Grammar Cheat Sh!T

Name: Date: Grammar Cheat Sh!t

Directions: Use this cheat sheet to help you review and prepare for “The Grammar Game.”

Fragment Run-On Sentence A group of words that does not form a complete thought This occurs when you have two or more complete It’s a dependent clause or phrase, meaning, a group of sentences combined without using the proper punctuation words that can’t stand alone, but rather, depends on or conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). another group of words to make a complete sentence. In grammar terms, it’s when you have multiple independent (Did you notice that the first phrase above, used to define clauses in one sentence, but you’ve forgotten your a fragment, IS A FRAGMENT?!?) punctuation or conjunction.

Independent Clause Dependent Clause A group of words that includes a subject and a predicate A clause that cannot stand alone, but needs another clause and forms a complete thought (a sentence!) to form a complete thought (This is similar to a fragment.) Dependent clauses often start with a subordinate Example: I received my driver’s license. conjunction (see below) (subject: I, predicate: received) Example: When I received my driver’s license

Subordinate Conjunctions A word or phrase that provides a transition between two ideas in a sentence or draws attention to which phrase in the sentence is more important

Example: Even though her hands were shaking nervously, Madeline stepped up to the piano, ready to begin her recital.

Common Subordinate Conjunctions after even though when although if where as once whether because since while before unless who even if until why

Simple Sentences: - One independent clause - Independent clause Example: I walked across the street.

Compound Sentences: - Two ore more independent clauses combined with a comma and a conjunction or a semi-colon. - Independent clause + , + conjunction + independent clause Example: I looked both directions, and I walked across the street. - Independent clause + ; + independent clause Example: I looked both directions; I walked across the street

Complex Sentences: - An independent clause combined with at least one dependent clause - Independent Clause + dependent clause. Example: I look both directions before walking across the street. - Dependent clause + , + independent clause. Example: Before walking across the street, I looked both directions.

Compound-Complex Sentences: - Two or more independent clauses combined with one or more dependent clauses - Dependent clause + , + independent clause + , + conjunction + independent clause. Example: While walking to the store, I looked both directions, and I crossed the street. - Independent clause + dependent clause + , + conjunction + independent clause. Example: I crossed the street while walking to the store, but I looked both directions first. - Independent clause + , + conjunction + independent clause + dependent clause. Example: I looked both directions, and I crossed the street while on my way to the store.