Massive Graviton Geons
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Arxiv:1406.7795V2 [Hep-Ph] 24 Apr 2017 Mass Renormalization in a Toy Model with Spontaneously Broken Symmetry
UWThPh-2014-16 Mass renormalization in a toy model with spontaneously broken symmetry W. Grimus∗, P.O. Ludl† and L. Nogu´es‡ University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics Boltzmanngasse 5, A–1090 Vienna, Austria April 24, 2017 Abstract We discuss renormalization in a toy model with one fermion field and one real scalar field ϕ, featuring a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry which forbids a fermion mass term and a ϕ3 term in the Lagrangian. We employ a renormalization scheme which uses the MS scheme for the Yukawa and quartic scalar couplings and renormalizes the vacuum expectation value of ϕ by requiring that the one-point function of the shifted field is zero. In this scheme, the tadpole contributions to the fermion and scalar selfenergies are canceled by choice of the renormalization parameter δv of the vacuum expectation value. However, δv and, therefore, the tadpole contributions reenter the scheme via the mass renormalization of the scalar, in which place they are indispensable for obtaining finiteness. We emphasize that the above renormalization scheme provides a clear formulation of the hierarchy problem and allows a straightforward generalization to an arbitrary number of fermion and arXiv:1406.7795v2 [hep-ph] 24 Apr 2017 scalar fields. ∗E-mail: [email protected] †E-mail: [email protected] ‡E-mail: [email protected] 1 1 Introduction Our toy model is described by the Lagrangian 1 1 = iχ¯ γµ∂ χ + y χT C−1χ ϕ + H.c. + (∂ ϕ)(∂µϕ) V (ϕ) (1) L L µ L 2 L L 2 µ − with the scalar potential 1 1 V (ϕ)= µ2ϕ2 + λϕ4. -
Boson Stars: Early History and Recent Prospects
BOSON STARS: EARLY HISTORY AND RECENT PROSPECTSa ECKEHARD W. MIELKEb Departamento de F´ısica, Universidad Aut´onoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-534, C.P. 09340, M´exico, D.F., MEXICO FRANZ E. SCHUNCKc Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom Boson stars are descendants of the so–called geons of Wheeler, except that they are built from scalar particles instead of electromagnetic fields. If scalar fields exist in nature, such localized configurations kept together by their self-generated gravitational field can form within Einstein’s general relativity. In the case of complex scalar fields, an absolutely stable branch of such non-topological solitons with conserved particle number exists. Our present surge stems from the speculative possibility that these compact objects could provide a considerable fraction of the non-baryonic part of dark matter. In any case, they may serve as a convenient “laboratory” for studying numerically rapidly rotating bodies in general relativity and the generation of gravitational waves. 1 Introduction If scalar fields exist in nature, soliton-type configurations kept together by their self- generated gravitational field can form absolutely stable boson stars (BS), resembling neutron stars. They are descendants of the so–called geons of Wheeler 140. We will review the history of these hypothetical stars, starting 1968 with the work of Kaup as well as that of Ruffini and Bonazzola. In building macroscopic boson stars, a nonlinear Higgs type potential was later considered as an additional repulsive interaction. Thereby the Kaup limit for boson stars can even exceed the limiting mass of 3.23 M⊙ for neutron stars. -
A Chiral Symmetric Calculation of Pion-Nucleon Scattering
. s.-q3 4 4t' A Chiral Symmetric Calculation of Pion-Nucleon Scattering UNeOo M Sc (Rangoon University) A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics University of Adelaide South Australia February 1993 Aword""l,. ng3 Contents List of Figures v List of Tables IX Abstract xt Acknowledgements xll Declaration XIV 1 Introduction 1 2 Chiral Symmetry in Nuclear Physics 7 2.1 Introduction . 7 2.2 Pseudoscalar and Pseudovector pion-nucleon interactions 8 2.2.1 The S-wave interaction 8 2.3 Soft-pion Theorems L2 2.3.1 Partially Conserved Axial Current(PCAC) T2 2.3.2 Adler's Consistency condition l4 2.4 The Sigma Model 16 2.4.I The Linear Sigma, Mocìel 16 2.4.2 Broken Symmetry Mode 18 2.4.3 Correction to the S-wave amplitude . 19 2.4.4 The Non-linear sigma model 2.5 Summary 3 Relativistic Two-Body Propagators 3.1 Introduction . 3.2 Bethe-Salpeter Equation 3.3 Relativistic Two Particle Propagators 3.3.1 Blankenbecler-Sugar Method 3.3.2 Instantaneous-interaction approximation 3.4 Short Range Structure in the Propagators 3.5 Smooth Propagators 3.6 The One Body Limit 3.7 One Body Limit, the R factor 3.8 Application to the zr.lú system 3.9 Summary 4 The Formalisrn 4.r Introduction - 4.2 Interactions in the Cloudy Bag Model . 4.2.1 Vertex Functions 4.2.2 The Weinberg-Tomozawa Term 4.3 Higher order graphs 4.3.1 The Cross Box Interaction 4.3.2 Loop diagram 4.3.3 The Chiral Partner of the Sigma Diagram 4.3.4 Sigma like diagrams 4.3.5 The Contact Interaction 4.3.6 The Interaction for Diagram h . -
Strongly Coupled Fermions on the Lattice
Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE December 2019 Strongly coupled fermions on the lattice Nouman Tariq Butt Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Butt, Nouman Tariq, "Strongly coupled fermions on the lattice" (2019). Dissertations - ALL. 1113. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/1113 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Since its inception with the pioneering work of Ken Wilson, lattice field theory has come a long way. Lattice formulations have enabled us to probe the non-perturbative structure of theories such as QCD and have also helped in exploring the phase structure and classification of phase transitions in a variety of other strongly coupled theories of interest to both high energy and condensed matter theorists. The lattice approach to QCD has led to an understanding of quark confinement, chiral sym- metry breaking and hadronic physics. Correlation functions of hadronic operators and scattering matrix of hadronic states can be calculated in terms of fundamental quark and gluon degrees of freedom. Since lat- tice QCD is the only well-understood method for studying the low-energy regime of QCD, it can provide a solid foundation for the understanding of nucleonic structure and interaction directly from QCD. Despite these successes problems remain. In particular, the study of chiral gauge theories on the lattice is an out- standing problem of great importance owing to its theoretical implications and for its relevance to the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. -
Optimized Probes of the CP Nature of the Top Quark Yukawa Coupling at Hadron Colliders
S S symmetry Article Optimized Probes of the CP Nature of the Top Quark Yukawa Coupling at Hadron Colliders Darius A. Faroughy 1, Blaž Bortolato 2, Jernej F. Kamenik 2,3,* , Nejc Košnik 2,3 and Aleks Smolkoviˇc 2 1 Physik-Institut, Universitat Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (A.S.) 3 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: We summarize our recent proposals for probing the CP-odd ik˜t¯g5th interaction at the LHC and its projected upgrades directly using associated on-shell Higgs boson and top quark or top quark pair production. We first recount how to construct a CP-odd observable based on top quark polarization in Wb ! th scattering with optimal linear sensitivity to k˜. For the corresponding hadronic process pp ! thj we then present a method of extracting the phase-space dependent weight function that allows to retain close to optimal sensitivity to k˜. For the case of top quark pair production in association with the Higgs boson, pp ! tth¯ , with semileptonically decaying tops, we instead show how one can construct manifestly CP-odd observables that rely solely on measuring the momenta of the Higgs boson and the leptons and b-jets from the decaying tops without having to distinguish the charge of the b-jets. Finally, we introduce machine learning (ML) and non-ML techniques to study the phase-space optimization of such CP-odd observables. -
John A. Wheeler's Lessons to an Undergraduate Student
Phys. Status Solidi C 6, No. 11, 2253–2259 (2009) / DOI 10.1002/pssc.200982051 c solidi pssstatus www.pss-c.com physica current topics in solid state physics John A. Wheeler’s lessons to an undergraduate student Allen P. Mills, Jr.* University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA Received 15 January 2009, accepted 6 February 2009 Published online 16 October 2009 PACS 01.60.+q, 01.65.+g * e-mail [email protected] The author had the good fortune to write his May 1961 Junior ing the paper were preserved and are exhibited here. While research paper “Determination of the Curvature Tensor” un- not valuable scientifically, this material is presented to illus- der the guidance of Professor John Archibald Wheeler (July trate the teaching lavished on an undergraduate and some- 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008). By a series of miraculous mishaps thing about the character and philosophy of the teacher. several of Wheeler’s note sheets as well as his letter critiqu- © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 Private lessons I attended Princeton University Hall, upon whose roof Prof. Robert H. Dicke would later and graduated in the Class of 1962. I had the good fortune mount his microwave apparatus for detecting the Big Bang to write my May 1961 Junior research paper “Determina- [4] and his telescope for measuring the oblateness of the tion of the Curvature Tensor” under the guidance of Pro- sun as a test of the Brans-Dicke scalar-tensor gravity the- fessor John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, ory [5]. -
Einstein and Møller Energy-Momentum Distributions for the Static Regular Simpson–Visser Space-Time
S S symmetry Article Einstein and Møller Energy-Momentum Distributions for the Static Regular Simpson–Visser Space-Time Irina Radinschi 1,†, Theophanes Grammenos 2,†, Gargee Chakraborty 3,†, Surajit Chattopadhyay 3,† and Marius Mihai Cazacu 1,*,† 1 Department of Physics, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; [email protected] 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, 383 34 Volos, Greece; [email protected] 3 Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Kolkata, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, India; [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (S.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Energy-momentum localization for the four-dimensional static and spherically symmetric, regular Simpson–Visser black hole solution is studied by use of the Einstein and Møller energy- momentum complexes. According to the particular values of the parameter of the metric, the static Simpson–Visser solution can possibly describe the Schwarzschild black hole solution, a regular black hole solution with a one-way spacelike throat, a one-way wormhole solution with an extremal null throat, or a traversable wormhole solution of the Morris–Thorne type. In both prescriptions it is found that all the momenta vanish, and the energy distribution depends on the mass m, the radial coordinate r, and the parameter a of the Simpson–Visser metric. Several limiting cases of the results Citation: Radinschi, I.; obtained are discussed, while the possibility of astrophysically relevant applications to gravitational Grammenos, T.; Chakraborty, G.; lensing issues is pointed out. Chattopadhyay, S.; Cazacu, M.M. Einstein and Møller Keywords: Energy-Momentum Distributions for Simpson–Visser black hole; energy-momentum localization; Møller energy-momentum; the Static Regular Simpson–Visser Einstein energy-momentum Space-Time. -
Yukawa Potential Orbital Energy: Its Relation to Orbital Mean Motion As Well to the Graviton Mediating the Interaction in Celestial Bodies
Hindawi Advances in Mathematical Physics Volume 2019, Article ID 6765827, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6765827 Research Article Yukawa Potential Orbital Energy: Its Relation to Orbital Mean Motion as well to the Graviton Mediating the Interaction in Celestial Bodies Connor Martz,1 Sheldon Van Middelkoop,2 Ioannis Gkigkitzis,3 Ioannis Haranas ,4 and Ilias Kotsireas4 1 University of Waterloo, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3G1, Canada 2University of Western Ontario, Department of Physics and Astronomy, London, ON N6A-3K7, Canada 3NOVA, Department of Mathematics, 8333 Little River Turnpike, Annandale, VA 22003, USA 4Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3C5, Canada Correspondence should be addressed to Ioannis Haranas; [email protected] Received 25 September 2018; Revised 25 November 2018; Accepted 4 December 2018; Published 1 January 2019 Academic Editor: Eugen Radu Copyright © 2019 Connor Martz et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research on gravitational theories involves several contemporary modifed models that predict the existence of a non-Newtonian Yukawa-type correction to the classical gravitational potential. In this paper we consider a Yukawa potential and we calculate the time rate of change of the orbital energy as a function of the orbital mean motion for circular and elliptical orbits. In both cases we fnd that there is a logarithmic dependence of the orbital energy on the mean motion. Using that, we derive an expression for the mean motion as a function of the Yukawa orbital energy, as well as specifc Yukawa potential parameters. -
Topics in Two-Dimensional Heterotic and Minimal Supersymmetric Sigma Models
Topics in Two-dimensional Heterotic and Minimal Supersymmetric Sigma Models A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Jin Chen IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy Prof. Arkady Vainshtein May, 2016 c Jin Chen 2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to my advisor, Arkady Vainshtein, for his step by step guidance, constant encouragement and generous support throughout these years at University of Minnesota. Arkady has been a knowledgeable, passionate, and also patient advisor, mentor and friend to me. He teaches me physics knowledge and ways of thinking, fosters my independent study, as well as tolerates my capriciousness and digressions on research. Besides conduct of research, I also got greatly enjoyed and influenced by Arkady's optimistic and humorous personality during countless discussions and debates with him. I also want to express my special appreciation and thanks to Misha Shifman, who co- advised me and provided many insightful ideas on research and precious suggestions on my physics career during these years. Misha introduced me the topic on heterotic sigma model years ago and led me to this long but fascinating journey, while at that time I was not able to appreciate the beauty of the topic yet. I would like to thank Sasha Voronov. Arkady introduced me to Sasha. I learned from him how to calculate characteristic classes of the Grassmannian manifolds which was a key step in my research. I thank Sasha, Ron Poling and Misha Voloshin for serving on my thesis committee as well. -
1. Introduction
TWO-QUARK BOUND STATES: MESON SPECTRA AND REGGE TRAJECTORIES 1 2 G. Ganbold • t and G.V. Efimov1 (1) Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, Dubna (2) lnstitute of Physics and Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar 1' E-mail: ganbold@thsunl .jinr. ru Abstract We consider simple relativistic quantum field models with the Yukawa interaction of quarks and gluons. In the presence of the analytic confinement there exist bound states of quarks and gluons at relatively weak coupling. By using a minimal set of free parameters (the quark masses and the confinement scale) and involving the mass-dependent coupling constant of QCD we satisfactorily explain the observed meson spectra and the asymptotically linear Regge trajectories. 1. Introduction The conventional theoretical description of colorless hadrons within the QCD implies they are bound states of quarks and gluons considered under the color confinement. A realisation of the confinement is developed in [l, 2] by using an assumption that QCD vacuum is realized by the self-dual homogeneous vacuum gluon field. Accordingly, this can lead to the quark and gluon confinement as well as a necessary chiral symmetry breaking. Hereby, propagators of quarks and gluons in this field are entire analytic fonctions in the p2-complex plane, i.e. the analytic confinement takes place. On the other hand, there exists a prejudice to the idea of the analytic confinement (for example, [3]). Therefore, it seems reasonable first to consider simple quantum field models in order to investigate only qualitative effects. In our earlier paper [4] we considered simple scalar field models to clarify the "pure role" of the analytic confinement in formation of the hadron bound states. -
Remark on the QCD-Electroweak Phase Transition in a Supercooled Universe
Remark on the QCD-electroweak phase transition in a supercooled Universe Dietrich B¨odeker1 Fakult¨at f¨ur Physik, Universit¨at Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany Abstract In extensions of the Standard Model with no dimensionful parameters the elec- troweak phase transition can be delayed to temperatures of order 100 MeV. Then the chiral phase transition of QCD could proceed with 6 massless quarks. The top- quark condensate destabilizes the Higgs potential through the Yukawa interaction, triggering the electroweak transition. Based on the symmetries of massless QCD, it has been argued that the chiral phase transition is first order. We point out that the top-Higgs Yukawa interaction is non-perturbatively large at the QCD scale, and that its effect on the chiral phase transition may not be negligible, violating some of the symmetries of massless QCD. A symmetry breaking top-quark condensation would then happen in a second-order phase transition, a symmetry-breaking first-order transition could occur in the light-quark sector. First-order phase transitions are interesting for cosmology because they can leave ob- servable relics such as the baryon asymmetry of the universe [1,2], gravitational waves [3], or large scale magnetic fields [4]. In the Standard Model there is neither an electroweak, nor a QCD, or quark-hadron phase transition: both electroweak symmetry [5, 6] and the approximate symmetries of QCD get broken in a smooth crossover [7, 8] However, in nearly scale-invariant extensions of the Standard Model there can be a first-order electroweak phase transition, and, furthermore, it can have very peculiar fea- tures: The decay rate of the metastable high-temperature phase can be tiny down to very low temperatures, so that the universe supercools well below the critical tempera- ture [9–12]. -
The Higgs As a Pseudo-Goldstone Boson
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Física Teórica The Higgs as a pseudo-Goldstone boson Memoria de Tesis Doctoral realizada por Sara Saa Espina y presentada ante el Departamento de Física Teórica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid para la obtención del Título de Doctora en Física Teórica. Tesis Doctoral dirigida por M. Belén Gavela Legazpi, Catedrática del Departamento de Física Teórica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, 27 de junio de 2017 Contents Purpose and motivation 1 Objetivo y motivación 4 I Foundations 9 1 The Standard Model (SM) 11 1.1 Gauge fields and fermions 11 1.2 Renormalizability and unitarity 14 2 Symmetry and spontaneous breaking 17 2.1 Symmetry types and breakings 17 2.2 Spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry 18 2.2.1 Goldstone theorem 20 2.2.2 Spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry in QCD 21 2.3 Spontaneous breaking of a gauge symmetry 26 3 The Higgs of the SM 29 3.1 The EWSB mechanism 29 3.2 SM Higgs boson phenomenology at the LHC: production and decay 32 3.3 The Higgs boson from experiment 34 3.4 Triviality and Stability 38 4 Having a light Higgs 41 4.1 Naturalness and the “Hierarchy Problem” 41 4.2 Higgsless EWSB 44 4.3 The Higgs as a pseudo-GB 45 II Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) 49 5 Effective Lagrangians 51 5.1 Generalities of EFTs 51 5.2 The Chiral Effective Lagrangian 52 5.3 Including a light Higgs 54 5.4 Linear vs.