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Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London o Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 186 Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers edited by Edwin A. Dawes Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, Hull, U.K. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Biosynthetic Biodegradable Polymers of Industrial Interest from Microorganisms Sitges, Spain May 26-31, 1990 library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Biosynthetic, Biodegradable Polymers of Industrial Interest from Microorganisms (1990 : Sitges, Spain) Novel biodegradable microbial polymers proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Biosynthetic, Biodegradable Polymers of Industrial Interest from Microorganisms, Sitges, Spain, May 26-31, 1990 I edited by Edwin A. Dawes. p. cm. -- (NATO ASI series. Series E, Applied sciences; vol. 186)' "PublIshed in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Inc ludes index. lSBN-13: 978-94-010-7458-2 e-1SBN-13:978-94-009-2129-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-2129-0 1. Microbial polymers--Congresses. I. Dawes, Edwin A. (Edwin Alfred) II. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. SCIentific Affairs Division. III. Title. IV. Series: NATO ASI series. Series E, Appl ied sciences; no. 186. OR92.P59N37 1990 576'.11924--dc20 90-5224 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7458-2 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O_ Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U_S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P_O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers and copyright holders as specified on appro­ priate pages within Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo­ copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. NATO - ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP NEW BIOSYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST FROM MICROORGANISMS Organizing Committee Co-Directors R.C. Fuller - U.S.A. R.W. Lenz - U.S.A. Committee E.A. Dawes - U.K., Proceedings Editor R. Guerrero - Spain H.G. Schlegel- FR.G. A.lB. Zehnder - The Netherlands PREFACE The NATO Advanced Research Workshop from which this book derives was conceived during Biotec-88, the Second Spanish Conference on Biotechnology, held at Barcelona in June 1988. The President of the Conference, Dr. Ricardo Guerrero, had arranged sessions on bacterial polymers which included lectures by five invited participants who, together with Dr. Guerrero, became the Organizing Committee for a projected meeting that would focus attention upon the increasing international importance of novel biodegradable polymers. The proposal found favour with the NATO Science Committee and, with Dr. R. Clinton Fuller and Dr. Robert W. Lenz as the co-Directors, Dr. Edwin A. Dawes as the Proceedings Editor, and Dr. Hans G. Schlegel, Dr. Alexander J.B. Zehnder and Dr. Ricardo Guerrero as members of the Organizing Committee, the meeting quickly took shape. To Dr. Guerrero we owe the happy choice of Sitges for the venue, a pleasant coastal resort 36 kilometres from Barcelona, which proved ideal. The sessions were held at the Palau de Maricel in appropriately impressive surroundings, and invaluable local support was provided by Mr. Jordi Mas-Castella and by Ms. Merce Piqueras. Much of the preparatory work fell upon the broad shoulders of Mr. Edward Knee, whose efforts are deeply appreciated. The Organizing Committee hopes that this Workshop will prove to be the first of a series which will aim to keep abreast of a rapidly expanding and exciting area of research that is highly relevant to environmental and industrial interests. EDWIN A. DAWES vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Organizing Committee wishes to thank the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and also the U.S. Department of the Navy's Office of Naval Research for the financial support which made this Workshop possible. They are also indebted to the following organizations which contributed to the support of the Workshop as corporate sponsors: btF biotechnologische Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H. CIBA - Geigy Ltd DSM Research EJ. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc. Gesellschaft ftir biotechnologische Forschung m.b.H. Johnson & Johnson Company Marlborough Biopolymers Ltd. (ICI pIc) Pharmacia LEO Therapeutics AB Proctor & Gamble Company Rohm and Haas Company Shell Research Ltd. U.S. Army - Natick Research, Development & Engineering Center viii PARTICIPANTS A.l ANDERSON, Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K. E. ATKINS, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K. A. BALLISTRERI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and Institute for the Chemistry and Technology of Polymeric Materials, 95125 Catania, Italy. PJ. BARHAM, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K. H. BRANDL, Mikrobiologie Institut fur Pflanzenbiologie, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. M.W. BREEDVELD, Department of Microbiology, Agricultural University, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands. H.l BRIGHT, Office of Naval Research, 800 North Quincy Street, Arlington, VA 22217, U.S.A. D. BYROM, ICI Biological Products, ICI PLC, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 lLB, U.K. D.C. CAMERON, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A. E. CHIELLlNI, Instituto di Chimical Organico e Industriale, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy. lE. CLARK, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284, U.S.A. V. CRESCENZI, Departimento di Chimica, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185 Roma, Italy. S. DABI, Johnson & Johnson Co., Personal Products, Research and Development Division, Miltown, NJ 08850, U.S.A. E.A. DAWES, Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K. D.E. DENNIS, Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22087, U.S.A. Y. DOl, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. G. EGGINK, Ato Agrotechnologie, Agrotechnological Research Institute, Haagsteeg 6, Postbus 17,6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. R. FERRER, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. R.C. FULLER, Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. K. GAGNON, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. H. van GEMERDEN, Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands. D. GILMORE, Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. ix x R GROSS, Department of Chemistry, University of Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, U.S.A. P. GUERIN, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique et Macromoleculaire, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35700 Rennes, France. R GUERRERO, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. 1. GUEZENNEC, IFREMER, Centre de Brest, BP 70, 29280 Plouzane, France. H. HA~VORSON, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A. UJ. HANGGI, btF Biotechnologische, St. Peter Strasse, A-4020 Linz, Austria. F. HERMES, Department of Academic & Scientific Contacts, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands. G.W. HUISMAN, Department of Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. D. JENDROSSEK, Institut ftir Mikrobiologie, UniversitiH G6ttingen, D-3400 G6ttingen, F.R.G. B.-W. KIM, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. EJ. KNEE, Jr., Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. I.S. KULAEV, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, USSR Academy of Sciences, 142292 Pushchino, Moscow Region, USSR. R.M. LAFFERTY, Technische Universitat, Institute for Biotechnology, Sch10egalgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RW. LENZ, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. T. LINDELL, Pharmacia Straffanstrop,
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