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“The Bench and Bar of St. Paul” (1890)

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“The Bench and Bar of St. Paul” (1890) By Hiram F. Stevens ─•─ Table of Contents Section Pages Introduction..........................................................................2-9 The Bench and Bar of St. Paul...........................................11-73 Lawyers and Judges....................................................11-66 The Courts...................................................................66-73 Profiles of Major Subscribers..........................................74-177 Hiram F. Stevens..........................................................75-79 Willis A. Gorman...........................................................79-87 James H. Davidson.......................................................88-92 Charles N. Bell.............................................................92-94 Charles E. Flandrau....................................................94-103 Walter H. Sanborn....................................................103-107 William P. Clough......................................................107-109 John Espy................................................................109-114 Henry J. Horn...........................................................114-116 Charles D. Kerr........................................................117-121 George L. Otis..........................................................121-126 William W. Erwin.......................................................126-134 Warren H. Mead.......................................................134-137 George L. Becker.....................................................137-142 Jacob Mainzer..........................................................142-145 Henry Hale...............................................................145-148 Edward Simonton.....................................................148-151 Charles D. Gilfillan....................................................151-154 Wescott Wilkin..........................................................154-158 John B. Sanborn.......................................................158-168 William P. Murray......................................................168-177 Related Articles...................................................................178 ─•─ Introduction By Douglas A. Hedin Editor, MLHP An oversized book with an oddly abbreviated title, History of St. Paul , Minn. , edited by General Christopher Columbus Andrews, was published in 1890, a quarter century after the end of the War of Rebellion. The city’s pop- ulation had increased tenfold since the War, and threefold just in the last decade ─from 12,976 in 1865, to 20,030 in 1870, 41,473 in 1880, 111,397 in 1885 and 133,156 in 1890. 1 It was the state capitol, the heart of state politics, a commercial, marketing, shipping and financial center, 2 and a magnet for young lawyers. 3 1 William Watts Folwell, 3 A History of Minnesota 480, 487 (Minn. Hist. Soc., 1969) (pub- lished first, 1926). 2 In his remarks at the dedication of the St. Paul City Hall-Ramsey County Courthouse on November 21, 1932, Frank Kellogg, once a pillar of the local bar and then a justice on the World Court, recalled the attraction of St. Paul a few decades earlier: In the early territorial days the man who left the East, the older settled parts of the country, which was still new, to go to the western land, undeveloped, required youth, vigor, courage and, ambition, and it was only the strong men who came out here to Minnesota to develop this great Northwest. In those days Minnesota was the frontier; St. Paul was the door to that undeveloped great Northwest. There was much to invite the young man of the East. There was much to stir the imagination in those days, for between us and the Pacific was an unbroken wilderness, unknown to but few of the white men and reaching to the great El Dorado—California. St. Paul was the terminus, you might say; it was the jumping off place, and the men that came here and helped to build the history of the city and the state and the great Northwest were strong and vigorous and hopeful men. “Dedication of the St. Paul-City Hall-Ramsey County Courthouse” 12-13 (MLHP, 2013-2015) (delivered first, 1932). 3 In his Preface, General Andrews explains why the city “has some claims on public attention”: In its early days it was a place which, to many now living in the older com- munities of our country, seemed about as remote as does Sitka at the present time. Before the names of Kansas and Nebraska had been heard the city of St. Paul was familiar in the American mind as an outpost of civilization in the far off Northwest, and found on the maps just below the Falls of St. Anthony. Steadily growing from year to year by accessions of population from every section of the Union, as well as from foreign climes, and owing its advancement to the courage, energy and public spirit of its citizens as much as to natural causes; forming as it does a prominent gateway of inter-State and international traffic; and being likewise the commercial and political capital of one of the favored and promising States of the Union; why should not the record of its first half century furnish matter of interest and instruction? And surely if such a memorial has 2 General Andrews’ History had two parts. The first has chapters on city’s history, various professions and industries. It includes a chapter on the “bench and bar” prepared by Hiram Stevens, a local lawyer. Here the transformation of the city bar in the 1880s can be seen. The founders, who came to Minnesota before statehood, were passing away. Isaac Van Etten died in 1873, William Sprigg Hall in 1875, Willis Gorman in 1876, George Bradley in 1879, Lorenzo Ellis in 1883, Aaron Goodrich in 1887, and Henry Masterson in 1888, among others. As they were leaving, dozens of young lawyers from Midwest and Eastern states were arriving. They were college- educated, many law school graduates who were already members of the bar of their native states. A few were foreign-born. Here is a sampling: William A. Barr, twenty-seven, attended Columbia Law School, admitted to the bar at Brooklyn 1882, and removed to St. Paul 1883, Morton Barrows, thirty-three, educated at Harvard College and Boston University Law School, admitted to the bar of Suffolk county, Mass., in June, 1883, and moved to St. Paul that October. Frank Ford, thirty-two, educated at Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, graduated Law School of the Cincinnati College in May 1882, ad- mitted to the bar on June 2d, and removed to St. Paul November 1, 1882. Edwin A. Jaggard, twenty-nine, educated at Dickinson College and the University of Pennsylvania, admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in June 1882, and came to St. Paul in November of that year. Joseph Kling, thirty-four, educated at the Brooklyn College and Polytechnic Institute, and Columbia College Law School, admitted to the bar at Brooklyn in 1875, and came to Minnesota in 1880. Charles G. Lawrence, thirty-four, lived in Nashville, Tennessee, and at St. Albans, Vermont, where he studied law, continued at the Law Department of the Michigan University, admitted to bar in December 1881, and moved to St. Paul in April of the following year. W. H. Lightner, thirty-two, graduated the University of Michigan in 1877, came to St. Paul in August 1878, and admitted to the bar in October 1880. interest for the present time, it will have very much more interest and value for the future. 3 Maurice F. Propping, forty-one, attended Real School at Rochester, N. Y., where he was admitted to the bar October 7, 1880, on his twenty-first birthday, and immediately came to Minnesota Edward G. Rogers, forty-five, born at St. Joseph, Mich., attended the law department of the University of Michigan; admitted to the bar at Dartford, Wis., in September 1864, and came to St. Paul in November 1866. Walter H. Sanborn, forty-two, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1867, moved to St. Paul in 1870, and admitted to the bar the following year. Gebhard Willrich, thirty-five, attended the gymnasium at Aldenberg and at Kiel in Germany, was admitted to the bar in St. Louis, Mo., in 1876, and moved to St. Paul in 1880. Not all stayed; some were pulled farther west. Those who remained were involved in public affairs well into the next century. Some served on the city council and city commissions, others in the state legislature, a few on the bench. Their contributions to the city, county and state are incalculable. There was a high degree of optimism among St. Paul barristers in 1890, and that is evident in the glowing self-sketches they placed in Andrews’s book. But that spirit did not last. The Panic of 1893 triggered one of the worst depressions in the nation’s history. Prosperity returned but inevitably was interrupted by financial panics and political turmoil. The populist uprising crested in the tumultuous presidential campaign of 1896, followed by the Spanish American War, the Progressive Era, whose effects we still experience in our daily lives, the Great War, the supposedly tranquil Twenties and the Great Depression. All this lay ahead of the generation of those lawyers who “removed” to St. Paul in the 1870s and 1880s. ─•─ Andrews’s History was published by subscription, which explains its unusual format. Stevens’s chapter on the bench and bar has profiles of about 265 subscriber-lawyers. The amount of the subscription fee was likely based on the number of lines of the profile. Most were three or four sentences, but a few splurged on a short paragraph. Each subscriber-lawyer-author did not hesitate to tout his superior
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