION OF WATER BODIES Ministry of Environment & Forests

National River Conservation – Interception and diversion works to capture Directorate the raw sewage flowing into the river through open drains and divert them for The National River Conservation treatment. Directorate (NRCD), functioning under the Ministry of Environment and Forests is engaged – Setting up Sewage Treatment Plants for in implementing the River and Lake Action treating the diverted sewage. Plans under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) & National Lake Conservation – Construction of Low Cost Sanitation toilets Plan (NLCP) by providing financial assistance to prevent open defecation on river banks. to the State Governments. – Construction of Electric crematoria and Improved Wood Crematoria to conserve National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) the use of wood. Introduction Recent Initiatives in river Conservation The objective of National River Mission conservation Plan (NRCP) is to improve the National Ganga River Basin Authority water quality of the rivers, which are the major water sources in the country, through the National Ganga River Basin Authority implementation of pollution abatement works, (NGRBA) was constituted on 20th February, to the level of designated best use. So far a 2009, under the chairmanship of the Prime total of 38 rivers have been covered under Minister as an empowered planning, financing, the programme. (Table-18) monitoring and coordinating authority for the Ganga River, in exercise of the powers The pollution abatement works taken up conferred under the Environment (Protection) so far under the NRCP include: Act, 1986. Table-18. Rivers covered under NRCP

S. River S. River S. River S. River 1 Adyar 11 Ganga 21 Musi 31 Tapi 2 Betwa 12 Godavari 22 Narmada 32 Tunga 3 Beehar 13 Gomati 23 Pennar 33 Tungabadra 4 Bhadra 14 Khan 24 Pamba 34 Tamrabarani 5. Brahmani 15 Krishna 25 Panchganga 35 Vaigai 6 Cauvery 16 Kshipra 26 Rani Chu 36 Vennar 7 Cooum 17 Mahanadi 27 Sabarmati 37 Wainganga 8 Chambal 18 Mandovi 28 Satluj 38 Yamuna 9 Damodar 19 Mandakini 29 Subarnarekha 10 Dhipu & Dhansiri 20 Mahananda 30 Tapti

142 Annual Report 2010-2011

In its first meeting on 5th October, 2009, the Authority decided that under Mission Clean Ganga it will be ensured that by 2020 no untreated municipal sewage and industrial effluents flow into Ganga and the investments required to create the necessary treatment and sewerage infrastructure will be shared suitably between the Centre and the State Governments.

An Action Plan was approved by the NGRBA in its first meeting, to achieve the Fig-58. River Ganga at Badrinath 55 aforesaid Mission objective. Implementation of this Action Plan was reviewed in the 2nd Meeting of the NGRBA under NGRBA. A number of intermediate on 1st November, 2010. reports will be prepared containing actionable projects and concrete The following steps have been taken by proposals. Preparation of this Plan will the Ministry of Environment & Forests to take a period of 18 months. implement the Action Plan: – Revision of Guidelines for preparation – Preparation of Basin Management Plan: of DPRs: The guidelines prepared in the A comprehensive River Basin year 2002 for DPR preparation have been Management Plan for Ganga is being revised with the help of IIT Roorkee. As prepared. This work has been entrusted per the new guidelines, whole river basin to a consortium of seven Indian Institutes will be considered for river conservation of Technology (IITs) (Kanpur, Delhi, schemes. Preparation of City Sanitation Madras, Bombay, Kharagpur, Guwahati Plan is required and on that basis schemes and Roorkee). In this regard, a will be selected for abatement of Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) has pollution. Prefeasibility report will also be been signed on 6th July, 2010 by the MoEF prepared before preparing DPR. & the IITs. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) plan for first five years will be inbuilt in the The Plan is being prepared with the Detailed Project Report (DPR) whereas for objective of taking comprehensive next ten years O&M plan based on measures for restoration of the recovery will be included. Stake holder wholesomeness of the Ganga system and consultation at project formulation stage, improvement of its ecological health. The provision of integrated sewer network up Plan will be the basis for specific projects to the house property line to ensure 100% to be undertaken, policy interventions sewage collection, signing of tripartite required and non-project investments Memorandum of Agreement (MoA)

143 Ministry of Environment & Forests

among Government of India, SG and ULB implementation of Authority’s work for improved implementation of projects, programme and prescribe measures to appraisal of projects proposals by achieve its objectives. An Empowered independent institutions/experts to Steering Committee (ESC) has been enhance quality of DPR and cost constituted for appraisal and sanction of optimization. project proposals on a Fast Track Mode.

– Initial portfolio of projects: In order – State River Conservation Authorities: To to bridge the critical deficit in sewage facilitate coordination and implementation infrastructure and treatment capacity, and of the conservation activities at the State other related activities for river level, Empowered State River Conservation conservation in towns along the river Authorities (SRCAs) have been notified Ganga the first phase of projects worth under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 `1450 crores has been approved for for all the five Ganga States. development of sewer networks, sewage treatment plants and sewage pumping – Dedicated implementation institutions in stations, electric crematoria, community States: States have been requested to set toilets, development of river fronts, etc. up dedicated entities for timely These projects are currently under implementation and proper O&M of implementation by the states. NGRBA projects.

– Funding of NGRBA projects: The existing – Memorandum of Agreements (MoA) : NRCP funding pattern i.e. 70:30 between Tripartite MoAs are being signed with the the Centre and States is being followed State Governments/Urban Local Bodies for NGRBA projects. Planning in respect of sanctioned projects. The Commission has been requested to agree MoAs provide for commitments by the to the proposal that the O&M costs of the Centre and States for funding of the assets created under NGRBA will be shared projects, regular monitoring and review by the Central and State Governments on of implementation, coordination by the 70:30 basis for five years, with a review State Governments with the ULBs and at the end of two years. During this time, other agencies to ensure synergy with the States are expected to build the programs like JNNURM/UIDSSMT etc. 29 technical and financial capacity of ULBs MoAs have been signed so far. to ensure O&M on a sustained basis. – Independent appraisal of Detailed – Measures for improving implementation: Project Reports: Reputed professional The following are among the measures institutions have been appointed for taken to improve implementation of appraisal of DPRs for works to be taken projects under NGRBA; up for sanction under NGRBA.

– Standing Committee and Empowered – Third Party Inspection: Third Party Steering Committee: A Standing Inspection (TPI) for projects has been Committee of NGRBA has been introduced, covering all four stages in constituted with Union Finance Minister the life cycle of a project, namely Pre- as chairman to function on behalf of the construction, Construction, Authority, take necessary decisions and Commissioning & trial run and, Post- periodically review and assess construction. The inputs of third party

144 Annual Report 2010-2011

inspection will be taken into consideration National River Conservation Plan before release of funds. (Externally Aided Projects) – Industrial Pollution: In order to effectively Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) – (Phase-I) tackle the problem of industrial pollution, Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) Phase I was a dedicated cell is being set up in Central launched by the Ministry to take up the Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for pollution abatement works in Yamuna river in inspection and monitoring of industrial the States Uttar Pradesh, Delhi & Haryana in units discharging effluents into the river April 1993 as a component of Ganga Action Ganga. In the first instance, the cell will Plan Phase-II with a loan assistance from focus its efforts on the critical stretch of Japan Bank for International Coperation (JBIC). about 500 kms from Kannauj to Varanasi. This project has been completed at a total National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) – cost of ` 682 crores and 269 out of the total (Other Schemes) 269 schemes have been completed in February 2003. Under this plan, a sewage treatment At present, the National River Conservation capacity of 753.25 mld out of the envisaged Plan (NRCP) includes works in 178 towns along capacity of 753.25 has been created, with polluted stretches of 39 rivers spread over 20 55 the state-wise break up of 322 mld (in states on 70:30 funding pattern between Centre Haryana), 401.25 mld (for Uttar Pradesh) and and States. This includes works undertaken 30 mld. (in Delhi). under GAP-II. The total cost of the sanctioned projects is about `6311 crores. The main rivers Yamuna Action Plan (Phase-II) under this Plan are Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti Government of India, Ministry of and Damodar, Mahananda, Godavari, Musi, Environment & Forests have received financial Sabarmati, Tungabhadra, Krishna, Satluj, assistance of Yen 13.33 billion from the Japan Cauvery Ranichu, Veehar, Narmada etc. Out International Cooperation Agency for of an sanctioned cost of `6311 crores for NRCP, an amount of `3419.31 crores has been released by the Government of India so far. 860 schemes have been completed as against 1124 number sanctioned of schemes. 4537.80 mld has been sanctioned so far on the basis of sanctioned DPRs within the approved cost of the respective projects and a capacity to treat 3195 mld of sewage has been created till the end of September, 2010 in addition to 869 mld already created under the completed project of Ganga Action Plan Phase-I Fig-59. A view of river Yamuna at Tajewala, Haryana

145 Ministry of Environment & Forests implementation of Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) development study, the GAP project at Varanasi Phase II, which is part of the National River has been approved for funding by JBIC for Conservation Plan (NRCP). 11.184 billion Yen. The loan agreement between Government The project consists of the following of Japan and Government of India has been components: signed on 31st March 2003. The project has – Sewerage component (comprising of trunk been approved by CCEA at an estimated cost sewers, pumping stations and related of `624 crores for abatement of pollution of rising mains, rehabilitation of old trunk river Yamuna in Delhi, UP (eight towns) and sewers and five ghats pumping stations, Haryana (six towns) under YAP-II. The cost of renovation of existing STPs, construction works under YAP-II is to be shared between of 140 mld new STP at Sathwa and land Government of India and State Governments acquisition) in the ratio of 85:15 i.e.`530 crores Central share and `94 crores States’ share. Pollution – Non-sewerage component (comprising of abatement schemes for creation of 189 mld community toilet complexes in slum areas, sewage treatment capacity have been construction of dhobi ghats and sanctioned so far under the Plan at a cost of improvement of bathing ghats) `647.86 crores, out of which an amount of – Public awareness and participation `358 crores has been released towards Central programme share. The works under YAP-II are likely to be completed by 30th September, 2011. – Institutional Development programme for the local body (Varanasi Nagar Nigam YAP-II project also includes preparation and Varanasi Jal Sansthan) to enable of DPRs for projects in the three States which proper O&M of the assets created. are proposed to be undertaken under YAP III with JICA assistance. Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam is the project implementing agency (PIA) for the sewerage The cost of works to be executed in the component while the non-sewerage component three States under YAP-II comprises of: would be implemented by Varanasi Nagar Delhi `387.17 crores Nigam. UP `124.13 crores Pollution abatement schemes for creation of 140 mld sewage treatment capacity have Haryana `62.50 crores been sanctioned so far under the Plan at a Miscellaneous `50.20 crores cost of `496.90 crores. (WQM, Capacity World Bank Assistance: Discussions have been initiated with the World Bank for long building, Consultancy etc.) term support of Authority’s work programme. National Ganga River Basin Authority Financial assistance of the order of US$ one (NGRBA) billion has been indicated in the first phase. JICA assisted Ganga Action Plan (GAP) A Project Preparation Facility (PPF) of US$ Project at Varanasi 2.96 million has been sanctioned. A list of projects to be taken up under the programme Based on the project proposal/feasibility has been drawn up in consultation with the study prepared under the JICA assisted States. A framework is being prepared jointly

146 Annual Report 2010-2011 by the Ministry and the Bank, which will provide to prioritise the works for the polluted stretches the eligibility criteria for project selection and identified by the CPCB and to send proposals prioritising of investments. for pollution abatement works.

States have also been requested to set Emphasis has also been given on public up dedicated Project Management Group participation, capacity building etc. in order (PMG) under the State nodal Departments for to ensure better utilisation of assets and long planning, coordination, monitoring term sustainability of the project. implementation and reporting of the projects Implementation of various works is underway taken up under the Programme. The Project in the States. is likely to be approved by the World Bank Board by June, 2011. Details of Projects Approved/Completed

st Other initiatives: North East Details of projects completed between 1 April, 2010 to 31st October, 2010 are given Identification of polluted stretches of rivers in Annexure-IV. The list of projects sanctioned and polluting towns in rest of the North- between 1st April, 2010 to 31st October, 2010 Eeastern states are being carried out by the are given in Annexure-III. It was targeted to 55 state governments. On the basis of survey, create 350.00 mld capacity through investigation and DPRs, rivers from NE states commissioning of Sewage Treatment Plants would be considered for inclusion under NRCP. (STP) during the year 2010-11 and 80% works During the current financial year 2009-10 the have been completed. cost sharing ratio between the Centre and States of the projects under NRCP and NLCP Water Quality Management Plan for in the NE states has been changed to 90:10. River Ganga The State Governments have been requested The water quality of river Ganga is being monitored since 1986 from Rishikesh in Uttaranchal to Uluberia in West Bengal by institutions such as Pollution Control Research Institute (Hardwar), CPCB Zonal Office Lucknow, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Patna University and Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani. As a result of the projects completed under Ganga Action Plan, the water quality of river Ganga has shown a general improvement despite tremendous population growth along the river banks. Fig-60. River front development at Kolkata

147 (mg/l) Ministry of Environment & Forests

Water quality monitoring carried out by reputed institutions such as, IIT, Kanpur, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Patna University, etc. indicates that, water quality of the river Ganga conforms to the prescribed standards in terms of key indicators, namely, Bio- chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at most of the locations, Fig-61. Sewage treatment plant at Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh except in the stretch between Kannauj and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. A very significant factor is increasing The summer average values of two demand due to large scale water extraction important river water quality parameters viz. for various purposes including irrigation, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical drinking water supply, and power projects. Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded in some of Besides this, inadequate operation and the important monitoring stations on river maintenance (O&M) by the States, under- Ganga is given in Table-19. utilisation of the STPs in some instances, delay Table-19. Summer Average Values (March-June) for Water Quality on River Ganga under Ganga Action Plan

S.No Station/Location Distance(KM) 1986 2010 DO BOD DO BOD (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 1 Rishikesh 0 8.1 1.7 7.48 1.48 2. Hardwar D/s 30 8.1 1.8 7.38 1.90 3. Garhmukteshwar 175 7.8 2.2 7.43 2.18 4. Kannauj U/S 430 7.2 5.5 7.32 4.18 5. Kannauj D/S 433 NA NA 7.03 4.58 6. Kanpur U/S 530 7.2 7.2 6.35 3.34 7. Kanpur D/S 548 6.7 8.6 6.18 4.16 8. Allahabad U/S 733 6.4 11.4 7.67 5.51 9. Allahabad D/S 743 6.6 15.5 7.98 4.41 10. Varanasi U/S 908 5.6 10.1 8.46 2.26 11. Varanasi D/S 916 5.9 10.6 7.85 3.78 12. Patna U/S 1188 8.4 2.0 6.13 1.79 13. Patna D/S 1198 8.1 2.2 6.10 2.20 14. Rajmahal 1508 7.8 1.8 6.35 1.63 15. Palta 2050 N/A N/A 7.61 2.53 16. Uleberia 2500 N/A N/A 6.51 2.69 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Bathing Water Quality Criteria : DO equal to or more than 5.0 mg/l BOD equal to or less than 3.0 mg/l

148 Annual Report 2010-2011 in acquisition of land, contractual issues, court cases, erratic power supply and inadequate capacities of local bodies/agencies and lack of involvement of civil society were some of the constraints faced in the implementation of the Ganga Action Plan. The water quality monitoring has also been undertaken for other rivers namely, Yamuna, Western Yamuna Canal, Gomti, Hindon, Satluj (Punjab), Fig-62. A view of Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir Cauvery (Tamil Nadu), Tunga, Bhadra, Tungbhadra in Karnataka and 55 – Public awareness and public participation Waterways of Chennai. The number of monitoring stations presently are 158 in 10 – Other activities depending upon location rivers which include 27 stations set up in the specific conditions including public upper reaches of Ganga and 32 stations of interface. Chennai Waterways. National Lake Conservation Plan Projects approved under NLCP (NLCP) The Ministry is implementing the scheme Objectives of National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) since June, 2001 for conservation and The objective of the Scheme is to management of polluted and degraded lakes restore and conserve the polluted lakes in in urban and semi-urban areas of the country urban and semi-urban areas of the country degraded due to waste water discharge into where degradation is primarily on account of the lake. The activities covered under National discharge of waste water into the lake, through Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) include the an integrated ecosystem approach. The following:- mandate of the NLCP Scheme is pollution prevention and conservation of perennial lakes. – Prevention of pollution from point sources by intercepting, diverting and treating the So far under NLCP, a total of 41 projects pollution load entering the Lakes from for conservation of 61 lakes have been the entire lake catchment area. sanctioned in 14 States at a sanctioned cost – In-situ measures of Lake cleaning such as of `1028.19 crores. Conservation works for De-silting De-weeding, Bio-remediation 18 lakes have been completed so far whereas etc. depending upon the site conditions. in some cases the project implementation is – Catchments area treatment which may in last stages of completion. Funding pattern include bunding, afforestation, storm under NLCP is on a 70:30 cost sharing water, drainage, fencing and shore line between the Central and the State development etc. Government.

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NLCP Guidelines With the experience gained in implementation of projects sanctioned under the NLCP, it was considered imperative to make successive improvements in the existing system of project formulation and implementation. In the process, many of the eminent experts in the field, concerned State Governments/ Implementing Agencies and all relevant stakeholders were consulted. The existing guidelines of NLCP have Fig-63. Tsomgo Lake in Sikkim since been revised after due incorporation of responses of State National Wetland Conservation Programme Governments and experts feedback. The (NWCP) revised NLCP guidelines are accessible on Introduction and Objectives the Ministry’s website. According to most widespread definition, Budget Allocation Wetlands are defined as: “lands transitional Budget Allocation for 2010-11 under between terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems National River Conservation Plan and National where the water table is usually at or near the Lake Conservation Plan is given in Table-20. surface or the land is covered by shallow water”. The names and addresses of State Implementing Agencies under NRCP is given Unsustainable use of wetlands without at Annexure-V. reckoning of their assimilative capacity

Table-20. Budget allocation under NRCP and NLCP during 2010-11 (` in crores) Sl.No Name of the Plan Budget Revised Expenditure Estimate Estimate (December2010) (Proposed) 1 National River Conservation 6.71 6.71 5.02 Directorate(NRCD) 2 National River Conservation Plan 195.00 199.07 162.31 (NRCP) 3 National Ganga River Basin 500.00 500.00 199.75 Authority (NGRBA) 4 National Lake Conservation Plan 50.00 50.00 47.52 (NLCP) Total 751.71 755.78 414.60

150 Annual Report 2010-2011 constitutes major threats to the conservation – Ramsar Convention on Wetland and and management of these vital biodiversity other international efforts rich areas. The ‘Convention on Wetlands’, signed in In view of the above, Government of India Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, is an operationalized National Wetland intergovernmental treaty which provides Conservation Programme (NWCP) in closed the framework for national action and collaboration with concerned State international cooperation for the Governments during the year 1987. conservation and wise use of wetlands The scheme was initiated with the and their resources. There are presently following objectives:- sixty contracting Parties to the Convention, – to lay down policy guidelines for with 1912 wetlands sites, totaling 187 implementing programme of conservation million hectares, designated for inclusion and management of wetlands in the in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of country; International Importance. Ramsar – to provide financial assistance for Convention is the only global environment undertaking intensive conservation treaty dealing with a particular ecosystem. measures in priority wetlands; The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was – to monitor implementation of the developed as a mean to call international 55 Programme; attention to the rate at which wetland – to prepare an inventory of Indian wetland. habitats were disappearing, in part due Activities undertaken so far to a lack of understanding of their important functions, values, goods and National Wetland Conservation services. Programme (NWCP) Major obligations of countries which are – Wetlands (Conservation and Management) party to the Convention are to (i) designate Rules, 2010 were notified under wetlands for inclusion in the ‘List of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Wetlands of International Importance’; (ii) – Management Action Plan of thirty six promote as far as possible, ‘the wise use wetlands were approved and financial of wetlands in their territory’; (iii) promote assistance released to the concerned State ‘international cooperation’ especially with Governments. So far an amount of `11.77 regard to transboundary wetlands, shared crores has been released against the total water systems, and shared species; and allocation of `11.90 crores during 2010- create ‘wetland reserves’. 11. In pursuance of our obligation under the – Seven new research projects were Convention, till date 25 sites have been sanctioned. designated a Ramsar sites in India – Two meetings of Expert Group on Wetlands (Annexure-VI A) and six more wetlands (EGoW) were held on 9th September, 2010 are under process of being designated as and 24th September, 2010 in which five Ramsar sites. more wetlands were recommended for assistance. India was re-nominated as member of Supervisory Council for another term – One regional workshop at Manali, (2008-2011) on the basis of its Himachal Pradesh, was organized during contribution towards conservation of the year for providing training to wetland managers for efficient execution of wetlands in the country. Management Action Plan (MAPs) of India is also a partner to the Himalayan wetlands in the States. initiatives along with other Himalayan

151 Ministry of Environment & Forests

countries. A Himalayan initiative was Regulatory Acts/Rules governing the recently endorsed by the Indian programme and promulgation of new Government in 2008. acts Progress/Achievements made during the year – Ministry has notified Wetland – Wetlands (Conservation and Management) (Conservation & Management) Rules, Rules, 2010 were notified under 2010 under part-II, Section 3- Sub section Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. (i) of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, vide notification No.657 dated 4th – MAPs of 36 wetlands were approved and December, 2010. financial assistance released to the concerned State Governments. – These Rules, which for the first time lay down legally enforceable provisions for – Seven new research projects were the conservation and management of sanctioned. Wetlands, have been drafted to ensure – Against the total allocation of `11.90 better conservation and management and crores an amount of `11.77 crores has to prevent further degradation of existing been released. wetlands in India. – The meetings of EGoW was successfully – Under the Rules, wetlands have been held in New Delhi. Major outcome of classified for better management and these meetings are recommendation for easier identification. Central Wetland identification of five new wetlands under Regulatory Authority has been set up to NWCP. ensure proper implementation of the Rules Comparison of progress vis-à-vis that and perform all functions for management achieved in the previous years supported of wetlands in India. Apart from necessary by time series data, drafts and charts etc. government representatives, the Authority – Wetland (Conservation and Management) shall have a number of expert members Rules, 2010 were notified under to ensure that wetland conservation is Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. carried out in the best possible manner. – Total number of wetlands identified under The Rules specify activities which are NWCP has increased from 103 in 2007- harmful to wetlands such as 08 to 115 in 2010-11 covering 24 states industrialization, construction, dumping of and two UTs. Five more wetlands have untreated waste, reclamation etc. and been recommended for inclusion in the prohibit these activities in the wetlands. list by the Expert Group on Wetlands. Other activities such as harvesting, – In comparison to three workshops/training dredging etc may be carried out in the programmes during the year 2009-10, wetlands but only with prior permission one workshop was organized during from the concerned authorities. 2010-11. Budget allocation – Sanctioned seven research projects during An allocation of `11.90 crore has been the year 2010-11 in comparison to two made during the year 2010-11 for during the year 2009-10. conservation and management of wetlands State wise status and an expenditure of `11.77 crore has been incurred till 10th February, 2011. – One hundred and fifteen wetlands covering 24 states and two UTs have been Implementation organization identified under the NWCP. The State-wise Department of Environment and Forests, list of identified wetlands is given in Council for Science and Technology, State Annexure-VIB. Wetland Authority of the concerned States.

152 CHAPTER-6 REGENERATION AND ECO-DEVELOPMENT Ministry of Environment & Forests

National Afforestation and Eco- participatory and sustainable Development Board (NAEB) management of degraded forest areas and adjoining lands; Introduction In order to promote afforestation, tree – Coordinate and monitor the Action Plans planting, ecological restoration and eco- for tree planting, ecological restoration development activities in the country, the and eco-development; and National Afforestation and Eco-Development – Undertake all other measures necessary Board (NAEB) was set up in August 1992. for promoting afforestation, tree planting, Special attention is also being given by NAEB ecological restoration and eco- to the regeneration of degraded forest areas development activities in the country. and lands adjoining forest areas, national parks, sanctuaries and other protected areas Name of the Schemes as well as the ecologically fragile areas like National Afforestation and Eco- the Western Himalayas, Aravallis, Western Development Board (NAEB) operates the Ghats etc. following three major schemes: Objectives (a) National Afforestation Programme (NAP) The detailed objectives of the NAEB are to: Scheme – Evolve mechanisms for ecological (b) NAEB Scheme: The major components of restoration of degraded forest areas and the Scheme are: adjoining lands through systematic i. Grants in Aid for Greening India planning and implementation, in a cost (GIA for GI) Scheme effective manner; – Restore, through natural regeneration or ii. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) appropriate intervention, the forest cover iii. Communication in the country for ecological security and to meet the fuelwood, fodder and other iv. Support to Regional Centres (RCs) needs of the rural communities; (c) Eco Development Forces (EDF) Scheme – Augment availability of fuelwood, fodder, timber and other forest produce on the (a) National Afforestation degraded forest and adjoining lands in Programme (NAP) Scheme order to meet the demands for these Introduction and Objectives items; It continues to be the flagship scheme of – Sponsor research and extension of NAEB, in so much as it provides support, research findings to disseminate new and both in physical and capacity building terms, proper technologies for the regeneration to the Forest Development Agencies (FDAs) and development of degraded forest areas which in turn are the main organs to move and adjoining lands; forward institutionalization of Joint Forest – Create general awareness and help foster Management. The FDA has been conceived a people’s movement for promoting and established as a federation of Joint Forest afforestation and eco-development with Management Committees (JFMCs) at the Forest the assistance of voluntary agencies, Non- Division level to undertake holistic development Governmental Organizations, Panchayati in the forestry sector with people’s participation. Raj institutions and others and promote From the year 2010-11, State Forest

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Development Agency (SFDA) has been been operationalised so far, since the constituted at the State level to smoothen the launch of the FDA mechanism in 2000- fund flow to the FDAs. This decentralized three- 01, at a cost of ` 3512.95 crores to tier institutional structure (SFDA, FDA and treat a total area of 17.40 lakh ha. (as JFMC) allows greater participation of the on 31.12.2010). Rehabilitation of shifting community, both in planning and cultivation lands have been given specific implementation, to improve forests and focus under the programme, and so far, livelihoods of the people living in and around thirty five jhum projects have been forest areas. The village is reckoned as a unit sanctioned in North-Eastern States and in of planning and implementation and all Orissa. activities under the programme are – As on 31.12.2010, ` 182.53 crores was conceptualized at the village level. The three- released to State Forest Development tier approach, apart from building capacities Agencies (SFDAs) during the year at the grassroots level, significantly empowers 2010-11 for implementation of National the local people to participate in the decision Afforestation Programme (NAP). making process. Under Entry Point Activities, Implementing organization community assets are created with a ‘care and share’ concept. The objectives of the The NAP Scheme is being implemented 66 scheme are as follows: through three-tier decentralized mechanism of State Forest Development Agency (SFDA) at – Protection and conservation of natural State level, Forest Development Agency at resources through active involvement of Forest Division Level and Joint Forest the people. Management Committees (JFMCs) at the village level. – Checking land degradation, deforestation and loss of biodiversity Comparison of progress as compared to previous years – Ecological restoration and environmental conservation and eco-development Year-wise and State-wise progress of National Afforestation Programme in the Tenth – Evolving village level people’s Five Year Plan and during the current year is organization which can manage the given in Table-21and Table-22 respectively. natural resources in and around villages in a sustainable manner A number of initiatives have been taken by the Ministry to expedite the implementation – Fulfillment of the broader objectives of of the scheme as well to improve the productivity, equity, and sustainability for qualitative aspects of implementation. These the general good of the people include: – Improve quality of life and self-sustenance – Stepping-up monitoring and evaluation aspect of people living in and around of the FDA projects by activation of State- forest areas level Coordination Committees for NAP, – Capability endowment and skill increased field visit by officers, and enhancement for improving employability expeditious commissioning by the States of the rural people. of first independent concurrent evaluation of FDA projects Progress and Achievements during the – Increased number of training programmes year for the frontline staff and JFM committee – Eight hundred (800) FDA projects have members.

155 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Table-21. Year-wise progress of National Afforestation Programme (as on 31st December, 2010)

Year No.of New FDA No. of New Project Area Release** projects approved JFMCs involved approved (ha.)* (` in crores) 2000-02 47 1843 71068 47.53 2002-03 237 8197 404799 151.26 2003-04 231 7902 282536 207.98 2004-05 105 3404 106743 233.00 2005-06 94 2362 54432 248.12 2006-07 15 494 0 292.75 2007-08 53 3979 493061 392.95 2008-09 13 6598 173435 345.62 2009-10 5 7756 103556 318.17 2010-11 23 SFDA Projects — 50100 182.53 (as on 31.12.2010)

* Area approved for advance soil work/preparatory plantations during the year for all ongoing FDA projects. ** Total (financial assistance provided during the year for planting, advance soil work, maintenance etc.) for all ongoing FDA projects. New initiatives under the Scheme particular of frontline staff of Forest – Organising district -level Department and JFMC members especially interdepartmental linkage workshops for with regard to local management and promoting linkage of NAP with other administrative responsibilities. developmental programmes for (b) NAEB Scheme enhancing the sustainability of JFM This scheme includes Salary & auxiliary – Initiating pilot projects for establishing expenditure of the Board employees, Grants forest-based microenterprises which will in Aid for Greening India, Monitoring & provide experiential learning for scaling- Evaluation, Communication Strategy, and up such activity with a view to consolidate support to Regional Centres. Important the JFM during the Eleventh Plan. Components are described below: – Comprehensive amendment in Guidelines Grants in Aid for Greening India Scheme of NAP scheme has been made to promote Introduction and Objectives further decentralization by delegating more responsibilities to State Forest Increasing forest and tree cover (FTC) of Departments with respect to processing the country to one- third of its geographical of the FDA project proposals, greater area, as envisaged in the National Forest organic linkage of JFMCs with Gram Policy 1988, is essential for economic and Panchayats, increased security of the ecological security of the country. Achieving elected members of JFMCs through longer the target of one- third of FTC, however, tenure of JFMC presidency, women requires substantial increase in the current empowerment, capacity building in annual tree planting rate in the country, and

156 Annual Report 2010-2011

Table-22. State-wise status of SFDA projects (till 31.12.2010) S.No. State FDA Total Approved Total Release Approved Area Amount Amount (in hectares) (` in lakh) (` in lakh) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Andhra Pradesh 1573.58 1049 2341 2 Arunachal Pradesh 701.31 312 3125 3 Bihar 620.67 277 0 4 Chhattisgarh 3347.67 1545 0 5 Gujarat 3026.13 1341 0 6 Haryana 2231.67 1115 0 7 Himachal Pradesh 648.25 195 1646 8 Jharkhand 1981.96 873 0 9 Karnataka 1580.99 406 0 10 Kerala 1128.49 377 666 66 11 Madhya Pradesh 4022.29 1526.3 13000 12 Maharashta 3819.47 1617 0 13 Manipur 1037.9 708.05 3599 14 Meghalaya 954.06 440 4800 15 Mizoram 1222.8 611 2370 16 Nagaland 1010.61 1010.61 2000 17 Orissa 1737.14 666.63 0 18 Rajasthan 839.84 247 400 19 Sikkim 1252.88 600 1900 20 Tamil Nadu 721.17 361 0 21 Tripura 1175.78 920 6271 22 Utttar Pradesh 2363.77 1850 5167 23 West Bengal 472.61 206 2815 Total : 37471.04 18253.59 50100 that too, mostly on lands outside recorded lands outside RFA, economic return is the forest area (RFA) wherein non-forest major driving force. These could be organizations and the custodian institutions encouraged if returns to the growers were can play a significant role. The Scheme made attractive. The wanting economic ‘Grants-in-Aid Scheme providing assistance returns are largely attributed to the low volume to Voluntary Agencies for tree planting’ was and poor quality yield of tree products. The started for encouraging participation of the interested Non-Governmental Organisations main reason for this is that the tree growers as well as Government Institutions. It has been do not have easy access to quality planting observed that for raising tree plantations on material (QPM) due to both paucity of QPM

157 Ministry of Environment & Forests production, facilities in the rural areas and Regional Centres of NAEB low awareness about gains of using QPM. The Board has seven Regional Centres Recognizing these constraints, the then Grants- located in various universities/ national level in-Aid Scheme was restructured by institutions (Annexure-II B) Dr. Y.S.Parmar incorporating additional components of QPM University of Agriculture, Solan, Himachal production facilities and creation of mass Pradesh, University of Agricultural Science, awareness about QPM. This was renamed as Bangalore, Indian Institute of Forest “Grants in aid for Greening India” Scheme Management, Bhopal, Jadavpur University, and three aspects expressly stated:- Calcutta, Agricultural Finance Corporation, a) Raising mass awareness about QPM and Mumbai, Agricultural Finance Corporation, tree planting Delhi, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU) Shillong. These Centres help NAEB in b) Enhancing the capacity for QPM promoting extension of replicable technologies production and for dissemination of research findings. c) Tree planting with people’s participation They provide technical and extension support to the State Forest Departments in effective “Grants in Aid for Greening India” Scheme implementation of regeneration of degraded have been discontinued w.e.f. 2008-09. The forests and adjoining lands with people’s ongoing projects, however, will continue to be participation and also act as a forum for the supported till completion. exchange of ideas and experiences amongst Budget Allocation of the Scheme and the States of the region as well as across the Progress of Expenditure regions. In addition, these Centres carry out problem-specific studies as well as evaluation The Budget Estimate for ongoing projects of NAEB’s programmes in the field and under the Scheme for 2010-11 is `1.00 crore, organize training programmes and workshops out of which `0.36 crore has been released focusing on priorities set out by the Board. to six agencies upto 31.12.2010. (c) Eco-Development Forces (EDF) Table-23 reflects the number of projects Scheme for tree planting supported under the previous Introduction and objective ‘Grants-in-Aid to Voluntary Agencies’ scheme (until 2004-05) and the present ‘Grants-in- Eco-Development Forces Scheme was Aid for Greening India’ Scheme till the current established in 1980s as a scheme being financial year 2010-11. implemented through Ministry of Defence for ecological restoration of terrains, rendered Implementing organization difficult either due to severe degradation or The scheme is being implemented by remote location or difficult law and order Government Departments, Urban Local situation. The scheme of Eco-Development Forces is based on twin objectives of ecological Bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Public Sector regeneration in difficult areas, and promotion Undertakings, Autonomous Bodies, Registered of meaningful employment to ex-servicemen. Societies, Non-Profit Organizations, Cooperatives, Charitable Trusts, Voluntary Under this scheme, the establishment and Agencies, Registered Schools, Colleges, operational expenditure on the Eco Task Force Universities and State Forest Departments. (ETF) Battalions raised by Ministry of Defence Voluntary Agencies are implementing majority is reimbursed by Ministry of Environment and of Tree Planting projects. Forests while the inputs like sapling, fencing,

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Table-23. Progress under the previous ‘Grants-in-Aid to Voluntary Agencies’ and present Grants-in-Aid for Greening India’ Scheme

Year No. of tree planting Expenditure (` in Cr.) ** projects supported *

2002-03 141 4.00 2003-04 251 8.49 2004-05 266 8.97 2005-06 211 11.76 2006-07 109 5.86 2007-08 129 8.48 2008-09 *** 85 3.95 2009-10*** 29 1.05 2010-11*** 6 0.36 * Includes ongoing projects, sanctioned in previous years also. 66 ** Includes grants given for Awareness Generation, High-Tech Nursery and Tree Planting components of the Grants in Aid for Greening India Scheme. *** Includes only on-going projects as no new project was sanctioned. etc. and also the professional and managerial area. They have also constructed stone dams guidance is provided by the State Forest and also other soil and moisture conservation Departments. In ETF battalions, the Ministry works. Besides, the battalions also take up of Defence deploys its ex-servicemen, preferably maintenance of old plantations. from within the area of operation, whereas Closer monitoring of physical progress the nuclear core of the force is constituted of and coordination between the Ministry, regular servicemen. Some of the ETF Battalions Territorial Army and State Governments has have undertaken successful eco-restoration of witnessed timely availability of land and other highly degraded sites, for example the resources for planting, redeployment/ limestone mining areas in the Mussoorie Hills. disembodying of surplus ETF personnel in order Activities undertaken so far to cut down costs, and further improvement in Six ETF battalions are being supported the quality of work. under the EDF Scheme in the States of Budget Allocation of the scheme and Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir progress of expenditure and Assam. Revised Budget Estimate for the scheme Progress/Achievements made during the during 2010-11 is `32.00 crores out of which year `31.88 crores has been reimbursed to Ministry The progress of ETF Battalions during the of Defence till 31.12.2010. year 2010-11 is given in (Table-24) Implementing Organizations along with All ETF Battalions have undertaken works details like raising nursery and plantation and Directorate General of Territorial Army, protection measures to protect the plantation Ministry of Defence, New Delhi.

159 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Table-24. The progress of ETF Battalions during the year 2010-11 (as on 31st December, 2010).

Battalion Location New Plantation Maintenance of old during the year Plantation (As on 31.12.2010) (As on 31.12.2010) No. of Area No. of Area in Plants in ha. Plants haa 127 Inf Bn (TA) Eco Uttarakhand 4.69 lakh 400 5.00 lakh 800

128 Inf Bn (TA) Eco Rajasthan 4.80 lakh 600 2.86 lakh 570

129 Inf Bn (TA) Eco Jammu & Kashmir 0.92 lakh 120 2.09 lakh 188

130 Inf Bn (TA) Eco Uttarakhand 5.00 lakh 500 10.01 lakh 1,000

134 Inf Bn (TA) Eco Assam 6.84 lakh 671 7.25 lakh 822

135 Inf Bn (TA) Eco Assam 7.85 lakh 980 5.08 lakh 500

TOTAL 30.10 lakh 3,271 32.29 lakh 3,880

160 CHAPTER-7 RESEARCH Ministry of Environment & Forests

Environmental Research (ERP), Ecosystem Research Scheme (ERS), Eastern and Western Ghats Research Introduction Programme (E&WGRP) and Economic & Social Ministry of Environment & Forests has been Issues. Thematic Expert Groups for these funding research in multi-disciplinary aspects research programmes have been constituted of environmental and ecosystems protection, to screen evaluation and recommend new conservation and management at various projects and also to monitor/ review the universities, institutions of higher learning, ongoing projects. The Ministry also promotes national research institutes and non- research in Environment through the awards governmental organizations in identified thrust of National Fellowships to the outstanding areas under its Research & Development (R&D) Scientists. These awards are Pitambar Pant Programme. The Research & Development National Environment Fellowship Award in Scheme of the Ministry is a Central Plan Environmental Science and Dr. B.P. Pal Scheme for conservation and management of National Environment Fellowship Award for environment since 1985. Biodiversity.

Objectives and Scope Programme-wise Progress and Activities The objective of the scheme is to generate information required to develop strategies, Environment Research Programme (ERP) technologies and methodologies for better Environment Research Programme (ERP) environmental management. It also aims at deals with problems related to pollution and attempting solutions to the practical problems development of suitable cost effective of resource management, conservation of technologies for abatement of pollution. natural resources and eco-regeneration of Emphasis is laid on development of eco- degraded areas. Further, the scheme also seeks friendly biological and other interventions for to strengthen infrastructure to facilitate research prevention, abatement of pollution and and scientific manpower development. In order development of strategies, technologies and to achieve these objectives, research grants instruments etc. for control of pollution. Projects are provided in the identified thrust areas to are also encouraged for development of various organizations (universities, colleges biodegradable plastics, to carryout recognized by University Grants Commission epidemiological studies, strategies to reduce (UGC), institutions of Council of Scientific and impact of mining, chemical pollution of soils, Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Council of and hazardous substances including pesticides, Agriculture Reseach (ICAR), Indian Council of heavy metals etc. Projects related to waste Medical Research (ICMR), Indian Council of recycling and resource recovery from waste Social Science Research (ICSSR) and recognized along with the development of eco-friendly non- governmental scientific organizations) all and cleaner technologies are given priority. over the country. The projects are supported in the identified The Ministry has brought out revised thrust area of environment research. guidelines in 2006 for supporting research in Environment which inter-alia include thrust Under the Thematic Group ‘Prevention, areas of research and their prioritization. Abatement and Control of Pollution’, three Programmes/Schemes are covered namely (i) The Ministry supports research through its Environment Research (ii) National River established research programmes. These Conservation and (iii) Climate Change/ Clean include Environment Research Programme Technologies. During the financial year (up to

162 Annual Report 2010-2011

12th January, 2011) five meetings of the Scheme 12 new projects were initiated Thematic Group were held to consider the (Annexure-III), eight were completed (Annexure- new/revised/comments received proposals and IV) and 25 projects were reviewed and review/monitor the ongoing/completed monitored for their progress. projects. Total 118 proposals were considered Eastern and Western Ghats Research by the Expert Group of which eleven were Programme (E&WGRP) recommended. Progress of 51 ongoing projects was reviewed and monitored, 29 The Eastern and Western Ghats Research comments received proposals were considered Programme addresses itself to location-specific during the year. Twenty seven new projects problems of resource management in the have been initiated during the period Eastern and Western Ghats regions of the (Annexure-III). The Expert Group also reviewed country. The region is suffering from destruction the Final Technical Report (FTR) of nine of habitats of its unique plant and animal life completed projects during the period due to floods, deforestation etc. besides (Annexure-IV). shortage of food, fodder and fuel for rural population and shortage of raw material for Ecosystem Research Scheme (ERS) the industries. Under this programme, studies Ecosystem Research Scheme is an inter- relating to Bio-diversity, land use, impact of 77 disciplinary programme of research, which developmental activities etc. are taken up to emphasizes ecological approach for studying restore the environmental quality of the region. the relationship between man and During the year under Eastern and Western environment. The objective of the programme Ghats Research Programme one new project is to develop a basis within the field of natural was initiated (Annexure-III), 14 studies were and social sciences for rational use and completed (Annexure-IV) and 21 projects were conservation of resources for general reviewed and monitored for their progress. improvement of the relationship between man and his environment. The programme seeks Thematic Group on ‘Economic & Social to provide a scientific basis to solve the Issues’ practical problems of resource management. The Thematic Group- ‘Economic & Social The programme also seeks to provide a Issues’ would consider all proposals related scientific knowledge and trained personnel to cost benefit analysis, socio-economic, policy needed to manage the natural resources in a related issues and other miscellaneous issues. rational and sustainable manner. Ecosystem studies become even more important as the During the year one meeting of the Earth’s environmental ecosystems are Thematic Group was held to consider the new increasingly being affected at all levels. / revised proposals & review / monitor the Ecological understanding and research in this ongoing / completed projects. The Expert area offer tangible hope for addressing Group considered four new and three extremely complex and potentially devastating comments received projects. Progress of one assaults on local, regional and global ongoing project was reviewed and monitored ecosystems. Under the scheme, emphasis is during the year. The Expert Group also laid on multi-disciplinary aspects of reviewed the three FTR of completed project environmental conservation with emphasis on during the period. eco-system approach consistent with the identified thrust areas and orientation. In addition to the ongoing programmes, the following three new initiatives have been During the year, under Ecosystem Research taken up during the year 2010-11.

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Institution of MoEF – National superannuated. A total annual grant of ‘13 Environment Fellows Programmes lakhs per Chair comprising of (i) emoluments During the year 2009-10 the Ministry has equivalent to that of a Professor or equivalent launched to institute the National Scientist grade which presently stands at ‘9,60,000/- (ii) Data Entry Operator ‘72,000/ Environmental Sciences Fellows Programme - (iii) JRF ‘1,68,000/- and travel grant of ‘1 aims to be a flagship programme for young lakh. The Chair is an integrated part of the scientists who are desirous of working in the ongoing R&D Scheme of the Ministry which forefront of environmental sciences research. stands approved during the 11th Five Year It is envisaged that ten National Environmental Plan. Sciences Fellows would be selected at a given point of time. Under the proposed programme The Ministry has instituted a Mahatma each awardee will receive a total annual grant Gandhi Chair in Ecology and Environment at of ‘30 lakhs comprising of (a) emoluments of the Centre for Biodiversity Studies, Baba ‘10 lakhs (b) contingency of ‘5 lakhs and (c) Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, research grant of ‘15 lakhs. This grant will be Jammu and Kashmir. released to the selected Host Institutions for New Institutions - National being granted to the awardee. Environment Protection Training & The Management Committee of the Research Institute (NEPTRI) Programme has finalized the advertisement The proposal for conservation of existing along with a matrix of thrust areas for the Environmental Protection Training and Research Programme under which the Fellowships would Institute (EPTRI), Hyderabad into a National be awarded. The advertisement was published level institute to be named as National in National English Newspapers and Current Environment Protection Training and Research Science. The Ministry has received applications Institute (NEPTRI) as a Joint venture between from research scientists in India and abroad Government of India and Government of in response to the advertisement for the Andhra Pradesh is under active consideration. Fellowship programme. These applications are The in-principle approval of Planning under advanced stage of scrutiny by the Commission subject to certain conditions for Management Committee of the programme, this purpose has been obtained. A Detailed which is chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan, Project Report is under finalization in Member (Science), Planning Commission. consultation with the Government of Andhra Pradesh. Institution of Mahatma Gandhi Chair for Ecology and Environment Identification of New Thrust / Priority The Ministry had started a new chair for Areas and New Initiatives under R&D institution of Mahatma Gandhi Chair for Scheme Ecology and Environment during the year – During the year, an All India Coordinated 2009-10. The selected Fellow for the Chair Research Project on reproductive biology will work on one of the thrust areas of research of rare endangered and threatened identified by the Ministry. The Fellow could species has been evolved and sanctioned be from any discipline of science, engineering, to ten scientists working at different social work, art and humanities. There is no universities / institutions. The Principal upper age limit. The candidate must be at Investigator’s will work on reproductive the level of a University Professor or equivalent biology of RET Tree species of Central grade Scientist an Institution either serving or and Western Himalaya, Rajasthan,

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Uttarakhand, Jammu province of J&K, for Research Programme on Bioremediation Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and of Contaminated Sites & Reclamation of Meghalaya, Nagaland and Manipur, Degraded Areas was held at NEERI Nagpur Kashmir Himalaya and Western Ghats. during the year. The Committee reviewed the – The Ministry has also started deliberations progress of on-going Research Programme on a new proposed All India Coordinated on “Bioremediation of Copper Tailings” at Programme on Biodiversity. One of the Malajkhand in collaboration with Hindustan aims of the programme would be to have Copper Limited. seamless integration with the All India Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel Coordinated Programme on Capacity (WGEEP) Building in Taxonomy. The important thrust areas of the programme include setting The Western Ghats Ecology Expert panel up of Long Term Ecological Monitoring (WGEEP) under the Chairmanship of Prof sites in the different ecogeographical Madhav Gadgil has been constituted by the zones of the country. Biodiversity would Ministry with the main objectives of be one of the key variables, which would identification and management of ecologically be monitored on a long-term basis in sensitive areas in the Western Ghats and to recommend measures for conservation, 77 these sites. 77 protection and rejuvenation of the Western – The Ministry has taken up revision of the Ghats region following a comprehensive Research Guidelines for funding research consultation process with the people and the programmes in environment. The need government. The Panel will also recommend for revision has been felt keeping in view, the modalities for the establishment of Western the renewed scientific impetus of the Ghats Ecology Authority under Environment Ministry, new and emerging environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. challenges, to broaden the participation of the stakeholders, introduce the concept The Panel has had nine meetings so far of cost-sharing and to make the research at different places spread across the Western in environment more productive by Ghats region. The members of the Panel have emphasizing on outputs. also undertaken site visits and public consultations to various places including State of the Art Report on Gundia Hydroelectric Power Project site in Bioremediation of Contaminated sites Karnataka, iron ore mines in Goa and in India Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg region of Western The Ministry had commissioned a State Ghats in Maharastra. As a part of the of the Art Report on Bioremediation of interaction with the stakeholders the Panel Contaminated sites in India, prepared by along with the Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) Professor M.N.V. Prasad, Department of Plant of Environment & Forests, had an interactive Science, University of Hyderabad. The report meeting with the Members of Parliament (MPs) after extensive peer-review has been finalized from the Western Ghats region in Parliament and is under publication. House Annexe. The members of the Panel have also interacted with the state government Advisory Committee for Research officials of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Programme on Bioremediation of Maharastra and sought their concerned views/ Contaminated Sites & Reclamation of suggestions on the issue of ecologically sensitive Degraded Areas areas in Western Ghats region. The Panel has The 5th meeting of Advisory Committee also interacted with a vast cross-section of

165 Ministry of Environment & Forests society through brainstorming sessions, public species in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa and consultations and round table discussions. Maharashtra. Mysore Slender loris is more flexible than Malabar Slender lorries, but the A web site www.westernghatsindia.org has former is more unreliable to unstable been developed by the Panel, which serves as environment and human pressures. The study a medium of exchange and repository of would help in developing a common strategy information on ecology of Western Ghats for conservation of Slender Loris. Education region. The Panel has selected 80 different of local people would be important part of authors to write commissioned papers on this strategy. Hunting/ poaching is the main selected thematic areas in respect of their threat. Specific steps for conservation in different field of expertise in the context of the mandate areas are recommended. of the Panel. The Centre for Ecological Investigations on the fungi and insects Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore associated with fruits and seeds of is coordinating these Commissioned Papers selected endemic trees of Western Ghats with the requisite financial support from the Ministry. A rich diversity of fungi and insects which affect the fruits and seeds of some endemic The Panel has finalized a project on trees of Western Ghats has been documented. assessing the levels of eco-sensitivity along As many as 222 fungal isolates of 85 species the Western Ghats. Salim Ali Centre for were associated. A total of 22 species of Ornithology and Natural History is coordinating insects were found. Life cycle of several this Project with the financial support of the infecting insects and fungi has been Ministry. Under this project the Panel intends investigated. The damage caused by the to compile all available information in the pathogens and pests was assessed and control form spatial database on Western Ghats measures have been recommended. Two new ecology and prepare maps of levels of species of fungi and two new species of insects ecological sensitivity in Western Ghats region. have been recorded. Professor Madhav Gadgil, Chairman of National Natural Resources the Panel had discussions with the Chairmen Management System (NNRMS) of Dhanu Taluka Protection Authority, Dhanu, The Scheme of National Natural Resources Loss of Ecology Authority, Chennai and Bhure Management System (NNRMS) involves Lal Authority, Delhi on the nature, constitution, utilization of remote sensing technology for powers and functions of the proposed Western accurate inventory of resources such as land, Ghats Ecology Authority. water, forests, minerals, oceans, etc. and to utilize this information for monitoring changes Summaries / Research findings of some of in ecological system. A Standing Committee the Projects completed during the year on Bio-resources and Environment (SC-B) has 2010-11. been constituted by the Planning Commission Distribution, abundance and under the Chairmanship of Secretary (E&F) conservation status of the Slender Loris with the following objectives: in the Eastern and Western Ghats, India – Optimal utilization of country’s natural Ecology, habitat parameters, poaching resources by a proper and systematic pressure and diversity of Slender loris, a near inventory of resource availability. threatened species, have been investigated in – Reducing regional imbalances by effective Eastern and Western Ghats. Results reveal planning and in tune with the that similar pattern affects distribution of the environmental efforts.

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– Maintaining the ecological balance with the work on snow and glacier monitoring in a view to evolve and implement the the Indian Himalayan region and suggested environmental guidelines. that Space Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO, The Standing Committee on Bio-resources Ahmedabad to take up this work in collaboration with all the organizations of the and Environment (SC-B) constituted by the country working in this field. Accordingly, Phase- Planning Commission advises on the methods II of the project has been initiated by the of using the remote sensing technology for Ministry in collaboration with SAC, optimal use and management of natural Ahmedabad. Under this project the Monitoring resources in the country. In order to streamline of seasonal snow cover of the entire Indian the projects the SC-B has constituted a Himalayan region and Monitoring the retreat/ Technical & Financial Sub-Committee to advance of the glaciers in the representative scrutinize/review all the proposals submitted basins will be studied. for funding under NNRMS programme from the technical and financial angle. The NNRMS A research project on ‘Coastal Zone SC-B for final consideration and funding takes Studies’ by Space Application Centre, up only those proposals recommended by the Ahmedabad -380 015 Technical and Financial Sub-Committee. A research project on ‘Coastal Zone 77 Studies’ has been completed by Space Achievements during the year Two Meetings of Technical and Financial Sub – Committee of National Natural Resources Management System on Bio- resources and Environment (NNRMS SC-B) and one meeting of the Standing Committee of NNRMS SC-B were organized during the year 2010-11. Eight new projects have been initiated/sanctioned during the period. The Standing Committee of NNRMS SC-B recommended four new projects for funding in its meeting held on 20th October, 2010. The Standing Committee also reviewed the Final Technical Report (FTR) of three mega projects completed recently. Based on the results obtained and experience gained during the implementation of the project on “Monitoring of Snow and Glaciers in Himalayas” the Fig-64. Satellite imagery showing ecologically sensitive areas around Ministry has agreed to continue Kalubhar island, Gulf of Kachchh

167 (mg/l) Ministry of Environment & Forests

Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad using Management and plantation of the data of the state-of-art Indian satellites at mangroves – Conceptual models have the behest of Ministry of Environment and been developed for preparing integrated Forests, (MoEF), Government of India to study coastal zone management plans and the coastal zones of the country vis-à-vis identifying suitable sites for mangrove various issues pertaining to the coast. The plantation. project has five major components, viz., Inventory and Monitoring the Coastal Zone, – Coastal Zone Information System - Query Coastal Ecosystems (Vital/Critical Habitats), Shells around Coastal Zone Information Coastal Zone Information System, Coastal System are developed for all the Maritime Zone Management, and impact of sea level States and Union Territories of India. rise on the coastal environment. The project Database has been prepared using has been executed along with 22 organizations various coastal thematic maps prepared comprising of State Government, Central using satellite data for 1989-91 period Government and Academic Institutes. and 2004-2006 period. The shells are developed for retrieval of thematic Following information for Indian coast has information and automatic map been generated under this project: generation. – Coastal landuse maps showing – Models to study the impact of Sea Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) Level Rise on coastal environment – and high tide and low tide lines on Approach has been developed to assess 1:25, 000 scale – Around 1000 maps coastal vulnerability due to sea level rise have been prepared using LISS-IV data for Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and and are put in a digital data base in Gujarat coasts. Regional response Geographical Information System (GIS). zonation of the coast has been carried – Mangrove maps at dominant out. community level – Around 450 maps The information generated under this at 1:25, 000 scale were prepared for project could be utilized for: - mangrove community zonation using hybrid techniques of digital and visual – Zoning the coast on CRZ or CMZ interpretation of Resourcesat LISS-III data particularly the ecologically sensitive areas for the period 2004-07. – Monitoring implementation of CRZ – Coral reef maps at eco- – Site selection of mangroves and shelter geomorphological level – Around 178 belts maps at 1:25, 000 scale covering all the coral reefs along the Indian coast have – Conservation of the coral reefs and been mapped using Resourcesat LISS-IV mangroves and LISS III data. – Site selection of any developmental – Health models for both the activities ecosystems – Models for assessing health of mangroves as well coral reefs have – Understanding the role of keystone coastal been developed and demonstrated for ecosystems in global climate change selected areas along the Indian coast. – Identifying vulnerable zones to predict sea – Models for Coastal Zone level rise.

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A research project on ‘Snow and Glacier monitoring show variations in patterns of snow Studies’ by Space Application Centre accumulation and ablation for basins falling (SAC), Ahmedabad-380015 in different climatic zones. A research project on ‘Snow and Glacier Monitoring of retreat/advance of glaciers Studies’ has been completed by Space for identified fourteen basins was carried out. Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO, Ahmedabad. The basins are distributed in different climatic The project was jointly funded by Ministry of zones of the Himalaya. The glaciers were Environment and Forests and Department of monitored for two time periods as: i) long Space, Govt. of India. The objectives of the term changes by using SOI topographical project were:- i) Inventory of all Himalayan maps and satellite data; ii) Short term changes glaciers on 1,50,000 scale, ii) monitoring of by using multi-temporal satellite images. The seasonal snow cover (every 5 days) in winter study has shown 7 to 30 % loss in glaciated months of hydrological year 2004-2005, 2005- area based on SOI maps of 1962-69 and 2006, 2007-2008 to 2008 for entire Indian recent satellite data. Monitoring using multi- Himalayan region, iii) monitoring of retreat/ temporal satellite images has also shown advance of the glaciers in fourteen glaciated retreat of large number of glaciers. Glacier basins representing different climatic zones of mass balance studies indicate upward 77 Indian Himalayas and iv) estimation of mass movement of snowline at the end of ablation balance of glaciers based on monitoring of season. snow line on glaciers at the end of ablation This project has generated large amount period in ten glaciated basins of Himalaya. of digital database in GIS environment of The project has been executed by Space glacier inventory, snow cover mapping, Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO, Ahmedabad monitoring advance/retreat and mass balance. in collaboration with other fourteen organisations. The information generated under this project has potential applications in climate Glaciers inventory was carried out in the change research; snow and glacier melt runoff Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins modeling, hydropower potential estimation on 1: 50,000 scale using recent images of and disaster monitoring. Based on the results Indian Remote Sensing Satellite for the first obtained and experience gained from this time in the country in a GIS environment. project, MoEF and DOS have approved phase The GIS database contains 37 parameters as II of this project. per the UNESCO/TTS format and 11 additional parameters. The study has shown A research project on ‘Techniques of Survey that there are 32540 glaciers covering and Planning for Conservation and 77310.18 sq km. Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Mizoram, An algorithm based on Normalized North Eastern Region’ by Dr. K.D. Singh, Difference Snow Index was developed at Space Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Applications Centre using visible and short Environment (ATREE), 1, K Block nd wave infrared data of AWiFS sensor of Commercial Complex, 2 Floor, Birbal road, Resourcesat satellite for snow cover mapping. jangapura Extension, New Delhi-110014 Snow cover was monitored for 33 sub-basins A research project on ‘Techniques of distributed in different climatic zones of Survey and Planning for Conservation and Himalaya for four consecutive years starting Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Mizoram, from 2004. The results of snow cover North Eastern Region’ has been completed by

169 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and is localized) have significantly increased Environment (ATREE). The project’s overall in the last 10 years in accessible area. objectives were to promote conservation and There are many other species introduced, sustainable use of biological diversity in though in small areal extent. One obvious Mizoram and to develop the following: conclusion is the need for extension – A cost-effective methodology for forest services to community in the choice of sector strategic planning at the district plantation crops, keeping in view species level; and suitability and marketing prospects. – Techniques of micro-planning at the – The forest cover has increased slightly in village level. accessible villages, but declined A Stratified Random Sampling was significantly in inaccessible villages. conducted in the Kolasib district as an example Forests seem to be under pressure, both using Census 2001 Village Directory as the from population increase as well as rising basis. 40 villages of the district were stratified aspirations for economic development. into three accessibility classes taking into Dense forests and traditionally managed account distance of a village from the nearest safety/supply reserves have both town and frequency of bus transport. Studies decreased in all strata in a significant on the natural resources and the livelihood manner with maximum change in pattern at the household level for current year inaccessible villages. The overall increase as well as 10 years back were undertaken in of forests in accessible and moderately 12 randomly selected villages, four in each accessible villages is perhaps, an stratum. The sample survey analysis has indication that economic development brought to light many interesting on-going might slow down deforestation. developments and trends, which are as under: – The change in livelihood pattern in various – Shifting agriculture has significantly strata during the last decade is perhaps decreased both in stratum 1 and 2 (viz. the most important indicator of very accessible and medium accessible development. In accessible villages, villages). However, it has increased in significant part of population has moved inaccessible villages. A reason could be away from shifting agriculture to the lack of development in inaccessible permanent agriculture. In moderately villages. accessible villages, people have moved – Plantations of commercial species have from shifting agriculture to forest products significantly increased across strata. as well as permanent agriculture. However, Arecanut, having locally available market, in inaccessible villages, more people is a common choice; whereas, red palm seem to be involved in shifting agriculture. oil and other horticultural species like One fact is also obvious that overall (un- oranges and pine apple are more stratified) figures at a district level hide pronounced in accessible villages. This fine movements. Therefore, there is need could be attributed to joint venture for problem oriented survey design and schemes promoted by the Horticultural analysis. Dept in partnership with the private companies. Research on Wetlands – Teak and bamboo plantations (the latter – Under National Wetland Conservation

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Programme during the year, seven new its mandate through the Headquarters located projects were sanctioned. (Annexure-III) at Kosi-Katarmal, Almora (Uttarakhand), and four regional Units located at Kullu (Himachal – Management Action Plan of thirty six Pradesh), Srinagar-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), wetlands have been approved. Pangthang (Sikkim) and Itanagar (Arunachal – Two meeting of Expert Groups on Wetlands Pradesh). The Institute designs and implements (EGoW) were held in which five more R&D activities on priority environmental wetlands were recommended for problems; develops and demonstrates best assistance. Details about wetlands are practices and delivers technology packages given in Chapter-5. for improved livelihood options for the people of IHR. The identified thematic categories for Research on Mangroves and Coral Institute R&D activities include: (1) Watershed Reefs Processes and Management (WPM), (2) – The National Committee of Mangroves Biodiversity Conservation and Management and Coral Reefs monitors the (BCM), (3) Environmental Assessment and implementation of the approved Management (EAM), (4) Socio-economic Management Action Plan for the Coastal Development (SED), (5) Biotechnological States and UTs. To supplement baseline Applications (BTA), and (6) Knowledge Products 77 information on priority area of research, and Capacity Building (KCB). The projects research projects are sanctioned to sites, spread over different parts of IHR, have Universities and research institutes. A been selected carefully keeping in view the meeting of the Expert Group-B on biophysical heterogeneity and location-specific ‘Conservation & Sustainable Utilization of needs of the inhabitants. All activities are Natural Resources: Mangroves and Coral need-based, target-oriented and time-bound. Reefs was held on 29th–30th March, 2010. Research, demonstration and dissemination The Group considered 28 projects and are underlying elements of all project activities recommended four research projects in geared towards development of environment- the area of mangroves and coral reefs friendly technology packages. and are being sanctioned by the Ministry. Objectives Research on Biosphere Reserves The Institute has three broad objectives: – During the year, nine projects were – To undertake in-depth research and completed (Annexure-IV) and the ongoing development studies on environmental projects were reviewed. problems of the Indian Himalayan Region; G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan – To identify and strengthen the local Environment and Development, Kosi- knowledge of the environment and Katarmal, Almora contribute towards strengthening researches of regional relevance; and Introduction – To evolve and demonstrate suitable G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan technology packages and delivery systems Environment and Development (GBPIHED) was for sustainable development of the region established in August 1988 by the Ministry of in harmony with local perceptions. Environment and Forests, Government of India, Progress/Achievements made during the as an autonomous Institute, with a mandate year of achieving sustainable development and environmental conservation in the Indian The achievements with wide range Himalayan Region (IHR). The Institute executes implications include the following:

171 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– Towards celebrating the International Year focuses on studies of ecosystem processes of Biodiversity, the Institute has organized operational at the watershed level, including one National Conference on “Orchids: the involvement of user groups and upstream- Systematic and Diversity Analysis for downstream linkages, with an overall aim of Conservation and Sustainable Utilization” strengthening of mountain specific resource (March 19-21, 2010) and a International management practices using a systems Workshop on “Mountain Biodiversity and approach. The KCB theme of this group Impacts of Climate Change with special conducts activities that lead to enhancement reference to Himalayan Biodiversity of Institutional outreach, based on its research Hotspot” (December 6-8, 2010) products such as state-of-the art methodologies/approaches, models and policy – Institute has been entrusted with the briefs, etc. Achievements of this group include: responsibility of acting as a Nodal Institute – Towards optimizing hydrological responses for the Transboundary Cooperation in a functional land use model geological project entitled “Kailash Sacred map of Upper Kosi watershed in Landscape Conservation Initiative, Uttarakhand Himalaya has been prepared ICIMOD Nepal. (Fig. 65), which consist Almora is – Under the agis Indian Network for crystalline with gneisses and schists. The Climate Change Assessment Network Almora crystalline zone consists of (INCCA) the Institute contributed to the garnetiferous schists with interbedded Climate Change and India: A 4x4 flaggy quartzites. Geohydrological Assessment published jointly with MoEF investigation in the Kosi watershed area and released by Hon’ble Minister of State has identified a total of 57 springs and (I/C), MoEF on 15th November, 2010. has been marked based on the toposheet. – Institute developed a document for the – Mass curve analysis of total water demand Task Force of Planning Commission of and available water for upper Kosi India on critical issues related to hill states watershed was done. Cumulative work and hill areas jointly with Planning demand is less than cumulative available Commission, Govt. Of India, and water on annual basis. However, in April released by Deupty Chairman, Planning and May ~33.5 HaM water shortage is Commission on 19th August, 2010. recorded to meet both urban and rural – Institute developed a database of Indian water demand. Himalayan state for planning and – The data obtained on energy loss/gain research. This publication was released by the convection of heat from the leaves by Dr. Andreas Schild, Director General, of 20 promising tree species revealed that ICIMOD, Kathmandu on 10th September, six ‘over temperature’ species (namely, 2010. Fraxinus micrantha, Alnus nepalensis, Celtis Research and Development australis,Quercus leucotrichophora, Achievements Quercus serrata and Toona ciliata) lost Group 2: Watershed Processes and sufficient amount of energy by the Management (WPM) & Knowledge Products convection of heat whereas leaves of rest and Capacity Building (KCB) of the 14 ‘under temperature’ species gained sufficient amount of energy by the Watershed Process and Management convection of heat. (WPM) and Knowledge Products and Capacity Building (KCB) are two major thematic thrusts – Towards assessing the energy demand, of this group. Through its WPM theme, group 3,300 households were surveyed in

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77

Fig-65. Geological Map of Upper Kosi Watershed showing the classification of springs and water potential sites.

different districts of the Uttarakhand state. using Double Mass Curve method Analysis of the data revealed that various (Fig. 66). The double mass curve and kitchen fuels (firewood, kerosene oil, LPG, slope of trend curve shows the runoff of dung cake, charcoal, gobar gas, and Gaula catchment in the period 1968- electricity) are in use either single or in 1977 is more than the periods 1958- different combination. 1967, 1978-1986 and 1986-2005 with similar rainfall. – Under the indigenous knowledge system, survey was done on the selected villages Group 2: Socio Economic Development (SED) & Environmental Assessment and of Uttarakhand region. Study reveals that Management (EAM) Traditional vaidyas used about 155 plants belonging to 64 families. Besides, 93 The group includes two themes; (i) Socio Economic Development (SED) which focuses herbal formulations were documented with on activities, such as livelihood enhancement, their, composition; plant parts used and sustainable tourism, entrepreneurship and self use method. Of these, 83 formulations employment, indigenous knowledge, and were used for treatment of human ailments socio-economic and cultural implications, and 10 were used for treatment of cattle. migration, etc; and (ii) Environmental – In order to assess the ecological risk at Assessment and Management (EAM) targeting mountain area rainfall and sediment load on activities such as hill specific Strategic data of Gaula catchment in Uttarakhand, Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental the annual rainfall and annual runoff Impact Assessment (EIA), valuation of (period 1958-2005) was investigated ecosystem services, climate change impacts,

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100000

90000 Double Mass Curve 1958-1967 Double Mass Curve 1968-1977 80000 Double Mass Curve 1978-1986 70000 double Mass Curve 1998-2005

60000

50000

40000

30000

2 20000 y = 3.1841x - 2602.4, R = 0.9602 y = 7.4568x - 11533, R 2 = 0.9069 Accumulated Annual Runoff (mm) 2 10000 y = 5.1726x + 20916, R = 0.9585 y = 1.7754x + 1373.7, R 2 = 0.9807 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 Accumulated Annual Rainfall (mm)

Fig-66.. Mass Curve of rainfall-runoff for the period 1958-2005 of Gaula catchment disaster mitigation and management, and ozone showed low concentration during environmental management of urban areas, early morning showing an increase etc. The highlights of the R&D work include: during day time with a peak at afternoon, afterwards, it continued to decrease – To find out the values of Ecosystem Services (ES) such as soil and water conservation, gradually. availability of water, natural beauty, – Smallholder farming system studies was biodiversity, climate regulation etc., a carried out on 10 community managed scoring matrix was developed where the forests in the Central Himalayan region respondents were asked to assign value to examine the structural and functional for these ES out of a highest scale of 10 attributes and community management marks. It was found that Oak forests practices. This indicates that the Oak scored distinctly higher marks as dominated forests are in better condition compared to Pine forests in most of the than the Pine and Oak-Pine mixed forests. ES. A significant association was found – Under the strategic environmental between forest density and use value of assessment (SEA) land use statistics of the the forest, forest condition and level of Alaknanda catchments and influence zone enforcement through rules, and between map was illustrated based on remote forest condition and leadership quality of sensing data sets of 2004. The total the village headman (Sarpanch). catchments of the River Alaknanda occupied about 6168 km2 and 2344 km2 Group 3: Biodiversity Conservation and (37.99 %) area was the snow bound and Management (BCM) & Biotechnological remaining area of 3825 km2 was covered Applications (BTA) by different land use/ land cover classes The group includes two thematic areas (i) (Table-25). Biodiversity Conservation and Management – In order to assess the gaseous exchange (BCM), and (ii) Biotechnological Applications study was carried out at Himachal (BTA); the aim is to ensure long term Pradesh. Diurnal variation of surface conservation of sensitive Himalayan biodiversity

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Table-25. Land use/land cover statistics of the Alaknanda catchment and influence zone Area (km2) Area (%) Land use/ landcover Alaknanda Influence Alaknanda catchment zone catchment Moist mixed deciduous 9.02 7.18 79.60 Pine 121.62 93.08 76.53 Pine mix 107.98 75.67 70.08 Pine Deodar 99.99 33.59 33.59 Deodar 282.63 119.90 42.42 Coniferous mix 475.67 214.34 45.06 Temperate broad leaved 81.89 27.76 33.90 Scrubland 28.84 13.00 45.07 77 Grassland 384.95 215.06 55.87 Wasteland 2110.64 641.63 30.40 Agriculture 115.88 69.74 60.18 Water 5.75 4.53 78.78 Snow 2343.53 96.65 4.12 elements and improvement in the rural (iii) Low species diversity index (1.07) economy of the Indian Himalayan Region. was recorded compared to 2.04 (close) Highlights of the R&D work carried out under and 5.52 (open canopy) in lower forest this group are as follows: but high species diversity (3.21) in upper forest compared to 2.8 (close) and 2.5 – Response assessment survey at Nanda (open canopy) in earlier studies at Sikkim, Devi Biosphere Reserves (NDBR), and (iv) dependency of tribal of Twang Uttarakhand, Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary West Kameng were analysed. (NWLS), Himachal Pradesh, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve – In order to promote sustainable utilization (KBR), Sikkim and Tawang-West Kameng of high value plants phytochemical and Biosphere Reserve (proposed), Arunachal genetic investigation on Valeriana Pradesh revealed the following: (i) at jatamansi revealed the variation in community level and across altitude range phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and seedling and sapling layers exhibit genetic composition. increasing trends of species richness and – The effect of inoculation with an density, which is indicative of likely changes endophytic bacterium, isolated from in forest communities in future (Fig-67); cortical cells of Ginkgo biloba roots, has (ii) Inventory of plant species were made been studied with a view of its plant growth and analysed for nativity and endemicity promoting potential. Bacterial inoculation

175 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig-67. Trends in species composition during 1988 and 2008

resulted in enhancement in plant growth evolved for the first time in hills of related parameters, such as biomass, Uttarakhand and investigations on IFS chlorophyll content etc. were carried out for its validation in the Application of R & D Outputs in hilly region. IFS model comprising various Demonstration and Dissemination complimentary components such as composite carp culture, poultry, vegetable, Capacity building through Rural mushroom, fodder production and Technology Center (RTC) vermicomposting have been completed – The participatory action research and at village Patherkote in Hawalbagh block training centre (RTC) Triyuginarayan got during 2009-2010. wide popularity and played a catalytic – Using the IFS model the villagers role in the capacity building of the user groups on various rural technologies introduced and developed. Five training programme were organized on “Demonstration/dissemination of rural technologies and conservation/management of natural resources” for local farmers of Kedar valley in which 312 farmers of Triyuginarayan & adjoining villages actively participated (Fig. 68). – Towards capacity development and economic upliftment of rural women an Integrated Farming Fig-68. Demonstration of small processing units and products made of System (IFS) model has been wild edibles at Rural Technology Centre, Triyuginarayan, Uttarakhand

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produced around one ton different Throughout the year, the R&D findings of vegetables on land around the fish pond, the Institute were disseminated through exploiting overflow of pond for irrigation publication of research papers in scientific and utilizing vermicomposting produced journals and magazines, popular articles and in the model. books and through Institute publications: Pt. – On- site trainings and formal meetings G.B. Pant Memorial Lectures by eminent were organized, covering over 30 villages, thinkers and scholars, Hima-Paryavaran four Van Panchayats, six NGO groups, (Biannual-Newsletter), ENVIS Bulletin, ENVIS and 400 farmers in Uttarakhand, Newsletter, Himalayan Biosphere Reserve Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh Bulletin (Biannual) by Lead centre, and Annual and Sikkim (Fig. 69). Two training Report. programme and live demonstration for Services value addition of wild edibles and agri- crops while making a variety of local value Based on its competence gained over added products has been organized in the years on different aspects of mountain- Garhwal region. Similarly, a training specific environment and development issues program on formulation of district disaster the Institute is fully equipped to extend services 77 management plan for senior to middle in diverse sectors. level officers of line departments of Govt. of Sikkim jointly with National Institute of Forestry Research Disaster Management, New Delhi & Land Indian Council of Forestry Research Revenue, and Disaster Management and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun Department, Govt. of Sikkim has been Indian Council of Forestry Research and organized. Education (ICFRE), an apex body in the national – Based on the participatory discussion, forestry research system, has been undertaking training manuals on various technology the holistic development of forestry research packages were prepared, and distributed through need based planning, promoting, to the farmers and user groups. conducting and coordinating research, education and extension covering all aspects of forestry. The Council deals with the solution based forestry research in tune with the emerging issues in the sector, including global concerns such as climate change, conservation of biological diversity, combating desertification and sustainable management and development of resources. Topical research by the Council enhances public confidence in the ability of forest managers and researchers to successfully handle challenges related to natural resource Fig-69.On site training to various stakeholders on different technologies organized by G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development management.

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Objectives – Institute of Wood Science and Technology – To undertake, aid, promote and (IWST), Bengaluru coordinate forestry education, research – Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI), and applications thereof. Jabalpur – To develop and maintain a National – Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat Library and Information Centre for forestry – Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI), and allied sciences. Jodhpur – To act as a clearing-house for research – Himalayan Forest Research Institute (HFRI), and general information related to forests Shimla and wildlife. – Institute of Forest Productivity (IFP), Ranchi – To develop forestry extension programmes and propagate the same through mass Advanced Research Centres under the media, audio-visual aids and extension Council are machinery. – Centre for Social Forestry and Eco- – To provide consultancy services in the field Rehabilitation (CSFER), Allahabad of forestry research, education and allied – Centre for Forestry Research and Human sciences. Resource Development (CFRHRD), – To undertake other jobs considered Chhindwara necessary to attain these objectives. – Forest Research Centre (FRC), Hyderabad Institutes and Centres under the Council – Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo ICFRE has eight Regional Research and Rattans (ARCBR), Aizawl Institutes and four Research Centres located in Activities undertaken by the Council different bio-geographical regions of the – The ICFRE participated in the ‘Bonn country to cater to the forestry research needs Climate Change Talks’ held on Bonn, of the nation. Germany on 9th to 11th April 2010. The Research Institutes under the Council are meeting consisted of the eleventh session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further – Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol – Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree (AWG-KP) and the ninth session of the Ad Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the United

Fig-70. Commiphora wightii -Guggal- somatic embryogenesis based mass propagation pathway

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Nations Framework Convention on – Beta tublin gene of forty isolates of Climate Change (AWG-LCA). Cordyceps sinensis were amplified and – The ICFRE participated in the 32nd sequenced. The sequences were submitted sessions of the UNFCCC subsidiary in NCBI, USA. bodies from 31st May to 9th June 2010 – Under pathology herbarium digitization and 12th session of the AWG-KP and programme, a software programme was 10th session on the AWG-LCA from 1st implemented on Linux platform with bar- June to 11th June 2010 held in Bonn, coding mechanism for digitization of Germany. specimen records. – The ICFRE participated in the ‘Bonn – One productive and stable clone each of Climate Change Talks’ The thirteen session Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus hybrid of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further (E.camaldulensis X E.tereticornis) was Commitments for Annex I Parties of the identified and recommended by the G & Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP 13) and the TP Division in RVTC for its release. eleventh sessions of the Ad Hoc Working Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI), Group on Long- term Cooperative Action Jodhpur under the convention (AWG-LCA 11) held 77 in Bonn, Germany from 2nd to 6th August – Under lysimeter experiment carried out 2010. by AFRI, Jodhpur salinity significantly reduced root biomass. Highest root – The CDM Assessment team (CDM-AT) biomass of 19 kg per plant was in non- from UNFCCC visited ICFRE Headquarters saline water logging at 50 cm soil depth th st from 30 April to 1 May 2010 for on- in E. camaldulensis as compared to 2.2 site assessment of ICFRE and kg per plant for E. camaldulensis, 3.24 recommended for DOE status for kg per plant for Tamarix aphylla and 2.00 validation and verification of CDM A/R kg per plant for A. nilotica under saline projects. waterlogged condition. Root depth of – The ICFRE has been awarded with a one- these species restricted to the depth of time special grant of `100crore by the water logging. GoI considering its commendable – Conservation of soil and water in lower performance. Aravalli through different rainwater Research harvesting devices enhanced water, fodder and fuel wood availability for the local Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun people. Number of grass/herb species Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun increased from 39 in 2005 to 82 in 2010 is working on diversity in Ganoderma lucidum through 92 in 2009, reduced run-off by in North India and collected more than 75 2% of total rainfall and enhanced carbon specimens from Haryana, New Delhi, Punjab, stock, soil water and nutrient status and Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh for plant growth, while studies on restoring conservation and utilization. degraded Avavalli Hills. – The research work has been carried out – Under the project forests soil by FRI on 31 Ganoderma lucidum ITS characterization and classifications, 383 region sequences of nr DNA and were soil profiles studied covering 335 forest granted accession numbers and data were blocks and 1406 soil samples in different released by Gene Bank, USA (NCBI). districts of Rajasthan for soil structure,

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consistency, colour, pH, electrical have been identified, and developed oil

conductivity, organic carbon, NO3 and pre-formulations. The Bioefficacy was

NH4 – nitrogen and phosphorus. evaluated at 5000 and 10,000 ppm against the target teak pest Hyblaea puera – Survey work for assessing population in terms of larval mortality. Field level density of guggul was carried out at 25 biopesticidal applications and experiments sites belonging to five districts of were carried out in State forest nurseries Rajasthan. Guggula density was found at Nilambur and Kulathupuzha, Kerala maximum (56.3 plants/ha) but the to confirm the insecticidal properties. population was relatively more uniform During the field evaluation, it was in Jaisalmer. Under network project of observed that, no further insect attack guggal, clonal performance trials were was observed in teak nurseries, also established using clonal material of the observed as a growth promoter. The various region of Rajasthan and at 30 performance of bioactivity of different months age, survival varied for 40-100% ranges of oil preformulations are in and height 93.17-172.25 cm and mean progress to recommend the suitable crown diameter 96.69-162.91 cm. formulation for nursery application. Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree – IFGTB, Coimbatore reported a native Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore parasitoid, Megastigmus sp. acting as a – Studies on enhancing rootability and potential biocontrol agent on gall insect planting stock production of selected high pest, Leptocybe invasa in the field from yielding clones of Eucalyptus through Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Micro & Mini cutting technique were Institute of Wood Science and Technology undertaken by IFGTB, Coimbatore. (IWST), Bengaluru Rooting of clones using juvenile shoot technique for 13 clones was enhanced – IWST, Bangalore conducted studies on compared to conventional cutting method. performance of coatings on modified wood surfaces. Chemically modified – Eighty-five clones of C. equisetifolia were (benzoylated and acetylated) wood assessed for their salt stress response under specimens of Rubber wood and Radiata gradually increasing concentrations of pine were coated with a transparent and sodium chloride ranging from 50 mM to opaque polyurethane exterior paint. The 550 mM in Hoaglands solution, and coated panels were exposed to outdoor highly tolerant and susceptible clones. weathering and samples were periodically Analysis of these clones revealed that the examined for weathering deteriorations. most susceptible clones had a shoot to Results indicate that performance of root ratio of sodium ranging from 1.5 to coating on modified wood was remarkably 3.6, while in the tolerant clones the shoot improved as compared unmodified to root ratio was lesser than or around specimens. Chemically modified wood one indicating that shoot to root ratio of improved coatings adhesion and sodium could be considered as one of enhanced performance of paints the markers for screening of salt tolerant significantly. casuarina clones. – A total of 222 fungal isolates belonging – IFGTB, Coimbatore observed that to 40 genera were isolated from the fruits biopesticidal properties of Aegle seed oil and seeds of endemic species of Western

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Ghats. A new fungal species viz., nutans and Dendrocalamus strictus were Penicilloipsis indcus was identified from selected for bamboo based Agri- the seeds of D. malabaricum and silviculture system. Two agriculture crops Beltraniella veteriae from Vateria indica viz. wheat in Rabi season and Urad in New host records of fungi i.e., Beltrania Kharif season were intercropped with rhombica on seeds of P. indicum and these bamboo species. Successfully Bartalinia lateripes on seeds of G. gummi- established bamboo-wheat and bamboo- gatta were reported urad Agri-silviculture system as an OSR. – Two new weevils were found as defoliators Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), of sandal viz, Peltotrachelus cognatus Faust Jorhat Myllocerus delicatulus Bohemman. Young – RFRI, Jorhat, Assam has successfully sandal plantations grown along with induced agarwood with artificial Acacia auriculiformis revealed the incidence of two new stem borers inoculation of fungi in healthy agar trees Purpuricenus sanguinolentus- (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) under the Olivier.(Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) and project entitled “Investigations on the Exocentrus sp. A new sandal seed borer formation of agar wood in Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.”. Besides, the keys for 77 Araecerus fasciculatus -De Geer was found to cause 25% damage to sandal identifications of initiation or formation seeds. of agarwood in agar trees. – Two new species of stem borers belonging – RFRI, Jorhat, Assam has developed to Coleoptera (Family Cemambycidae) viz Meleng Grant village (comprises of Tetraommatus filiformis –Perroud and Govindpur, Bhogpur & Madhupur) as a Chlorophorus circulatus Holzschuh were demo village for technology transfer & found to girdle the branches causing death demonstration of sustainable livelihood to the branches of M.dactyloides. through forestry activities. Economy of the rural populace has been improved Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI), significantly with the adoption of vermi- Jabalpur composting techniques, post harvest – Five hundred twenty nine medicinal plants preservation of bamboos, Bamboo & of forest origin being utilized by 135 Patchouli Nurseries along with various traditional herbal healers have been Agro-forestry models etc. under this documented and identiied from Madhya programme of technology transfer. Pradesh by TFRI, Jabalpur. Sixty one traders involved in trading of herbal plants/parts Himalayan Forest Research Institute have been contacted for marketing (HFRI), Shimla channels and price structure. – HFRI, Shimla achieved a breakthrough in – Documentation, distribution and the germination potential for the seeds of identification of forest invasive species in Juniperus polycarpos – an endangered the forest area of Jabalpur, Katni, Mandla species of the dry temperate and cold and Seoni districts of Madhya Pradesh deserts areas and a species of social are being carried out to find out the relevance too for the local inhabitants - intensity of Invasive species in the forest has been achieved. and to workout their control measures. – HFRI, Shimla and its network partners – Two bamboo species, viz., Bambusa carried out extensive surveys in North-

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Western Himalayas for assessing the overwhelming participation by the population status and identification of villagers affected by the proposed superior genetic stock of Picrorhiza kurroa hydropower project was observed. Royle and Valeriana jatamansi. Data base – ICFRE has been awarded five new EIA/ generated which provided a lead towards EMP consultancy works. identification of superior chemotypes for subsequent development of their Indian Institute of Forest Management conservation strategies and further (IIFM), Bhopal multiplication. The Indian Institute of Forest Management – Continuing efforts in population genetic (IIFM), as a sectoral management institute, analysis and characterization of Cedrus imparts education in forest management, deodara germplasm through DNA based which is a judicious mixture of forestry, social, markers, PCR conditions for Cedrus and management science. The Institute deodara standardized and screening of constantly endeavours to keep in touch with primers and scoring of polymorphic loci the problems of people, especially the forest done at HFRI, Shimla. dwellers and undertakes need-based research. The Institute tries to serve as a reservoir of Extension knowledge in the area of forest management – International Day for Biological Diversity and ensures proper integration of external and and World Environment Day were indigenous knowledge suitable to Indian observed by ICFRE institutes on 22nd May context. 2010 and 5th June 2010 respectively. Various activities like tree planting etc. The specific objectives of the Institute are: were conducted to mark the occasion. Education and Training – AFRI, Jodhpur observed World Day to – To meet the demand for the trained human Combat Desertification on 17th June 2010. resource with managerial and analytical Besides planting ceremony, bilingual skills in the areas of forestry, environment pamphlets on the theme declared by UNEP and development management through were released on the occasion. regular educational courses. Consultancies – To update the knowledge and managerial – EIA consultants from ICFRE made a skills of the serving professionals in the presentation on the baseline status of the above areas through short-term training project and the management plan Programs. proposed to overcome the negative Research and Consultancy impact on physical, biological and social – To generate information on field realities environment during the two- days public and derive meaningful interpretation hearing for Kuther Hydroelectric Power through systematic research. Project at Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh on 16th April 2010 at Dalli Village – To offer consultancy services to the client and on 17th April 2010 at Garola village organizations based on the available conducted by Himachal Pradesh State expertise. Pollution Control Board. A detailed plan Dissemination proposed for tribal area development with proposed tentative financial target was – To disseminate the research-based discussed in depth with the public. An information/knowledge and meet the

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information needs of the forestry, It aims to promote community forestry initiatives environment and allied sectors through and publications in the field of Joint Forest training, seminars and publications. Management (JFM), Self-Initiated Forest Databases and Information Systems Protection (SIFP) and other forms of community based forest management system. – To generate and maintain relevant databases that are essential for policy The Centre began functioning actively in formulation, project planning and strategy 2001, with fund support from the Sir Dorabji development in forestry, environment and Tata Trust (SDTT), Mumbai. Later, it received allied sectors many projects from various governments and non government agencies through which the – To develop an Information Management Centre catered its other ongoing community System, which is compatible with and forestry projects. The centre publishes a easily accessible for all users, i.e. from newsletter “People and Forests” based on its local (community) to global level. activities for dissemination of information to Policy Formulation, Analysis and rest of the world. Advocacy The ICCF envisages programs – To function as a national ‘think tank’ on 77 implementation involving exchange of 77 forestry and environment aimed at scientists, researchers and community forestry developing appropriate policies and workers from India and other countries. strategies. Center for Ecological Services – To play an advocacy role in the sectors Management (CESM) of concern to promote adoption of appropriate policies and implementation The Center for Ecological Services strategies and safeguard the genuine Management (CESM) is being set up as an interests of the disadvantaged interdisciplinary center to address crucial policy stakeholders whenever necessary without issues associated with the complex relationship compromising national interests. between ecological, social, economic, legal Research and institutional aspects of ecosystem management. Several initiatives have been – Research being one of the key activities taken by organizations on the issues of of the Institute, it actively undertook environment and development in south and various research projects in diverse areas. south-east Asia, but the number of professional IIFM completed seven research projects organization working on the related issues on during the year, of which two were valuation and developing markets and sponsored by IIFM and five were externally incentive based mechanism ecosystem services sponsored projects. Currently, there are is very small. CESM specifically addressed this 26 ongoing research projects at IIFM. crucial gap and would undertake research, Centres of Excellence consultancy, teaching, training activities as well as prepare data base on the values of International Centre for Community Forestry (ICCF) ecosystem service, develop and standardize techniques of valuation of ecosystem service The International Centre for Community and impact studies of degradation. It also Forestry (ICCF) is functioning as a “Centre of networks with national and international Excellence” to cater to the growing need and organizations in the NRM Sector for promoting interest in Community Forestry (CF) initiatives. professional exchange. During the year 2009-10

183 Ministry of Environment & Forests one international and one national training Regional Center for National Afforestation programmes; two dissemination workshops; and Eco-development Board (RCNAEB) two international research projects have been The Regional Center for National undertaken in the Centre. Afforestation and Eco-development Board, Center for Sustainable Forest (RCNAEB), was established in 1989 at Indian Management & Forest Certification (SFM Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, which & FC) is one out of seven in the country. The center looks after the States of Madhya Pradesh, Forest Certification has emerged as an Chhatisgarh and Orissa in pursuing the important market driven tool and a mechanism programmes of National Afforestation and for assessment and monitoring of forest and Eco-development Board (NAEB), Ministry of forest products. It is a process that leads to Environment and Forests (MOEF), Govt. of the issuing of a certificate by an independent India, New Delhi. Monitoring and evaluation party, which verifies that an area of forest is of plantations raised by forest departments/ managed to a defined standard. NGO’s is done through this center. It also The center for SFM & FC represents IIFM provides a forum for cross fertilization of ideas as member in both the National Working about afforestation activities. MoEF, New Delhi Group as well as the National Forest and Director, Indian Institute of Forest Certification Committee, constituted by Govt. Management, Bhopal have signed a of India. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which provides basis for the functioning of the centre. The center is expected to generate the Apart from MoU an Advisory Management pool of knowledge and understanding on the Committee and a Core Group of faculty emerging field of Stainable Forest members guide the functioning of the center. Management & Forest Certification for the So far the center has organized and co- benefit of forestry sector in the country. ordinated several training programmes, research projects (most of them on expressed Centre for Livelihood Management needs of the Forest Department), evaluation Centre of Livelihood Management’s of plantation works done by forest departments mission is “Sustainable Livelihood Enhancement and NGOs, plantation assessment for Indira of communities including Poor, Marginalised Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra (IPVM) and Maha and Women”. The centre will act as a Resource Vriksha Puraskar (MVP) awards etc. Centre for Stakeholders in the area of training, research, documentation, consultancy, network Training and advocacy activities. It would provide a The Institute has been organizing short- forum for influencing the programmes nad term training courses, seminars and workshops policies related to livelihood. It would also to transfer technical and managerial skills strive for dissemination of technology and being generated by faculty areas of the institute. approaches which can sustain livelihood. The The focus of these programmes is on evolving, stakeholders would include government officials analyzing and synthesizing various implementing various development projects management techniques/tools, ideas and for livelihood enhancement, personnel from concepts relevant to the forestry and allied NGO and Civil Society organizations, sector. During the year 2009-10, 24 MDPs, representatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions seven workshops/seminars and three awareness and Communities. programmes were conducted which include

184 Annual Report 2010-2011 programmes conducted under long-term Indian Plywood Industries Research externally funded projects like ITTO and and Training Institute (IPIRTI), RCNAEB. Bengaluru Consultancy Established in 1962 as a co-operative The Institute completed three consultancy research laboratory at the initiative of the assignments and five more are in progress Indian Plywood Industry with participation of during the year 2010-11. the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Plywood Industries Research Some of the client organizations for and Training Institute (IPIRTI) is now an consultancy assignment include M.P. Forest autonomous Research and Training Institute Department; M.P. State Employment Guarantee under the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Council, Department of Panchayat and Rural Government of India. From the inception, the development, Government of M.P.; Haryana Institute has been closely associated with Forest Department; Institute of European and development of plywood and panel industry Environment Policy (IEEP), London; IPIRTI, Bangalore; Khadi andVillage Industries in the country and also instrumental in the Commission, Mumbai; Planning and growth, from its infant stage. The Institute is 77 Coordination Department, Government of an industry driven organization. Recognized Orissa; Tribal Welfare Department, (since 1989) as a Scientific & Industrial Government of M.P. etc. Research Organization by the Government of India under the Department of Scientific and Publications Industrial Research Scheme. The Institute continues to disseminate its research findings to the larger audience The Institute is basically mandated to through its own publications and also by carry out research and development, training publication of research papers in reputed and education, testing and standardization journals, books and also by presentation of and extension in the field of plywood and papers in national and international panel product manufacturing. The conferences. The faculty also participated and multidisciplinary research projects based on presented research papers in national and the problems identified by the industrial international conference. representatives, Institute Scientists and other similar interested organizations, are taken Other Activities up.This is the only Institute of its kind in the The year 2009-10 was marked by country working for the plywood and panel significant progress in different areas of industries. Due to expertise and credibility academic activities. The Students Council of established over many years, the Institute has IIFM has also been very active during this developed a strong relationship with the year and organized number of academic as industry and well recognized for its contribution. well as extra-curricular events. As a result, industry continues to support our The Institute, apart from ranked as the research efforts. An important and unique top sectoral management institute in the aspect of R & D works at the Institute is that country, has also been ranked among top 20 lab scale findings are upscaled to industrial Business Schools, that include IIMs by leading level to facilitate their adoption by the business magazines. Industries.

185 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Progress / Achievements made during the Upgradation of facility for year commercialization of Bamboo Mat Research Corrugated Sheet (BMCS) with addition of Bamboo Mat Ridge Cap (BMRC) Development of technique for production of Face Veneer Use of BMCS have already started in the housing activities as roofing material. It has At present, imported timbers like Keruing/ become very much necessary to develop Ridge Gurjan are peeled to make 0.23 to 0.28 mm cap for covering the top/corners of roof made thick face veneers for making plywood, due out of BMCS. Accordingly Institute has to non-availability of traditional Indian successfully developed technology jointly with hardwoods. The sources of supply of these imported species are getting depleted Building Materials Technology Promotion drastically, day by day. Hence there is an Council (BMTPC) for manufacture of Bamboo urgent need to find out alternate methods of mat ridge cap (BMRC) on a pilot plant scale. making face veneers to meet the challenges This technology is commercialized through M/ posed by the shortage of face quality veneers s Timpack (P) Ltd., Meghalaya, which is and it is very much necessary for continuing presently manufacturing BMCS with IPIRTI & the production of plywood in the industry BMTPC technology. Commercial Scale Press without disruption. with Specially designed Dies for making BMRC were installed and commissioned suceessfully Fitches of size 2.5 m x 0.15m were made at M/s Timpack (P) Ltd., Meghalaya. using plantation species Poplar, Eucalyptus and Rubber wood. Sliced veneers were produced Standards for Emission of formaldehyde with different grain patterns. Yield studies were and other Volatile Organic Compound carried out on recovery of veneers. Radially (VOC) from Wood and particle board and Longitudinally curved were got fabricated Formaldehyde is a health hazard when based on the trials. Lab scale trials were inhaled by living organism and hence its completed on dyeing of veneer and pilot scale continuous emission from wood based panel trials on dyeing of veneer is being taken up. products is harmful to workers and users. However, no National standard has so far been formulated to safeguard the users. It is therefore, utmost necessary to standardize manufacturing process and test method of the level of formaldehyde and VOC emission from wood and finished wood products and formulate national standards. The process of measurements were optimized for emission of formaldehyde from wood based panel products as per EN 717-1 and ISO standards. It was observed Fig-71. Bamboo Mat Ridge Cap (BMRC) that the panels made using modified

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Technology for manufacture of single/ 3-layered Particle Board from Rice Husk Among all the agricultural residues, the most abundantly available is rice husk. It is the by-product of the most important agro- based industry in the country, namely paddy milling. Rice husk is available in the country to the extent of 2 million tones per annum. Particle size, drying schedules and process parameters for making single and 3 layered particle boards from rice husk were optimized on laboratory scale. The panels were evaluated for strength properties as per IS:3087 - Fig-72. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Chamber Specification for medium density particle board. The physical and mechanical properties resin system indicates very less emission value of the panels conforms to the requirement of when compared with conventional resin system 77 IS:3087 with excellent fire resistance properties. and is well within the limits of E1 emission Pilot plant trials were also taken up by level. Samples received from industries were adopting the process optimized on laboratory evaluated for emission of the products. scale. 2ft x 4ft boards were made. The panels Facilities have been established for testing of are being evaluated for physical and emission of volatile organic compound from mechanical properties. wood and panel products. Based on the results national standards are being worked out. Development of Soya based Adhesive Development of Bio-Adhesives with less A study of making ply boards with emission of formaldehyde for Wood and phenolic and amino resin where replacement Panel Products of phenol and urea/melamine has been made One of the major problems associated with soya flour. In this study the condition for with use of synthetic formaldehyde based wood denaturing soya flour was optimized to adhesive is the release of formaldehyde from the products made with these resins. Urea formaldehyde resin based adhesive is the worst which, due to slow decomposition, continues to emit formaldehyde until the usable life of the product. Formulations for resin were worked out using furfuraldehyde in phenolic and amino resins. Partial replacement of formaldehyde by furfuraldehyde was also carried out. It was observed that phenolic resins developed on laboratory scale gave encouraging results and conformed to boiling water resistance grade while amino resins needs some more study for achieving the requisite properties. Fig-73. Rice Husk Particle Board

187 Ministry of Environment & Forests maximize its incorporation into the final valuable academic data, help evolve study polymerized resin. Soya flour was made to techniques relevant to the Indian ground react with phenol, formalin and caustic to conditions and also create a group of trained make durable adhesives for the manufacturing field biologists, socio-economists and wildlife of exterior grade plywood. Soya was partially managers. The scientific information generated substituted for phenol in the phenol is utilized for management of protected areas. formaldehyde resin. The percentage Research also enables the institute’s faculty to substitution was optimized for achieving exterior keep abreast of the current field situations, grade plywood. The products made from management needs and research trends in soya adhesives have shown excellent results the field and thus constantly enhance its as per relevant specifications and the products professional skill and update its teaching found to be completely free of formaldehyde inputs. emission. The studies were limited to lab scale. The research agenda is decided and Wildlife Institute of India (WII), guided by the Training Research Advisory Dehradun Committee (TRAC) comprising eminent conservationsists, academicians and Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is a premier representatives of scientific organizations as research and training institution in the field of well as state wildlife organizations, which wildlife and protected area management in ensures that research conforms to the national South Asia. Wildlife research at the Institute conservation priorities. covers ecological, biological, socio-economic and managerial aspects of wildlife During the reporting period 45 research conservation. The research project generates projects were ongoing in the Institute.

188 CHAPTER-8 EDUCATION AND AWARENESS Ministry of Environment & Forests

Environmental Education, Awareness – To promote environmental awareness and Training among all sections of the society; Introduction and Objectives – To spread environment education, The emergence of environmental issues especially in the non-formal system at the top of the global agenda in the context among different sections of the society; of climate change concerns underline the need – To facilitate development of education/ for collective endeavour for protection of training materials and aids in the formal environment. This warrants informed and education sector; voluntary participation of all sections of the people in the movement for conservation and – To promote environment education through participation of environment. Awareness of existing educational/scientific/research people about emerging environmental issues institutions; and the interconnections between the life styles – To ensure training and manpower and environment is an essential prerequisite development for environment education, for such participation. awareness and training; Population increase, rapid urbanisation – To encourage non-governmental and industrialisation, increasing needs of organizations, mass media and other energy etc., have impacted the availability of concerned organizations for promoting natural resources besides denting the quality awareness about environmental issues of environment. The environmental damage among the people at all levels; already inflicted cannot be reversed unless there is collective thinking, will and effort. – To use different media including films, These call for public awareness and audio, visual and print,, theatre, drama, participation for bringing about an attitudinal advertisements, hoarding, posters, change and finally restricting further damage seminars, workshops, competitions, to the environment. Effective implementation meetings etc. for spreading messages of environmental management and concerning environment and awareness; conservation programmes depends on and education, awareness raising and training in the relevant areas. Without an adequate – To mobilize people’s participation for awareness of the impending challenges and preservation and conservation of their implications, few people would be environment. motivated to participate actively in Activities undertaken during the year programmes on environmental conservation. Environment education and awareness thus The major programmes undertaken to assumes critical importance. achieve the overall objectives of the scheme The ‘Environmental Education, Awareness are as follows: and Training’ is a flagship scheme of the National Green Corps (NGC) Programme Ministry for enhancing the understanding of people at all levels about the relationship It is a well established and recognised between human beings and the environment fact that the children can be catalysts in and to develop capabilities/skills to improve promoting a mass movement about the and protect the environment. This scheme was ensemble of the environmental issues. Being launched in 1983-84 with the following basic future citizens, inculcation of environment objectives: friendly attitudes and behavioural patterns

190 Annual Report 2010-2011 amongst them can make a significant distribution of environmental education difference to the long term efforts for protection resource materials etc. Action components of environment. Children are triggers for a could be plantation of trees, management of chain reaction, making a difference at the household waste, cleaning of water bodies, local and community level which in due course taking up water harvesting structures, use of lead to awareness at village, city, state, country energy saving devices etc. Diverse target and global level. MoEF has hence, embarked groups encompassing students, youths, upon a major initiative for creating teachers, tribals, farmers, other rural environmental awareness among children by population, professionals and the general formulating National Green Corps (NGC) in public are covered under NEAC. The programme is implemented through 2001-02. In less than nine years, that the designated Regional Resource Agencies (RRAs) programme has been in operation, it has appointed for specific States/Regions of the been catapulted into a mass movement of country. children for maintaining and preserving the environment. 1,30,931 Eco-clubs have so far This programme was continued during been established in NGC Schools across the this year with the main theme as ‘Bio-diversity’. country. The following sub-themes for action components were considered for financial 88 th During financial year 2010-11 (as on 8 assistance: February, 2011), 87,586 Eco-clubs were supported by the Ministry across the country. (i) Wetland conservation, (ii) Conservation of rare indigenous plants National Environment Awareness Campaign including medicinal plants, (NEAC) (iii)Community participation in biodiversity The need for a mass movement for conservation, and protection of environment needs no emphasis. The concerns of the people for environment (iv) Bio-diversity and pollution control. need to be harnessed into voluntary action. Thirty four Regional Resource Agencies This requires a network of nodal agencies (RRAs) appointed by the Ministry are involved and grass-root level organisations. in conducting, supervising and monitoring the NEAC activities during the year. A total of The NEAC was hence launched in mid 12,078 organisations have been involved in 1986 with the objective of creating the campaign across the country. The Ministry environmental awareness at the national level. released a grant of `11.25 cr to the RRAs for In this campaign, nominal financial assistance further disbursement among the approved is provided to NGOs, schools, colleges, participating organisations. universities, research institutes, women and youth organisations, army units, government Library departments etc. from all over the country for The Library is the documented repository conducting awareness raising and action of the Ministry for dissemination of information oriented activities. The awareness activities in the field of environment and its associated could be seminars, workshops, training areas. It has a collection of over 25,000 books programmes, camps, padyatras, rallies, public and Technical reports etc. Besides, the library meetings, exhibitions, essay/debate/painting/ also receives more than 51 national/ poster competitions, folk dances and songs, international journals covering diverse areas street theatre, puppet shows, preparation and of environment. Being the scientific Ministry,

191 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Library is one of the richest documentary bases Mass Awareness for scientific journals in the field of environment and its associated areas. Media Cell of the Ministry is mandated with taking up awareness campaigns using The library performs an important role in print and electronic media besides other mass the planning, promotion, implementation and media to enhance awareness about various coordination of the Ministry’s objectives by environmental issues which would in turn providing timely access to relevant and facilitate better compliance with environment comprehensive information to its users-officials regulations. Media Cell is guided by an of the Ministry, external organizations (both Advisory Committee of Experts on Media governmental and non governmental), research Matters under the Chairmanship of Secretary students, decision makers etc. (E&F) in this regard. During the year, as per Research scholars from various the Media Action Plan (MAP) adopted by the organisations, institutions and other Ministry, the following major activities were professional bodies visited the library for a supported/sponsored/ completed: variety of information required by them from – The World Environment Day (WED) was time to time. commemorated on 5th June 2010 on the Seminars/Symposia/Workshops theme: ‘Bio-diversity: Connecting with Nature’. A commemorative postage This programme provides a platform to stamp on biodiversity was released on scientists/environmentalists/ University the occasion. To generate awareness professionals/ technocrats, etc, to share their among the common people, a coloured knowledge on various subjects related to advertisement was also released on 5th environment. The Ministry provides financial June, 2010 in leading National and assistance to the Universities/other institutions/ Regional newspapers in English, Hindi and NGOs to organise events (seminars / Regional languages. The occasion was Symposia/Workshops/Conferences) and to graced, among others, by the former publish the proceedings. The scheme President of India Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. facilitates the transfer of technical know-how to different people including local population. – Launched a Low Carbon Campaign through Prasar Bharti Broadcasting Universities/Professional bodies/Technical Corporation of India during the Institutions and other R&D organisations are Commonwealth Games, 2010 in very responsive to the programme as is collaboration with Ministry of New and evidenced by the increase in the number of Renewable Energy Sources and Bureau of proposals being received by the Ministry. Thrust Energy Efficiency by Telecast of 30 Public areas as identified under the programme are Service Messages and 10 Shera pop ups under constant review and being expanded to innovatively linked with energy and include more new areas. Proposal to enhance environmental related issues. the monetary ceilings for events at District, State, National and International levels is – Supported production of 13 episodes each under consideration to expand the outreach of 30 minutes duration on ‘biodiversity’ of the programme both geographically and in the context of declaration of 2010 as demographically. During the financial year International Year of Biodiversity. 2010-11 (as on 8th February, 2011) twenty six organisations were provided financial – Supported production of two films each assistance for conducting seminars/ symposia/ of 45 minutes duration on ‘Man-Animal workshop etc. Conflict’ & ‘River Pollution’.

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– Presented a tableaux on ‘Biodiversity and available with professional societies and sustainable livelihoods’ in the Republic institutions for promotion of environment Day Parade 2011. education and awareness. The programme – Supported the CMS Vatavaran 2010 – aims at utilizing the existing capacities while 4th Environment & Wildlife Travelling Film simultaneously providing for enhancing the Festival in six cities i.e. Shimla, Shillong, capacities of such institutions. The projects to Trivandrum, Ahmedabad, Bhubaneswar be financially supported would interalia include and Patna. development/extension of exhibition galleries, interpretation centres and education materials – Supported Regional Museum of Natural relating to ecology, wildlife and environment. History, Mysore for organisation of The financial assistance is not provided for Travelling Exhibition on “Biodiversity of procurement of capital goods/ equipment. the Western Ghats” in the context of However, some office equipment like computer, declaration of 2010 as International Year projector etc can be purchased if they are of Biodiversity covering Hyderabad, incidental to or essential part of exhibition Chennai, Puducherry, Kochi, Kavaratti, galleries, interpretation centres and Panaji and Mysore. educational focused activities. This one time – Extended financial support for publishing 88 grant is also not available for research, 88 advertorials on Environmental Awareness collection and compilation of data and and full-page advertisement of the Ministry information or to any individual / business of Environment & Forests in the Magazine houses. ‘Geography and You’ (English) and “Bhugol Aur Aap” (Hindi). Publication of resource material related to environment – Released Half Page advertisement in National and Regional Newspapers in The objective of this programme is to English, Hindi and Regional languages utilize expertise available with professional on completion of 25 years of the Ministry. societies, voluntary organizations, institutions etc. for developing and publication of Environment Appreciation Courses innovative and high quality resource material In order to provide interested persons an for promoting environmental education and opportunity to learn in detail about specific awareness by providing financial assistance environmental issues, the Ministry provides a for development and publication of such course module through Indira Gandhi National material. The publication material must Open University (IGNOU) for Environmental popularize the understanding about the Appreciation Course. Delivery of these courses environment, emerging issues and out of the is through distance education mode. The box solutions including innovative approaches course module developed for appreciation for protection and should be relevant and of courses is also being used by the IGNOU as high standard and should supplement the compulsory component of its undergraduate efforts of the Ministry to promote environment courses. This is in pursuance of the directives education and awareness. of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. Grants-in-Aid to Professional Societies Under the programme, grant is not and Institutions provided for publication of newsletters, magazines, journals, periodicals etc. or to The objective of the programme is to any publisher / business house including facilitate optimum utilization of expertise individuals.

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Global Learning and Observations to State watched the broadcasts on Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Doordarshan-1.

The Global Learning and Observations Progress/Achievements made during the to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Programme year – an international Science and Education programme – provides a unique opportunity – 87,586 Eco-clubs supported during 2010- th to the school students to carry out various 11 (as on 8 February, 2010). measurements so that they can learn about – Record level of financial assistance of scientific protocols and perform environmental `11.25 crore approved under NEAC. learning activities, which have already been introduced as theory in the textbooks. The – Numbers of participating organisations GLOBE programme not only helps the students in NEAC reached an all time high of to appreciate the contents of the textbooks 12,078. through better understanding but also assists them in gaining complete knowledge of Comparison of progress during the year environment. Progress mode in supporting Eco-clubs It facilitates research through a worldwide under NGC since 2003-04 is shown in Fig.74. research team comprising of students, teachers State-wise status and scientists. – Number of eco-clubs established in States Other Awareness Programmes / UTs since 2004-05 is given in Table-26. Since the financial assistance provided – A detail of financial assistance released for awareness programmes under the NEAC under the NGC programme is given in is for activities to be conducted in a specific Table-27. time frame and are short-term projects restricted to a specific area, other proposals – Amount sanctioned under NEAC for creating awareness among diverse target programme since 2004-05 is given in groups are received throughout the year from Table-28. various NGOs and other agencies. These are considered on merit as and when received Implementing organisations along with and supported. Some of the major awareness details activities conducted/sponsored during the year The National Green Corps Programme is are mentioned below: implemented throughout the country through – Vacation Programme on Natural State Nodal Agencies. A list of nodal agencies Resources – A four weeks residential in States / UTs is at Annexure-VII The Regional programme on Natural Resources Resource Agencies help the Ministry in involving children from Bhopal (Madhya conducting, supervising and monitoring the Pradesh) was sponsored. NEAC activities throughout the country. The agencies assisting the Ministry in conducting – Srishti: The Environment Quiz – 8452 plus the campaign in 2010-11 are given in secondary schools from 25 Districts in the Annexure-VIII. State approached and 579 schools registered their teams. Winners took home The number of participating organisations armloads of eco-friendly prizes and in NEAC rose from 115 during 1986-87 to camping trips. TV audiences across the 12,078 during 2010-2011. (Fig-75)

194 Annual Report 2010-2011

112844

No. *

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Years 88 th 88 *2010-11 (as on 8 February, 2011)

Fig-74. Progress made in supporting National Green Corps (NGC)

1986-87 1991-92 1996-97 2001-02 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Years

Fig-75. Participating organizations in National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC)

195 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Table-26. No. of Eco-clubs established under the NGC Programme (since 2004-05)

S. State/UT No. of Eco-clubs No. 2010-11* 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 1 Andhra Pradesh 5750 5750 5750 5750 5750 3900 3900 2 Arunachal Pradesh (NE) 525 3 Assam (NE) 5207 5207 4695 4 Bihar 8971 8971 8473 7200 5266 5700 5 Chandigarh (UT) 115 113 112 110 6 Chhattisgarh 3932 3932 3932 3932 4000 2373 2400 7 Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) 8 Daman & Diu (UT) 9 Delhi (NCT) 1796 1874 2000 1600 1600 1500 1500 10 Goa 500 500 500 441 300 11 Gujarat 6750 6750 6500 6500 6250 3750 3750 12 Haryana 5000 5000 2850 2750 13 Himachal Pradesh 3000 1693 1800 1800 14 Jammu & Kashmir 5500 15 Jharkhand 3300 16 Karnataka 8000 8000 4800 17 Kerala 3500 3500 3500 3500 2100 18 Lakshadweep (UT) 12 19 Maharashtra 8905 8898 8898 8844 8844 5400 5400 20 Manipur (NE) 1350 1350 900 21 Meghalaya (NE) 22 Mizoram (NE) 1235 1235 1235 1200 1200 1200 23 Madhya Pradesh 12500 12500 12000 12000 7200 7200 7200 24 Nagaland (NE) 2275 2227 2048 2107 800 800 25 Orissa 7500 7500 7500 5900 4500 4500 26 Puducherry (UT) 550 550 513 513 27 Punjab 5000 5000 5000 5000 4250 2550 2550 28 Rajasthan 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 4800 4800 29 Sikkim (NE) 540 30 Tamil Nadu 7500 7500 7500 7500 7500 4500 4500 31 Tripura (NE) 600 600 600 600 600 32 Uttar Pradesh 10747 10500 33 Uttaranchal 1950 34 West Bengal 3912 4750 4750 4750 2850 2850 Total 87586 93256 112844 91447 87353 67943 68125 * as on 8th February, 2011

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Table-27. Details of Financial Assistance Released to Eco-clubs under the NGC Programme (since 2004-05) (Amount in `)

S. State/UT 2010-11* 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 No.

1 Andhra Pradesh 15697500 15697500 15697500 15697500 15466250 10325000 4922500 2 Andaman & Nicobar 896112 Islands (UT) 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1620929 (NE) 4 Assam (NE) 14377125 13163586 12313583 5 Bihar 24546375 24330707 23080000 19598456 13393300 6191923 6 Chhattisgarh 10741500 10741500 10741500 10741500 10715207 6304150 2940000 7 Chandigarh (UT) 324529 322750 303338 264650 8 Dadra & Nagar (UT) 9 Daman & Diu (UT) 10 Delhi (NCT) 4791182 4681243 4887587 4066733 4237079 3665134 1258491 88 11 Goa 1287721 1323190 1357625 1158021 353158 12 Gujarat 18372375 18395000 17745000 17712500 16750000 10082640 3289268 13 Haryana 13242978 13242978 6594998 740000 14 Himachal Pradesh 7877425 4391975 4735777 2152205 15 Jammu & Kashmir 14300000 16 Jharkhand 3343673 17 Karnataka 18648000 23189957 1396046 18 Kerala 9450000 9447375 9439500 9119252 1221850 19 Lakshadweep (UT) 26299 20 Madhya Pradesh 34125000 34060000 32760000 32160000 20160000 19620000 8793750 21 Maharashtra 23718362 23709110 23635348 23253249 23730000 14715000 6300000 22 Manipur (NE) 3663018 3663018 450,000 23 Meghalaya (NE) 24 Mizoram (NE) 6903750 3447500 3128200 3128300 1150814 25 Nagaland (NE) 12097125 539500 5247500 5652500 2256044 400000 26 Orissa 20474511 20228019 20275000 16100000 12235225 5250000 27 Puducherry (UT) 1519640 1477270 1301567 524973 28 Punjab 13650000 13650000 13650000 13552500 11390000 6948750 2975000 29 Rajasthan 21840000 21837661 21725002 21440000 21440000 13080000 5452540 30 Tamil Nadu 20475000 20361310 20327027 20107802 20099609 12080000 5154797 31 Tripura (NE) 1680000 1680000 1680000 1600000 735000 32 Sikkim (NE) 1025000 33 Uttarakhand 5111829 34 Uttar Pradesh 9683084 19100000 35 West Bengal 10872500 13585000 12350000 12730000 7766250 4660543

Total 244356055 249906482 298350731 236143254 226661044 171379806 69682830 * as on 8th February, 2011

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Table-28. Amount Sanctioned under NEAC (Amount in `.) S. State/UT Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount No. sanctioned sanctioned sanctioned sanctioned sanctioned sanctiond sanctiond (2010-11) (2009-10) (2008-09) (2007-08) (2006-07 (2005-06) (2004-05)

1 Andhra Pradesh 6687600 5586000 4412000 3065000 3490500 3929000 3558500 2 Andaman & 162000 114000 83000 81000 103000 57000 38000 Nicobar Island 3 Arunachal Pradesh 164000 - 152000 300000 4 Assam 3708000 2681000 2660000 2250000 1982000 2550000 2022000 5 Bihar 6000000 4982000 3985000 3303000 3033000 4313000 2426000 6 Chhattisgarh 844000 619000 602000 734000 525000 741000 649000 7 Dadar &Nagar - - 12000 10000 10000 13000 Haveli 8 Daman & Diu 85000 55000 59000 42000 49000 30000 17000 9 Delhi 1560000 1171000 778000 595000 751000 808000 461000 10 Goa 7000 14000 30000 26000 36000 37000 16500 11 Gujarat 4485000 3254500 1939000 2174550 1927000 1919000 1276000 12 Haryana & 10035500 3313000 1799000 1255000 809500 1078000 1086000 Chandigarh 13 Himachal Pradesh 1735500 1251000 1200000 1256000 1026500 1130500 677000 14 Jammu & Kashmir 8376500 4470000 2811000 2638000 2534000 1041000 769000 15 Jharkhand 4456000 3322000 2473000 1768000 1616000 1425000 1041000 16 Karnataka 2784600 2320000 2135000 1078500 1539500 1652000 2001000 17 Kerala 2230000 1858000 1633000 1362000 1500000 1366000 614000 18 Lakshadweep 9000 19 Madhya Pradesh 6551000 6953000 5013000 4591000 4464000 4140000 3903000 20 Maharashtra 5307500 5260000 4730000 4021000 3871000 3939000 3504000 21 Manipur 2383000 2260500 2585000 2130000 1950000 2400000 2840000 22 Meghalaya 88000 23 Mizoram 2065000 515000 800000 430000 283000 24 Nagaland 1339000 606000 1063000 744000 501000 25 Orissa 8112000 7022000 4428000 3462000 3138000 2748500 3021400 26 Puducherry 571000 476000 550000 347000 264000 156000 150000 27 Punjab & 3536000 1755000 1415000 929000 805000 688000 602000 Chandigarh 28 Rajasthan 3044000 2201000 1742000 1956000 1152000 1517000 1321500 29 Sikkim 507000 398000 261000 771000 806000 563400 30 Tamil Nadu 6230300 5214000 4397000 3129000 3402500 2813000 3249000 31 Tripura 2148000 1666000 1776000 1119000 1097000 1262000 949000 32 Uttar Pradesh 10772000 8852000 6504000 5013000 5719000 5744000 4291000 33 Uttarakhand 624000 683000 565000 596000 379000 770000 349000 34 West Bengal 5881000 5046000 2942000 1739000 1576000 1766000 1280000

Total 112479500 83918000 71992593 52767050 50629500 50602400 42124900 Note: During 2003-04 to 2006-07 amount released under NEAC for Haryana & Chandigarh was combined. From 2007-08 onwards Chandigarh is clubbed with Punjab.

198 Annual Report 2010-2011

National Museum of Natural History Sikkim Science centre, East Sikkim, which is 12 kms from Gangtok and approachable from Introduction National Highway No.31, for the RMNH The National Museum of Natural History building. Possession of the allotted land has (NMNH), New Delhi, a subordinate already been taken and action is being taken organisation of the Ministry, was opened to for getting necessary administrative and public in 1978 with the main objective of financial approvals for the establishment of creating public awareness in preservation and this RMNH. conservation of environment and nature through the means of museum exhibitions , Progress of Activities undertaken educational programmes, outreach Educational Activities: NMNH along activities,etc. Since its inception, the NMNH with its Regional Museums of Natural History has been temporarily housed in the FICCI organises a number of in-house and outreach Museum premises at Bharakhamba Road in programmes for the benefit of school children, New Delhi. The Ministry has been taking active college students, teachers, challenged children steps in getting the land allotted by the Ministry and general public. Various national and of Urban Development to the NMNH for international days of scientific relevance like building its Headquarters in New Delhi. World Wetland Day, World Day for Water, 88 World forestry Day, International Ozone Day, Over the years, the Museum has extended conservation Day, Earth Day, Environment Day, its activities in different regions of the country World Heritage Day, International Bio-diversity, and has set up three Regional Museums of World No. Tobacco Day, Wildlife Week, World Natural History (RMNH), one each at Mysore Habitat Day and National Environmental (Karnataka); Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) and Awareness Campaign were observed and Bhubaneswar (Orissa).These museums have different programmes for school children and been established to depict flora, fauna, forests, challenged children were also organised. The wildlife and other environmental aspects of Museum organises different educational the regions. activities and competitions like Quiz, Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Declamation, On-the-spot Painting, Poster Natural History (RGRMNH) is being established Making, Slogan writing, Essay writing, Model at Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan) . Building making, Bird Watching and Tree-spotting for Construction work is under progress at the participating students on these occasions. RGRMNH Sawai Madhopur and will be Publication completed shortly. A temporary office has been set up to conduct educational and NMNH and its Regional Centres outreach activities in the region. published a number of publications in English, Hindi, Kannada and Oriya on the topics related Further, this Ministry has approved the to animals, plants, biodiversity and other setting up of the fifth Regional Museum of environment related issues. As part of the Natural History near Gangtok (Sikkim) to programmes related to the 2010 International extend the Museum’s activities to the North- Year of Biodiversity, the NMNH published a Eastern region which is a hotspot of Desk Calendar involving creative expressions biodiversity. Necessary budgetary provision has and perspectives on bio-diversity by children been included in this regard in the 11th Five of various nomadic communities such as year Plan. The Government of Sikkim has Bhopas, Maru banjaras, Kalbelyas, Bawariyas allotted six acres of land, adjacent to the and Gadiya lohars belonging to Rajasthan,

199 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. The programme Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chennai, was arranged by NMNH in collaboration with Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and West CHINH-India at Rajiv Gandhi Patashala, Bengal are on display in the museum. Bamanvas, Jaipur. The NMNH and its Regional A new gallery depicting Biodiversity of Museums also published posters and booklets North East region is ready for including the Summer Programme magazine, inauguration. on topics related to nature and environment. – RMNH, Bhopal-Scrap Book Exhibition – Exhibitions RMNH-Bhopal organized a temporary Scrap Book Exhibition in collaboration with – NMNH New Delhi – An exhibition on Dainik Bhasker Media Group/DB Botanical expedition of Colombia was Corp.Ltd. on July 13, 2010. 500 Scrap organised in collaboration with embassy Books were displayed in this exhibition. of Colombia .The exhibition was open 681 public visited that exhibition. The to public for one month from 22nd aim of the exhibition was to inform and September to 23rd October 2010. educate kids on environmental topics like An exhibition “ Biodiversity of Western global warming and water conservations. Region with special emphasis on Gujarat A Temporary Exhibition on House Sparrow: “was organised in Baroda University from A temporary exhibition inaugurated on 18th to 23rd December 2010. The House Sparrow on 20th March 2010 as exhibition highlighted the concern about a part of International Biodiversity Year sustainable development and global 2010 was kept open for public upto 28th concern on environmental Issues and March 2010. This simple exhibition drew Indian tradition of conservation. the public attention. – RMNH, Bhubaneswar – Exhibition on – RMNH, Mysore – A travelling exhibition Wheels:The exhibition on wheels on the on biodiversity of Western Ghat is being theme “ Forest Wealth” travelled to organised and ready for inauguration as different places like Nandankanan Zoo, a part of celebration of International year Nilagiri and Bahanaga of Balasore, Power of Biodiversity grid all Odisha science festival of Khorda Zilla Lok Utsav, Gopalpur, Anjali National Workshops/Conference/Seminars Children’s Festival, Demonstration – NMNH, New Delhi – A three day work Multipurpose school of Regional Institute shop for trainee teachers from B. EI. Ed of Education, and Bhagvatdev Vidya in the Department of Elementary Education Peetha, Jankia for the benefit of students, of Mata Sundri College for Women ( tourists, visitors and villagers. More than University of Delhi) on the theme “Using 98,389 visitors visited the mobile Museum Resource for Teaching exhibition van and gathered information Environmental Science was organized on forest wealth. from 11th to 13th August 2010. – Cartoons for climate exhibition: The – To commemorate National Education Day museum in association with British Council (11th November) an orientation work shop & CEE organized an exhibition titled for trainee teachers of early childhood “Cartoons for Climate” from 16th care & education at Khazani women’s February 2010. About 25 prize winning polytechnic Delhi was organised to enrich cartoons from Greece, Syria, Croatia, teachers in making of low cost science Thailand, France, Delhi, Gujarat, Andhra models.

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– RMNH, Mysore – National Seminar on Collaborative Programme “E.K. Janaki Ammal and her contribution – NMNH New Delhi: A three day workshop to Indian Science” Organized by in collaboration with CHINH INDIA TRUST National Museum of Natural History, New on “Growing up with Biodiversity” – A Delhi through Regional Museum of Media Literacy Project with children and Natural History, Mysore in collaboration young people was held from 26-28 July with Govt. Brennen College, Malabar 2010 The children of Delhi and NCR Botanical Garden & Kerala Shastra participated in the programme to Sahitya Parishad on 4th November 2010. celebrate International year of Biodiversity A painting competition was also with children. The films made by the organised in the memory of Dr. E.K. children were on the website of Chinh Jankai Ammal for the all age group of Web Channel www.chinh.in. children at her birth place Thalassery on 31st October 2010. – NMNH in collaboration with Hindustan Times organized annual Inter-school essay – RMNH, Bhopal – A workshop on Young writing competition. The winners of the Climate Savers (YCS) on August 17, competition were taken to Yamuna 2010 was organized in collaboration Biodiversity Park, Delhi for Nature Study 88 with W.W.F. in RMNH, Bhopal. There Tour. were 60 participants including teachers – RMNH Bhopal-organised the activities of and students from 20 YCS schools “Museum school “ in collaboration with participated in the workshop. NGO- Parvarish. – Seminar on Ecological Traditions of – RMNH Bhubneshwar- 13th Orrisa Vigyan Orissa – A one day seminar on Ecological congress –The Indian science congress Traditions of Orissa was organized on association (Bhubneshwar chapter), the 26th February 2010 in association with Orrisa environmental society and the CPR Environmental Education Centre, RMNH Bhubneshwar collaboratively Chennai. organise the 13th Orrisa Vigyan Meetings of the Advisory Committee Congress from 9th to 11th December 2010 – RMNH Bhubaneswar: The first sub on the focal theme of “ New Frontiers of committee meeting of the Advisory Life Science”. planning Committee of the RMNH Bhubaneswar was held on 9th August 2010 in the museum under the chairmanship of Prof. H.N. Das. The meeting discussed various developmental activities of the museum including review of progress of work of CPWD to be undertaken during the year on priority basis. – RMNH Bhopal: Under the chairmanship of Dr. Ram Prasad, the 18th Advisory Planning Committee meeting was arranged at the RMNH, Fig-76. Nature Study Tour for the Winners of NMNH-HT PACE Bhopal on 8th April, 2010. Essay Writing Competition at Yamuna Biodiversity Park

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– The museum in association with Centre observed on 05 June, 2010. The function for Environment and Development Human was organized at the Plenary Hall of Development Foundation ,Odisha Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Ex. President organized Odisha Environment congress of India Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam was the from 22nd Dec. to 24th December 2010 Chief Guest at the function. Ms Ishita with the focal theme “Water Resources of Vishnoi a student of class Xth New Delhi Odisha:Reflections for the 21st Century” from St. Thomas School Mandir marg New with the open session” Water for Future”. Delhi was decorated by the Ex.President The congress was inaugurated by Shri.Naveen Patnaik, Hon’ble chief as the Young Environmentalist of the year Minister of Odisha in the presence of shri. 2010.The function was great success. Debi Prasad Mishra, Hon’ble Minister, Higher Education, Culture and Tourism, Earth Day Shri. Rajendra Singh, Magssassay – On the occasion of Earth Day a National Awardee. Level “Written Quiz Contest” was – Capacity Building Programme for field conducted in NMNH New Delhi and its Officers and research fellows –RMNH in regional centres at Mysore, Bhopal, collaboration with NandanKanan Bhubaneshwar and Swai Madhopur on Zoological Park organised a capacity 22nd April 2010 for the students of class building programme on elephant IX & X to select the candidate for the management and tranquilization Young Environmentalist of the Year Award- technique. 2010". The theme of the contest was “Our – Bhubaneswar CMS vatavaran: The Rich Biodiversity”. Regional Museum of natural history is Van Mahotsava 2010 association with CMS Environment organized CMS Vatavaran Environment – NMNH, New Delhi - Van Mahotsava and Wildlife Film Festival and Forum 2010 2010- A special programme (“Importance from 30th November to 5th December 2010. During the festival besides selected film screening daily, painting competition, eco-tour, waste craft competition, creative expression competition, clay modelling competition and workshop for teachers on low carbon practices and a panel discussion on confronting climate change towards carbon neutral cities was organized during the festival

World Environment Day – World Environment Day and the 32nd Anniversary of the Fig-77. Former President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam giving Young NMNH Foundation Day were Environmentalist Award for the Year 2010

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– RMNH Mysore- Summer programme: Green teens organised for the class 8-10 students from 13th to 27th May 2010. Summer programme Green Cubs organised for the class 5-7 students from 13th to 27th May 2010.The participants of Green Teens were taken to nature camp Nagarahole National Park for study of nature and wild life. – RMNH Bhopal- RMNH, Bhopal organized a summer vacation Fig-78. Museum Gallery Interpretation for underprivileged programmes from 10th May to June students at NMNH, New Delhi 5th, 2010. Prof. Dr. Nisha Dubey, Vice of plants” in the network of Nature through Chancellor, Barkatullah University Bhopal the exhibits of photosynthesis, food chain, was the Chief Guest while Dr. D. P. Man & Nature, Two faces of forest, etc.) Sharma, Former Vice-Chancellor, 88 was organised for the under privilege Barkatullah University, Bhopal presided children of Salam Balak Trust (NGO) also th e valedictory function and gave away an out reach programme “make birds the prizes. and animal shape out of clay” for – RMNH Bhubaneswar- The Summer specially challenged children of Anchal Vacation Programme was held from 5th NDMC School for Mentally Retarded and May to 14th May 2010 for two groups Hearing Impaired Was organized. i.e. Green Teens (Std. VIII-X) & Green Cubs – RMNH, Bhubaneswar – Van Mahotsav (Std. V-VII). A total of 30 students with 15 celebration in the museum:The museum each participated in the programme. The celebrated Van Mahotsav on 7th July summer camp was organized for nine days through planting of sapling of 50 different with various in-house and outreach species in the campus. educational activities. Students were Summer Nature Study Programme exposed to the rich biodiversity of Orissa. – NMNH New Delhi- The summer vacation – RMNH Swai Madhopur-Summer vacation programme was organised from 15th programme Green Teens of class (8th May to 29th May 2010 for the student of -10th ) Green cubs of class (5th-7th) was class VII to X (green teens) and for the organised from 13th to 27th May 2010.The student of class Vth to VII (green cubs) in participants were taken to Ranthambore which 60 student from all over Delhi & National Park for study of nature and wild NCR participated. The programme life. included Lectures, Slide/CD presentation International Ozone Day on our rich biodiversity, working with microscope, nature photography contest, – NMNH New Delhi- A declamation contest art out of clay on potter’s wheel, was conducted for students of Delhi and preparation of nature magazine and NCR on 16th September 2010. The topic nature study tour to Botanical Garden of the contest was “Save the Ozone Layer: Noida etc. Ozone Friendly Planet, Our Target”.

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– RMNH Mysore-A painting compition and competition was organised in the scout a lecture was organised for the school ground in Sawai Madhopur for the student children in collaboration of Geetha Shishu of class. Shikshana . Geetha school, Mysore National Environment Awareness .Lecture on Ozone was delivered by Campaign (NEAC) Dr.H.N. Visvanathan, Professor, Department of Education,Sharda Vilas – NMNH New Delhi-NMNH New Delhi Teacher college, Mysore. organised a written quiz contest for the student of class IX & Xth on 19th – RMNH Bhubaneshwar- A two days November 2010. orientation programme for Teachers-in- charge of eco-clubs, Khurda district was A two day special programme of organized on 15th & 16th September “Orientation to the children to the concept 2010 in association with Centre for and issues of Environment and biodiversity Environmental Studies, Forest & through Museum resources and Nature Environment Deptt, Govt. of Orissa. Walk was organised on 28th & 3oth Presentation and discussions were held November 2010 for under privilege on the topics like Climate Change & children of Khushi Centre for Ecosystem, Green House Effect, Energy Rehabilitation and Research (NGO). Audit, Strengthening NGC programme, – RMNH Mysore-The RMNH Mysore Eco Club-School to village approach, Role organised various competitions like of Eco Club in awareness generation, Painting, Elocution and written quiz Medicinal Plant Conservation, competition for primary, Higher Primary Understanding Biodiversity, Collection, and High School students. Preservation & documentation for – RMNH Bhopal- RMNH Bhopal organised understanding biodiversity etc. About 100 written quiz competition on the theme teachers of eco-clubs schools of Khurda biodiversity for the student of class 9th district participated in the programme. and 10th on 19th November 2010 and Programme concludes with distribution of essay writing competition for the student certificates to the participants. of class 11th and 12th on 26th November Wildlife Week 2010 .The winners of the quiz competition – NMNH New Delhi- The best entries were and essay writing competition were taken invited from the student of Delhi and NCR to nature camp at Patchmarhi from 8 to th “Paint Nature and Wildlife” for students 10 December 2010. of class IIIrd to vIIIth and Design a Poster Regional Museum of Natural History for students of class IX to XII. The theme (RMNH), Bhopal organized a Poster of the contest was “Our Diverse Wildlife”. Design Contest for hearing impaired – RMNH Mysore- A painting Competition students on November. The theme of the was organised for the rural school students contest was ‘The State Animal and Bird from 6th to 9th October 2010.The of M.P.’. Ninety two hearing impaired selected prize winners were taken to students participated from four schools of Chamarazendra Zoological Garden Bhopal. Mysore as field visit to study wild animals Special programme for Specially in captivity. Challenged children – RMNH Swai Madhopur A painting – NMNH New Delhi-Essay writing in Braille,

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declamation contest for visually organised on for the primary and higher challenged student’s nature painting primary students. competition for hearing impaired Reserve collection enrichment in museum physically challenged and mentally challenged will be organised in the month – RMNH, Bhopal - The museum has of February. obtained the distinction of having largest – To commemorate “International Day for skeleton of a 47.3 ft dead baleen whale Disabled “ (3rd December) an outreach washed ashore on Gopalpur Beach, programme for specially challenged Berhampur on 29th June which was children were conducted at Handicapped processed for retrieval of its skeleton for Welfare Federation, and Institute for the display, education and research in the Blind New Delhi. museum. A dead specimen of Sarus Crane – RMNH Bhubaneswar- Conducted a (41/2 ft) was collected from Nandankanan special programme for visually Zoological Park on 9th April 2010. Dead challenged children was conducted on 4th specimen of Silver pheasant was collected September 2010 at Hellen Keller School from Nandankanan Zoological Park on for Blind, Berhampur. The museum has 12th April 2010. 88 organized special programme for hearing Film shows impaired on 6th August 2010 in the museum. The programme included – Regular film shows were arranged for exposure visit to the museum galleries visitors in National Museum of Natural and competitions like clay modelling, History, New Delhi and its Regional Centres sand art, craft and painting. About 80 at Mysore, Bhopal and Bhubaneswar to students from BBC school for the Deaf sensitize and create awareness among and Shree Harsha Mishra Memorial general visitors on issues of nature and School participated in the activities. environment. – RMNH Mysore-Quiz competition ,Singing Forestry Education, Training and competition, clay modelling competition Extension and painting competition will be The present system of forestry education and training is tailored to produce skilled forest managers to manage, protect and conserve the forests in consonance with National Forest Policy, 1988, forestry action programmes etc. The activities related to forestry education, training and extension are performed by the different institute of the Ministry like Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), Dehradun; Directorate of Forest Education (DFE), Dehradun; ICFRE, Dehradun; IIFM, Fig-79. Outreach Programme for Physically Challenged Children organized by NMNH, New Delhi Bhopal; IPIRTI, Bengaluru.

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Progress of activities undertaken by Affairs and Minority Affairs Shri Salman various institutes Khursheed presided over by Dr.P.J.Dilip Indira Gandhi National Forest Kumar, Director-General and Special Academy (IGNFA), Dehradun Secretary, MoEF. A new feature of this year was the award of ‘Hari Singh Fellows’ Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy to seven shortlisted probationers for is the training centre for IFS Officers. The pursuing specialization in wildlife. institution undertakes training of new recruits to the Indian Forest Service which is spread Coordination Training Programmes over a period of twenty months. Besides this, – During the year, IGNFA undertook three the institution also undertakes training of IFS coordination training programmes for the Officers at various years of seniority and also three All India Service Officers. The four of other Stakeholders. The Academy was a days’ training programmes for IAS, IPS part of FRI in Dehradun. This institution earlier and IFS Officers included one day field functioned as Indian Forest College from 1938- visit to Rajaji National Park. These training 1987. In 1987, when the Indian Council of programmes were conducted between Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) was July, 2010 to January, 2011 and were established as an autonomous institution, the well received. Indian Forest College was named as Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA) in New batch 2010-11 of IFS trainees recognition of the late Prime Minister to the – The intake to the Indian Forest Service forestry sector in the country. The IGNFA over the last 10 years had been ranging functions as an institution directly under control between 25-30. However, since the current of the Ministry. year the intake has increased and the new batch of IFS probationers of 2010- Activities during the year 12 course consists of 76 young officers. Mid Career Training Programme Teaching of Wildlife & Biodiversity – Started in the year 2009-10, the Academy Conservation this year has conducted three Phase-IV – Keeping in view the need for enhanced Mid-Career Training Programmes for inputs on wildlife conservation to IFS Indian Forest Service Officers of 16-18 probationers, the syllabus of Wildlife and years service, two programmes of Phase- Biodiversity subjects was revised and V for Officers of 26-28 years of service, training of IFS probationers with increased while one Phase-III programme for inputs on wildlife conservation started in Officers of seven to nine years of service this current year. A net increase of 72% would commence on 31st January, 2011 in the inputs on the wildlife management and one Phase-V programme would has been effected through revision of the commence in March, 2011. syllabus. The Convocation of 2008-10 batch Induction Training – The 2008-10 batch of Indian Forest – Induction training of forest officers Service Officers passed out in August, inducted into the Indian Forest Service by 2010. The Convocation Ceremony was promotion from State Forest Service was held on 8th August, 2010, in Convocation conducted in the month of September to Hall of FRI building. The Chief Guest for November in which 15 officers the function was the Minister for Corporate participated.

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Reunion of Old batches Training Institutes. There are three Academies – Two reunion workshops for the retired and One College under the Directorate and forest officers who underwent training in the names and intake capacity (Per batch) of this institute during 1960-62 and 1981 these academies and colleges are as under. were held in the Academy in April and – Central Academy for State 40 August, 2010. In these workshops, the Forest Service, Dehradun old retired officers interacted with the – Central Academy for State 40 young IFS probationers and shared their Forest Service, Coimbatore past experience and knowledge. – Central Academy for State 40 Training of members of Higher Judiciary Forest Service, Burnihat and Indian Revenue Service Officers – Eastern Forest Rangers 30 – A three day sensitization course members College, Kurseong of higher judiciary was held in the month of December, 2010 in which 23 members Objectives from various parts of the Country – To cater to the training needs of SFS participated. The training was well Officers and FROs of States/ Union 88 received. One four day orientation course Territories in the country. for Indian Revenue Service Officers is – To ensure standard and quality of training scheduled to be held in the month of being imparted to SFS Officers and FROs. March, 2011. – To develop appropriate and relevant Memorial Lectures training contents and evaluation standards – Kirti Chakra Late P. Sriniwas Memorial for forestry training at various levels. lecture was organized on 10th November, – To suggest training policy for effective 2010. Shri A.K. Singh, PCCF Jharkhand Human Resource Management and delivered the lecture. Sanjay Singh Development. Memorial lecture is scheduled in Feb. – To supplement the efforts of State 2011. Hari Singh Memorial Lecture was Governments in the training of Forest held on 11th December, 2010 which was Frontline Staff (Forest Guards, Foresters delivered by N.S.Adkoli, IFS(Retd.). and Deputy Rangers) Directorate of Forest Education (DFE), Activities undertaken/ achievements Dehradun during the year Introduction – Induction training in the form of “Two year Diploma Course” for the newly recruited The Directorate of Forest Education (DFE) State Forest Service (SFS) Officers of under the Ministry is responsible for imparting various States/Union Territories has been professional/technical training/education in the undertaken. Two batches, (Course 2009- Country to the State Forest Service (SFS) Officers 11) & one batch (Course 2010-12) of and Forest Range Officers (FROs). The newly recruited SFS Officers are Directorate also supplements the efforts of undergoing training at Central Academy Forest Training Institutes of various States for for State Forest Service (CASFOS), the training and capacity building of the Forest Dehradun & Coimbatore. Frontline Staff (Deputy Rangers, Foresters and Forest Guards) through the respective Forest – One batch, Course (2008-2010) of newly

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recruited SFS officers passed out from each of two weeks duration, were CASFOS, Dehradun. conducted for in-service Forest Frontline – Induction training in the form of “Eighteen Staff (Deputy Rangers, Foresters & Forest months certificate course” for the newly Guards) through 49 Forestry Training recruited FROs of various states/Union Institutions of 29 states. Territories has been undertaken. Two – One Theme based workshops of one week batches, (Course 2010-11) & one batch duration was conducted for in-service (course 2010-12), are undergoing FROs through State Forest Training training at CASFOS, Coimbatore & Institute. Burnihat. – Three weeks Orientation Course for ACFs – One batch of newly recruited FROs of Uttarakhand Forest Department (Course 2009-10) passed out from conducted at CASFOS, Dehradun. CASFOS, Burnihat. Training of IFS Officers – Five General Refresher courses, each of The thrust of this scheme is on capacity two week duration, were conducted for building of the Indian Forest Service Officers in-service SFS Officers at CASFOS, through organizing mid-career short-term Dehradun and Coimbatore. refresher courses. During the year, the Ministry – Two General Refresher courses, each of sponsored 28 one-week courses in the premier two week duration, were conducted for training/management institutions in the country in-service SFS Officers at CASFOS, on a wide range of disciplines including Coimbatore and Burnihat. management and administration of forests, wildlife, environment and general – Four Computer Application courses in administration in the government. The topics Forestry, each of two weeks duration, were include CAPS – Communication and conducted for in-service SFS Officers/ Presentation Skills, Ecotourism – Assessment FROs at CASFOS, Dehradun/Coimbatore/ and Development, Latest Concepts of Burnihat and Eastern Forest Rangers Formulation and Usage of the Management College (EFRC), Kurseong. Information System, various Applications and – Eight Workshops each of one week their Adaptations to the Forestry, Sharing of duration on Forestry prospective in Global Experiences in Wildlife Management in Assam, warming and climate change/ Soil Effective Leadership and Conflict Resolution, conservation and watershed Management Collection, Compilation, Validation and /Bio-diversity Conservation and Eco- Dissemination of Forest Statistics, Financial Tourism/Human Resource Management Management & Audit Sensitization, Ecotourism, Issues in Forestry/Wildlife Managmeent/ GIS: A Decision Tool for Forestry Planning & Training of Trainers/Policy & Legal Issues, Management, Good Governance, were conducted for in-service SFS Officers/ Enhancement of Livelihood Security through FROs at CASFOS, Dehradun/Coimbatore Community Participation, Illegal Trade in and EFRC, Kurseong. Wildlife and its Protection Strategies: – One theme based course in Forestry/ Intelligence Gathering, Anti-Poaching Wildlife management of two weeks Strategies and the Role of Wildlife Forensics duration for in-service FROs was in Dealing with Wildlife Crimes, Management conducted at EFRC, Kurseong. of Change in the Forestry and Wildlife Sector, Development of Afforestation/Reforestation – Seventy Nine General Refresher Courses, Clean Development Mechanism Project with

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Special Reference to Baseline Data Collection, aimed at improving training of frontline forestry Water Conservation and Rain Water force. This component will be in a project Harvesting, Forest Research Methodologies mode with financial support from JICA. The Conservation and Development of Medicinal total cost of the component is Rs.225.00 crore Plants and Benefit Sharing with Local for a period of five years. The loan component Communities, Forest Certification, Prevention, is of Rs.206.00 crores and the rest is Central Detection and Investigation of Wild Life Plan component. The Project will be initially Crimes, Forest Tribal Interface, Integrated implemented in nine States namely Assam, Approach for Sustainable Development of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Fragile Desert Ecosystem, Environmental Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Economics and Accounting, Micro and West Bengal. There are three buffer states Management in Forestry Sector, Bamboo namely Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Resource Development for Addressing Manipur. The states have been selected based Livelihood Concerns of Communities, on certain criteria, including non-existence of Ecotourism and Habitat Management, Train any external aided project in the forestry sector The Trainers (TTT), Micro-Credit and Micro- in the concerned state and paucity of training Enterprise Management in Forestry, Community infrastructure, during the project development Participation, Resource Augmentation & Value stage. 88 addition in NTFP Sector etc. Besides this, IFS officers will also be sponsored to pursue long- For implementing this component there term training courses in the areas of interest will be a Steering Committee and a Central offered by premier institutions of the country. Project Monitoring Unit (CPMU) in the Ministry and a State Project Monitoring Unit (SPMU), Besides this, six IFS officers have been one in each implementing State. The central sponsored to pursue long-term courses offered PMU would release/reimburse funds to by the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), implementing States for their Annual Plans of Bengaluru and Indian Institute of Public Operation. The CPMU would utilize funds for Administration (IIPA), New Delhi. activities such as Master trainings, consultancies During the year, the Ministry sponsored and monitoring, etc. The proposal has two 18 two-day workshops on emerging topics in major objectives: the field of forests, wildlife and environment – To strengthen infrastructure of the forestry conservation having regional, national and training schools of SFDs by: international importance. The training workshops/seminars are sponsored in the – Improving existing State Forest Training premier institutions/organizations depending Schools (SFTs) upon their expertise and strengths in a – Establishing new training schools in those particular field/discipline. States that do not have one. Participation in the training courses/ – To strengthen training of frontline forestry training workshops has been satisfactory. personnel through: The Budget allocation during 2010-11 – Syllabus revision of this scheme was `2.00 crore (Plan). – Building up a pool of Master Trainers/ Capacity Developmental Forest Trainers Management and Training of Personnel – Training of frontline forest force in the This is an externally aided component States

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Indian Institute of Forest Management belong to ST Category; seven belong to OBC (IIFM), Bhopal and rest two are admitted under PD quota. The Indian Institute of Forest Management The batch also consists of 25% female students (IIFM), Bhopal as a sectoral management and they all come from almost all the parts institute and an autonomous institute of the of the country. Following the general trend in Ministry imparts education and training in forest the management education, in this batch also management. The Institute offers two academic the engineers is the dominant group, consisting programmes. Post Graduate Programme in almost 50% of the total strength. This is Forestry Management (equivalent to Masters followed by the students of Science stream Degree) and Fellow Programme in (25%), Arts (8%), Commerce (6%), Veterinary Management. The Institute is also recognized graduates (4%) and Management graduates as Nodal Centre for Research by Forest (7%). The profile of the students reveals that Research Institute, Deemed University (FRI), they exhibit varied range of extra curricular Dehradun for Doctoral programmes. interest and talent. Post Graduate Diploma in Forest All the students of PGDFM being passed Management (PGDFM) out in March 2010 got placed through campus recruitment held during January 2010 The two year postgraduate programme registering an improvement over the last year’s leading to the award of the Post Graduate campus placement. The Institute received Diploma in Forestry Management (PGDFM) overwhelming response for the Summer was launched in July 1988. The students with Internship for the PGDFM 2009-11 batch. diverse academic backgrounds drawn from all over the country are groomed to meet the Fellow Programme in Management (FPM) managerial requirements of the corporate and The Institute launched its Doctoral level development sectors. The structure of the Fellow Programme in Management (FPM) programme has been designed to ensure that 2010-14. The Fellow Programme in the skills acquired are put in application during Management (FPM) offers financial assistance the course itself. The programme is designed and contingency grants to selected non- to produce young managers who are sensitive sponsored candidates. The programme is to both natural and social environment. open to postgraduates from various disciplines The admission to this course is through and is designed to provide specialized CAT (Common Admissions Test) being knowledge, skills, and attitudes for positions conducted by IIMs followed by Group requiring conceptual and visioning skills. The Discussion (GD) & Personal Interview (PI) at FPM programme aims to develop and equip IIFM. To address changing needs of the sector, students for career opportunities in the PGDFM programme was made broad management education and research. based by introducing three major Ph.D. Programme specialisations in Conservation and Livelihood Management (C&L), Environmental The Institute functions as one of the Management (EM) and Development research centers of the FRI Deemed University Management (DM). for higher studies leading to Doctor of Philosophy. The 22nd batch of the PGDFM course Training (PGDFM 2009-11) consists of 72 students. Among these 47 come under General The Institute has been organizing short- Category; 11 belong to SC category; five term training courses, seminars and workshops

210 Annual Report 2010-2011 to transfer technical and managerial skills and got 100% placement in Plywood and being generated by faculty areas of the institute. other Wood based industries. Twenty second The focus of these programmes is on evolving, Batch PGDC course was commenced on 8th analyzing and synthesizing various November, 2010 with 22 candidates. management techniques/tools, ideas and Training Courses conducted concepts relevant to the forestry and allied sector. – Training Course on “Testing of plywood and block board” was conducted at IPIRTI Consultancy Centre, Mohali during 5th - 9th April, The Institute completed three consultancy 2010. assignments and five more are in progress – Training course on “Resin manufacturing during the year 2010-11. course” was conducted at Field Station Publications Kolkata during 19th - 23rd April, 2010 and 26th - 28th April, 2010 The Institute continues to disseminate its research findings to the larger audience – A Special Training course on “Saw through publication of research papers in doctoring” was conducted at IPIRTI reputed journals, books etc. The faculty also Bangalore from 24th - 26th April, 2010 88 participated and presented research papers – Training Course on “Retention of in national and international conference. preservative chemicals” was conducted at Indian Plywood Industries Research Field Station Kolkata from 17th - 21st and Training Institute (IPIRTI), May, 2010 Bengaluru – One Special Training course, sponsored Training is an important tool to facilitate by MOEF, was conducted for senior IFS the industries for efficient utilization of man officers from various states of India. power resources, increase the productivity and – One training course was conducted for reduce the overall cost of production. HRD M.Sc. students in Wood Science & needs of the mechanical wood industries are Technology from Kannur University. met by the Institute by conducting one year post graduate diploma course and short term vocational courses. Training enhances the professional competency of managers, supervisory staff and industrial workers. IPIRTI is the only training institute of its kind in the cournty in the field of mechanical wood industries. Post Graduate Diploma Course in Wood and Panel Product Technology Twenty one Trainees of PGD Course (21st Batch) have Fig-80. Training course on “Veneer Manufacturing” was conducted for the successfully completed the course candidates by Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, Bengaluru

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– Five day Training Programme on Bamboo Moulded Skin Board for Door” on 23rd August based housing system for the Master 2010 through NRDC, New Delhi. trainers was conducted during 9th August Wildlife Education and Training to 13th August, 2010 at IPIRTI, Bangalore sponsored by Institute for Vocational Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Education and Training (IIVET), IGNOU, Wildlife education and training is Shillong, Meghalaya. primarily looked after by Wildlife Institute of – Three months training programme on India (WII), Dehradun; an autonomous institute “Plywood manufacturing technology” was of the Ministry for imparting training to conducted for 8 candidates during July – government and non-governmental personnel Sept, 2010 to carry out research and training activities and advice on matters of conservation and – A Special Training course on “Testing of management of wildlife resources. The details Plywood & Block Board” was conducted of educational and training programmes at IPIRTI Centre, Mohali during 5th – 9th conducted by the Institute are as follows: July, 2010 at IPIRTI, Centre at Mohali. – A Special Training course on “Particle Academic and Training board Quality Control” was conducted Courses and Training Programmes for 10 candidates sponsored by M/s. – XII M.Sc. (Wildlife Science) Course, A Hallmark Ltd., during 11-13th August, total of 11 candidates (nine Indians and 2010 at IPIRTI, Bangalore. two foreign nationals) joined the course. – Short Term Training Course on “Block Besides, classroom teaching of III board and Flush door manufacturing” was semester, the students were taken for the conducted for six candidates sponsored field visits, such as High Altitude Ecology by Industries during 13th to 16th December, and Techniques tour to Kedarnath Wildlife 2010. Sanctuary from 27th April, 2010 to 6th – Two training courses were conducted for May, 2010; Captive Breeding & Wildlife the candidates from Kenya and Nepal Utilization – tour for training workshop at Delhi & Agra during 27th-31st July, Extension 2010; and Wildlife Management & Long Span Bamboo Trusses for Industrial Conservation Practice tour to Southern Shed (Biomass Plant) India (Tamil Nadu & Kerala) tour from th th A bamboo shed of size 25’ X 45’ has 24 September, 2010 to 16 October, been constructed for Bio mass plant near Hosur 2010. The students have been allotted for M/s. Pointec Pvt. Ltd. Technology including the dissertation topics for their field work. design was provided by IPIRTI. IPIRTI-TRADA – XXXI Post-Graduate Diploma Course walling system has been used. For the first in Wildlife Management, 1st time, 25’ span bamboo trusses were designed September, 2009 to 31st May, 2010. The for this purpose. BWP grade plywood gussets Course commenced on 1st September, were used in trusses. 2009 for duration of nine months with a Patent total of 11 participating officer trainees A Patent (No. 242299) has been granted of the rank of DCFs/ACFs and equivalent by the Patent Office, Government of India to ranks from different States within India IPIRTI, Bangalore for an invention entitled “A and from abroad. A 2-month Modular Process for the manufacture of Bamboo Mat Training Course on ‘Integrated Wildlife

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Management Planning’ (1st April, to 31st Vietnam Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh May, 2010) was organized for lateral have joined the course. The officer trainees entrants. Management Planning exercise were taken to Chilla, Rajaji National Park tour was conducted at Kanha Tiger for their Orientation-cum-Techniques tour Reserve. The officer trainees were awarded from 22nd November, 2010 to 3rd the P.G. Diploma in Wildlife Management December, 2010. on their successful completion of the Meetings, Workshops, Seminars and course. Conferences – XXXII Advanced Post-Graduate –30th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Diploma Course in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, Goa, 24- Management, 1st September, 2010 to 30 April, 2010 was held at Panaji. It was 30th June, 2011. The 10-month Advanced for the first time that the symposium was Postgraduate Diploma Course held in South Asia region. Nearly 400 commenced on 1st September, 2010. This people from across the globe attended is the first Diploma Course with the the symposium and included more than increased duration of 10 months from the 100 talks and 250 poster presentations. earlier duration of nine months. A total The Wildlife Institute of India had a major 88 of 20 Officer Trainees of Assistant presence at the symposium and a stall Conservator of Forests/Deputy was put up where the Institute’s two Conservator of Forests & equivalent, decades of sea turtle research were including 19 from India and one from displayed. During the course of the Nepal joined the course. This is the first symposium five oral and three poster Diploma Course when seven IFS presentations on WII’s sea turtle research Probationers gave joined directly after activities dealing with different aspects completing their training at the Indira were made. Gandhi National Forest Academy, Dehradun as ‘Hari Singh Fellows’. – Second Meeting of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility After the inaugural session, the officer (GBIF) India Nodes, Dehradun, 3 rd trainees were taken to a bird-watching May, 2010 was held in the Institute. trip around the WII Campus followed by Thirteen participants from seven a visit to the Rajaji National Park. The organisations participated in the meeting. orientation tour took place during The Chairman informed that MoEF has September 25-30, 2010 at Chilla in the designated five nodes for dealing with all Rajaji National Park. It familiarized the matters relating to development of officer trainees to the Shiwalik landscape bioinformatics in India. and issues related to corridor management, people-park interface, – GBIF Workshop on Biodiversity Data ‘Gujjar’ relocation and mass tourism. Discovery and Publishing, Dehradun, May 4-7, 2010. Global Biodiversity – XXVI Certificate Course in Wildlife Information Facility (GBIF) was established Management, 1st November, 2010 to 31st March 2001, as an open ended January, 2011. The XXVI Certificate Course international coordinating body to in Wildlife Management commenced on promote compilation, linking, 1st November, 2010 for three-month standardization and dissemination of duration. A total of 15 Indian and four world’s biodiversity data in form of foreign nationals, i.e. one each from distributed open access system, within an

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appropriate framework for property rights priorities and targets; (ii) Requirements/ and due attribution. Wildlife Institute of opportunities for the implementation of India has been designated as the the Regional Action Plan; (iii) Mechanisms Coordinating Agency for GBIF activities to improve the regional coordination, in India. The workshop is the first of the communication, collaboration, and series workshops to be held in participation; (iv) Suggestions on how to collaboration with GBIF. Thirty two streamline the structure and functioning participants from 10 different national and of the Nodes Committee; (v) international institutions participated in the Recommendations on how to advance the workshop. The workshop focused on the implementation and uptake of the GBIF following : (i) Developing institutional data Work Programme within each region; (vi) recovery and mobilization strategy; (ii) Regional, national, or thematic priorities Digitisation of primary biodiversity data; for the 2011 Work Programme; and (vii) (iii) Biodiversity Data Standards and Regional, national, or thematic priorities Protocols; (iv) Introduction to GBIF-IPT; for the 2012-2017 Strategic Plans. (v) IPT and publishing of biodiversity data; – Consultative Meeting for Nanda Devi (vi) IPT requirements and base – Askot Landscape Biodiversity technologies; (vii) IPT customisation, Conservation and Livelihood Security expansion and internationalization; (viii) for Local Community, Dehradun, 2nd IPT demonstration; (ix) Introduction to June, 2010. The meeting was jointly Darwin Core; and (x) Addressing social, organized by Wildlife Institute of India political and intellectual property barriers and Kalpavriksh using WII’s Grant-in-aid inhibiting data recovery and mobilization funds. The objectives of the Consultative followed by hands on practical session. Meeting were to: (i) understand the – GBIF-Asian Nodes Regional Meeting conservation importance of Nandadevi- and Biodiversity Informatics Askot Landscape; (ii) discuss the issues Workshop, Dehradun, 28-30 June, concerning conservation of natural 2010. The Global Biodiversity Information resources and livelihood security of the Facility Secretariat (GBIFs) in collaboration local people in the region; and (iii) decide with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) on various steps required for development organized the Regional Meeting and of an integrated strategy for long-term Biodiversity Informatics Workshop. The conservation of this landscape by involving meeting was chaired by Mr. Pando different stakeholders and communities Francisco (GBIF NODES Chair). and through their better coordination. Representatives from University of Tokyo The participants discussed major issues (Japan), Korea Institute of Science and concerning the long-term conservation of Technology Information (South Korea), this landscape and evolved the future Wildlife Institute of India (India), Asian strategy of this initiative. Centre for Biodiversity (Phillippines), Biodiversity Research Centre (Chinese – VI-Internal Annual Research Seminar Taipei), ICIMOD (Nepal) and BioNet- (IARS), 13-14 September, 2010 and XXIV EASIANET (Mongolia) participated in the Annual Research Seminar (ARS) of meeting. The GBIF secretariat was WII, Dehradun, 15-16 September, 2010. represented by Mr. Juan Dello and Dr. During the IARS, a total of 22 presentations Vishwas Chavan. The participants were made in five sessions. The discussed the following: (i) Regional presentations were based on recently

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initiated and ongoing research studies and 8-13 November, 2010. Thirteen scientists were made by research fellows and faculty and technologists working in the members of the Institute. The presentations Government departments, institutions and were evaluated by a panel of judges. Five universities participated in this workshop. presentations were adjudged as the ‘five The science involved in biodiversity best presentations’. conservation and management has – During the XXIV Annual Research Seminar developed manifold in recent years. One of the Institute the following publications of the reasons for it, the rapid were released in the inaugural session of transformation of this field is due to the the ARS: (i) ENVIS Bulletin on Freshwater influence of technology. It is important Turtles and Tortoises of India; (ii) Power that scientists involved in biodiversity Fence Manual; and (iii) Amphibians and conservation in the country are exposed Reptiles of Uttarakhand. A total of 23 to these innovative applications and presentations were made in six technical societal needs and update themselves of sessions. The presentations were based the recent advances in the field. This course on the ongoing research studies and were has the following objectives: (i) to make made by research fellows and faculty fully aware scientists on principles/ 88 members of the Institute. About 300 approaches in Biodiversity Conservation; delegates/participants attended the ARS. (ii) to make them scientists aware of causes A photography competition was also held of decline in natural resources/habitats during the ARS and the winners were and species; (iii) to make them aware of awarded with book prizes. good practices in Biodiversity – One-week Compulsory Training Conservation; (iv) to establish linkages Course for the Indian Forest Service and facilitate sharing of information Officers on “Illegal trade in Wildlife among scientists; (v) to reiterate their role and its Protection: Intelligence in creating of baseline information and Gathering, Anti-Poaching Strategies database management. The one week and Role of Wildlife Forensics in course was packed with 21 different lecture Dealing with Wildlife Crime”, inputs and field visits covering various Dehradun, 11-15 October, 2010. The thematic areas. training course has been designed to Other Activities achieve the objective of curbing illegal trade in Wildlife through innovative Celebration of World Environment Day conservation strategies. The course June 5, 2010, like every year, the World organized by the Institute and is was Environment Day was celebrated by the sponsored by the Ministry of Environment Institute. It was an occasion to create & Forests. A total of 23 participants awareness in younger generation. The theme attended the said training programme. for the World Environment Day 2010 was Besides, lectures on relevant topics, case “Many Species, One Planet, One future.” It studies, panel discussion, a day’s field echoes the urgent call to conserve the diversity visit to Rajaji National Park was also the of life on our planet. Various activities were part of the training. organized for school children by the Institute – National Level Training Programme on this day. More than eighty children for Scientists and Technologists in participated in these activities. A workshop Biodiversity Conservation, Dehradun, was also organized for the families of the

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Institute’s faculty members in the afternoon The following activities were organized session at the Institute. by the Institute during the Wildlife Week: (i) Drawing competition was organized on 4th Wildlife Week celebration October, 2010 in which 80 students from five schools participated, (ii) A talk was delivered The Wildlife Week was celebrated at the on ‘Health Ecosystem, Healthy World’ where Institute during 2-8 October, 2010. The main more than 100 students and teachers were aim of the Wildlife Week was to make the present, (iii) nature trail visit, followed by a younger generation aware about the quiz competition at the Porta Cabin for the importance of wildlife for the entire world. It students, (iv) an Environment and Wildlife Quiz was aimed to motivate them to know how was also organized by the Institute in they can help in protecting the animals and collaboration with the Friends of Doon, birds. Dehradun for the school children of Dehradun.

216 CHAPTER-9

CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE Ministry of Environment & Forests

Centres of Excellence supported by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, in Enhancement of people’s awareness recognition of the importance of environmental about environment requires capacity building education in India’s overall environment and at institutional and individual level for development strategy. CEE is a national providing adequate support to the efforts in institution engaged in developing programmes the fields of environment education, research and material to increase awareness and and training. To serve this end, the Ministry concern, leading to action, regarding the launched the scheme ‘Centres of Excellence’ environment and sustainable development. It in 1983 to promote institutions in priority areas has inherited the rich multidisciplinary resource of Environmental Sciences and Management. base and varied experience of Nehru Ten Centres of Excellence have so far Foundation for Development (NFD), its parent been set in different areas as listed below: organization, which has been promoting educational efforts since 1966 in the areas of (i) Centre for Environment Education (CEE), science, nature study, health, development and Ahmedabad environment. (ii) CPR Environmental Education Centre (CPREEC), Chennai Paryavaran Mitra Programme (iii) Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES), Paryavaran Mitra, one of the largest Indian Institute of Science (IISc), sustainability and climate change education Bengaluru programme in the world, was launched in CEE, on 24th July, 2010. (iv) Centre of Mining Environment (CME), Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad Paryavaran Mitra is a programme for students that envisions creating Paryavaran (v) Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Mitra (Friends of the Environment) in schools Natural History (SACON), Coimbatore across India. The goal of the programme is (vi) Centre for Environment Management of to create a network of young people across Degraded Ecosystem (CEMDE), University the nation who have the knowledge, awareness of Delhi, Delhi and commitment to meet the challenges of (vii) Madras School of Economics (MSE), global citizenship and Climate Change. Chennai The Paryavaran Mitra programme aims (viii) Foundation for Revitalization of Local to guide, facilitate, capacity build students Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bengaluru through curriculum-linked activities and co- (ix) The Tropical Botanic Garden and curricular action projects to take positive Research Institute (TBGRI), environmental action at individual, community, Thiruvananthapuram national and global level. (x) Centre for Animals and Environment, The first phase of the programme is for CARTMAN, Bengaluru. a period of three years from 2010-2013, during which the aim is to reach students in Centre for Environment Education (CEE), classes from standards 6 – 9 (age group 11- Ahmedabad 15 years). 2,00,000 schools and two crore Centre for Environment Education (CEE) school students across the country will be was established in 1984 as a Centre of reached in this phase. These students will be Excellence in Environmental Education, from schools in every state and every district

218 Annual Report 2010-2011 of India. It is envisaged that the programme for standardizing trainings in NGC is built on a variety of networks and programme. partnerships. The goal is to create Paryavaran Mitra in all schools in India. Biodiversity Conservation Paryavaran Mitra represents Hand print CEE with the support from the Ministry action. Hand print is a measure of ESD action; has initiated a two-year project on Ganges action that is directed to decrease the human River Dolphin Conservation Education footprint and make the world more Programme in the north and north eastern sustainable. region of India, where 20 locations are being identified. An educational package for various CEE Central launched Paryavaran Mitra target groups is being developed. project in the region in presence of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam with participation from Madhya CEE initiated a People’s Biodiversity Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Goa. Registration process at thirty villages in the An Environment Exhibition focussed on Guru Ghasidas National Park, and seven Biodiversity in the Sahyadri was also launched villages in Bastar and Rajnandgaon districts by Dr. Kalam. of Chhattisgarh in 2010. 99 The Paryavaran Mitra Programme is an Public Consultations initiative of CEE in partnership with the Ministry CEE helped to facilitate consultations on of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and is Bt brinjal on behalf of the Ministry. Six supported by ArcelorMittal. consultations were organized in different parts National Green Corps (NGC) of the country. The Minister, Mr Jairam Ramesh, chaired all the consultations and listened to CEE implements NGC programme in 15 opinions and concerns of various stakeholder states and two Union Territories as resource groups, including farmers, scientists, agriculture agency. CEE took up an initiative to develop experts, farmer organizations, consumer a road map based on reflections of a decade groups, NGOs, government officials, lawyers, of implementation and work out the way doctors, nutrition experts, ayurveda experts, forward. and concerned citizens. CEE facilitated a national conference of CEE conducted a series of seven Public Nodal agencies and Resource agencies on 13th -14th July at Bengaluru. A case study Consultations on the National Mission for a book compiling 100 handprint actions by CEE Green India (Green India Mission or GIM). for MoEF was released in the conference. Organized on behalf of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, these consultations were A publication containing 100 case studies aimed at gathering comments and feedback of the work of various National Green Corps from the general public, civil society groups, (NGC) Eco-clubs was compiled by CEE South researchers, activists, institutions, and other and released on 13 July, 2010 stakeholders on the Ministry’s draft version of commemorating the decade of green action the Mission document. CEE prepared and by the young for a sustainable future. These distributed 11 language versions of the draft case studies give a glimpse of the diverse mission document. The GIM is one of the actions of eco- clubs, across a wide range of eight Missions under the National Action Plan geographical situations, climates and cultures. on Climate Change announced by the Prime CEE also developed master trainers manual Minister

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CEE Goa facilitated public consultations – Capture the spirit of the events related to to discuss the Coastal Regulatory Zone Draft EC +10 and to use the ideas to discuss Notification and Final Frontier released by the and launch the vision for the EC for the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests. next decade (2011-2020) The Conference looked at the effective Popularizing Low carbon lifestyles translation of the Earth Charter from principles Creating Green Citizens: Promotion of to practice. Specifically the Conference sought Low Carbon Practices at the XIX to review and strengthen ways by which these Commonwealth Games 2010. CEE and its principles and values can find resonance in NGO and SGP partners for the GEF UNDP different areas of life and work across different SGP Project for sensitizing people on ‘low sectors from international organizations and carbon practices’ and planting saplings. CEE business enterprises to formal education. Seven developed a Low Carbon Lifestyles Toolkit plenary Sessions set the tone and pace for more focused the discussions and interactions which is really a barometer on our attitudes in 10 workshop themes. and practices, and focuses on the efficient use of electricity, transportation, LPG, water, C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre organic waste and paper. The purpose of (CPREEC) toolkit is to spread awareness and sensitivity Introduction among people regarding adopting low carbon To create awareness among various practices for a sustainable lifestyle. stakeholders about current environmental issues and our responsibilities towards the International Conference preservation of our environment. The The International Conference “Ethical programmes are conducted in the states of Framework for a Sustainable World” was held Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, at the Centre for Environment Education (CEE) Orissa, Maharashtra and Tamilnadu and the campus in Ahmedabad from 1st to 3rd Union Territories of Andaman and Nicobar November, 2010. The Conference was held Islands and Puducherry. in partnership with the Earth Charter Progress /achievements made during the International. The Ministry of Human Resource year Development, Government of India was a co host at the Conference. Green Schools of India CPREEC’s Green Schools of India (GSI) The Ministry, United Nations Educational, was launched in 2007 in Chennai, Bengaluru, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Hyderabad, Ooty, Mysore and Puducherry, and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was expanded to include more schools this were partners in the Conference. year. This scheme involves students from urban The objectives of the Conference were: schools in five areas of environmental management: reducing energy and water – Strengthen efforts at making ESD central consumption, waste management, greening to education practice and training the campus and animal welfare. This – Clarify the role the EC can play in programme has been developed in converting education awareness and education to action. Annual – Share experiences on the use of EC in Green School Awards were given to the best education performing schools in all the places where the GSI is being carried out. NGC schools – Strengthen partnerships with the EC participated in the GSI campaign.

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Biodiversity Conservation Education Kotagiri and at the entry point to Doddabetta The species approach to biodiversity in the Nilgiris. conservation has been very popular with Exhibitions teachers and students in Andhra Pradesh, Three exhibitions were designed and Karnataka and Tamilnadu. The focus was on launched this year. They were: Mangroves, Tropical Forests, Coastal Eco Systems and Wetlands. The participants visited – Wetlands reserved forests and planned campaigns about – Eco Friendly Architecture the importance of biodiversity conservation. – Biodiversity Conservation (NEAC Theme) Sacred Groves A pamphlet on each topic was distributed CPREEC has been conserving and restoring free to all visitors. Competitions were sacred groves since 1993-94. Eight groves conducted to assess the student’s were taken up for restoration and maintenance comprehension. this year. Sacred groves are the hub for village meetings and school visits that are devoted to Generation and Production of Resource proactive conservation plans. All activities are Materials 99 implemented with the participation of local CPREEC’s publications are regularly villagers. Saplings are distributed to local updated and reprinted. Apart from reprints, a students. Orientation programmes for school booklet on A to Z Cruelty to Animals (English), students were organized at the sacred grove earlier booklets on Wetland Conservation site to motivate them towards sacred grove (Tamil), Pollution and Health in Oriya, conservation. Till date, CPREEC has restored Biodiversity in English and Tamil and book on 51 sacred groves, with another 22 taken up Biodiversity were printed. The proceedings of by local villagers. the Seminar on Ecological Traditions and Sacred Sites of Punjab were brought out. Women and the Environment CPREEC trained women of 30 villages in Appropriate resource materials produced waste management, vermicomposting, organic by CPREEC were distributed to the participants gardening, health and nutrition. Saplings and of the various training programmes organised seeds were distributed to the participants and in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, seed banks of local varieties were established Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, by the women self help groups. CPREEC also Tamilnadu and the Union Territories of surveyed the growth rate of saplings distributed Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. to them over the years. Over 85% have Research and Surveys survived. CPREEC carried out a Survey on Water Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Conservation Usage Pattern in Alwarpet, Chennai and Education analysed 50 water samples for its potability. The importance of the Nilgiris Biosphere CPREEC collected and analysed 150 water Reserve was conveyed to the Eco Development samples along the east coast to compare the Committee Members, Village Forest level of intrusion. Water was collected from Committees and Panchayats in the districts of 50 localities along the Karaikal coast to study Nilgiris, Coimbatore and Erode in Tamilnadu. and compare the previous data on salt water The annual Anti Plastic Campaign of CPREEC intrusion. At Cuddalore ambient air and noise was organized at Sim’s Park in Coonoor, level surveys were carried out. The water quality

221 Ministry of Environment & Forests of Tiruchirapalli, ambient air quality and noise celebrations, CPREEC organized level was carried out. All the above were WALKATHON in collaboration with Radio carried out in response to requests made by City 91.1 FM Channel at Marina Beach. Shri. local communities. S. Ve. Shekhar, film actor and MLA, Mylapore National Green Corps (NGC) Constituency, flagged off the Walkathon. Several school students and general public CPREEC is the Regional Resource Agency participated, carrying placards with (RRA) for NGC in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, Orissa, Tamilnadu environmental messages. and Union Territories of Andaman & Nicobar C. P. R. Environmental Education Centre’s Islands and Puducherry. Workshops were Award for Environmental Education organised for NGC teacher-coordinators at District level in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, Chairman, Karnataka, Orissa, Tamilnadu and Union CPREEC, gave away the annual C. P. R. Territory of Puducherry. NGC schools Environmental Education Centre Award for participated in the GSI campaign. Environmental Education - 2010 to Shri. Biomedical Waste Management Bency Joy, a teacher from Port Blair in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, in recognition CPREEC conducted a series of workshops on Biomedical Waste Management for Medical of his contribution to environmental Officers in the states of Andhra Pradesh, conservation through education. Orissa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu. The GLOBE workshops were executed in collaboration with the State Pollution Control Boards and the CPREEC organized workshop for teachers Indian Medical Association. The workshops of Chennai schools and a refresher course for were sponsored by the Ministry. the teachers of Puducherry in collaboration International Biodiversity Day with the State Training Centre, Puducherry. The Celebrations – 22nd May, 2010 GPS readings of the schools in Chennai and CPREEC’s state office at Andhra Pradesh Puducherry have been recorded and organized a programme for farmers at Medak communicated to the GLOBE Country District stressing the importance of conserving Coordinator for GLOBE unique IDs and native species. The programme in Karnataka passwords. was organized for teacher trainees at Maddur COP-10, NAGOYA, JAPAN Taluk in Mandya District followed by a field visit to the Kokkre Bellur bird Sanctuary. Field CPREEC designed, developed and Office at Ooty organized a programme for supplied promotional / exhibition materials farmers of Vazhathottam in Nilgiris. The Field showcasing India’s rich biodiversity for Office at Port Blair in the Andaman & Nicobar Convention of Parties (COP-10) held at Islands organized a programme at GB Pant Nagoya, Japan on behalf of National Hospital for the benefit of nursing trainees. A Biodiversity Authority, Ministry of Environment signature campaign on this day was a special attraction. and Forests, Government of India. CPREEC’s book on Biodiversity, fliers on Ecological World Environment Day Celebrations – Heritage of India, Biodiversity Act and Rules th 5 June, 2010 and Biodiversity Management were also As part of World Environment Day prepared for COP-10.

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National Environment Awareness Mudumalai indicates that drought enhances Campaign (NEAC) tree mortality with a time lag of one to three A pamphlet and stickers on Biodiversity years, but that tropical dry forests have better Conservation were distributed to NGOs and adaptive capacity compared to tropical moist educational institutions implementing NEAC forest and temperate forests. Rainfall and fire in select districts in Tamilnadu, Andaman & both play significant roles in the spread of Nicobar Islands and Puducherry. Lantana an invasive plant. Initial findings from behavioural experiments show that both Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES), butterflies and thrips play important roles in Indian Institute of Science (IISc), lantana pollination and may aid its spread. Bengaluru Community ecology and biogeography of Introduction and Objective select vertebrate taxa in the Western The Ministry recognized the Center of Ghats Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, The centre initiated field survey to create Bangalore as a Center of Excellence in the a distribution database on frogs, lizards and year 1983. The CES IISc conducts research snakes. Work has also been initiated on the with practical application in conservation and 99 community ecology of birds, on mixed species sustainable development of natural areas of foraging flocks, and on distribution of Western Ghats and organizes extension and vertebrates. training programmes, particularly for field managers. Coastal and marine biology and its conservation Activities undertaken so far Five of the seven species of marine turtles The Centre for Ecological Sciences carried are found in Indian coastal waters and at out 28 research projects in the fields of ecology least four have significant nesting beaches and of tropical forests, climate change, community /or feeding area. The Centre is continuing ecology, behavioural ecology and evolutionary molecular genetics, and studying other aspects biology. The centre also contributed to several initiatives of the MoEF including the Expert such as multiple paternity. The Centre has Panel; on Climate Change and wildlife recently attached satellite transmitters to three conservation programmes such as the National leatherback turtles. Tiger Conservation Authority and the Behavioural ecology of large mammals Committee on Rationalization of Boundaries of National Parks and Sanctuaries. The ecological basis of space use, foraging and social behaviour is being studied Progress / achievements during the year in a typical grassland landscape. Work on Tropical forests and climate change Asian elephant behaviour and ecology also Tropical forest structure, dynamics and the continued with new research on reproductive influence of climate change factors involves behaviour and ecology of the species in long-term monitoring of permanent plots in Kaziranga National Park with special emphasis tropical forest of Western Ghats, mainly the on female choice of tusked versus tuskless Nilgiris and Uttara Kannada districts. Natural males. vegetation, plantations and soils have been Molecular ecology known as major carbon sinks. Analyses of a 10 year data set from a 50 hectare plot in The phylogeny retrieved four distinct

223 Ministry of Environment & Forests claded among Poecilotheria that arose due Implementing organizations to a marine transgression event which Centre is functioning under the separated Sri Lanka from peninsular India for administrative control of Indian Institute of the first time in the Early Miocene. In addition, Science, Bangalore. DIVA analysis suggested two dispersal events from Sri Lanka into India during the Miocene- Centre for Mining Environment (CME), Pliocene and the Pleistocene times respectively. Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad Social Behaviour of insects The Ministry set up CME as a Centre of Excellence in Mining Environment in 1987 in We studied the mating behaviour of the the Indian School of Mines University, primitive social wasp Ropalidia marginata and Dhanbad. Since inception, the Centre has been the factors that may influence sperm transfer. carring out Academic and Advance Research The effect of nestmateship and body size on Activities in Environmental Science and mate selection through a choice based assay Engineering with special emphasis on Mining in a primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia Environment. marginata was also investigated. Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Chemical Ecology of Species Interactions Natural History (SACON), Coimbatore : plants, Insects and other Invertebrates Objectives The interactions between figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their associated fig wasps The Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea : Agaonidae) and Natural History (SACON) was established have been a subject of much interest to in 1990. The major objective of the Centre evolutionary biology as being a model system is to “design and conduct research in for studying co-evolution. The Centre have ornithology covering all aspects of biodiversity extended it studies on Ficus racemosa in India and Natural History, develop and conduct to parasitic oraganisms living within the fig regular courses in ornithology and natural syconium and one such form was on history, create a data bank on Indian nematodes. ornithology and nature history, and disseminate knowledge relating toe ornithology and natural Visual Ecology of Species Interaction history for the benefit of the community.” Community-wise floral colour patterns in Progress / Achievements made during a seasonal cloud forest in the Bhimashankar the year Wildlife Sanctuary in Maharashtra in relation to their pollinators was explored color patterns – In the year 2010-11 the Centre has correspond well with the identity of pollinator undertaken 26 programmes that include Floral resources available for nocturnal versus studies, consultancy works, environmental diurnal pollinators in the same site and also impact assessments and activities related the floral resources that are actually utilized to nature education. were determined. In addition, the Centre – During the year, SACON continued the organized several major symposia and work on single species and ecosystems. workshops during the year. The study on Spot-billed Pelican was Budget Allocation continued at Uppalapadu in Andhra Pradesh, where a large breeding colony `125 Lakhs, likely to be spent by end of of the species is present. The program to financial year. conserve the Edible-best Swiftlet in the

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high mammalian biomass areas in the country. – SACON, in Collaboration with NRSC, Hyderabad, has undertaken a change detection study of the Land use land cover in the Yamuna river basin that will help comparing the past and present status and to predict the future scenario in the basin. – The Centre has continued the study on insect and bird pollinators, and Fig-81. Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus) at Keoladeo National Park avian seed dispersers in various forest types in Tamil 99 Andaman & Nicobar Islands, in 99 Nadu. Honeybees, butterflies and sunbirds collaboration with the Andaman & are the major pollinators in most of the Nicobar Forest department since 1999, forest types, while bulbuls, barbets, crows, has shown increase in population of the Nilgiri Laughing Thrush from principal species at the focal sites. SACON has avian seed dispersers. continued pursuing ecological investigations of the island ecosystems. – As part of Centre’s ongoing ecotoxicological investigations and The study to monitor post-tsunami coastal residue analysis two projects were ecosystem in the Nicobar islands reports undertaken. (i) Impact of agricultural notable plant regeneration in affected pesticides on the population status and areas. Although, species such as Robber breeding success of select species of fish- crabs have become less abundant, eating birds in Tamil Nadu. It was found recovery of other species is apparent. that residue levels of pesticides are less – Lion tailed Macaque is an endemic and than levels considered lethal. endangered species. SACON has taken Nevertheless, this has to be viewed with a study of the species on one of its largest concern, as these pesticides are capable known populations of the species in the of causing several abnormalities. (ii) to forests of Sirsi-Honnavara, a reserve forest monitor and compare pesticide residues with high human density and a mosaic of in agro ecosystem of a village practicing various plantations and agriculture, in organic and chemical farming shows Karnataka. BRT Wildlife Sanctuary, higher organochlorine pesticides residues considered as a live bridge between the in the samples collected from chemical Western and Eastern Ghats, is part of the farming than the organic farming. larger forest complexes of the region – During the year 2009-10 SACON has considered for the conservation of Asian undertaken a rapid environmental impact elephant and tiger. A study on the assessment of the proposed India Based mammalian species of BRT Wildlife Neutrino Observatory (INO) at Bodi Hills, Sanctuary reveals that it is one of the Theni district, Tamil Nadu.

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– The Annual Research Seminar of SACON was held on 13th December, 2010 followed by the 22nd meeting of the Research, Monitoring and Advisory Committee of SACON on 14th December, 2010. The 61st Governing Council Meeting was held on 18th November, 2010 forenoon and the 20th Annual General Meeting was held on the same day afternoon at the MoEF, New Delhi. – SACON has remained very active during this year in terms of publications, participation in seminars / symposia and workshops. More than 20 articles in national peer reviewed journals, about 25 in international reviewed journals, three chapters in books, seven technical reports and 20 papers in conferences/ seminar/ proceedings edited volumes are among

Fig-82. Blue Whistling-thrush (Myophonus caeruleus), our contribution for the year. generally found in hill forests Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE), – SACON has undertaken nature education University of Delhi, Delhi activities intensively. The Centre could reach out to several schools and the public – The Centre of Excellence Programme of MoEF at the Centre for Environmental with the message of conservation. SACON Management of Degraded Ecosystems have continued the work of organizing (CEMDE), University of Delhi, has been the Department of Biotechnology’s actively involved in (i) development of Natural resources Awareness Clubs for ecological restoration technologies for School Children (The DNA Clubs) in the ecosystem redevelopment in degraded Andaman & Nicobar Islands and several landscapes including mined out, other programmes including one desertified and degraded forest lands and residential programme with students as a (ii) in the management of invasive weeds target group in the islands to spread that led to loss of biodiversity in forest awareness on natural resource ecosystems. The scientists have developed conservation. site specific restoration technologies which have been successfully implemented for – SACON is pursuing, in earnest, the restoration of limestone mined out development of human resources in areas, Iron ore mined out areas, morrum conservation and biodiversity studies. As mined out areas and degraded Aravalli of now 20 PhD projects are in progress hills to the original forest ecosystems, and in the Centre. Several short term projects these technologies are used by the and summer training programmes for PG stakeholders today. The restoration students of various institutions are also in technologies involve appropriate progress. assemblage of plant species and their

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Corbett Tiger Reserve alone, Lantana was eradicated from 1700 hectares and restored weed free landscapes to the grasslands which are now used by herbivores, and the frequency of Tiger sighting has been increased several fold in weed free restored sites. – The other activity of the Centre is to augment capacity building in action research through seminars/ Fig-83. Megalaima haemacephala also known as Coppersmith Barbet workshops to stakeholders. The scientists have been 99 conducting a series of interface associated microbes and soil programmes to officials and field staff of invertebrates, and inoculation procedures. the forest departments of different states The restoration technologies developed and NGOs. are simple, cost effective, does not require after care, and generate employment Madras School of Economics, Chennai among rural women. The Centre of Excellence in Environmental – The second major achievement of the Economics has started functioning from 2002. Programme is the development of a New Presently the Centre is in its second five year Management Strategy for eradication of term based on MoU signed in 2007 between Lantana – one of the top ten world’s worst Madras School of Economics and Ministry of weeds and an alien that invaded tropical Environment and Forests, Government of India. and subtropical India and threatening The main objectives of the Centre are to carry native biodiversity. The New Management out research on issues related to environmental Strategy involves (i) removal of Lantana economics in project mode, maintain a state- by cut rootstock method – a simple, of-the-art website on environmental economics innovative and cost effective method and provide policy assistance to the Ministry. developed by the scientists of the During the year 2010-11, the Centre programme; (ii) weeding out of saplings/ initiated a new project on, “Economy-wide young plants from beneath the perching Impacts of Pollution in India : Meta Analysis’. trees of generalist birds, which disperse The report on the project on “Eco-taxes and the seeds, by using Search List of Perching GST” has been finalized and the project on Trees of Generalist Birds; and (iii) Trade-Environment with reference to Textile restoration of weed free landscape to the Sector is ongoing. Two issues of the newsletter, grassland/ forest communities. ‘Green Thoughts’ have been published during – The new management strategy has been the year. widely followed for eradication of Lantana – The new project on ‘Economy-wide by many states across the country. In Impacts of Pollution in India : Meta

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Analysis’ has been initiated in October consultations were organized in February 2010 with a project during is 18 months. and March 2010 in Chennai and New The project aims to use meta-analysis of Delhi, respectively to develop consensus studies relating to air and water pollution opinion on the need to integrate to assess macro-level estimates of overall environmental considerations into the impacts of pollution in India. GST regime. These consultations were – The Centre has finalized the report on the attended by policy-makers, think-tanks and project, ‘Coping with Pollution : Eco-taxes industrialists. Workshops were organized in a GST Regime - A Discussion Paper’ on (a) Economics of Climate Change after incorporating all the suggestions Adaptation and Land Use Planning and made at draft stage. Agriculture to identify research priorities, policy gaps and capacity building needs. – The draft report on the project, ‘India’s Export of Textile and Textile Products and – The ENVIS Centre at MSE has brought Environmental Requirements’ is likely to out two Newsletters with themes ‘Man- be submitted to the Ministry soon. made Disasters’ and ‘Natural Disasters’ – The Centre’s website http://coe.mse.ac.in during 2010. has been updated to make it more user – “National circumstances of India : Socio- friendly. Efforts have been made to Economic Profile of India”, report augment the database on environmental prepared to serve as background material economics literature substantially. for India’s second Communication to the Similarly a number of Indian studies have UNFCCC, July 2010. also been added to the database. The website is serving as one-stop destination Foundation for Revitalization of Local for users interested in environmental Health Tradition (FRLHT), Bengaluru economics related issues in India. Close The Centre of Excellence on Medicinal to 7000 articles published in referred Plants and Traditional Knowledge at FRLHT, journals have been categorized under Bangalore has been supported by MoEF since various sub-disciplines of environmental 2002-03 to bring to the focus various issues economics and resource economics. This related to Indian medicinal plants and their searchable database enables the user to conservation. The Centre has set up a national access publication information and the Bio-cultural herbarium of Indian medicinal abstract and also provide scope for plants as well as an Ethno-medicinal garden. carrying out comprehensive literature These have very rich collection of medicinal review. plants and are playing an important role in – The Centre has started publishing bi- generating awareness among different annual newsletter, Green Thoughts, from stakeholders. Besides, the Centre has also March 2009. Two issues were brought out undertaken the following activities: a) during 2010 - one in March and another pharmacognostic studies on the controversial in October. The newsletter summarizes the plant raw drug entities, b) building capacities work done at the Centre on various of different stakeholder groups about various ongoing projects. issues related to medicinal plants, through its – The Centre has organized several capacity building courses, workshops and workshops / events / seminars during the trainings, c) preparing a GIS based Atlas of year 2010-11. Two Round-Table distribution of Indian medicinal plants to guide

228 Annual Report 2010-2011 informed conservation action and d) bringing printing was carried out for Aconitum out well-referenced educational CD-ROMs on heterophyllum and Cyperus rotundus. A medicinal plants of different Indian medical manuscript on SCAR markers for Berberis systems namely Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and species has been prepared and a research Homoeopathy. paper highlighting the structure and Following are the highlights of the properties of Kiritiquinone obtained from progress achieved during the year under its Maesa indica has been published. different key areas. – Distribution Mapping: During the year, geo-distribution maps for 250 species – Bio-Cultural Herbarium: Development of and eco-distribution maps for 25 species, a unique Bio-cultural Herbarium of Indian using GIS techniques, have been Medicinal plants has been one of the key prepared. The revised and upgraded tasks of the centre. Towards this end, the version of digital atlas, incorporating geo- team of field botanists at the centre distribution and eco-distribution maps has engaged in the floristic surveys in different locations which resulted in addition of been completed. about 1000 plant specimens to the – Outreach (Training & Educational material existing collection. These efforts also on Plants of ISM): A National level 99 resulted in addition of more than 100 workshop for finalization of draft “Strategy plant species not available in the and Guidelines for Conservation of collection earlier. Medicinal Plants in India”, and developing Around 2000 images of plants depicting “operational guidelines” for the same, their habit and the specific parts/ products was organized. Two capacity building in medicinal use have been added to the courses on “Medicinal Plants image library. Training programs on Conservation” for the frontline forest staff herbarium techniques were conducted by from Karnataka were conducted during the team. Besides, four posters were also the year. Thus a total of ten such courses prepared as educational and extension have been conducted across five states material. During the year, more than 200 over the last two years covering more authentic raw drug samples were obtained than 450 field staff. A prototype CD-ROM after careful identification of specific plant on the “Plants in Ashtanga Samgraha” sources. Additionally, around 200 raw has been prepared for dissemination of drug samples were also obtained from traditional knowledge relating to Indian the markets and added to the repository. medicinal plants. These collections have been arranged Centre for Animals and Environment, thematically. CARTMAN, Bengaluru – Ethno-Medicinal Garden: During the year, The Project on Centre of Excellence for the collections at the ethno medicinal Animals & Environment (CAE) awarded by the garden were further diversified by adding Ministry to CARTMAN, Bengaluru in 2000 and more themes. A manual titled, ‘Secrets discontinued after two years for administrative of Ethno –Medicinal Garden’ was also reasons was resumed during 2009. printed. – Pharmacognosy Studies: During the year, The main objective of the Project is to phyto-chemical screening, HPLC study the mutual dependence and inter- comparative profiling and HPLC finger relationship between the Animals (LIVESTOCK)

229 Ministry of Environment & Forests and Environment (Plant Life) and initiate steps animals for the City based abattoirs in to preserve environment and to improve the Bengaluru. Preliminary studies indicate that health and welfare of animals by making them the present arrangements give rise to the more productive. Another activity envisaged following problems: is to eliminate pollution of environment caused – Cruelty to animals by transporting them by City based Abattoirs by providing alternate for long distances. locations where animals are born and reared. This would also result in development of rural – Unhygienic conditions existing in the City areas by retaining the Value added in the based Abattoirs process in villages and nearby towns. – Pollution of the City. Activities undertaken during the year – Meat consumed is not very hygienic Compilation of data relating to the scope – Considerable wastage on the total of the project, Consultations with experts, study production of meat and utilization of by- on the utilization of the bullock carts in two products. locations each in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu – Farmers/Animal Rearers located in rural and the need for their modernization, Study areas do not get sufficient returns for their of two slaughter houses in two locations in the cities of Karnataka or Tamil Nadu, preparation animals. of Web Site and Data Bank, Conducting Audio If this system is changed to establishment Visual Programme on Environment for school of mini abattoirs in rural areas, the above children in Bengaluru City, Conducting problems could be remedied to a great extent. Questionnaire Survey on the subjects of land availability, classification of land, availability CARTMAN-BBMP ECO Park of pasture land, forest land, etc, population This particular park having plants more of livestock, their classification, trend in than 300 variety of plants, located in population, utilization of bullock carts in six Koramangala VI Block, has been developed States viz., Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, by creating better ambience and environment Orissa, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and for attracting visitors. The Building Plan have Karnataka. been approved by BBMP and MoEF has been The above studies indicate that there is requested to release funds for taking up scope for introducing Improved carts for construction of Building. improving the financial status of cart owners Audio Visual Shows and farmers. Audio Visual shows conducted were on Study of Slaughter Houses in two Environment, Conservation of Ecology, Bio- locations in Karnata Diversity, Conservation of Natural Resources Work has already been taken up to study and Pollution Control. It is part of the the slaughter of small and big animals in the Awareness Programme planned for the first districts of Belgaum and also of slaughtering year.

230 CHAPTER-10 FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS Ministry of Environment & Forests

Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar and Forests Departments of States/UTs/State (IGPP) Pollution Control Board/District Collector/ Magistrate can propose a name of any citizen Introduction and Objectives or organization of India who has at least five In reverential memory of late Prime years working experience in the field of Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi, the Ministry of environment in the prescribed proforma. Self Environment and Forests, in the year 1987, nominations and nominations proposed by instituted an award called “Indira Gandhi relatives are not considered. The Paryavaran Puraskar “ to give recognition to advertisement will be issued on 15th July every those having made or have the potential to year. The last date for receipt of nominations make the measurable and major impact in shall be 15th September every year. the protection of environment. In the beginning, a cash prize of `1,00,000/- was Short listing of the nomination is carried awarded to deserving individual/organization out by three Expert Members selected by the of India. Since 1991, the prize of `1,00,000/ Prime Minister’s Office. The environmental Prize - each were awarded separately to individual Committee constituted under the Chairmanship and organizational category. From the year of Hon’ble Vice President of India select the 2002, the prize money has been enhanced to awardees. `5,00,000/- in each category. Subsequently, While selecting the awardees the term the “Regulations” governing the IGPP was “environment” is interpreted in the broadest revised from the year 2005 onwards. As per sense possible and comprising of following the revised regulations, one prize of areas of work: `5,00,000/- under the Organisation category, and two prizes of `3,00,000/- and ` 2,00,000/ – Prevention of Pollution. - each to individuals in the Individual category – Conservation of Natural Resources. shall be given annually. As per the revised regulations from the year 2009 onwards, two – Rational use of depletable resources. prizes of `5,00,000/- each under the – Environmental Planning and Management. Organisation category, and three prizes of `5,00,000/-, `3,00,000/- and `2,00,000/- – Environmental Impact Assessment. each to individuals in the Individual category – Outstanding field work (innovative shall be given annually. Along with the cash research work) for enrichment of prize, each awardee is given a silver lotus environment e.g. afforestation, land trophy and a citation. Any citizen of India or reclamation, water treatment, air organization working in India for the cause of purification etc. environment is eligible for the award. There – Environmental Education. is no age limit for the nomination for individual. – Creating awareness of environmental issues. The regulations governing IGPP was again revised from the year 2010 onwards. As per For IGPP-2008, one awardee i.e. under the revised regulations, any citizen of India organization category only was selected by having at least 10 years work experience in the Prize committee under the Chairmanship the field of Environment (substantiated in of Hon’ble Vice President of India and no one support of his experience by published/ field was found suitable for award under individual work)/ NGO working in the field of environment category. The award was given away in the with at least five years experience/ Environment award ceremony held at Vigyan Bhawan, New

232 Annual Report 2010-2011

Delhi on 5th June, 2010 on the occasion of – Only one award is given in each World Environment Day. category. The nominations received for IGPP-2009 – Cash prize of ` 2.5 lakhs along were processed. Short-listing of the nomination with Medallion and Citation is given have been carried out by the three experts selected by PMO. The ground truth verification for each category. of the short-listed nominations will be carried out by the Regional Offices concerned of the – Nominations of Government Ministry. servants/Govt. Institutions/ Organizations are forwarded Advertisements for inviting the nominations through the Head of the for IGPP, 2010 were issued in national dailies Department/Organization with regional coverage on 15th July 2010. concerned and those from JFMCs The nominations for IGPP-2010 under both may be forwarded by the PCCF the individual and organization category have concerned. been received. Various activities as per the 1010 regulations applicable for IGPP-2010 are under The IPVM Awards for the year 2010 were process. conferred on 19th November, 2010 and the Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra exercise for IPVM Awards for the calendar (IPVM) Awards year 2011 is under process. Sh. A.T. Mishra, The Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra DFO Dhalbhum Forest Division, Jamshedpur (IPVM) Awards were instituted in 1986 to (Jharkhand) was given award under category recognize the pioneering and innovative “Individual including Government Servant”. contribution made by individuals and Forestry extension Wing, Tamil Nadu Forest institutions in the field of afforestation/ Department, Chennai under category wasteland development every year. “Institutions/organizations under Government” and Village Forest Protection & Management Till the year 2005, these awards were Committee, Dani Talai, Rajasthan under given under twelve categories but from 2006 onwards the awards have been restructured to category “Joint Forest Management enhance the response and prestige and now Committee” were also given award for the awards under four categories are given as year 2010. follows: IPVM Awards for States and Union 1. Individuals including Government Territories Servants 2. Joint Forest Management Committees The IPVM Awards for States and Union (JFMCs) Territories were instituted in the year 2008 for enhancing the percentage of Forest and Tree 3. Government Institutions / Organizations Cover in States/UTs. The awards are divided 4. Non-Governmental Institutions/ into three categories and only one award is Organizations to be given in each category (Table-29.)

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Table-29. Categorization of IPVM Award

Sl.No. Category Award Awards for 2010 a) Big State having geographical area `8.00 lakhs J&K of 80,000 Sq. Km and above (one)

b) Small State having geographical `5.00 lakhs Mizoram area below 80,000 Sq.Km. (one)

c) Union Territories `5.00 lakhs UT of Chandigarh (one)

The IPVM Awards for States/UTs were The fellowship is in recognition of conferred upon on 19th November, 2010. significant important research and Next IPVM Awards for States/UTs are due in development contributions and is also the calendar year 2012. intended to encourage talented individual to Pitamber Pant National Environment devote themselves whole-time to R&D pursuits Fellowship in the field of bio-diversity. Duration of the fellowship is two years. So far, ten Fellowship Pitamber Pant National Environment Awards have been awarded to various Fellowship instituted in 1978 is awarded every scientists throughout the country. Fellowship year to encourage and recognize excellence Awards for the year 2007 and 2008 have in any branch of research related to the been announced while for the year 2009 environmental sciences. The fellowship is and 2010 nomination have been obtained awarded every year and is in recognition of and are under process. significant important research/development contributions and is also intended to National Awards for Prevention of encourage talented individuals to devote Pollution and Rajiv Gandhi themselves to Research and Development (R&D) Environment Award for Clean pursuits in the field of environmental sciences. Technology The duration of the fellowship is two years. So The National Awards for Prevention of far, twenty seven fellowship Awards have been Pollution and the Rajiv Gandhi Environment given to various Scientists throughout the Award for Clean Technology are given each country. Fellowship Awards for the year 2007 year, in the following identified categories of and 2008 have been announced while for the highly polluting industries, of industries which year 2009 and 2010 nomination have been have made a significant and measurable obtained and are under process. contribution towards development of use of B.P.Pal National Environment clean technologies, products or practices that Fellowship for Biodiversity prevent pollution and find innovative solution B.P.Pal National Environment Fellowship to environmental problems: Award for bio-diversity was instituted during Large Scale Industries 1993 and is awarded annually with a view to further develop, deepen and strengthen the i) Sugar, ii) Fertilizer, iii) Cement, expertise on Bio-diversity available in the iv) Fermentation and Distillery, v) Aluminium, country. vi) Petro-chemicals, vii) Thermal Power,

234 Annual Report 2010-2011 viii) Caustic Soda, ix) Oil Refineries, energy and water, reduction in waste x) Sulphuric Acid, xi) Tanneries, xii) Copper generation and commitment towards Smelting, xiii) Zinc Smelting, xiv) Iron and maintaining a safe, clean and healthy Steel, xv) Pulp and Paper, xvi) Dye and Dye environment. Intermediates, xvii) Pesticides, xviii) Pharmaceuticals. Nominations were invited for the National Awards for Prevention of Pollution and the Small Scale Industries Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award for Clean i) Tanneries, ii) Pulp and Paper, iii) Dye Technology for the year 2009-2010. Sixty five and Dye Intermediates, iv) Pesticides, v) nominations have been received for the Pharmaceuticals. Awards for the year 2009-2010 and evaluation of the same are being processed The National Awards for Prevention of for consideration of the Award Committee. Pollution are bestowed on 23 industries (18 scale and five small scale industries), one Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection each for the above mentioned categories of Award industries based upon their performance during The “Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife the Award financial year. Protection Award” is a national award 1010 The Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award for instituted by the Ministry for protecting wildlife, Clean Technology is given to the one which which carries a cash award of `One lakh, is the best among these industries, particularly apart from citation and medallion. This annual from the angle of adoption of the clean award is given to an individual/institution technology. The Awards comprise a Cash pertaining to rural communities for significant Award of Rupees one lakh in addition to a contribution in the field of wildlife protection, silver Trophy and a Citation. which is recognized as having shown exemplary courage and valor or having done The Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award for some exemplary work for the protection of Clean Technology for the year 2008-2009 wildlife in the country. During October 2008, awarded to M/s Reliance Infrastructure Limited, in the institutional category, the award (for Dahanu in recognition for its outstanding the year 2006) was given to Manas efforts towards conservation and protection of Maozigendri Eco tourism Society (MMES). the environment through use of innovative practices and cleaner technologies. Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Conservation Award National Award for Prevention of Pollution for the year 2008-2009 was awarded to The Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Conservation M/s Indian Rayon, Veraval, Gujarat (under Award is given for significant contribution in the Caustic Soda category), M/s Binani Cement the field of wildlife which is recognized as Limited, Sirohi, Rajasthan (under the Cement having made or has the potential to make category), M/s Indian Farmers Fertilizer measurable and major impact on the Cooperative Ltd. (IFFCO), Phulpur Unit, protection and conservation of wildlife in the Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh (Under Fertilizer country. Two awards of `One lakh each, along category), M/s Reliance Industries Ltd., Dahej, with medallions, and citations, are given to: Gujarat (under the Petrochemical category), – Education and research institutions and M/s BILT Graphic Paper Products Ltd., Kerala organizations, and (under the Zinc Smelting category) for their commendable efforts towards conservation of – Forests and Wildlife Officers/research

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scholars or scientists / wildlife research/experimental projects aimed at conservationists. conservation of the rich wildlife heritage of During October 2008, in the institutional this country. Dr. Salim Ali National Wildlife category, the award (for the year 2006) was Fellowship and Shri Kailash Sankhla National given to Gujarat Ecological Education and Wildlife Fellowship Awards are awarded for Research (GEER) Foundation, Gujarat. In the Research/experimental projects on avian individual category, the awards (for the year wildlife and on mammalian wildlife 2006) were jointly given to Dr.Prakash Baba respectively. Amte and Shri Aseem Srivastava. Medini Puraskar In addition, the Ministry also awards two fellowships viz. a) Dr. Salim Ali National The Hon’ble Minister of State (Independent Wildlife Fellowship and b) Shri Kailash Sankhla Charge) honoured five writers under Medini National Wildlife Fellowship. The fellowships Puraskar Scheme with a view to encourage are awarded to inspire and promote, writing of original books in Hindi, on the particularly the younger generation of wildlife subjects related to the environment for the managers and scientists, for taking up year 2009.

236 CHAPTER-11 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION Ministry of Environment & Forests

Environmental Information System Government Departments/Universities (ENVIS) throughout the country. The Focal Point of ENVIS is located in the Ministry and Introduction coordinates the activities of all the ENVIS Environmental information plays a network partners to make ENVIS a web- paramount role not only in formulating enabled comprehensive information system. environmental management policies but also The list of ENVIS network partners is given at in the decision making process aiming at Annexure-X. environmental protection and improvement of environment aim at sustaining good quality Objectives of life for the living beings. Hence, The long term and short term objectives management of Environment is key component of Environmental Information System (ENVIS) and thus plays an important role in effecting are as follows: a balance between the demands and resource available there by keeping the environmental Long Term Objectives quality at a satisfactory level. Realizing of such – To build up a repository and dissemination need Ministry set up an Environmental centre in Environmental Science and Information System (ENVIS) in 1983 as a plan Engineering; programme and as a comprehensive network in environmental information collection, – To gear up State of Art Technologies of collation, storage, retrieval and dissemination information acquisition, processing, to varying users, which include decision- storage, retrieval and dissemination of makers, researchers, academicians, policy environmental nature; planners, research scientists, etc. – To support and promote research, development and innovation in ENVIS was conceived as a distributed environmental information technology. information network with the subject-specific centres to carry out the mandates and to Short Term Objectives provide the relevant and timely information to – To provide national environmental all concerned. Association of the various State information service relevant to present Governments/UTs was also felt necessary in needs and capable of meeting the future promoting the ENVIS network to cover a wide needs of the users, originators, processors range of disciplines of subjects and the and disseminators of information. cooperation of the various State/UT Governments. Keeping this in view, the network – To build up storage, retrieval and was expanded gradually with the involvement dissemination capabilities, with the of thematic subject-areas and State ultimate objective of disseminating Government/UT departments to make it a information speedily to the users. more comprehensive environmental – To promote national and international information network. cooperation and liaison for exchange of ENVIS network at present consists of a environment related information. chain of 76 network partners out of which 46 – To promote, support and assist education are on subject-specific and 30 are on State/ and personnel training programmes UT related issues. These network partners are designed to enhance environmental called ENVIS Centres and are located in the information processing and utilizing notable organizations/ institutions/State/UT capabilities.

238 Annual Report 2010-2011

– To promote and exchange of information Committee for ENVIS Scheme was held amongst developing countries. on 23rd November, 2010. As some ENVIS Progress / Achievements carried out by Centres were called for discussion/ ENVIS Network during the year presentation before the Committee. The Report of the Committee drafted and The ENVIS network comprising both on under finalization and will be submitted the subject specific areas and status of to Ministry for consideration. environment and related issues established under ENVIS Scheme continued its information- – A National Evaluation Workshop for all related activities, database development, ENVIS Centres was held on 5-6th April, publication of requisite information packages 2010 at Gangtok, Sikkim. The evaluation through newsletters, abstracting services, etc. was done by an independent Expert and also the query-response services during Committee constituted by the Ministry. The the year. This was done by updating and Committee after carefully going through maintaining an information base that includes the presentation of each ENVIS Centre both descriptive information as well as graded their performance and provided numerical data. Descriptive information in suitable guidelines and suggestions for the form of publications, reports, reprints and further improvement in the functioning of 1111 abstracts on related subjects is stored for the ENVIS Centres. Necessary follow up dissemination. Numerical data on the same action have been or are being taken on subject are collected, compiled, processed and the recommendation of the Evaluation analyzed for the purpose of dissemination. Committee. Documentation in the form of publications – ENVIS Focal Point in the Ministry is and reports are brought out. All the responsible for maintenance and updation information thus compiled are made available of the website of the Ministry (URL: http:/ on the website of the respective Centres. /www.moef.gov.in) and disseminating – The Meeting of the Scientific Advisory information through the website to all Committee of Environmental Information concerned. Information in the Ministry’s System (ENVIS) was held on 25th June, website was continuously updated by 2010 under the chairmanship of Shri R.H. ENVIS focal point throughout the year. Khwaja, Special Secretary of the Ministry The website (Fig.-84) has also been linked to review the functioning of the scheme, with the various Divisions of the Ministry provide guidelines for the implementation in order to have up-to-date information and other necessary mid-course corrective on the subject concerned. Besides, the directions, if any, towards meeting the website is also regularly providing stated objectives of the scheme. During information on the new updates of the this meeting it was recommended inter- Ministry, response to media reports and alia that a Sub-Committee should be other important issues of the Ministry from constituted to look into the various issues time to time with the objective of pertaining to ENVIS Scheme. Accordingly, disseminating such information to all a Sub-Committee was constituted and its concerned. The website recorded a huge Terms of Reference finalized to look into number of hits per month reflecting the the various issues pertaining to ENVIS usage of website by various national and Scheme. The first meeting of the sub- international users. Ministry’s website has committee was held on 26th October, been revamped with better look, content 2010. The second meeting of the Sub- and design adopting latest technologies

239 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig-84. Ministry’s website (http://moef.gov.in)

and keeping in view of the guidelines for current updates of the entire network. An development and management of effort is being made to redesign and to government website to make it more have better look and user friendly by transparent and user friendly. Efforts are revamping to the portal. also continuously made to make Ministry’s – The Ministry has initiated the process for website up to date and user friendly. cyber security audit of 36 ENVIS websites – A portal of ENVIS at URL: http:// which are hosted on the NIC Server in the www.envis.nic.in connecting all the ENVIS first phase in collaboration with NICSI/ network partners are updated regularly NIC as per Govt. of India’s Guidelines by the focal point. The portal acts as a for Govt. websites. The websites will be audited and complied with respect to Web catalyst for inter-centre interaction and for Security Guidelines issued by Indian information on several broad categories Computer Emergency Response Team of subject related to environment under (CERT-In). Apart from auditing, removal which the Centres have been established. of vulnerable pages, redesigning, The websites of all the ENVIS network restructuring of the website, uniformity of partners could be directly accessed from the navigational pages/links/hyperlinks, the homepage of the portal giving etc, will also be taken care of during this information on major events, activities and exercise.

240 Annual Report 2010-2011

– Query-Answer Service is one of the major – The ENVIS World Wildlife Fund (WWF), responsibilities of ENVIS Network. The Delhi organized a seminar to celebrate ENVIS focal point and all its partners the 25 years of the ENVIS Scheme. Head, responded a large number of queries EI Division gave the key note address. during the year and provided substantive Officers/officials of EI Division was also information as far as possible. Wherever, present. All the Centres established during information is not readily available, the the initial stage participated and network provided ‘Referral Service’ to the presented their achievements throughout concerned users. The major subject-areas the years and suggested for strengthening on which the queries were responded to and streamlining of the ENVIS scheme for pertain to climate change, ozone layer, environmental conservation, its better performance in the coming days. environmental standards, environmental The Centre has also compiled the education and awareness, water and air compendium “Environment in the Indian pollution, waste management and Parliament, and Analysis 2010, and environmental laws etc. extensive database of Parliamentary matters related to the Environment in the – ENVIS focal point coordinated and Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and is under 1111 published the Annual Report 2010-11 of printing. the Ministry and got it distributed to various Central and State Government – As a follow up to the Hon’ble President Departments, professional institutions, of India’s address to the Joint Session of universities, research organizations, the Parliament on 4th June, 2009, the embassies/High Commissions of various Ministry published the ‘Report to the countries in India, etc. The electronic People on Environment and Forests 2009- version of current and achieved Annual 10". The purpose of the Report is to Reports are also available on the website generate a national debate on of the Ministry. environmental issues, which will form the – A one-day Seminar on “Methodology and basis for suitable revision in the policy Procedures for popularizing ENVIS network frame-work, wherever required, and among the stake holders: A study of Delhi ultimately result in improved performance ENVIS Centres” which was organized by in Environment and Forests Sector. The the Ministry in collaboration with The Report has been hosted in the Ministry’s Energy and Research Institute (TERI), New website and widely distributed to all the Delhi on 26th November, 2010 at New Delhi. The main theme of the Seminar stakeholders concerned with the was to find a suitable feasible strategy to development of the environment and be adopted by the ENVIS Centres in order forestry sector of the country. to popularize the ENVIS Scheme among Indian State Level Basic Environmental the stakeholders in view of the changed Information Database (ISBEID) scenario. Forty six participants including representatives from ten ENVIS Centres in In order to develop the relevant databases Delhi along with the user community and on several environment and its related Ministry officials were present. The parameters and to make it online to the recommendations of the seminar are being Ministry for to and fro information flow, a web considered by the Ministry. enabled software, namely, Indian State Level

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Basic Environmental Information Database NICSI/NIC. The database software for the (ISBEID) was developed by ENVIS focal point revised 17 modules is complete and has been in collaboration with National Informatics given to the State/UT ENVIS Centres for Centre (NIC). The objective for development entering data in the MIS software. The of this software is to cover the gap in development of the GIS interface software is environmental data dissemination with regard in progress. to vast parameters such as air pollution, water pollution, forestry, land resources, flora and State of Environment Reporting (SoER) Scheme fauna. The software developed in-house consisted of 17 modules to help the state – During the 10th Plan period, Ministry government centres to collect, compile and launched SoER scheme which 100% disseminate information at state level on the central assistance was provided to the selected modules and fill in the data online States/UTs to prepare their State of in a centralised server. Environment Report. The scheme for preparation of State of Environment Report A software module for spatial interface with the objective of highlighting the with GIS application in the ISBEID software upstream and downstream linkages with was developed by NIC through NICSI. The environmental issues besides creating a major objective of the software was to (i) baseline document in the form of SoE Develop an internet based GIS application, Report in each State/UTs continued during (ii) Provide one stop information to the users, the 11th Five Year Plan. During the year (iii) Interactive maps capable of handling 2010-11, the SoE Reports for the states operations like zoom in/out, pan, print, of Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and measure etc. and (iv) Querying the database Union Territory of Lakshadweep and interactively. Hyderabad city have been completed and Initially the database consisting of 23 are under printing. The SoE Report for modules in various environmental fields was the states of Arunachal Pradesh, tested on pilot basis by eight states with 12 Karnataka, Tripura, Jammu & Kashmir and modules in two phases. During the two phase for the metro cities of Chennai and Delhi of the programme it was observed that there are in progress. were some practical problems in collecting – The Ministry developed an “Interactive the data and filling the database software. State of Environment Atlas – 2008” in After deliberations it was decided that the collaboration with Development existing 23 modules will be revisited and Alternatives, New Delhi. The dossier and revised in consultation with all the State/UT the website on SoE Atlas were released ENVIS Centres and to extend the ISBEID project by the then Hon’ble MoS (E&F) and then for all the States/UTs. Accordingly, the Secretary (E&F) on the Earth Day i.e. 22nd database module was revised in consultation April, 2008. The Atlas is a compilation with the state ENVIS Centres in a workshop of categorized thematic maps on green organized for this purpose at Hyderabad (forests and biodiversity), blue (water during 7th - 8th June, 2010 and finally the resources) and brown (pollution) number of modules has been reduced to 17. environmental issues and provides Simultaneously, the ISBEID programme is being flexibility and versatility for users to extended to all the State/UT ENVIS Centres visualize environmental spatial data using throughout the country in collaboration with simple GIS functionalities. Development

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Alternatives was entrusted with the job of attended by 13 ENVIS Centres, eight updation of the Atlas for the period up to representatives from State Directorate of 31.03.2010. A stakeholder workshop was Economic Statistics and representatives held on 02.12.2010 for finalization of from Central Government Ministries, the Atlas. The updated “Interactive State officials of MoEF and CSO. of Environment Atlas” will be hosted on – The Ministry participated in the 15th the Ministry’s website shortly. Commonwealth Statisticians Conference Statistical Cell organized by the Ministry of Statistics in th th – The role of Statistical Cell in the Ministry New Delhi during 7 -10 , February, inter alia includes assistance to different 2011. This is one of the most important Divisions of the Ministry in providing global Conference of Official Statisticians Statistical inputs and also to liaison with and is considered prestigious in the arena other Central Ministries/ Organizations/ of statistics. The objective of the other agencies national and international conference is for commitment to sharing in the matter of environment and forestry experience and information, continuous statistics. During the year the Cell provided dialogue, collaborative networking, inputs for various publications of Central bridging gaps between people, 1111 Statistical Organizations on environment infrastructure and processes for the and forests. strengthening and improvement of the statistical systems among the – ENVIS has been representing the Ministry Commonwealth countries. and providing inputs in various Committees of the Government, especially – Statistical Advisor attended the meeting those constituted by Ministry of Statistics on Environment Statistics in Delhi and Programme Implementation such as organized by the Directorate of Economics ‘Development of Database on Climate and Statistics (DES), Govt. of National Change’, ‘Issues in the Estimation of GDP Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) on of Forestry Sector’ etc. It also provided 04-02-2011. The focus of the meeting necessary information for publication of was on environment statistics in Delhi and Compendium of Environmental Statistics, related Millennium indicators and to Statistical Abstracts, etc., periodically as strengthen the ENVIS Centre located in per the recommendation of the National GNCTD. Statistical Commission. – Statistical Advisor as a representative from – A two-day workshop on Capacity Building the Ministry, attended the UNEP Global of limited ENVIS Centres and Central and Environment Outlook 5 Consultation th Statistical Officers (COCSSO) was held Meeting held at Nairobi during 29 – st in New Delhi on 22nd & 23rd September, 31 March, 2010. 2010. The two-day workshop was – Statistical Advisor has been nominated organized jointly by ENVIS in the Ministry by the Ministry to act as Nodal Officer for and CSO, Ministry of Statistics and the Development Information System Programme Implementation. This joint (DevInfo), a database system for workshop was held as a follow up to a monitoring human development. It is a recommendation of the 16th Workshop of tool for organizing, storing and presenting COCSSO attended by Statistical Advisor, data in a uniform way to facilitate data EI Division. The joint workshop was sharing at the country, regional and global

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levels across government departments, – IFC also helps in receiving the RTI UN organizations, civil society applications from applicants under the organizations and development partners. “in-person” option. It is funded by eight UN organizations. Information and Facilitation Centre (IFC) NGO Cell – The Information & Facilitation Counter at A Non-Governmental Organisation Cell Paryavaran Bhavan has been functioning (NGO Cell) has been set up in the Ministry for over four years with the assistance of to handle various matters relating to NGO’s Centre for Environment Education, a working in diverse field of environment. The Centre of Excellence supported under this Ministry. The IFC is equipped with a basic functions of the Cell are: helpdesk, touch screen computer and open display area to guide the visitors. – Collection and dissemination of information to various NGOs. – IFC continued to disseminate the Ministry’s publications such as Annual Reports, – Liaison with different Ministries/ Brochures, Journals, Newsletters, Research Departments and other Government Guidelines, Awards Guidelines, Funding agencies on various issues including Schemes etc. It is also providing guidance regarding application procedure for creating a database relating to NGOs various schemes of the Ministry along with working in the field of environment and the information about the status of various its associated areas. applications submitted to the Ministry. The priced publications of the Ministry are Attending parliament questions/matters/ available from the IFC. RTI applications on NGOs.

244

Ministry of Environment & Forests

Introduction shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, The Policy and Law Division of the Ministry but shall be guided by principles of natural is partly implementing the Schemes “Assistance justice. for Abatement of Pollution, Environment Policy and Law” and Establishment of Environment The Tribunal’s dedicated jurisdiction in Commission and Tribunal” and providing environmental matters shall provide speedy legislative and institutional support to other environmental justice and help reduce the thematic divisions whenever need for any burden of litigation in the higher courts. The amendment to existing legislation/notification Tribunal is mandated to make an endeavor or implementation of the National Environment for disposal of applications or appeals finally Policy 2006, National Green Tribunal Act, within six months of filing of the same. Initially, 2010, Ecomark Scheme and work relating to the NGT is proposed to be set up at five establishment of National Environment places of sittings and will follow circuit Assessment and Monitoring Authority (NEAMA). procedure for making itself more accessible.

The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act, 2010 has been brought into force on 18th National Environment Assessment and October, 2010. The Notifications relating to Monitoring Authority (NEAMA) establishment of NGT and appointment of The Ministry has initiated a proposal to Justice Shri L.S. Panta as Chairperson, NGT establish a National Environment Assessment have also been published in the Gazette of and Monitoring Authority (NEAMA) to India on 18th October, 2010. strengthen the regulatory framework and to The NGT has been established for the improve the environmental governance in the effective and expeditious disposal of cases country particularly in the fields of environment relating to environmental protection and impact assessment and coastal zone conservation of forests and other natural management. The earlier National resources including enforcement of any legal Environment Protection Authority (NEPA) has right relating to environment and giving relief been rechristened as NEAMA in line with its and compensation for damages to persons proposed mandate. A concept note on NEPA and property and for matters connected was uploaded in the Ministry’s website on therewith or incidental thereto. It is a 25th May, 2010 for suggestions and as part specialized body equipped with the necessary of the consultation process, a meeting was expertise to handle environmental disputes held in May, 2010 in New Delhi in which involving multi-disciplinary issues. The Tribunal representatives of State Governments, State

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Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control negotiations under the Doha Round under the Committees, Central Pollution Control Board aegis of the World Trade Organization (WTO). and line Ministries participated. A project titled Inputs regarding both in the area of ‘Scope, Structure and Process of NEAMA was Environmental Goods and Services were awarded by MoEF to Indian Institute of provided as and when required. In addition Technology (IIT), Delhi and the draft study to this Trade and Environment Cell examined report has been uploaded on the Ministry’s a number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTA), website on 26th November, 2010 for Bilateral Investment Protection Agreements or comments. NEAMA is a part of the larger Investment Treaties, Comprehensive Economic environmental regulatory reform agenda of Cooperation Agreements (CCEA) from the the Ministry. environment and forestry point of view. Agreements from Singapore, New Zealand, Trade and Environment Burkina Faso, Indonesia etc. were examined Trade and Environment Cell and comments furnished. In addition to this 1212 Trade and Environment Cell of the Ministry inputs to the Department of Commerce (DoC) undertakes the following items of work : were provided on REACH as a Non-Tariff Barrier on chemicals by European Union (EU) – Provide technical inputs to the preparatory and China, Genetically Modified Organisms, process in the area of Trade and and further firming up the list approach in Environment, in particular, items under case of Environmental Goods. Inputs to the negotiations in the World Trade Committee of Secretaries on the issue of Organization (WTO) and other opening up of Wild Life exit points at multilateral, bilateral and regional fora. Bangalore airport to regulate trade in – Act as the nodal section within the Ministry protected Wild Life species were also furnished. to deal with references received from the Inputs to the Department of Industrial Policy Ministry of Commerce and Industry; and and Promotion were provided on issues related to Transfer of Technology (ToT), IPRs, – Implementation of the ongoing Project on environmentally sound technology etc. Trade and Environment. Proposals for opening up of liasioning offices

Activities undertaken during the year in India by developed countries were processed too. During the year 2010-11, the Trade and Environment Cell of the Ministry examined and The consultancy project, ‘Programme on furnished inputs from environment and forestry Trade and Environment’ continued during the point of view to the Department of Commerce year. The dedicated website - http:/ facilitating participation in the on going www.mse.ac.in /Trade/index.asp - functions as

247 Ministry of Environment & Forests one-stop resource for Trade and Environment & Environment in the context of WTO. As part related issues in India with comprehensive of the project activities, a two-day National coverage of Doha development agenda, Seminar was organized at MSE during 26-27 General Agreement on Trade in Services, October 2010 in collaboration with the Ministry Regional Trade Agreements, TRIPS, and Trade of Environment and Forests, New Delhi.

248 CHAPTER-13 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Ministry of Environment & Forests

Introduction Progress/Achievements during the year

The Ministry of Environment and Forests Commission on Sustainable is the nodal Ministry in the Government of Development (CSD) India for all Bilateral and Multilateral – The United Nations Conference on Environmental Agreements. These include Environment and Development (UNCED), Vienna Convention for the Protection of the also known at Earth Summit or Rio Ozone Layer, Montreal Protocol on Substances Summit, was held at Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil that deplete the Ozone Layer, Conventions on in 1992, had adopted the Agenda 21, Biological Diversity, UN Framework Convention which is a blue print for a global plan of on Climate Change, UN Convention to action for achieving sustainable Combat Desertification, Kyoto Protocol, the development. The Commission on Basel Convention on Trans-boundary Sustainable Development (CSD) was set Movement of Hazardous Substances, up in 1993 under United Nations Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Economic & Social Council (UN Pollutants, Rotterdam Convention, Ramsar ECOSOC) for the purpose of review of Convention etc. progress of implementation of the Agenda International Co-operation & Sustainable 21. The Commission meets annually in Development Division is the nodal point within New York, USA. the Ministry to coordinate all international environmental cooperation and sustainable – Ministry of External Affairs is the nodal development issues. It is the nodal Division Ministry for the CSD matters. However, for United Nations Environment Programme this Ministry plays the role for providing (UNEP), UN Commission for Sustainable technical support and for implementation Development (CSD), United Nations of the Agenda 21. The 18th Session Development Programme (UNDP), the World (being the Policy Session) of the Bank, UNIDO, Global Environment Facility Commission on Sustainable Development (GEF) and regional bodies like Economic & (CSD), was held from 3-14 May, 2010 in Social Commission for Asia & Pacific (ESCAP), New York as Review Session, which had South Asian Association for Regional considered the thematic areas of Cooperation (SAARC), South Asia Cooperative transport, chemicals, waste (Hazardous Environment Programme (SACEP), ADB and and Solid waste), mining, sustainable European Union (EU), India Brazil South Africa consumption and production. A (IBSA) Summit on Environment, etc. The delegation from India comprising senior Division also handles bilateral country to officers from this Ministry had attended country co-operation in the areas of the above Session under the leadership environment protection and sustainable of the Secretary, Ministry of Environment development. This Division also deputes and Forests. The final report of the officers for participation in conventional meeting is available at the UN Website meetings organized by UNEP, UNDESA, GEF at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/ and other UN Agencies and international UNDOC/GEN/N10/381/00/PDF/ organizations. N1038100.pdf.

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– The participating countries in the CSD range from assessment of environmental meetings are required to submit their trends, especially early warning systems National Reports on thematic issues of to dealing with the environmental disasters the meeting once in two years cycle. India and emergencies to the promotion of had already submitted its National Report environmental science and information. “Towards Sustainable Growth: Transport/ – One of the main responsibilities of the Chemicals/Waste Management/Mining/ UNEP is to keep under review the world SCP” to the Commission in its 18th Session environmental situation and ensure that during 2010. emerging environmental problems of wide – The CSD will organize its 19th Session as international significance are prioritized Policy Session in New York, USA from 2- and receive appropriate and adequate 13 May, 2011. Being a Policy Session, consideration by the Governments. the CSD will focus to arrive at policy – The Governing Council/Global Ministerial options and possible actions to expedite Environment Forum of the UNEP is the implementation of actions of the Agenda high level environment policy forum which 21 with respect to the pre-decided thematic brings the world’s environment ministers 1313 areas of transport, chemicals, waste together to review important and (Hazardous and Solid waste), mining, emerging policy issues in the field of the sustainable consumption and production. environment. The Council/Forum meets – Before the 19th Session, the Commission annually at Nairobi, Kenya in general will hold an Intergovernmental Preparatory sessions and outside Kenya in special Meeting in New York from 28 February, sessions in alternate years. 2011 to 4 March, 2011 which will serve – The UNEP Council/Forum had organized as a funnel by way of broad-based its 11th Special Session at Bali, Indonesia discussions with respect to above thematic from 24-26 February, 2010. ‘Environment areas and to identify policy options and in the multilateral system’ was the theme possible actions in the form of negotiable of the session under which various issues text for consideration and adoption in the of international environment governance, 19th Session. green economy, biodiversity and ecosystem services, international law etc. United Nations Environment were covered. The Indian Delegation was Programme (UNEP) led by Secretary, Ministry of Environment – The United Nations Environment and Forests. In the above Session, Nusa Programme (UNEP) established in 1972, Dua Declaration was adopted with the after the Rio Earth Summit held in Brazil objective to keep the nations committed in 1992, is the principle entity within the to strengthening the role of the United UN System to assist the developing Nations Environment Programme as the countries in building scientific and leading global environmental authority technical capacity, fostering partnership that sets the global environmental and knowledge development to promote agenda, that promotes the coherent environment for sustainable development. implementation of the environmental Based in Nairobi, Kenya, UNEP activities dimension of sustainable development

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within the United Nations system, and that (ii) International environmental serves as an authoritative advocate for governance. the global environment. The proceedings of the meeting as well as Nusa Dua The Ministry is in the process of Declaration may be seen at UNEP website participating in the meeting. at http://unep.org/gc/GCSS-XI/ proceeding_docs.asp . – Government of India provides contribution to the UNEP Environment Fund annually – The 26th Session of the UNEP Governing at the rate of US $ 100,000. Contributions Council/Global Ministerial Environment upto the calendar year 2010 has been Forum (Council/Forum) will be held in transmitted to the UNEP Secretariat. UNEP’s Headquarter at Nairobi, Kenya from 21-24 February, 2011. It is a major Rio+20 Process international event which is attended by developed, developing and least – The United Nations Conference on developed countries and small island Environment and Development (UNCED), developing states. In an effort to make also known as the Rio Summit, Rio the session as climate neutral and Conference, Earth Summit was organized environment friendly with the concept of by the United Nations as a major United ‘Greening the Governing Council’, the Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro, UNEP will conduct a paperless Brazil from 3 June to 14 June 1992 to conferencing system for the 26th Session, find ways to halt the destruction of which will be first time in the Governing irreplaceable natural resources and Council/Global Ministerial Environment pollution of the planet. Hundreds of Forum. thousands of people from all walks of life – Under the policy issues, the Council/Forum were drawn into the Rio process. The will discuss the issues of international Summit brought out ‘Agenda 21’- an environmental governance, world unprecedented and comprehensive environment situation, chemicals programme of action for global action in management, including mercury, all areas of sustainable development. intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services, – The Rio Summit will complete 20 years in sustainable consumption and production, 2012. With a view to commemorate the waste management, protection of marine 20th anniversary of the Rio Summit, the environment from land based activities, United Nations is going to hold the United financing options for chemicals and Nations Conference on Sustainable wastes. Apart from these, the Council/ Development (UNCSD) known as Rio+20 Forum will also consider following two Process at Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil during topics under the emerging policy issues May, 2012. The Rio+20 will mainly in the ministerial consultations : comprise two themes viz: (a) Green Economy in the context of Sustainable (i) Green economy: benefits, Development and Poverty Eradication and challenges and risks associated with (b) The Institutional Framework for a transition to a green economy; Sustainable Development.

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– The Ministry will participate in the Rio+20 Building, SME, Railways, Chillers, Tea events and is planning to put in place processing and Brick manufacturing several synopsis studies on green sectors, bio-safety issues, access and economy, institutional framework and benefit issues under the Biological Diversity progress of implementation of the Agenda Act, Programmatic Approach on Marine 21 in India. Conservation, Programmatic Approach on Sustainable Land and Ecosystem Global Environment Facility (GEF) Management amongst others. Since inception, about USD 2 billion has been – India is a founder member of GEF leveraged as project co-financing. India (www.gefweb.org), the largest multilateral has contributed USD 51 million to the funding mechanism providing incremental GEF Trust Fund (1991 - June 2014). project grant to the developing countries on global environmental issues with local – The Ministry has actively participated in benefits. Set up in 1991, 182 the GEF 5 replenishment negotiations of governments are its members. India is the GEF Trust Fund at the global level both a donor and recipient of GEF grant. and was able to initiate several We chair and represent the GEF South operational reforms to the GEF. We have 1313 Asia Constituency (comprising of received an indicative allocation of USD Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives and 129 million under GEF 5 cycle (July 2010 Sri Lanka) in the GEF Council meetings – June 2014) and in consultation with the twice a year. The 3rd GEF South Asia concerned stakeholders, the Ministry has Constituency meeting was hosted by the initiated the process of identification, Government of Bangladesh in Dhaka prioritization and preparation of GEF 5 focusing on GEF 5 operational and (July 2010 – June 2014) programming programming issues. plan for submission to the GEF Secretariat.

– The Ministry of Environment and Forests Small Grant Programme (SGP) (MoEF) is the GEF Operational Focal Point – Launched in 1992, GEF Small Grants for India for coordination and operational Program (SGP) complements GEF full- matters. Department of Economic Affairs and medium-sized project funding, by (DEA) in Ministry of Finance is the GEF providing a window for the direct Political Focal Point for India dealing with participation of NGOs, local policy and governance issues. The GEF communities, and other grassroot Empowered Committee chaired by organizations. SGP is a country wide, focus Secretary (E&F) guides, approves and on the tribal, remote, inaccessible areas overlooks GEF operations in the country. and with Indigenous tribal people. SGP India has funded more than 300 projects – Since 1991, India has accessed USD 326 worth USD 5.2 million of grant and co- million as GEF grant and of this USD finance leveraged is USD 6.2 million from 154 million was accessed during the GEF communities and other stakeholders like 4 cycle (July 2006 – June 2010). The Govt., local administration & private projects developed during GEF 4 cycle sector. During, GEF-5 cycle, SGP-India are on Sustainable Transport, Energy will be a full scale project involving US$ Efficiency initiatives in Commercial 5 million as GEF grant.

253 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– The SGP in India is being hosted and – SACEP Governing Council met on coordinated by the Centre for Environment November 1-3, 2010 at Colombo, Sri Education (CEE), Ahmedabad. The Lanka during which the chair of the National Steering Committee chaired by Governing Council got passed on from the Joint Secretary, IC and GEF India to Sri Lanka. Operational Focal Point, which approves South Asian Association for Regional the projects on a quarterly basis. The Cooperation (SAARC) project proposals/ concept notes could be submitted to the CEE’s regional cells – The South Asian Association for Regional on a rolling basis. Cooperation (SAARC), which is an intergovernmental body, was established South Asia Cooperative Environment in 1985 with the aim to provide a platform Programme (SACEP) for the peoples of South Asia to work – SACEP was set up in 1982 with together in a spirit of friendship, trust and headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It understanding so that the process of aims to promote regional Co-operation economic and social development in in South Asia in the field of environment, Member States could be accelerated. The both natural and human, in the context of SAARC has eight countries as its sustainable development and on issues members, viz., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, of economic and social development which Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, also impinge on the environment and vice Sri Lanka. versa. It supports conservation and – With a view to provide directives and management of natural resources of the mandate for regional co-operation under region by working closely with all national, the SAARC, the SAARC Secretariat regional, and international institutions, organizes meeting of the Heads of State governmental and nongovernmental, as or Government once a year or more often well as experts and groups engaged in as and when considered necessary by the such co-operation and conservation Member States known as SAARC Summit. efforts. So far sixteen Summits had been held. – Secretary, Ministry of Environment and – The Sixteenth Summit of the South Asian Forests is the SACEP Focal Point for India. Association for Regional Cooperation was The SACEP holds its Governing Council held in Thimphu, Bhutan from 28-29 April, (GC) meetings, which concentrate on 2010 as Silver Jubilee Year of SAARC current regional issues as well as global with the theme of “Towards a Green and concerns. Happy South Asia”. The Heads of States – The Ministry provides Government of emphasized the need to develop a ‘Vision India’s annual contribution to the SACEP. Statement’. They agreed to form a ‘South The Ministry has sanctioned an amount of Asia Forum’ for the generation of debate, Rs. 16,99,755/- and released an amount discussion and the exchange of ideas on of Rs. 14,00,000/- as first installment of South Asia and its future development. the contribution for the calendar year Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister 2010. of India had led a full fledged delegation

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to attend the above meeting. In the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit, the SAARC Convention on Summit Cooperation on Environment was signed – Sustainable Development being a thrust by the Member States and called for its area of the Ministry, it has been supporting early ratification and implementation by the Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), the member states. The draft of SAARC New Delhi in organizing Delhi Sustainable Convention was formulated by the Ministry Development Summit (DSDS) since 2001. in 2009. The Ministry has ratified the So far 10 such summits have been SAARC Convention on Cooperation on organized. Environment thus legally binding for the implementation of the Convention. – The 10th Delhi Sustainable Development Summit was organized by TERI on 5-7 – So far, eight Environment Ministers February, 2010. The theme of the summit Conferences of SAARC countries have been was ‘Beyond Copenhagen: New Pathways held under SAARC, which also has a to Sustainable Development’ with a view Committee on Environment, Meteorology to think over the growing global warming and Forest, for working out the detailed and climate change concerns being faced 1313 plan of action in these areas and by developing world. implementing the same. Strengthening regional cooperation in environment is – The 11th Delhi Sustainable Development the focus of the SAARC meetings. Summit was organized on 3-5 February, 2011 with the theme focusing on “Tapping – During the 8th meeting of the SAARC local initiatives and tackling global Environment Ministers held in New Delhi, inertia”. The event was attended by India from 19-20 October, 2009, Shri around 700 participants ranging from Jairam Ramesh, Minister for Environment governments, policy makers, UN officials, and Forests had announced a one time NGOs etc. from India and abroad. The grant of one million US dollar each for event was inaugurated by Prime Minister capacity building and strengthening of of India. SAARC Forestry Center in Bhutan and SAARC Coastal Management Center in The World Bank Maldives equivalent to `10.00 crore. The first installment of `3.84 crore, being 40% – IC&SD Division is the nodal division for of the total grant were released during the overall World Bank portfolio in 2009-10 to SAARC Secretariat. The environmental projects. It coordinates the second installment of `3.74 crore being initial tying up of activities including remaining 40% of the grant was released crucial negotiations before the projects during 2010-11. are actually started by the concerned thematic divisions. – The Ministry had been entrusted with the responsibility to organize training, SEED Initiative including specialized training of – The SEED Initiative, founded by UNEP, government officials on different issues of UNDP and IUCN at the 2002 World mutual interest in the area of environment Summit on Sustainable Development in for the officials of the SAARC countries. Johannesburg, is a global partnership for

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action on sustainable development and – The fourth meeting of EU-India the green economy. SEED supports Environment Forum was held on 21st innovative small-scale and locally driven October, 2010 in New Delhi on “Ship entrepreneurships around the globe which Dismantling – Towards a Safe and integrate social and environmental Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships”. benefits into their business model. SEED offers two main types of support to social – The fifth meeting of the India-Norway Joint and environmental entrepreneurs: (i) Working Group was held on 9th Resources and (ii) Tools. November, 2010 in New Delhi. The issues relating to bio-diversity and bio- safety, – Government of India had announced a chemicals and environmental hazards, one time contribution of US $ 100,000 climate change, glaciology and to the SEED Initiative to support sustainable development were discussed development of projects pertaining to as areas of future cooperation between sustainable development. The Ministry the two countries. A proposal of CPCB on has released `48.00 lakh to the SEED “Recovery of alternative fuels and raw Secretariat for the purpose. materials and treatment of organic hazardous wastes through co-processing Bilateral Cooperation in resource and energy intensive industries in India” is under consideration for Ministry of Environment and Forests has Norwegian funding. about 20 bilateral cooperation agreements with a number of countries such as the U.K., – The first meeting of Indo-Swedish Joint France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Working Group on Environment was held the E.U. etc. Most of these agreements are on 1st December, 2010. Potential areas operated through the mechanism of Joint of cooperation identified with the Central Working Groups. These agreements provide Pollution Control Board include clean mechanism for international interactions and technology and zero- discharge in consultations in the field of environment. polluting industries, air quality management. Besides issues of climate Some of the important Joint Working change, bio-diversity and hazardous Group Meetings which have been held during waste management were also discussed. the period are as under – Paper & Pulp and Pharmaceuticals were inter-alia identified as two major areas – The second meeting of India-Canada of cooperation with Sweden. Forum for Environmental Cooperation was held in New Delhi on 13-14 – A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) September, 2010. Bilateral cooperation for Cooperation in the field of environment issues relating to pollution control, climate protection with Egypt was finalised with change, hazardous waste management, the approval of the Government. Waste bio-diversity and forest management were management, air quality and water discussed in the meeting. Capacity quality, use of bio-fuels, protection of building of Indian scientists/officers in air wetlands and water conservation, etc. are quality monitoring was decided as one of the identified areas of cooperation under the important areas of future cooperation. this MOU.

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United Nations Convention to Combat ground for all UNCCD stakeholders. The Desertification Strategy contains the “strategic objectives” to be achieved over the 10 years, and the The United Nations Convention to Combat “operational objectives” that guide the actions Desertification (UNCCD) is one of the Rio of short and medium-term effects. The strategy Conventions that focuses on desertification, can be downloaded at http://www.unccd.int/ land degradation and drought (DLDD). knowledge/docs/The Strategy leaflet- ‘Desertification’ as defined in the UNCCD english.pdf. refers to land degradation in the drylands (arid, semi arid and dry sub humid regions) India became a signatory to the United resulting from various factors and does not Nations Convention to Combat Desertification connote spread or expansion of deserts. on 14th October 1994 and ratified it on 17th December 1996. With about 32% of its land UNCCD, with 194 Parties recognizes land being affected by land degradation, India has degradation as an important factor affecting high stakes and stands strongly committed to some of the most vulnerable people and implementing the UNCCD. The Ministry of ecosystems in the world. The convention aims Environment and Forests is the nodal Ministry 1313 at adaption and can, on implementation, in the Government of India for the UNCCD, significantly contribute to achieving the and Desertification cell is the nodal point within Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), as the Ministry to co-ordinate all issues pertaining well as sustainable development and poverty to the convention. Additionally, India is also reduction by means of arresting and reversing the Chair of the Regional Implementation land degradation. Annexe for Asia – a group of 55 country The convention promotes sustainable land parties to the UNCCD. management (SLM) as solution to global Though India does not have a specific challenges. Land degradation is long-term policy or legislative framework for combating loss of ecosystem function and productivity desertification as such, the concern for arresting caused by disturbances from which the land and reversing land degradation and cannot recover unaided. While Sustainable desertification gets reflected in many of our Land Management is focused on changes in national policies which have enabling land cover/land use in order to maintain and provisions for addressing these problems. It is enhance ecosystems functions and services. also implicit in the goals of sustainable forest As the Convention enters its second management (SFM), sustainable agriculture, decade, the Parties unanimously adopted the sustainable land management (SLM) and the 10-year strategic plan and framework to overarching goal of sustainable development enhance the implementation of the Convention which the country has been pursuing. The for 2008-2018 (The Strategy) at COP8, held subject has in fact been engaging the attention in Madrid in September 2007. The Strategy of our planners and policy makers since the provides a unique opportunity to address some inception of planning. The first five year plan of the Convention’s key challenges, to capitalize (1951-1956) had ‘land rehabilitation’ as one on its strengths, to seize opportunities provided of the thrust areas. In the subsequent plans by the new policy and financing environment, too, high priority has been consistently attached and to create a new, revitalized common to development of the drylands.

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As per the Desertification and Land Country Partnership Programme (CPP). The Degradation Atlas of India published by the objective of SLEM Programmatic Approach is Space Application Centre in 2007 about to “promote sustainable land management 32.07% of the land is undergoing various and use of biodiversity as well as maintain forms of degradation and 25% of the the capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods geographical area is affected by and services”. Under this SLEM Programmatic desertification. About 69% of the country’s Approach, seven projects have been lands are drylands and degradation of these formulated, and are under various stages of lands has severe implications for the livelihood implementation. and food security of millions. Significant achievements India occupies only 2.4% of the world’s – The 4th National Report was submitted to geographical area, yet supports about 16.7% the UNCCD secretariat on-line in October of the world’s human population; it has only 2010, using the Performance Review and 0.5% of the world’s grazing land but supports Assessment of Implementation System 18% of the world’s cattle population. Thus (PRAIS) established by decision 12/COP there is tremendous pressure on the land- 9. This report, unlike the previous three based natural resources and sustainable land report already submitted, was aligned with management is crucial for sustainable the five (5) Operational objectives and development and also our progress towards Performance Indicators of ‘the Strategy’, attaining the MDG goals including poverty and information was provided on alleviation. Performance indicators for the five India formulated and submitted in 2001 operational objectives of the Strategy; a National Action Programme (NAP) to Financial flows (through the Standardized combat desertification, in accordance with the Financial Annex (SFA) and Programme Convention (UNCCD). A broad roadmap to and Project Sheet (PPS); Best practices on combating desertification, NAP recognizes the sustainable land management (SLM) multi-sectoral nature of the task, in view of technologies, including adaptation; the fact that many of the drivers of Feedback on indicators and desertification have cross cutting dimensions, methodologies applied in this reporting for instance, poverty of the masses has long and review process, as well as other been known to be a key driver of desertification pertinent information that reporting and land degradation, which needs to entities may wish to provide to the COP. addressed. A National Consultative meeting with concerned ministries was organized on To address the issues of Desertification, 17 Aug 2010 and with the Civil Society Land Degradation and Drought (DLDD) and organizations on 14 Sept 2010 to invite build synergy with other RIO conventions inputs into the national report. A validation (UNFCCC & CBD), the Sustainable Land and meeting was held on 01 Oct 2010 to Ecosystem Management Country Partnership finalise the report for submission. The final Program (SLEM CPP) was developed. The SLEM submitted report is available on the Programme is a joint initiative between the ministry website and can be downloaded Government of India (GOI) and the Global at http://moef.nic.in/modules/divisions/ Environmental Facility (GEF), under the latter’s desertification-cell/report2010.

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– A delegation comprising of the National strengthening joint forest management Focal Point for UNCCD and Science and institutions to ensure people’s participation, Technology Correspondent, will be besides encouraging tree growing on private participating in the meeting of the land as well as greening of the urban areas UNCCD’s subsidiary bodies –Ninth in accordance to the objectives envisaged in session of the Committee for the Review various projects under implementation. These of the Implementation of the Convention projects inter-alia also aim at low-key (CRIC 9) and the Second special session economic activities with a view to augment of Committee on Science & Technology the income of the people, employment (CST-S2), Bonn, Germany from 16-25 generation as well as addressing the February 2011. Major discussions focused sustainability in perpetuity once the funding on the analysis of the national reports ceases to flow due to completion of the project. submitted and on development of Impact These projects are reimbursed their actual indicators for reporting in the next cycle. expenditure as per the loan agreements.

– The National Steering Committee for the At present, nine State Sector Forestry Sustainable Land and Ecosystem Projects with an investment of about Rs. 4,615 1313 Management (SLEM) programme was Crores are being implemented in nine States 1313 constituted on 31 March 2010 with the and another project under Central Sector titled mandate to endorse the work plans of the “Capacity Building for Frontline Staff in Forestry SLEM projects and review progress. Sector” with an outlay of Rs. 225 crores is Accordingly, the first NSC meeting was being implemented in 10 States. Details of held on 26 May 2010 and the second projects under implementation, their meeting is scheduled for 03 March 2011. components, project cost, project period, etc. are given in (Table-30). Externally Aided Projects (EAPs) Projects under consideration for external The Externally Aided Projects (EAP) Division assistance deals with the appraisals, approvals and monitoring of Forestry Projects being The following forestry projects have been implemented in the States with assistance from included for consideration under the Rolling external donors. These projects are Plan for FY 2010-12 for external funding: implemented in the States with assistance from Under consideration by Japan external funding agencies viz. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) International Cooperation Agency (JICA), AFD (French Development Agency), World Bank – Tamil Nadu Natural Resource (WB), etc. Management Project- The funds are utilized for promoting – Rajasthan Forestry and Bio-diversity Project afforestation, rehabilitation of degraded forest Phase-II areas, water and soil conservation measures, – Integrated Forestry Development and Bio- farm forestry, agro forestry with the aim to diversity Conservation through People’s increase forest and tree cover as well as to Participation in West Bengal augment availability of fuel wood and fodder, improve the livelihood opportunities and – Integrated Forest Resources Management quality of life of the villagers adjoining forests, Project in Jammu & Kashmir

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Table-30. Details of ongoing projects under financial assistance from various funding agencis.

S. Name of Implementing Cost Funding Components Project (in ` No. the Project Agency/ State Agency Period crores)

1. Integrated Natural Haryana 286 JICA (i) Soil and Water Conservation 2004-05 Resources Management (ii) Plantation model and nursery to and Poverty Reduction development 2010-11 Project in Haryana (iii) Poverty reduction and institution building (iv) Technical assistance (v) Supporting activities (vi) Administration Staff.

2. Tamil Nadu Afforestation Tamil Nadu 567 JICA (i) Integrated Watershed 2005-06 Development project phase-II to (ii) Integrated Tribal Development 2012-13 (iii) Forestry Extension (iv) Urban Forestry (v) Capacity Building Research Support (vi) Human Resources Development (vii) Establishment of Modern Nurseries (viii) Improving the infrastructural facilities (ix) Administration (x) Monitoring and Evaluation

3. Karnataka Sustainable Karnataka 745 JICA (i) Afforestation 2005-06 Forests Management & (ii) Income Generation Activities to for Poverty Alleviation 2012-13 Bio-diversity Conserva- (iii) Biodiversity Conservation tion (iv) Provision of Basic Infrastructure Support for Field work. (v) Supporting Activities for Forest Management (Research and Training, Consultancy, and Enhancement of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Management Information System (MIS)

4. Orissa Forestry Sector Orissa 660 JICA (i) Protection and Conservation of 2006-07 Biodiversity of forests To Development Project (ii) Improving productivity of natural forests. 2012-13 (iii) Providing livelihood options for the people (Support to VSS) (iv) Eco-development and ecotourism activities (v) Catering to commercial and industrial demands. (vi) Capacity building of the Forest Department.

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S. Name of Implementing Cost Funding Components Project No. the Project Agency/ State (in ` Agency Period crores) 5. Swan River Integrated Himachal 162 JICA (i) Afforestation 2006-07 (ii) Civil Work for Soil & River Watershed Management Pradesh To Management 2013-14 Project (iii) Soil Protection & Land Reclamation (iv) Livelihood Improvement (v) Institutional Development

6. Tripura Forest Environ- Tripura 460 JICA (i) Rehabilitation of degraded 2007-08 land. mental and Poverty Alle- To (ii) Rehabilitation of degraded viation Project and available non forest 2014-15 land. (iii) Farm forestry in Private holding. (iv) Eco-Development. (v) Service Support. (vi) Rehabilitation of families engaged in shifting 1313 cultivation. (vii) Interface forestry Development. (viii) Supporting Works

7. Gujarat Forestry Devel- Gujarat 830 JICA (i) (i) Preparatory works 2007-08 (ii) Departmental Forest opment Project - Phase II To Development and 2015-16 Management (iii) JFM Forest Development and Management (iv) Social Forestry Development and Management (v) Forest Research (vi) Communication and Publication (vii) Wildlife Conservation and Management (viii) Monitoring and Evaluation (ix) Phase-out works (x) Consulting Services (including price and physical cont.)

8. Uttar Pradesh Participa- Uttar Pradesh 575 JICA (i) Plantations, regeneration of 2008-09 forests, etc. tory Forest Management To (ii) Institutional Strengthening of 2015-16 and Poverty Alleviation PMU/DMUs/FMUs Project (iii) Rehabilitation of Forest Training Institute at Lucknow. (iv) Communication and Publication. (v) Monitoring and Evaluation. (vi) Physical Contingency (vii) Consulting Services

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S. Name of Implementing Cost Funding Components Project No. the Project Agency/ State (in ` Agency Period crores)

9. Capacity Development Central Sector 225 JICA (i) To improve training 2008-09 to environment for frontline for Forest Management Project 2013-14 staff through the and Training of Personnel rehabilitation of States (5 years (ii) Forests Training Institutes and 3 and through capacity building months) of frontline forestry staff putting emphasis on Joint Forests Management (JFM), thereby strengthening human resource (iii) Development for sustainable forest management.

10. Sikkim Biodiversity Con- Sikkim 330 JICA (i) Forest and biodiversity 2010-11 to conservation servation and Forest 2019-20 (ii) Eco -tourism Management Project (iii) Joint Forests Management (iv) Supporting Activities (v) Consulting Services

Total 4840

– Nagaland Afforestation and Eco- – Non Timber Forests Produce (NTFP) development project – Livelihood possibilities for local rural Under consideration by AFD (French communities in the State of Madhya Development Agency) Pradesh. – Assam Project on Forest and Bio-diversity EAP Division also acts as a nodal point, Conservation being the North-East Cell, in respect of North Eastern States for forestry related matters and Projects under appraisal/ clearance stage following activities: for external assistance – Forest based industrial estates The following projects are proposed to be forwarded to external agencies for – Transportation of forest produce consideration in 2010-11 : – Court cases in Apex Court, etc. – Simultaneous Treatment of Fringe Forest Climate Change and Adjoining Non- forestlands for Introduction Conservation of Water, Bio-diversity, Sustainability of JFM and Poverty Climate Change, as a global Alleviation (Central Sector Project). environmental phenomenon, has received heightened political attention in recent years. – Non Timber Forests Produce – Livelihood Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Inter- Possibilities in Uttarakhand. Governmental Panel on Climate Change

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(2007) has stressed the unequivocal nature of Currently, the international community is human-induced climate change. AR4 projects engaged in negotiating and implementing that climate change, if not addressed, may enhanced actions for achieving the objectives result in rising temperatures, changed rainfall of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol. The patterns, and increased severity and frequency mandate given to the parties to decide on the of floods, droughts and cyclones, which can enhanced actions (including the actions of the severely impact livelihoods, especially of the largest non-Kyoto party emitter i.e. the US) poor in developing countries. and the emissions reduction targets of the developed countries for the 2nd commitment Expert level studies conducted in India period under the Kyoto protocol for the post- indicate that climate change may exacerbate 2012 period is known as the Bali Road Map the problem of existing climate variability in and is the basis of the current negotiations. India. It is projected that, by the end of 21st Following this mandate, the parties took certain century, rainfall in India may increase by 15- decisions at the Cancun Conference held in 40% with high regional variability. Warming December 2010, to make progress, though may be more pronounced over land areas partially on these issues. with northern India experiencing maximum increase. The warming could be relatively Cancun Agreements at CoP 16 1313 greater in winter and post-monsoon seasons. The sixteenth Conference of Parties (COP- The annual mean temperature could increase 16) to UNFCCC held at Cancun from by 3°C to 6°C over the century. November 29-December 10, 2010 took important decisions on the global issues under International regime for climate change negotiations. The Indian delegation to the Recognising the global nature of climate Conference led by Shri Jairam Ramesh, Minister of State (Independent Charge), change, a consensus-based international Environment & Forests played an important regime for addressing climate change was role in facilitating the discussions and reaching agreed in 1992 in form of the United Nations agreements. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention is premised on The Cancun outcomes, termed as Cancun the principle of “common but differentiated Agreements, are in form of a set of decisions responsibilities and respective capabilities” of that seek to advance, though only partially, the member Parties. It recognizes that the the implementation of the Bali Action Plan developed countries who have the largest share and the mandate under the Kyoto Protocol, in historical and current global emissions of together known as the Bali Road Map. The greenhouse gases will address the problem decisions establish a work programme to by reducing their emissions and providing implement the agreements reached on specific financial and technology support to developing issues in the two tracks of negotiations, namely countries to enable them to take mitigation the Long-term Cooperative Action (LCA) under and adaptation actions. The implementation the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol (KP). of the Convention is reviewed by the Conference of Parties (CoP) at its annual The Cancun Agreements are significant meetings. The Kyoto Protocol of the Convention in the contrast which they provide to the sets legally binding targets for GHG reductions negotiations held at Copenhagen in 2009 by industrialized countries (5.2% below their where no decisions could be reached despite aggregate 1990 emissions) during the “first intensive discussions. The Cancun Agreements commitment period”, 2008-2012. seek to create a delicate balance in the

263 Ministry of Environment & Forests obligations of all parties by seeking to build emissions are about 4% only of total global a globally cooperative set of actions, CO2 emissions, India has been conscious of particularly through anchoring/compilation of the global challenge of climate change. India’s the mitigation pledges and actions of strategy for addressing climate change is developed and developing countries. As a reflected in many of its social and economic part of these actions, the Parties have also development programmes. Current agreed, at Cancun, to establish a regime of Government expenditure in India on adaptation measurement, report and verification (MRV) to climate variability exceeds 2.6 per cent of of their commitments and actions in the GDP, with agriculture, water resources, accordance with internationally agreed health and sanitation, forests, coastal zone guidelines. However, one of the key objectives, infrastructure and extreme events, being specific namely, the determination of emission areas of concern. reduction targets of developing countries in the second commitment period of the Kyoto In fulfillment of the international Protocol (KP) is yet to be achieved. obligations under the UNFCCC, India prepares a National Communication The Cancun decisions also set up a (NATCOM) which gives an inventory of the Climate Fund, a Technology Mechanism, an greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in India, Adaptation Framework and a framework of and assesses the vulnerability and impacts. actions on forestry. While, these decisions The NATCOM also makes appropriate represent a forward movement, there are recommendations regarding social, economic several issues of importance that need to be and technological measures for addressing addressed from both, a global as well as a climate change. First NATCOM was presented developing country perspective. Substantial in 2004. The Government is engaged in work remains to be done on strengthening of preparing NATCOM II, which will be presented weak mitigation pledges by developed to the UNFCCC in 2011. Preparation of countries, preventing unilateral trade actions NATCOM II is an exercise based on an in the name of climate change, ensuring equity extensive network of research and scientific in burden sharing in the movement towards institutions in India and draws upon expertise long term goal of climate stabilization, and assistance from different institutions. provision and mobilization of adequate resources for financing climate change related The National Action Plan on Climate actions through multilateral channels, and Change (NAPCC) coordinated by the Ministry sustaining a dialogue on Intellectual Property and implemented through the Nodal Ministries Rights as part of technology development and is aimed at advancing relevant actions in transfer efforts. The discussions on the work specific sectors/areas. Eight national missions programme agreed at Cancun and related in the area of solar energy, enhanced energy issues will continue to take place in two tracks efficiency, sustainable agriculture, sustainable of the Kyoto protocol and the Convention in habitat, water, Himalayan eco-system, the run up to Durban, South Africa (December increasing the forest cover, and strategic 2011) where outcomes are expected to be knowledge for climate change form the core reached. of National Action Plan. The National Missions on Solar, Energy Efficiency, Water, Agriculture Climate Change and India’s actions and Sustainable Habitat have been approved Although India’s contribution to global by the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change. State Governments are also climate change is minimal and its total CO2

264 Annual Report 2010-2011 preparing, under advice of the Central Commission for award of grants to States Government, State Action Plans aimed at linked with environmental protection including creating institutional and programme oriented conservation of forest cover, and funds for capacities to address climate change. These, afforestation earmarked to the States by together with the National Missions will Compensatory Afforestation Management and enhance the climate change related actions Planning Authority (CAMPA) represent important in the public and private domain. steps taken by the Government in this direction. An indicative target of increasing energy Steps have also been taken to increase efficiency by 20% by 2016-17 is already capacity at the institutional level for conducting included in the 11th Five Year Plan. Perform, research into climate change science and Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme will now be making necessary assessments. The Ministry implemented under the National Mission on has set up a network, namely the Indian Enhanced Energy Efficiency, by the Bureau of Network for Climate Change Assessment Energy Efficiency (BEE) in order to achieve this (INCCA) comprising of 127 research institutions goal. The scheme will cover over 700 energy tasked with undertaking research on the science intensive industrial units and will help them of climate change and its impacts on different reduce their energy consumption. sectors of economy across various regions of 1313 India. The Ministry released, in May 2010, Government has announced a domestic India’s Green House Gas (GHG) Emissions mitigation goal of reducing emissions intensity Inventory for 2007 prepared by INCCA. The of GDP by 20-25% by 2020 in comparison 2007 inventory was brought out in order to with 2005 level. This is in line with the increase transparency of estimates of the GHG projections of the energy intensity of India’s emissions in India. With this publication, India output that has shown a declining trend owing became the first ‘non Annex I’ (i.e., developing) to improvements in energy efficiency, country to publish such updated numbers. This autonomous technological changes and constitutes a major step forward to improving economical use of energy. India’s climate the frequency of the preparation of NATCOMs modeling studies show that, even with 8-9% and emissions inventory in India. GDP growth every year for the next decade or two, its per capita emissions will be around The Ministry carried out, in 2010, a major around 3-3.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide assessment of the impacts of climate change equivalent by 2030, as compared with 1-1.2 on four sectors – water resources, agriculture, tonnes, at present. These will be well below forests and human health – in four critical developed country averages by any estimation. regions of India – the Himalayan region, North- East, Western Ghats and coastal prepared by Achieving the domestic goal of lower INCCA. The Report was released by the energy intensity requires significant resources Ministry in November 2010. The Ministry has to be deployed in different sectors of economy. also launched an ambitious project on An Expert Panel appointed by the Planning assessment of ‘black carbon’ and its impact Commission is examining the possible ways on environment in consultation with other in which a low carbon strategy for development agencies of the Government. can be implemented while ensuring inclusive growth. The levy of a cess on coal to generate India’s participation in CDM projects resources for a National Clean Energy Fund continued to see an upward trend during the set up by the Government during 2010, year. By the end of 2010, the total number recommendations made by the 13th Finance of approved projects in India had risen to

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1887 out of which 590 had been registered issues relating to climate change. As a follow by the CDM Executive Board (EB)of the up to the India-China MoU on climate change UNFCCC. The total investment potential of cooperation (2009), a joint India-China the approved projects is `306,260 Crores. workshop on ‘Mountain Eco-systems and The Certified Emission Reduction certificates Climate Change’ was also organized in Beijing (CERs) for the projects approved by the EB on September 29, 2010. A team of Indian are 81.28 million. At a nominal value of US experts led by M/o. Environment and Forests $ 10 per CER, this represents a likely flow of and consisting of representatives of Ministry of around US $ 810 million. India continues to Earth Sciences, M/o. External Affairs and the occupy the second position globally in terms G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment of projects approved by the EB as also in and Development (GBPIHED) participated in terms of the value of CERs earned by the the workshop. approved projects. Efforts were made during the year to Initiatives taken in 2010-11 promote bilateral cooperation in climate change with SAARC, ASEAN and AoSIS Besides following a pro-active policy of countries. At the SAARC Summit held in March, domestic actions, India took several other 2010 in Bhutan, the Prime Minister announced initiatives during the year to advance domestic setting up of a Climate Endowment for SAARC and international actions on climate change. countries. The India-ASEAN Green Fund set The Ministry organised, in collaboration with up during 2008, following the Prime Minister’s the United Nations Department of Economic announcement made during East-Asia Summit and Social Affairs (UNDESA), a Ministerial in 2007, was operationalised in ASEAN Dialogue on ‘Climate Change: Technology Secretariat with the release of initial installment Mechanism’ on 9-10 November, 2010 in of funds by India. Rules for operation of the Delhi. High level representatives from 37 fund were also finalized in consultation with countries and international organizations the ASEAN Secretariat. Mutual understanding participated in the Conference to discuss and with the Association of Small Island States agree on the approach to the structure, (AoSIS) was sought to be enhanced by making function and mechanism of the proposed an offer of a scholarship programme to each Technology Mechanism under the Convention member country of the Small Island Developing for supporting global efforts on technology. States (SIDS). The offer is intended to provide The views piloted by India and emerging from technical assistance and capacity building on the Conference on formation of Technology climate science and climate change studies to Executive Committee (TEC) and Climate the officials and scholars from small island Technology Centers and Network (CTCN) are developing states. The offer is proposed to part of the Cancun agreements on technology be implemented through the Indian Technical and broadly reflect our concerns. and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) administered by the MEA. During the visit of Chinese Premier in December 2010, India and China signed on During 2010, the UN Secretary General December, 16, a Memorandum of Agreement set up two high level panels, one on the for ‘Cooperation on Green technologies’. This issues relating to long term climate change MoU was a sequel to the MoU signed in finance, and the other on issues relating to 2009 on “Cooperation on Addressing Climate global sustainability to advance actions on Change’, reflecting the growing cooperation climate change. India has followed the and synergy between India and China on the developments closely and has also remained

266 Annual Report 2010-2011 engaged in the meetings of several assessment of impacts, vulnerability due international fora such as Major Economies to climate change and associated Forum organized by the US, the Ministerial adaptation needs, and Dialogues convened by the Mexico as the President of COP 16, as also several other – Any other information that the Party multilateral, regional and bilateral initiatives considers relevant to the achievement of with a view to advance global actions on the objective of the Convention and climate change. suitable for inclusion in its communication, including, if feasible, material relevant India’s National Communication to for calculations of global emission trends. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Towards fulfilment of obligation under the India is a Party to the United Nations UNFCCC, India submitted its Initial National Framework Convention on Climate Change Communication to the UNFCCC Secretariat (UNFCCC), the objective of which is to achieve in June 2004, within three years of receipt of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations financial support from the Global Environment in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent Facility (GEF). India is now in the process of 1313 dangerous anthropogenic interference with the 1313 preparing its second National Communication climate system. The Convention enjoins Parties to the UNFCCC. The Ministry of Environment to communicate information about the & Forests is both executing and implementing implementation of the Convention, taking into agency. The UNDP, New Delhi is the GEF account the common but differentiated implementing agency. A wide range of responsibilities and respective capabilities and institutions covering research organizations, their specific regional and national universities, industry associations and non- development priorities, objectives and governmental organizations spread all across circumstances. Article 12 of the Convention India and the relevant government ministries relates to the communication of information and their departments are participating in the pertaining to implementation in accordance with Article 4 (1) of the Convention, whereby preparation of the National Communication. each Party is required to communicate to the Indian Network of Climate Change Conference of the Parties. The elements of Assessment (INCCA) information in the communication are provided in the context of national circumstances and The Indian Network Climate Change include: Assessment (INCCA) is a network based programme of the Ministry to undertake more – A national inventory of anthropogenic ambitious programme of climate change emissions by sources and removals by assessment. The mechanism consists of a sinks of all greenhouse gases not network of Institutions and Scientists from across controlled by the Montreal Protocol, to the country. Studies are undertaken to enhance the extent its capacities permit, using understanding of the phenomenon of climate comparable methodologies to be change and its impact on various sectors of promoted and agreed upon by the the Indian economy and society. This Conference of Parties; programme envisages to cover significant – A general description of steps taken to aspect related to climate change, including, implement the Convention including an for example, the study of black carbon and

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the impact of climate change on glaciers and sector emitted 1100.06 million tons of CO2 on rainfall patterns. The major elements of eq,of which 719.31 million tons of CO2 eq the envisaged programmes on Assessment were emitted from electricity generation and include: 142.04 million tons of CO2 eq from the transport sector. Industry sector emitted 412.55 – Climate Change scenarios for 2030 million tons of CO2 eq. LULUCF sector was – Impact assessment at national level on a net sink. It sequestered 177.03 million tons

water resources, agriculture, forests, of CO2. India’s per capita CO2 eq emissions energy, coastal zone and human health. including LULUCF were 1.5 tons/capita in – Integrated impacts and vulnerability 2007. assessment Climate Change & India: A 4x4 – Developing adaptation frameworks Assessment – A Sectoral and Regional Assessment of Impact of Climate Change Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2030s Under the aegis of Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment a Report on The studies were undertaken in four ‘India’s Greenhouse Gas Emission – 2007 climate sensitive climate sensitive regions of was published in May 2010. This Report the country, viz., Himalayan Region, Western contains updated information on India’s Ghats, North Eastern Region Coastal areas in Greenhouse Gas Emission for the year 2007. the four sectors such as agriculture, water, India has becomes the first developing country forests and health have been analysed and a to publish such updated numbers. The Report titled ‘Climate Change and India: A Assessment has been prepared by 83 Experts 4x4 Assessment – A Sectoral and Regional belonging to 19 Institutions country wide. Analysis for 2030s have been prepared and was released in November 2010. This report This assessment provides information on brings together a review of what is known India’s emissions of Greenhouse gases (carbon about the impacts of climate variability in the Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide) emitted four regions and sectors aforesaid. from anthropogenic activities at national level from Energy; Industry; Agriculture; Waste and The 4x4 Assessment for 2030 provide Land Use land Use change & Forestry implications of climate change on aspects such (LULUCF) as temperature, precipitation, extreme temperature, extreme precipitation, cyclones, The key results given in the Report are storm surges, sea-level rise, impact on as follows agriculture, natural eco-system and bio- The net Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions diversity and impact on human health, water, from India in 2007, that is emissions with frequency of droughts and floods. The Report Land Use Land Use Change & Forestry were also indicates the way forward addressing data 1727.71 million tons of CO2 equivalent (eq) gaps, systematic observations. Regional of which CO2 emissions were 1221.76 million climate modelling with higher resolution, tons; CH4 emissions were 20.56 million tons; capacity building and plan for regional and N2O emissions were 0.24 million tons assessment. GHG emissions from Energy, Industry, National Carbon Aerosol Programme Agriculture, and Waste sectors constituted 58%,

22%, 17% and 3% of the net CO2 eq emissions Under the aegis of INCCA, a National respectively. The GHG emission from Energy Carbon Aerosol Programme (NCAP) is

268 Annual Report 2010-2011 envisaged with a view to enhance our by elevated BC aerosols, if any, on understanding of the sources and estimation Himalayan glacier retreat. of quantities including nature of Aerosols, Two Consultative Meetings have been including Black Carbon (BC), monitoring and organized with Scientists for devising the finally the impact of Black Carbon. The science programme of the study. programme thus attempts to address science questions such as – The study is contemplator Indo-UK Collaborative Research as a multi-institutional network. Programme on Climate Change – Impact and Adaptation - Phase II – The contribution of aerosols, especially black carbon aerosols, to regional This is a joint collaborative research warming. programme between the Government of United Kingdom, Department of Energy and – Role of Black Carbon on atmospheric Climate Change and the Ministry of stability and the consequent effect on Environment and Forests, Government or India. cloud formation and monsoon. The Phase-II of the project was launched – Role of Black Carbon in altering the ability on 11th and 12th May 2009. The institutions of hygroscopic aerosols to act as cloud responsible for undertaking research activities 1313 condensation nuclei. on various components viz., climate change – Role of BC–induced low-level temperature scenarios, national level study on impacts and inversions and their role in formation of vulnerability, socio-economic impact and fog especially over northern India. extreme events and adaptation response to – The response of tropical oceans to large climate change in the States of Orissa and decrease in surface solar heating and the Madhya Pradesh at Table 31. consequent effect on the hydrological As per the annual action plan of the cycle. project, a Review Meeting was held in May, – Role of Black Carbon both as a result of 2010 by the Joint Working Group Co-chaired BC deposition on snow as well as warming by the representative of Ministry and the Table-31. Institutions and Research areas of the Project on Climate Change Name of the Institutions Area of research Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Linking water and agriculture in river basins: Impact of climate change. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune Development and dissemination of high resolution climate change scenario Winrock International India, Delhi Assessment of state level vulnerability and adaptation – a case study in Orissa Development Alternative, New Delhi State level vulnerability and adaptation assessment – a study in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad Socio-economics

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Representative of Department of Energy and atmosphere by high-energy Ultraviolet Climate Change. (UV) radiation from the sun. The radiation breaks down oxygen molecules, releasing Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) free atoms, some of which bond with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. About The Intergovernmental panel on Climate 90 per cent of ozone formed in this way Change (IPCC) is a specialized body jointly lies between fifteen and fifty five kilometers established by the United Nations Environment above the Earth’s surface, called the Programme and World Meteorological Stratosphere. Organization mandated to prepare scientific assessments on various aspects of climate – The stratospheric Ozone Layer absorbs change. The IPCC has been entrusted with the all the harmful UV radiations emanating task of preparing its Fifth Assessment Report from the Sun. It protects plant and animal on Climate Change, inter-alia, the physical life from UV radiation. The UV radiation science basis; impacts, vulnerability and has the potential to cause skin cancer, adaptation; and mitigation of climate change eye cataract, suppress body’s immune based on the published peer-reviewed literature system, decrease crop yield etc. which worldwide after the publication of its Fourth led to the adoption of the Vienna Assessment Report brought out by the IPCC in Convention for the Protection of the Ozone the year 2007. As a nodal ministry in the Government it undertakes and facilitates Layer in 1985 and the Montreal Protocol implementation of various activities of the IPCC on Substances that Deplete the Ozone at both international and national level. Layer in 1987. In India, provisions of the Montreal Protocol and its London The IPCC selected a list of 831 climate Amendment came into effect from 17th change experts worldwide to serve as September, 1992. India also ratified the Coordinating Lead Authors, Lead Authors and Copenhagen Amendment (1992), the Review Editors for preparation of the Fifth Montreal Amendment (1997) and the Assessment report out of which 34 Experts/ Beijing Amendment (1999) on 3rd March, Scientists are from Research Institutions/ 2003. Universities/Government Agencies from India. – India was self sufficient in production of These Experts will contribute towards Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). India was preparation of IPCC 5th Assessment Report to mainly producing and using nine of the be published between 2013 and 2014. These 96 substances controlled under the Experts will also provide contributions to the Synthesis Report to be published in 2014. The Montreal Protocol. These are CFC-11, 32nd Session of IPCC was held in October CFC-12, CFC-113, Carbontetrachloride 2010 at Busan, Korea, at which the IPCC (CTC), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons-22 accepted the list of authors selected for (HCFC-22), Halon-1211, Halon-1301, preparation of AR 5 Report. Methyl Chloroform and Methyl Bromide. These Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) Ozone Layer Protection are used in Refrigeration and Air Introduction and Objectives Conditioning (RAC), foams, fire fighting, – Ozone, a tri-atomic molecule is formed aerosol, fumigation and cleaning naturally in the upper level of the Earth’s applications etc.

270 Annual Report 2010-2011

– The Government of India has entrusted ODS and the products containing ODS. the work relating the Ozone layer The ODS Rules were amended in 2001, protection and implementation of the 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007 to facilitate Montreal Protocol to the Ministry. implementation of ODS phase-out by the enterprises in various sectors. – A detailed India Country Programme for phase out of ODS was prepared in 1993 – These Rules prohibit the use of CFCs in to ensure the phase out of ODS according manufacturing various products beyond to the National Industrial Development 1st January, 2003 except in MDI and other Strategy, without undue burden to the medical purposes. Other ODS such as consumers and the industry and for CTC, halon, methyl chloroform will be st accessing the Protocol’s Financial used upto 1 January, 2010. Further, the Mechanism in accordance with the use of methyl bromide has been allowed st requirements stipulated in the Montreal upto 1 January, 2015. Since HCFCs are used as interim substitute to replace CFCs, Protocol. The Country Programme was these would be allowed upto 1st January, updated in 2006. The Executive 2030. Committee (Ex-Com) of the Multilateral Fund (MLF) at its 49th meeting held in – The latest amendment to the rules, have 1313 July 2006 had approved the Country defined feedstock use of ODS and Programme Update for India. extended the date of registration for enterprises using ODS. – The Ministry has set up the Ozone Cell as a National Ozone Unit to look after and Fiscal Measures to render necessary services to implement – Customs and Excise duty exemption have the Protocol and its ODS phase-out been extended for MLF assisted ODS programme in India. The Ministry has also phase-out projects or expansion of established an Empowered Steering capacity with non-ODS technology during Committee (ESC) Chaired by the Secretary the financial year 2010-2011. (E&F) which is supported by two Standing Activities undertaken so far Committees, Technology and Finance – India has taken a series of fiscal and Standing Committee (TFSC) and Standing regulatory measures to facilitate ODS Committee on Monitoring. These phase-out in the country. Among fiscal Committees are responsible for the measures taken, the Government has implementation of the Montreal Protocol accorded customs and excise duty provisions, review of various policy and exemptions on goods required for ODS implementation options, project approval phase-out projects and new investment and monitoring etc. and expansion of established industries Regulatory Measures with non-ODS technology. In the current financial year i.e. 2010-11 only benefit – The Ozone Depleting Substances of customs duty has been given for the (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 above purpose. The Reserve Bank of India under the Environment (Protection) Act, has issued directions to all financial 1986 has been notified in the Gazette of institutions and commercial banks not to India on 19th July, 2000. These Rules set finance new establishment with ODS the deadlines for phasing out of various technology. Trade in ODS with non-Parties ODS, besides regulating production, to the Protocol has been banned. All ODS consumption, trade, import and export of have brought under the ambit of licensing

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for purpose of both imports and exports. – Data on production, consumption, export, Import of CFCs in India has been banned. import of ODSs is being submitted to the Ozone Secretariat by end of September rd – The UN General Assembly on 23 January, every year. 1995 adopted a resolution 49/114 which proclaims 16th September as the – Organization of Technology and Finance International Day for the Preservation of Standing Committee (TFSC) meetings for recommending ODSs phaseout projects the Ozone Layer, to commemorate the for submission to the MLF Secretariat and signing of the Montreal Protocol on recommending projects for fiscal Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer incentives. In year 2010, two meetings of th which was signed on 16 September, TFSC were held and duty exemption 1987. The International Day for the certificate were issued to ten enterprises. Preservation of the Ozone Layer is – No Objection certificate for 122 celebrated at national and state levels enterprises were issued to DGFT for import since 1995. and export of ODSs and ODSs based – Awareness activities at the national and equipments. state level were organized to sensitize the – Project Management Unit (PMU) was set stakeholders to phase-out the ODS in up in 2002 to implement the CFC and various sectors. The International Ozone CTC National Phase-out Plans. Day function is being organized every year – The phase-out of HCFCs was accelerated in the country on 16th September. by ten years with certain reduction – “Montreal Protocol: India’s Success Story”, schedule vide decision XIX/6 of the 19th posters, stickers are brought out every MOP in 2007. The implementation of year on the occasion of International accelerated phase-out of HCFCs is a challenging task as HCFCs are widely Ozone Day giving latest information on used in various applications like RAC, ODS phase-out in the country and foam manufacturing, solvents, fire technologies adopted. extinguishing etc. and use is growing – A bi-monthly newsletter viz. ‘VATIS because of industrial and Gross Domestic UPDATE-Ozone Layer Protection’ is being Production (GDP) growth in the country. published giving latest information on the India has made a number of innovative efforts to meet the challenges of science of ozone and technical options accelerated phase-out of HCFCs. evolved and used in various sectors all over the globe. – A Roadmap to Phase-out HCFCs was developed describing the long term vision – Participation in the meeting of the Ex- and action plan including the policy Com, Open Ended Working Group instruments for phasing out of production (OEWG), South Asia Network meeting and and consumption of HCFCs in India. joint meting of Regional Ozone Networks, – A detailed Action Plan with clearly Multilateral Environmental Agreement identified activities, responsible Regional Enforcement Network Meeting implementing agency(s)/ organization(s) (MEA-REN), Meeting of the Parties (MOP) and time line for implementation of the and other Montreal Protocol related Roadmap for Phasing out of HCFC’s in meetings. India has also been prepared.

272 Annual Report 2010-2011

Awards & Appreciations received so – Phase out of production of CFCs with effect far from 1st January, 2008, 17 months prior to the Montreal Protocol schedule. Awards & Appreciations received so far – Complete phase-out of production and – The United Nations Environment consumption of CFCs, CTC and halons Programme (UNEP), on the occasion of with effect from 1st January, 2010, except 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol, use of pharma grade CFC’s under Conferred “ The Montreal Protocol Essential Use Nomination (EUN) in Implementers Award, 2007” to the ‘Ozone manufacturing of Metered Dose Inhalers Cell of India’ in recognition of (MDIs) for the year 2010 for Asthma, extraordinary contributions in the effective Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease implementation of the Montreal Protocol (COPD) patients and other respiratory and the global effort to protect the Ozone ailments. Layer. – The Ex-Com of the MLF had approved a – The United Nations Environment total of 301 projects involving MLF Programme, on the occasion of 20th funding of US $257,427,713 for phase- Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol, out of production and consumption of 1313 Conferred “The Montreal Protocol 58,638 ODP tonne. Exemplary Project Recognition” to the ‘Ozone Cell of India’ for its contribution – The Sixteenth International Day for the to the Exemplary Project “Foam Sector Preservation of the Ozone Layer was th Umbrella Project for Conservation to CFC- celebrated in Delhi on 16 September, Free Technology”. In addition to this, 2010. The theme of this year’s ‘Ecological Refrigeration (ECOFRIG)’, International Ozone Day was “Ozone layer ‘Human and Institutional Development in protection: governance and compliance Ecology Refrigeration (HIDECOR)’ and at their best”. Shri Jairam Ramesh, ‘National CFC Consumption Phase-out Hon’ble Minister of State for Environment Plan (NCCoPP)’ and two Industries viz. & Forests (Independent Charge) was the ‘M/s. Kirloskar Copeland Ltd.’ And ‘M/ Chief Guest. Around 650 school children, s. Satya Deeptha Pharmaceuticals’ also policy makers, technocrats and got the Montreal Protocol Exemplary Government officials attended the function. Project Recognition Award. – On this occasion poster, painting, model – “The Stratospheric Ozone Protection making, slogan writing, quiz, skit Award, 2008” was conferred to Dr.A. competitions were organized among Duraisamy, Director, Ozone Cell in school children. Prizes for the best three recognition of his exceptional contribution in each competition were given. The to global environmental protection and publication “Montreal Protocol: India’s for leadership in Ozone Layer protection Success Story” was released and by United States Environmental Protection distributed to the participants on this Agency, Washington, DC. occasion. Achievements – In 2010, the Ex-Com of the MLF during – India has met the following compliance 60th to 62nd meeting had approved US$ targets as per the control schedule of the 406,576 for Institutional Strengthening Montreal Protocol:- Project (ISP) for the years 2010 and 2011

273 Ministry of Environment & Forests

and the preparation of a project for – Reclamation units have been provided at demonstration of a sustainable a number of places and organizations technological, financial and management including Indian Railways to recover, model for disposal of ODS. The 61st Ex- reclaim and reuse the CFCs. Com also approved the 2010 work – The 61st Ex-Com discussed in detail the programme for the CTC phase -out Plan Consolidated Business Plan of the MLF for the consumption and production for the implementation of the Montreal sectors. Protocol for the period 2010-2014. This – Training, workshops were organized for is very crucial period as 2013 freeze and service technicians on good servicing 10% reduction of the baseline in 2015 of practices and retrofitting of CFC based the accelerated phase-out of HCFCs is to refrigeration appliances to non-CFCs. The be catered in this period. There were technicians were drawn from both formal extensive discussions during the plenary and informal sectors. More than 10,000 as well as in the Contact Group formed technicians have been trained under the for this purpose. National CFC Consumption Phase-out – In 30th Meeting of the OEWG was held Plan (NCCoPP). in Geneva, Switzerland from 15th to 18th – The equipment support has been provided June, 2010. The Indian delegation was to the trained technicians under NCCoPP represented by Dr.B.P. Nilaratna, Joint to use good servicing practices in the field Secretary, MoEF and Dr. A. Duraisamy, which has resulted in reduction of use of Director, Ozone Cell, MoEF. An CFCs in servicing sector. Amendment was proposed by a number

Fig-85. Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C) for Environment and Forests, Shri Jairam Ramesh addressing at the ‘International Ozone Day-2010’ celebrations at New Delhi

274 Annual Report 2010-2011

of member countries including USA and establishing the baseline in Article 5 Canada, to bring Phase-down of HFCs Parties. The 22nd MOP acknowledged with under the ambit of the Montreal Protocol. appreciation the efforts of India to bring China, Brazil, India and other member this important issue to attention of the Article 5 countries were not in favour of Parties. The Parties decided to take a note this Amendment. India played key role with appreciation the cooperative manner st during the discussion and finally the in which the 61 Meeting of the Ex-Com amendment was not agreed at the 22nd of the MLF addressed this issue and MOP and it may again come-up at the agreeing on a framework on eligible 31st OEWG scheduled to be held during incremental costs for Article 5 Parties in their transition from the use of HCFCs in July, 2011. India made efforts highlighting pre-blended polyols. the legal, policy and technical aspects against the proposed amendments to the – The National Strategy for Transition to Montreal Protocol as per the guidance Non-CFC MDIs and Plan for Phase-out provided by the High-Level Task Force on of CFCs in the Manufacture of Multilateral Environmental Agreement Pharmaceutical MDIs has been (Montreal Protocol) and the brief-cum- implemented with an accelerated pace. 1313 approach approved by the Hon’ble The Indian MDIs manufacturers have made Minister of State (I/C) for Environment and an excellent progress in phase-out of CFCs Forests. in manufacturing of MDIs. In view of this, India in consultation with MDI – The 22nd MOP to the Montreal Protocol manufacturers has withdrawn the EUN for on Substances that Deplete the Ozone 2011. The 22nd MOP congratulated India Layer was held at the United Nations for its efforts in successful implementation Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand of the National Strategy for Phase-out of from 8th to 12th November, 2010. The CFCs in the Manufacture of Indian delegation was represented by Pharmaceutical MDIs. Dr.B.P. Nilaratna, Joint Secretary, MoEF nd th and Dr. A. Duraisamy, Director, Ozone – The 62 Ex-Com held from 29 November to 3rd December, 2010 Cell, MoEF. An Amendment was proposed discussed in detail the policy issues related by a number of Member Countries to implementation of accelerated phase- including USA and Canada to bring out of HCFCs like funding for 2013 freeze, Phase-down of HFCs under the ambit of incremental costs related to retooling for a Montreal Protocol. China, Brazil, India manufacturing of heat exchangers, phase- and other member Article 5 countries were out of production of HCFCs etc. There not in favour of this Amendment. India were extensive discussions during the played key role during the discussion and plenary as well as contact groups formed finally the amendment was not agreed at for these purposes. India played a key the 22nd MOP and it may again come-up role in the discussions. Some of the issues at the 31st OEWG scheduled to be held will further be discussed during the 63rd during July, 2011. Ex-Com. – India raised the issue of HCFCs in pre- – India has been elected as the Co-opted blended polyols at the 30th OEWG as the Member of the Ex-Com for the year 2011 legal status of the HCFCs in pre-blended with China. India was a Member of the polyols is important as it is needed for Ex-Com for the year 2010.

275 Ministry of Environment & Forests

– The following workshops were conducted Association (RAMA) and Indian during this year: Polyurethane Association (IPUA). – Seven workshops on Good – Training Programs for customs and Servicing Practices and Retrofitting other enforcement officers were of Ice Candy Plants with Open Type organized. Compressor (OTC) from CFC-12 to – Training workshops for refrigeration HCFC-22 were organized by the servicing technicians on good Ozone Cell. service practices to reduce CFC – Six Awareness Workshops for HCFC consumption in servicing sector were Phase-out Management Plan organized. (HPMP), three each in RAC – In addition to these, workshops and Manufacturing and Foam seminars are also being organized Manufacturing sectors were on a regular basis for interaction organized by Refrigeration and Air- with industry, Government bodies conditioning Manufacturers etc.

276 CHAPTER-14 ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION Ministry of Environment & Forests

Personnel Administration recruitment (through Direct Recruitment/ Deputation) as well as promotion under FCS Staff Position (Flexible Complementing Scheme) in the Group The staff strength of the Ministry including ‘A’ Scientific Posts for the Ministry proper, its NAEB, NRCD is given in Table-32. Regional Offices and all the attached/ subordinate offices having such posts in their Recruitment and Promotion of Scientists organizations. Following the re-organisation of the Scientific Departments/Ministries during 1986 Review and Promotion under FCS and the consequent de-linking of the Group Under the Flexible Complementing ‘A’ Scientific posts for the purview of the UPSC Scheme (FCS), involving a two-tier system of and introduction of Flexible Complementing evaluation for review/assessment of the Scheme (FCS), P-III Section was specifically Scientists for their promotion, the screenings/ conceived and created in the Ministry to interviews of Scientists, as tabulated below function as a separate, distinct, centralized were conducted during the current year are and confidential unit for the purpose of given Table-33.

Table-32. Number of employees in various groups and with reservation positions Group Sanctioned Number in Scheduled Scheduled OBCs Physically of Post Strength position Castes Tribes Handicapped A 170 157 16 03 08 02 B 276 225 32 09 09 04 C 429 291 89 14 17 05 Total 875 673 137 26 34 11

The Ministry has outsourced some clerical jobs to tide over the shortage of the staff during the year.

Table-33. Review and assessment of scientists for promotion Organisation Scientists No. of Scientists No. of Scientists Considered for screened in for successful in the Screening interview interview Ministry Proper including 11 07 07 Regional Offices Botanical Survey of India 09 03 03 National Museum of 04 01 01 Natural History National River Conservation 07 05 05 Directorate Zoological Survey of India 29 25 24

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Recruitment mtr. of land at Aliganj, Jorbagh Road, New During the year the following posts of Delhi for construction of its own office building. Scientists (Table 34) were filled by way of Direct The GA Division is working in tandem with Recruitment/Deputation. various agencies involved in the project to complete the building by middle of 2012. In addition to the above, the process to Construction work for the building has since fill up one post of Scientist 'F', one post of started after completion of various procedural Scientist 'E', six posts of Scientists 'C' in Ministry formalities and obtaining statutory clearances (Proper) including Regional offices, one post from various authorities; (iii) the Division has of Scientist 'G' (Director) in Botanical Survey of hired 9754.78 sq.ft. office space from NDMC India, six posts of Scientist 'C' in BSI, one post at Palika Bhavan to decongest the office space of Scientist 'E' plus six posts of Scientist 'B' in at paryavaran Bhavan. Some of Divisions/ NRCD, one post of Scientist 'C' in NMNH and Sections are expected to be relocated shortly one post of Scientist 'B' in Directorate of Forest after renovation of the premises is completed Education is underway. by NDMC in February, 2011. General Administration Indian Forest Service (IFS) Cadre The General Administration (GA) Division Management Division 1414 of the Ministry is entrusted with the responsibility Mandate of procurement of stationery, stores and – The Indian Forest Service (IFS) Cadre equipment for functioning of the Ministry and Management Division is enjoined upon providing essential services to the personnel to handle the business of the Ministry as of the Ministry including transport, the Cadre Controlling Authority for the communication, general upkeep etc. Some of Indian Forest Service (one of the three All the major initiative/activities of the Division India Services). during the year are (i) renovation of the 5th floor B2 wing of Paryavaran Bhavan, which – The total authorized cadre strength of the st was devastated in a fire in April, 2009. The Indian Forest Service as on 1 January, office space measuring about 4000 sq.ft. has 2010 is three thousand thirty four which since been renovated through the CPWD as includes 2115 Direct Recruit and 919 an open office system with modern facilities; Promotion posts. The Total Senior Duty (ii) the Ministry has acquired about 9565 sq. Posts (SDP) in the Indian Forest Service Table-34. Filling of Scientist posts by Direct recuitment/Deputation Zoological Survey of India one post of Scientist ‘G’ (Director) Botanical Survey of India 11 posts of Scientist ‘C’ on Direct Recruitment basis Ministry Proper including Regional 10 posts of Scientist ‘C’ on Direct Recruitment Offices basis, one post of Scientist ‘D’ on Deputation National Museum of Natural History one post of Scientist ‘D’ on Direct Recruitment basis National River Conservation Directorate one post of Scientist ‘C’ on Direct Recruitment basis

279 Ministry of Environment & Forests

are one thousand eight hundred thiry four Progress/Achievements during the year and the remaining under various reserves. – The IFS Cadre Management Division of Besides serving the thiry one Forest the Ministry deals with the broad items of Departments in the States and Union work relating to the Indian Forest Service. Territories managing the country’s natural – Direct Recruitment to the Indian Forest resources, a good number of them work Service. in various Ministries and institutions both in the State and Central Government. – Allocation of IFS Probationers to various State cadres. Main activities of the IFS Cadre Management are : – Up-to-date Civil List of IFS officers is available on the website of this Ministry – Determination of vacancies and framing at www.ifs.nic.in besides, vacancy of rules for Direct Recruitment and circulars, training programme circulars, allocation of cadres to IFS probationers. Rules and Regulations concerning IFS, – Determination of vacancies for indction ACR availability status of IFS officers are of State Forest Service Officersby also hosted on this site for the benefit of promotion into Indian Forest Service, the members of the Service. Each and coordination of Selection Committee every member of Service has been Meeting, Promotion and Determination of provided facility to have his unique e- mail account through NIC on this site Seniority. and members of Service have been – Cadre Review for revision of composition provided facility to update the date and strength of IFS in various cadres. relating to their posting details online for periodical upgradation. – Selection/appointment of IFS officers to various posts under the Central Staffing – Eighty four Direct Recruit officer on the Scheme of the Ministry and to various basis of IFS Examination, two thousand autonomous bodies including Indian eight were inducted into the Service. Council of Forestry Research & Education, – Thirty six State Forest Service officers were Dehradun; Indian Institue of Forest inducted into the Indian Forest Service Managem,ent, Bhopal and Wildlife under IFS (Appointment by Promotion) Institute of India, Dehradun. Regulations, during the year 2008-09. – Facilitation of Selection/Appointment of – About thirty seven IFS officers joined at IFS officers against the Central Staffing various levels under the Central Staffing Scheme of the Department of Personnel Scheme of the Ministry and about ten IFS & Training (DoPT). officers joined under the Central Staffing Scheme of the Department of Personnel – Finalisation of various service matters like & Training inter-cadre transfers, inter-cadre deputations, cadre clearance for – Meeting of the Cadre Review Committee placements/trainings and post retirement were held to review the strength and benefits to the officers. composition of 11 cadres, namely AGMUT, Manipur-Tripura, Rajasthan, – Management of AGMUT cadre including Nagaland, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Andhra promotions, transfers, postings and other Pradesh, tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Uttar service matters. Pradesh and Maharashtra.

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– Thirty-seven Court Cases pending in Service Commission (UPSC) and Department various Courts across the Country were of Personnel and Training (DOPT) as per rules liquidated. Around two hundred fifty Court and procedures laid down on the matter. cases relating to the issues of IFS Cadre During the year, 24 Disciplinary are pending in various Tribunals/Courts Proceedings cases, 12 Appeal cases and 16 all over the Country. Prosecution cases were processed in the – For the first time, on line system for filling Vigilance Division. Of these, eight Disciplinary up of the deputational posts under CSS cases, seven Appeal cases and five Prosecution introduced. cases were finally disposed off. Court cases – Scanning of the ACRs of almost one were pursued in the respective court/CAT thousand eight hundred (out of two Bench. Counter Reply was filed in about 10 thousand eight hundred twenty six) officers cases. Four contempt Petitions were finally was completed and maintained in dropped by the Hon’ble Tribunal. Out of 25 electronic form along with hard copies. complaints received through CVC, five complaints were finally disposed off after Vigilance obtaining and considering the investigation The Vigilance Division is responsible for reports. Other complaints are at various stages 1414 all vigilance/disciplinary matters relating to of investigation/examination. Ten complaints the Indian Forest Service officers both in the received from other sources were also closed Ministry including its attached and subordinate during the year. Thirty four numbers of offices, autonomous organizations/PSUs & IFS application received under RTI Act were also officers posted in the State Governments. The processed and replies sent to the applicants. Vigilance Division functions under the direct The progress on the disposal of DP, Appeal, control of Joint Secretary & Central Vigilance Prosecution, Court cases and RTI cases as Officer (CVO) and overall supervision of well as complaints is reviewed by JS&CVO Secretary, Environment & Forests. from time to time. The Vigilance Division is responsible for About 262 Annual Property Returns as on st examination and processing of Disciplinary 1 January, 2010 were received from Group Cases, Appeals, Reviews and Memorials of ‘A’ & ‘B’ officers of the Ministry as well as Indian Forest Service Officers of all States/ organisations under it, of which 145 APRs Union Territories, Investigation of Complaints, were scrutinised till the end of December, Obtaining & Maintenance of Annual 2010. Immovable Property Returns etc. Cases filed Based on the sensitive posts already in various Benches of Central Administrative identified in the Ministry, rotational transfers Tribunal and Courts in India in connection of officers and staff, who have put in three with the disciplinary matters are also handled years or more in a sensitive post, are made. in Vigilance Division. The prosecution cases Sensitive posts have also been identified in launched against IFS Officers by various States/ various field organisations and rotational Union Territories and also other Officers/Staff transfer from sensitive posts are effected in of the Ministry are also dealt with in Vigilance these organisations as and when required. Division. Vigilance Awareness Week was observed The Division requires frequent consultation in the Ministry during the period from 25th with the Central Bureau of Investigation, October, 2010 to 1st November, 2010 and a Central Vigilance Commission, Union Public pledge was administered by Secretary (E&F)

281 Ministry of Environment & Forests to the officers & staff to bring about integrity Graphical representation of the Parliament and transparency in all spheres of activities Questions replied by the Ministry during 2010- and to work unstintingly for eradication of 11 both in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in corruption in all spheres of life. various sessions are given in Fig-86 and Fig.-87. Parliament Every Question/Answer is classified under Introduction various sub heads of environment as per the The Parliament Division in the Ministry is subject list available with the ENVIS Centre, responsible for co-ordination of all parliament WWF-India. This year subject-wise classified matters related to the Ministry. questions in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha sums up at 759 and 808 respectively. After During the year 2010-11, a total number classification, the total no. of questions in of 1197 Parliament Questions pertaining to both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha rises in various aspects of environment were answered comparison to the unclassified data, because by the Ministry (617 questions in the Lok Sabha, of the fact that a single question can attribute out of which 59 were starred and 558 were to more than one subject sub-head. un-starred. A total of 580 questions were asked in the Rajya Sabha, out of which 76 were Statistical representation depicting the starred and 504 were un-starred). The subject-wise coverage of total no. of questions questions covered a wide range of issues with asked in both the houses of Parliament (Lok which the Ministry is concerned, prominent Sabha and Rajya Sabha) during the year among them being questions related to Wildlife 2010-11 is given in Fig.-88 and Fig.-89. Management, Forest Conservation, EIA, The centre is currently working on the Pollution, Freshwater and Marine Conservation, compendium of Environment in the Indian Climate Change, Environmental Conservation, Parliament: An Analysis 2010 with the joint Environment and Forest Trade Issue, Water consensus of Parliament Section, MoEF. The Management etc. preparation of the Trends & Analysis of the above-mentioned Parliamentary questions The ENVIS Centre at WWF-India, under replied by the Ministry of Environment & Forests ENVIS scheme of the Ministry compiles the and other Ministries related to Environment is above mentioned Parliament Questions as available with the ENVIS Centre at WWF-India. replied by MoEF and other Ministries pertaining Online accessibility is also there with the to various environmental issues. Centre’s website: http://www.wwfenvis.nic.in.

Fig-86. Number of questions replied by the Ministry in all Fig-87. Number of questions replied by the Ministry in all sessions of Lok Sabha during 2010-2011 sessions of Rajya Sabha during 2010-11

282 Annual Report 2010-2011

1414 Fig-88. Subject-wise depiction of questions replied by the Ministry in Lok Sabha during 2010-2011

Fig-89. Subject-wise depiction of questions replied by the Ministry in Rajya Sabha during 2010-2011

During the year 2010-11, the Consultative held thrice and deliberated over the demand Committee of Members of Parliament attached for grants of 2010-11. Senior officers of the to the Ministry held two meeting related to Ministry also held the meeting and discussed Copenhagen Accord & Convention on matters with regard to Lok Sabha and Rajya Biodiversity. The meetings of the Department Sabha. Assurances and Matters raised under related Parliamentary Standing Committee of rule 377 in the Lok Sabha and by way of Science and Technology, Environment and special mention in the Rajya Sabha. Forests of the Members of the Parliament were

283 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Internal Work Study Unit (IWSU) Review of “Induction Material” of the Activities relating to Internal Work Study Ministry has been completed and is available are coordinated by IWS Unit of the Ministry. on the Ministry’s website. This is to ensure timely action by various Information Technology and sections on proper record management and e-Governance strict compliance of various provisions of the manual of office procedure. The Government has recognized Information Technology (IT) as a major tool Progress/Achievements for speedy implementation and monitoring of During the year, one thousand four various schemes and decisions in public hundred twenty one files were sent for review interest. Accordingly, Ministry has embarked from Departmental Records Room (DRR) out on a comprehensive exercise to implement an of which, six hundred fifteen files were weeded e-Governance project titled ‘ENVISION’ with out by various Sections/Divisions. the objective of transforming the functioning In order to have a quick retrieval system of the Ministry and its constituent organizations, and as accurate and permanent data base, and also to transform the way the Ministry the computerization of all the files in the DRR serves its various stakeholders. has been completed through development of – e-Governance project of MoEF called software. This is very helpful in monitoring the ENVISION is “to apply the principles of record management in the Ministry. So for, good governance - transparency, the DRR has completed computerization of rationality, accountability, reduction in more than 18,000 files. time and costs, ease and convenience of Appraisal of nine hundred fifty four citizens and businesses in accessing the recorded files of category ‘B’ or files live for information and services provided by the twenty five years or more have been completed Ministry through different channels e.g. by National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. internet. Five hundred thirty two files have been – It seeks to render services to its various transferred to NAI, after appraisal. stakeholders with accurate, timely and An internal study to assess the man power reliable information and develop a more requirements for various Divisions/ Sections of friendly and hospitable interface with the Ministry has been completed. Most of the public. recommendations in this regard have been – Projects to be implemented in 3 Stages: implemented. Stage 1 (Conceptualization): It includes Work Management Study of scientific and development of vision, objectives, scope non-scientific posts in the Ministry including of transformation envisaged and selection NAEB and NRCD, by the work management of a suitable consultant through a committee with a core member from Staff competitive bidding process. National Inspection Unit (SIU), Department of Institute for Smart Government (NISG) was Expenditure, is under process. engaged for preparing the Request for O&M inspections of the organizations Proposal (RFP) which led to the under the Ministry and Sections/Divisions of engagement of Stage 2 Consultant for the Ministry is a continue process. O&M the Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Inspection Reports of six subordinate/ exercise as well as implementation of Proof autonomous Institution under the Ministry have of Concept (PoC) for the identified been received during the year 2010-11. processes.

284 Annual Report 2010-2011

Stage 2 (Project Development): M/s 10. During the year 2010-11 one thousand PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd. (PwC) five hundred eighty two applications and one was engaged as Stage 2 consultants which hundred eighty nine appeals have been undertook detailed study of the ‘AS-IS’ received. processes and has designed the ‘TO-BE’ Central Public Information Officers (CPIOs) processes under the domain of BPR and Appellate Authority (AAs) have been exercise for regulatory, functional and designated for effective implementation of RTI promotional activities leading to easy Act, 2005. The notification designating CPIOs/ access to information through a website AAs is revised periodically as and when there ensuring paperless office. is change in allocation of work among CPIOs/ Stage 3 (System Integration & Project AAs. All the subordinate offices/Institutions/ Implementation): The Ministry invited Autonomous bodies have been requested to Expression of Interest (EOI) from the periodically revise the Notification for CPIOs/ System Integrators to implement and AAs. maintain ENVISION Solution. The Request for Proposal for Stage 3 consultant was The Transparency Officer has been circulated to the short-listed firms. After designated for the Ministry and the other the receipt of Technical and Financial Bids, subordinate/autonomous organizations/ 1414 institutions have also been requested to evaluation of techno-commercial bids was nominate the transparency officer for their held. The System Integrator will be in respective organization/institutions. place by March 2011. Progress/Achievements made during the Directions from the Central Information year) Commission (CIC) and DoPT, relevant to this Ministry are being circulated to the CPIO/AAs – The Financial Bids received against the for better understanding and implementation circulation of Request for Proposal for of RTI Act. Stage 3 consultant was evaluated. – The IT infrastructure of the Ministry was Periodicals reports being sent regularly to strengthened. DoPT and Central Information Commission. – IT training was provided to about 1400 Protocol Unit officers and staff of the Ministry and the attached offices. – Providing comprehensive protocol arrangements for the Minister/Minister of – Scanning Digitisation of 60,000 Old State of Environment and Forests and Archival Documents at Botanical Survey senior officers of this Ministry. This includes of India, Kolkata were completed. working out the itinerary, booking of – Photographic digitization of 1437 Nos. passage, baggage handling, customs/ of Textile Designs, 3555 Nos. of Natural immigration/ security checks both at the Dyes and 3000 Nos. Of Illustrations in time of Departure/ Arrival of VIPs as well the Old Archival Documents at Botanical as Security Passes for Airport and Reserved/ Survey of India, Kolkata were completed. Ceremonial Launge for MEF. – Strengthened the website of the Ministry. – To receive and see off foreign delegations RTI Cell VIPs who visits Paryavaran Bhavan to meet Minister/Minister of State/Secretary. The Ministry received seven hundred ninety four applications and seventy two appeals – To handle issue/revalidation of under RTI Act, 2005 during the year 2009- Diplomatic/Official Passports and getting

285 Ministry of Environment & Forests

note verbal and arranging visas from grievances by taking up the matter with the Embassies. concerned authorities such as District Magistrates, Municipal Corporations, Pollution – To arrange passes for Independence Day/ Control Boards, State Governments, etc. Most Republic Day for under Secretary and of the complaints related to: above officers of this Ministry. – Unauthorised industries located in – To arrange Domestic/ International residential areas discharging harmful ticketing of Minister/ Secretary (E&F)/ Spl. gases and hazardous effluents in the Secretary/ DGF and various officers of immediate neighbourhood. the Ministry and payment of Bills thereof. – Environmental degradation due to – Handling of work relating to Receptions mismanagement of civic amenities like at Rashtrapati Bhawan for VIPs upto Addl. location of waste dump, water logging Secretary levels. etc. – Examining/ Passing of canteen bills on – Poor maintenance of open areas and hospitality of US & above officers, ITDC, parks; and Ashoka at IGI Airport, Parliament House – Commercial establishments operating (N.Rly Catering), Tea Board/Coffee Board illegally in the residential buildings and VIP Guests of Hon’ble Minister/ causing nuisance to people living in the Minister of State/Secreary. immediate vicinity. – Protocol division provided 603 Air tickets – Non-settlement of payment of salary dues for domestic & International Sectors and and retirement dues, benefits like pension arranged visas & visa notes for around etc. to staff. 152 of different countries during the – During the year, fifty eight grievances were period. received from the general public and staff. Public Grievance Cell The Public Grievance cases are thus monitored regularly at specified time intervals A Grievance Cell has been functioning in in MoEF and the replies are sent to the the Ministry to attend to the complaints of complainants as early as possible. Once the public regarding forestry, environmental matters final replies are sent, the petition is treated as etc. Joint Secretary (Admin.) has been closed and the same is indicated in the nominated as Public Grievance Officer of the statements prepared in respect of Public Ministry. Grievances. The particulars of the Public Grievance The staff of various divisions/sections have Office of the Ministry are as under: been trained by holding one-day video conferencing at Paryavaran Bhavan with the Joint Secretary (Admin.) assistance of Directorate of Administrative Room No.417, (4th Floor), Reform & Public Grievances (DARPG) officials Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, to dispose off the complaints online through Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 Centralised Public Grievance Redress And Tel.: 011-24361712. Monitoring System (CPGRAMS). To run the e-mail: [email protected] Centralised Public Grievances portal, the IDs The general public can meet the Public have been provided to the concerned sections/ Grievance Officer every Wednesday from Divisions in the Ministry for quick disposal of 10.00 AM to 1.00 PM. The main function of grievances/monitoring and issuing reminders the Cell is to ensure timely redressal of public online.

286 Annual Report 2010-2011

Recently, User IDs and Passwords of the incentive schemes were implemented in the concerned sections in the Ministry dealing with Ministry. pensions were also created for operation of Publication of Hindi Magazine the CPENGRAMS Portal launched by the “Paryavaran” Department of Pensions for dealing with public grievance petitions in respect of pensions and Two special issues of “Paryavaran” pensionary matters. magazine on Climate Change and Ozone were brought out. Implementation of Official Language Policy Inspections High Power Committee of Parliament on Introduction Official Language apart from Ministry of Sustained efforts were made to ensure Environment and Forests inspected Forest proper compliance of the Official Language Survey of India, Shimla; Botanical Survey of Policy of the Union, as envisaged in India, Coimbatore; and Botanical Survey of Constitution of India, the Official Languages India (HQ), Kolkata. In addition to these Act, the Official Languages Rules, the Annual inspections, seven Attached/Subordinate Programme and orders issued from time to Offices were also inspected by Joint Secretary/ time. Director (OL) to review the position of All documents coming under the purview implementing Official Language Policy of the 1414 of Sec. 3(3) of the Official Languages Act Union. were issued in Hindi and English bilingual Hindi Fortnight form. The letters received in Hindi and Hindi Fortnight was organized representations/ appeals signed in Hindi were commencing from Hindi Divas 14th September, replied to in Hindi ensuring 100% compliance 2010 during which various Hindi competitions of the Rule 5 and Rule 7(2) of the O.L. Rules. aimed at increasing progressive use of Official Progress of Activities undertaken Language were organized. Employees of the Hindi Salahkar Samiti Ministry, NAEB, NRCD and CCU participated Meeting of Hindi Salahkar Samiti was in these competitions. organised under the Chairmanship of Hon’ble Civil Construction Unit (CCU) Minister of State (Independent Charge). The Civil Construction Unit (CCU) was Official Language Implementation established in March, 1987 for execution of Committee civil works in the Ministry. This unit undertakes Under the Chairmanship of Joint Secretary construction works for all the attached and (OL) meetings of Official Language subordinate offices of the Ministry such as BSI, Implementation Committee was organised in ZSI, FSI, NMNH, IGNFA and autonomous every quarter, wherein position of bodies like IIFM, IPIRTI, WII, ICFRE and implementation of Official Language Policy in GBPIHED. The CCU has constructed a number the Divisions/Sections of the Ministry was of office building, laboratories, museums and reviewed. residential accommodation at various places such as Almora, Dehradun, Bhopal, Delhi, Hindi Workshop Bangalore, Jabalpur, Coimbatore, Hyderabad In every quarter Hindi workshops was and Kozhikode. organised for the officers and staff to enable There are three divisions looking after them to carry out their day to day transaction construction activities throughout India. Two in Hindi. divisions are located at Delhi for works in Incentive Schemes Northern Region and the third division is Aimed at encouraging and motivating the located at Bengaluru for works under Southern employees to increase the use of Hindi, Region.

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Civil Construction Works of the Ministry cost is `13162 lakhs. A Plot of 9565 sqm. are executed by CPWD where CCU does not was allotted to the Ministry in September have its own unit. CCU provides necessary 2009. The land use has been changed inputs for planning and coordinate works being from residential to office building. The executed by CPWD. The management of building would be energy efficient and it budget also rests with CCU. is aimed to obtain platinum rating of Some of the important works in progress LEEDS and five star rating of GRIHA. The by CCU during the year 2010-2011 are: construction of building has started in January 2011 and is targeted to Works Completed completed by the middle of 2012. – Building for North Eastern Regional office – Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural of Ministry of Environment & Forests at History at Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan. Shillong. The estimated cost of the project SH: Museum, Auditorium block and Hostel is `984.32 lakhs. block. The sanctioned cost of the project is `4100/- lakhs. – Two lecture theatre and training officers suits for FRI, Shimla. The estimated cost – The work of girls hostel, reception centre of the project is `139.25 lakhs. and garage for GBPIHED at Kosi Katarmal, Almora with an estimated cost – Auditorium building for RFRI, Jorhat. The of `239.90 lakh. The work is in progress estimated cost of the project is `199.78 and shall be completed by 31st June, lakhs. 2011. – Six type V quarters for IWST at Bengaluru – The development work of BGIR at NOIDA were completed in October 2010 at a consisting of entrance gate, security cabin cost of `167.17 lakhs. and parking etc. with an estimated cost of `153.05 lakhs. It shall be completed – Residential quarters, scientist hostel, tissue by 31st March, 2011. culture lab, garage with dormitory and development works at RFRI, Jorhat. The – Reconstruction of damaged retaining total revised estimated cost of the project walls, CC road and boundary wall etc. at is `549.02 lakhs. different location of GBPIHED at Kosi Katarmal, Almora. There was substantial – Providing vitrified floor tiles in south hostel damage to infrastructure at GBPIHED, (ground floor) of state forest service Almora due to incessant rain in the area college, Dehradun with an estimated cost in September, 2010. Reconstruction of of `76.16 lakhs. infrastructure wherever damaged and – Providing vitrified floor tiles in north hostel protection of structure have been taken (ground floor) of state forest service up in the campus at a cost of `83.03 college, Dehradun with an estimated cost lakhs and shall be completed by of `82.92 lakhs. December, 2011. Works in progress – Improvement of infrastructure (roads, water supply, drainage system and – Construction of Indira Paryavaran Bhawan electrical services) in National Zoological for the Ministry of Environment & Forests Park, New Delhi has been taken up with at Aliganj, New Delhi has been taken up an estimated cost of `424.36 lakhs and during the financial year. The sanctioned shall be completed during 2011-12.

288 CHAPTER-15 PLAN COORDINATION AND BUDGET Ministry of Environment & Forests

Introduction which the actual utilization amounted to `1349.73 crores. The Annual Plan 2008-09, The Plan Coordination Division is second year of the 11th Plan had an approved responsible for the coordination of all plan outlay of `1500.00 crores against which the schemes and programmes of the Ministry in actual utilization amounted to `1483.64 close association with the Planning crores. The Annual Plan 2009-10, third year Commission. This involves preparation, of the 11th Plan had an approved outlay of monitoring and review of Five Year Plans, `1880.00 crores, which had been reduced to Annual Plans and the Annual Action Plans of `1650.00 crores in RE stage, against which the Ministry. The Division also looks after the the actual utilization amounted to `1630.69 monitoring of progress reports and reports crores. In the current financial year 2010-11, under the 20-Point Programme (Point XV item the Ministry has been allocated an outlay of No.52 & 53). `2200.00 crores which an amount of Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) `1558.17 crores has been utilized till January, 2011. Sector wise details are given in Against an approved outlay of Rs.5945 Table-35. crore, the total expenditure of the Ministry during the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-07) The progress of plan schemes are amounted to `5115 crores. For the 11th Five reviewed regularly in the Ministry and necessary Year Plan, the Ministry has been provided corrective action is taken to ensure proper with an outlay of `10000 crores. The Annual and meaningful deployment of resources with Plan 2007-08, first year of the 11th Plan had a view to build up the capacities of the State an approved outlay of `1351 crores against Governments in Forestry and Environment

Table-35. Xth Plan Expenditure, XIth Plan Outlays / Expenditure (` in crores)

Sl. Sector Tenth Plan XI Plan 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 No. Outlay Exp. Outlay Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp.*

1. Environment 1200.00 918.83 1246.01 259.16 224.22 261.38 240.91 291.42 253.03 480.17 365.57 2. National River 1670.00 1543.69 2540.00 340.00 320.94 340.00 326.23 577.33 426.69 751.71 430.68 Conservation Directorate 3. Forestry & 1600.00 1283.55 2943.99 371.61 361.73 475.00 520.66 599.63 572.00 592.12 495.42 Wildlife 4. National 1300.00 1293.40 3150.00 359.23 422.05 398.62 370.95 386.62 354.97 352.00 243.38 Afforestation and Eco- development Board 5. Animal 1475.00 75.11 120.00 21.00 20.79 25.00 24.89 25.00 24.00 24.00 23.12 Welfare Total 5945.00 5114.58 10000.00 1351.00 1349.73 1500.00 1483.64 1880.00 1630.69 2200.00 1558.17

* Utilised till January 2011

290 Annual Report 2010-2011

Sector, for the programmatic variegated in 2010-11, the Annual Plan proposals of the Centrally Sponsored and Central Sector Ministry for 2011-12, the terminal year of the Schemes. 11th Five Year Plan has been approved at `2300.00 crores. The sectoral summary of Annual Plan 2011-12 2011-12 plan proposals is given in As against an outlay of `2200.00 crores Table-36.

Table-36. Plan Outlay for 2011-12 (` in crores)

Sector 2010-11BE 2010-11RE 2011-12BE 1. Environment 480.17 474.45 621.21 2. NRCD 751.71 755.78 751.71 3. Forests & Wildlife 592.12 588.77 573.08 1515 4. NAEB 352.00 357.00 330.00 5. Animal Welfare 24.00 24.00 24.00 Total (1-5) 2200.00 2200.00 2300.00

291