New Mesh Headings for 2019 Listed in Alphabetical Order with Heading, Scope Note, Annotation (AN), Previous Indexing (PI), and Tree Locations
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Protabase Record Display Datura Stramonium L
Protabase Record display www.prota.org Datura stramonium L. Protologue Sp. pl. 1: 179 (1753). Family Solanaceae Chromosome number 2n = 24 Vernacular names Thorn apple, green thorn apple, Jimson weed, Jamestown weed, devil’s apple, devil’s trumpet, stramonium (En). Pomme épineuse, stramoine, datura, feuille du diable, herbe du diable (Fr). Figueira do inferno, pomo espinhoso, erva dos bruxos, palha verde, estramonio (Po). Muranha (Sw). Origin and geographic distribution Datura stramonium is native to the Americas and has been introduced in many tropical, subtropical and even temperate regions. It is a naturalized weed in many African countries, but is probably seriously under-reported. Uses Datura stramonium and Datura metel L. have largely similar medicinal uses throughout the world. The most widely known use of Datura stramonium and of other Datura species is for relieving asthma, cough, tuberculosis and bronchitis by smoking the dried leaves, roots or flowers. ‘Asthma cigarettes’ have been shown to be very effective in some cases, but in other cases they had little or no effect. Cigarettes made with the leaves are also used to treat Parkinson’s disease. A decoction or infusion of leaves is given as a sedative to mental and schizophrenic patients. The leaves are applied as a dressing to cure rheumatic pain, swellings, wounds, gout, burns, ingrown toe-nails, fungal infections, tumours and ulcers. Dried pulverized leaves are dusted on wounds or applied after mixing the powder with fat or Vaseline. In DR Congo pounded fresh root and fresh leaves are soaked in water and the liquid is given in enema as an abortifacient. -
Nightshade”—A Hierarchical Classification Approach to T Identification of Hallucinogenic Solanaceae Spp
Talanta 204 (2019) 739–746 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Talanta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Call it a “nightshade”—A hierarchical classification approach to T identification of hallucinogenic Solanaceae spp. using DART-HRMS-derived chemical signatures ∗ Samira Beyramysoltan, Nana-Hawwa Abdul-Rahman, Rabi A. Musah Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Plants that produce atropine and scopolamine fall under several genera within the nightshade family. Both Hierarchical classification atropine and scopolamine are used clinically, but they are also important in a forensics context because they are Psychoactive plants abused recreationally for their psychoactive properties. The accurate species attribution of these plants, which Seed species identifiction are related taxonomically, and which all contain the same characteristic biomarkers, is a challenging problem in Metabolome profiling both forensics and horticulture, as the plants are not only mind-altering, but are also important in landscaping as Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry ornamentals. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry in combination with a hierarchical classification workflow Chemometrics is shown to enable species identification of these plants. The hierarchical classification simplifies the classifi- cation problem to primarily consider the subset of models that account for the hierarchy taxonomy, instead of having it be based on discrimination between species using a single flat classification model. Accordingly, the seeds of 24 nightshade plant species spanning 5 genera (i.e. Atropa, Brugmansia, Datura, Hyocyamus and Mandragora), were analyzed by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) with minimal sample preparation required. -
COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone During SARS-Cov-2 Infection
pharmaceuticals Review COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Katarzyna Kotfis 1,* , Kacper Lechowicz 1 , Sylwester Drozd˙ zal˙ 2 , Paulina Nied´zwiedzka-Rystwej 3 , Tomasz K. Wojdacz 4, Ewelina Grywalska 5 , Jowita Biernawska 6, Magda Wi´sniewska 7 and Miłosz Parczewski 8 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmacokinetics and Monitored Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 3 Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 4 Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 5 Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] 6 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 7 Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 8 Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: katarzyna.kotfi[email protected]; Tel.: +48-91-466-11-44 Abstract: In March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared Citation: Kotfis, K.; Lechowicz, K.; a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The clinical course of the disease is Drozd˙ zal,˙ S.; Nied´zwiedzka-Rystwej, unpredictable but may lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and pneumonia leading to P.; Wojdacz, T.K.; Grywalska, E.; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). -
Oregon Medicaid PA Criteria for Fee-For-Service Prescriptions
Oregon Medicaid Pharmaceutical Services Prior Authorization Criteria HEALTH SYSTEMS DIVISION Prior authorization (PA) criteria for fee-for-service prescriptions for Oregon Health Plan clients March 29, 2017 Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................... 6 About this guide ......................................................................................................................................... 6 How to use this guide ................................................................................................................................. 6 Administrative rules and supplemental information .................................................................................. 6 Update information .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Effective March 29, 2017 .......................................................................................................................... 7 Substantive updates and new criteria ............................................................................................. 7 Clerical changes ............................................................................................................................ -
Inhibition of G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying K Channels by Phencyclidine
244 Current Neuropharmacology, 2011, 9, 244-246 Inhibition of G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels by Phencyclidine Toru Kobayashi1,2,*, Daisuke Nishizawa1 and Kazutaka Ikeda1 1Division of Psychobiology, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, 2-1-8 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8585, Japan; 2Department of Project Programs, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan Abstract: Addictive drugs, such as opioids, ethanol, cocaine, amphetamine, and phencyclidine (PCP), affect many functions of the nervous system and peripheral organs, resulting in severe health problems. G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK, Kir3) channels play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability through activation of various Gi/o protein-coupled receptors including opioid and CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Furthermore, the channels are directly activated by ethanol and inhibited by cocaine at toxic levels, but not affected by methylphenidate, methampheta- mine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) at toxic levels. The primary pharmacological action of PCP is blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels that are associated with its psychotomimetic effects. PCP also interacts with several receptors and channels at relatively high concentrations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the various effects of PCP remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of PCP on GIRK channels using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. PCP weakly but significantly inhibited GIRK channels at micromolar concentrations, but not Kir1.1 and Kir2.1 channels. The PCP concentrations effective in inhibiting GIRK channels overlap clinically relevant brain concentrations in severe intoxication. The results suggest that partial inhibition of GIRK channels by PCP may contribute to some of the toxic effects after overdose. -
(DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact
pharmaceuticals Review Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca Alkaloids N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact Andreia Machado Brito-da-Costa 1 , Diana Dias-da-Silva 1,2,* , Nelson G. M. Gomes 1,3 , Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira 1,2,4,* and Áurea Madureira-Carvalho 1,3 1 Department of Sciences, IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; [email protected] (A.M.B.-d.-C.); ngomes@ff.up.pt (N.G.M.G.); [email protected] (Á.M.-C.) 2 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 3 LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 4 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.D.-d.-S.); [email protected] (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.) Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 20 October 2020; Published: 23 October 2020 Abstract: Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic botanical beverage originally used by indigenous Amazonian tribes in religious ceremonies and therapeutic practices. While ethnobotanical surveys still indicate its spiritual and medicinal uses, consumption of ayahuasca has been progressively related with a recreational purpose, particularly in Western societies. The ayahuasca aqueous concoction is typically prepared from the leaves of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing Psychotria viridis, and the stem and bark of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of harmala alkaloids. -
Fall TNP Herbals.Pptx
8/18/14 Introduc?on to Objecves Herbal Medicine ● Discuss history and role of psychedelic herbs Part II: Psychedelics, in medicine and illness. Legal Highs, and ● List herbs used as emerging legal and illicit Herbal Poisons drugs of abuse. ● Associate main plant and fungal families with Jason Schoneman RN, MS, AGCNS-BC representave poisonous compounds. The University of Texas at Aus?n ● Discuss clinical management of main toxic Schultes et al., 1992 compounds. Psychedelics Sacraments: spiritual tools or sacred medicine by non-Western cultures vs. Dangerous drugs of abuse vs. Research and clinical tools for mental and physical http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0703.htm disorders History History ● Shamanic divinaon ○ S;mulus for spirituality/religion http://orderofthesacredspiral.blogspot.com/2012/06/t- mckenna-on-psilocybin.html http://www.cosmicelk.net/Chukchidirections.htm 1 8/18/14 History History http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/01/10/hallucinogenic- weapons-the-other-chemical-warfare/ http://rebloggy.com/post/love-music-hippie-psychedelic- woodstock http://fineartamerica.com/featured/misterio-profundo-pablo- amaringo.html History ● Psychotherapy ○ 20th century: un;l 1971 ● Recreaonal ○ S;mulus of U.S. cultural revolu;on http://qsciences.digi-info-broker.com http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/feature/c/38031/ http://en.wikipedia.org/nervous_system 2 8/18/14 Main Groups Main Groups Tryptamines LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Ibogaine Other Ayahuasca, Fly agaric Phenethylamines MDMA, Mescaline, Myristicin Pseudo-hallucinogen Cannabis Dissociative -
Eplerenone Prevented Obesity- Induced Inflammasome Activation and Glucose Intolerance
235 3 T WADA and others Eplerenone attenuates 235:3 179–191 Research chronic inflammation Eplerenone prevented obesity- induced inflammasome activation and glucose intolerance Tsutomu Wada1, Akari Ishikawa1, Eri Watanabe1, Yuto Nakamura1, Yusuke Aruga1, Hayate Hasegawa1, Yasuhiro Onogi1, Hiroe Honda2,3, Yoshinori Nagai2,4, Kiyoshi Takatsu2,3, Yoko Ishii5, Masakiyo Sasahara5, Daisuke Koya6, Hiroshi Tsuneki1 and Toshiyasu Sasaoka1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan 2Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Correspondence 3Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan should be addressed 4JST, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan T Sasaoka or T Wada 5Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Email 6Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract Obesity-associated activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is implicated Key Words in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance; however, influences of mineralocorticoid f Endocrinology renin-angiotensin system of receptor (MR) inhibition remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the anti- f glucose metabolism inflammatory mechanisms of MR inhibition using eplerenone, a selective MR antagonist, f mineralocorticoid in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Eplerenone prevented excessive receptor Journal body weight gain and fat accumulation, ameliorated glucose intolerance and insulin f NLRP3 inflammasome, adipose tissue macrophage resistance and enhanced energy metabolism. In the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), eplerenone prevented obesity-induced accumulation of F4/80+CD11c+CD206−- M1-adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) and reduction of F4/80+CD11c−CD206+-M2-ATM. Interestingly, M1-macrophage exhibited lower expression levels of MR, compared with M2-macrophage, in the ATM of eWAT and in vitro-polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). -
5994392 Tion of Application No. 67375.734 Eb3-1685, PEN. T
USOO5994392A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,994,392 Shashoua (45) Date of Patent: Nov.30, 1999 54 ANTIPSYCHOTIC PRODRUGS COMPRISING 5,120,760 6/1992 Horrobin ................................. 514/458 AN ANTIPSYCHOTICAGENT COUPLED TO 5,141,958 8/1992 Crozier-Willi et al. ................ 514/558 AN UNSATURATED FATTY ACID 5,216,023 6/1993 Literati et al. .......................... 514/538 5,246,726 9/1993 Horrobin et al. ....................... 424/646 5,516,800 5/1996 Horrobin et al. ....................... 514/560 75 Inventor: Victor E. Shashoua, Brookline, Mass. 5,580,556 12/1996 Horrobin ................................ 424/85.4 73 Assignee: Neuromedica, Inc., Conshohocken, Pa. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 30009 6/1981 European Pat. Off.. 21 Appl. No.: 08/462,820 009 1694 10/1983 European Pat. Off.. 22 Filed: Jun. 5, 1995 09 1694 10/1983 European Pat. Off.. 91694 10/1983 European Pat. Off.. Related U.S. Application Data 59-025327 2/1984 Japan. 1153629 6/1989 Japan. 63 Continuation of application No. 08/080,675, Jun. 21, 1993, 1203331 8/1989 Japan. abandoned, which is a continuation of application No. 07/952,191, Sep. 28, 1992, abandoned, which is a continu- (List continued on next page.) ation of application No. 07/577,329, Sep. 4, 1990, aban doned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 07/535,812,tion of application Jun. 11, No. 1990, 67,375.734 abandoned, Eb3-1685, which is a continu-PEN. T. Higuchi et al. 66 Prodrugs as Noye Drug Delivery Sys 4,933,324, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. -
HANDBOOK of Medicinal Herbs SECOND EDITION
HANDBOOK OF Medicinal Herbs SECOND EDITION 1284_frame_FM Page 2 Thursday, May 23, 2002 10:53 AM HANDBOOK OF Medicinal Herbs SECOND EDITION James A. Duke with Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin Judi duCellier Peggy-Ann K. Duke CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Peggy-Ann K. Duke has the copyright to all black and white line and color illustrations. The author would like to express thanks to Nature’s Herbs for the color slides presented in the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duke, James A., 1929- Handbook of medicinal herbs / James A. Duke, with Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Judi duCellier, Peggy-Ann K. Duke.-- 2nd ed. p. cm. Previously published: CRC handbook of medicinal herbs. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-1284-1 (alk. paper) 1. Medicinal plants. 2. Herbs. 3. Herbals. 4. Traditional medicine. 5. Material medica, Vegetable. I. Duke, James A., 1929- CRC handbook of medicinal herbs. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Medicine, Herbal. 2. Plants, Medicinal.] QK99.A1 D83 2002 615′.321--dc21 2002017548 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
800.438.7199 Fax: 805.964.1329 Local: 805.683.1561 Web: on Facebook.Com/Sanmarcosgrowers
Toll Free: 800.438.7199 Fax: 805.964.1329 Local: 805.683.1561 Web: www.smgrowers.com On facebook.com/SanMarcosGrowers Since 1979, when San Marcos Growers first began, we have always strived to provide California's independent retail garden centers and landscape professionals with well grown, high quality plants, that are appropriate to California's mediterranean climate. After thirty two years, this still remains our primary goal. Others may be focusing elsewhere, but we remain firmly committed to the independent retailers and landscape professionals that have long been loyal to us. We thank our customers for their continued business and offer them this 2011 catalog with many exciting new plants, but no overall price increases. We also remain committed to the fact that water remains a precious and limited commodity. To this end we continue to expand our line of water conserving succulents and plants from mediterranean climates, including many from our own California flora. This catalog has 145 new plants, which are all listed at the back of this catalog and are accompanied within the catalog body with a star ( ). Of these new plants, 56 are succulents, bringing the total number of succulents we now grow to 379, and 29 are California native plants, bringing our total of native plants to 156. We also are proud to offer 9 new plants from the UC Santa Cruz Koala Blooms Australian Native Plant program and so now are growing 29 great plants from this program and bringing to 190 the total number of different Australian plants that we currently grow. -
Cytochrome P450 3A Time-Dependent Inhibition Assays
DMD Fast Forward. Published on April 2, 2021 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000356 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Cytochrome P450 3A Time-Dependent Inhibition Assays are Too Sensitive for Identification of Drugs Causing Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interactions: A Comparison of Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes and Definition of Boundaries for Inactivation Rate Constants Heather Eng, Elaine Tseng, Matthew A. Cerny, Theunis C. Goosen, and R. Scott Obach Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut Downloaded from dmd.aspetjournals.org at ASPET Journals on September 27, 2021 Page 1 of 36 DMD Fast Forward. Published on April 2, 2021 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000356 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Running title: Sensitivity of CYP3A Time-Dependent Inhibition Assays Corresponding authors: Heather Eng; Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340; [email protected]. R. Scott Obach; Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340; [email protected]. Number of text pages: 17 Number of tables: 2 Downloaded from Number of figures: 5 dmd.aspetjournals.org Number of references: 86 Number of words in Abstract: 217 Number of words in Introduction: 1289 at ASPET Journals on September 27, 2021 Number of words in Discussion: 1658 List of nonstandard abbreviations: ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; AUCR, area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio; CYP, cytochrome P450; DDI, drug-drug interaction; HHEP, human hepatocyte; HLM, human liver microsome; KI, inhibition constant; kinact, maximal rate of enzyme inactivation; kobs, rate constant for inhibition; LC-MS/MS, tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; M-I, metabolite-intermediate; m/z, mass to charge ratio; PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; TDI, time-dependent inhibition; v/v, volume per volume ratio Page 2 of 36 DMD Fast Forward.