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Thyroid Follicular Adenoma: Benign Or Malignant?
Volume 4 Number 3 Medical Journal of the ['ayiz1369 Islamic Repuhlit of Imn Rabiolawwal141 I F:llll990 THYROID FOLLICULAR ADENOMA: BENIGN OR MALIGNANT? HOSSEIN GHARIB, M.D. From fhe Division of Endocrillology and !lIlernal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo FOll1uiafion, Rochester, MillllCSOla, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Four patients are described in whom a follicular carcinoma developed following thyroidectomy for a benign follicular neoplasm. It is possible that the initial thyroid neoplasm was a well- differentiated follicular carcinoma which was microscopically indistinguishable from a benign adenoma. Realizing this pathologic pitfall in thyroid diagnosis, the need for meticulous examination of the pathologic specimen is emphasized. Long- term postop erative reassessment is recommended. MIIRI, Vol. 4, No.3, 173-176, 1990 INTRODUCTION CASE REPORTS Follicular adenoma is the most common type of Case I cellular thyroid adenomas. 1 There is considerable de A 49-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of bate whether follicular adenoma of the thyroid, a metastatic thyroid carcinoma. She was in good health benign neoplasm, is a precancerous lesion which occa until six months earlier when she complained of ins om- sionally may be mistaken for a carcinoma2.30n the nia and nervousness. Two months before admission a other hand, several published reports indicate that a routine chest x-ray revealed metastatic nodules in both follicular adenoma which appears benign by conven lungs. Extensive laboratory tests and radiographic tional histologic criteria, may demonstrate malignant studies were negative. A diagnostic left thoracotomy behavior."·() showed ,dow grade thyroid cancep. and she was refer This report describes four patients whose thyroid red for further examination. -
Comprehensive Assessment of TERT Mrna Expression Across a Large Cohort of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumours
cancers Article Comprehensive Assessment of TERT mRNA Expression across a Large Cohort of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumours Ana Pestana 1,2,3, Rui Batista 1,2,3, Ricardo Celestino 1,2,3,4 , Sule Canberk 1,2,5, Manuel Sobrinho-Simões 1,2,3,6 and Paula Soares 1,2,3,7,* 1 Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (M.S.-S.) 2 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal 3 Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal 4 School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal 5 Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 6 Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal 7 Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-220-408-800 Received: 10 June 2020; Accepted: 6 July 2020; Published: 9 July 2020 Abstract: The presence of TERT promoter (TERTp) mutations in thyroid cancer have been associated with worse prognosis features, whereas the extent and meaning of the expression and activation of TERT in thyroid tumours is still largely unknown. We analysed frozen samples from a series of benign and malignant thyroid tumours, displaying non-aggressive features and low mutational burden in order to evaluate the presence of TERTp mutations and TERT mRNA expression in these settings. -
Genetic Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nuclear Architecture: an Overview Comparing Pediatric and Adult Populations
cancers Review Genetic Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nuclear Architecture: An Overview Comparing Pediatric and Adult Populations 1, 2, 2 3 Aline Rangel-Pozzo y, Luiza Sisdelli y, Maria Isabel V. Cordioli , Fernanda Vaisman , Paola Caria 4,*, Sabine Mai 1,* and Janete M. Cerutti 2 1 Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; [email protected] 2 Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (M.I.V.C.); [email protected] (J.M.C.) 3 Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-000, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.) These authors contributed equally to this paper. y Received: 29 September 2020; Accepted: 26 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Simple Summary: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents 80–90% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. PTC has a high rate of gene fusions and mutations, which can influence clinical and biological behavior in both children and adults. In this review, we focus on the comparison between pediatric and adult PTC, highlighting genetic alterations, telomere-related genomic instability and changes in nuclear organization as novel biomarkers for thyroid cancers. Abstract: Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population that is highly associated with disease aggressiveness and advanced disease stages when compared to adult population. -
Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Encapsulated, Nonencapsulated, and Diffuse: Distinct Biologic and Clinical Entities
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Encapsulated, Nonencapsulated, and Diffuse: Distinct Biologic and Clinical Entities Sachin Gupta, MD; Oluyomi Ajise, MD; Linda Dultz, MD; Beverly Wang, MD; Daisuke Nonaka, MD; Jennifer Ogilvie, MD; Keith S. Heller, MD; Kepal N. Patel, MD Objective: To examine genotypic and clinical differ- tions in BRAF, H-RAS 12/13, K-RAS 12/13, N-RAS 12/13, ences between encapsulated, nonencapsulated, and dif- H-RAS 61, K-RAS 61, N-RAS 61, and RET/PTC1. fuse follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC, NFVPTC, and diffuse FVPTC, respectively), Results: No patient with EFVPTC had central lymph node to characterize the entities and identify predictors of their metastasis, and in this group, 1 patient (4.5%) had a BRAF behavior. V600E mutation and 2 patients (9%) had RAS mutations. Of the patients with NFVPTC, none had central lymph Design: Retrospective medical chart review and mo- node metastasis (PϾ.99) and 2 (11%) had a BRAF V600E lecular analysis. mutation (P=.59). Of the patients with diffuse FVPTC, all had central lymph node metastasis (PϽ.001), and 2 (50%) Setting: Referral center of a university hospital. had a BRAF V600E mutation (P=.06). Patients: The pathologic characteristics of 484 con- Conclusions: FVPTC consists of several distinct sub- secutive patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who types. Diffuse FVPTC seems to present and behave in a underwent surgery by the 3 members of the New York more aggressive fashion. It has a higher rate of central University Endocrine Surgery Associates from January nodal metastasis and BRAF V600E mutation in compari- 1, 2007, to August 1, 2010, were reviewed. -
Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising from a Dermoid Cyst: a Rare Malignancy in Young Women and Review of the Literature
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 51 (2012) 421e425 www.tjog-online.com Case Report Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a dermoid cyst: A rare malignancy in young women and review of the literature Cem Dane a,*, Murat Ekmez a, Aysegul Karaca b, Aysegul Ak c, Banu Dane d a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey b Department of Family Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey c Department of Pathology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey d Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey Accepted 3 November 2011 Abstract Objective: Benign or mature cystic teratomas, also known as dermoid cysts, are composed of mature tissues, which can contain elements of all three germ cell layers. Malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma is more common in postmenopausal women, however, it can also, rarely, be identified in younger women. We present a case of a 19-year-old woman with malignant transformation of an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Case Report: Our case was a 19-year-old woman, who was diagnosed postoperatively with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a mature cystic teratoma. She underwent right cystectomy for adnexal mass. Postoperative metastatic workup revealed a non-metastatic disease and the patient did not undergo any further treatment. After 2 months, a near-total thyroidectomy was performed. Serum thyroglobulin levels were monitored on follow-up and the patient is asymptomatic. -
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2: an Overview Jessica Moline, MS1, and Charis Eng, MD, Phd1,2,3,4
GENETEST REVIEW Genetics in Medicine Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: An overview Jessica Moline, MS1, and Charis Eng, MD, PhD1,2,3,4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Clinical Description of MEN 2 .......................................................................755 Surveillance...................................................................................................760 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (OMIM# 171400) ....................756 Medullary thyroid carcinoma ................................................................760 Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (OMIM# 155240).....................756 Pheochromocytoma ................................................................................760 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (OMIM# 162300) ....................756 Parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia ...................................................761 Diagnosis and testing......................................................................................756 Hypoparathyroidism................................................................................761 Clinical diagnosis: MEN 2A........................................................................756 Agents/circumstances to avoid .................................................................761 Clinical diagnosis: FMTC ............................................................................756 Testing of relatives at risk...........................................................................761 Clinical diagnosis: MEN 2B ........................................................................756 -
A Marker to Distinguish Follicular Thyroid Adenoma from Carcinoma'
[CANCERRESEARCH57.2144-2147. June I, 1997) Advances in Brief Telomerase Activity: A Marker to Distinguish Follicular Thyroid Adenoma from Carcinoma' Christopher B. Umbricht, Motoyasu Saji, William H. Westra, Robert Udelsman, Martha A. Zeiger, and Saraswati Sukumar@ Breast Cancer Program. Oncology Center (C. B. U., S. SI. Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery (M. S.. R. U., M. A. 1], and Department of Pathology 1W. H. WI, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Abstract Finally, activation of one of the three ras oncogenes appears to be a fairly common and early event (5) but is detected in adenomas as well The inability to distinguish microinvasivefollicular thyroid cancer as in carcinomas. More importantly, less than 50% of follicular from benign follicular tumors preoperatively presents an important sur carcinomas in any published series show these changes (6, 7). Thus, gical dilemma. We examined 44 folilcular tumors and found telomerase no molecular markers that can reliably distinguish adenomas from activity in all 11 folllcular carcinomas and in S of 33 benign fofficular tumors. It was undetectable in 22 normal thyroid tissues adjacent to the carcinomas have yet been found. Recently, activation of the ribonu tumors. Telomerase activity may thus provide a diagnostic marker dis cleoprotein telomerase has been found in a wide variety of carcinomas tinguishing benign from malignant follicular thyroid tumors. The ability (8—li). Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains the stability and to identify invasive follicular thyroid tumors could avert over 14,000 integrity of chromosomal ends composed of telomeres (12). Although thyroidectomies annually in the United States, thereby significantly de telomerase activity is repressed in almost all nonneoplastic somatic creasing morbidity and health care costs. -
Cancer Mortality in Women with Thyroid Disease1
(CANCER RESEARCH 50. 228.1-2289. April 15. 1990| Cancer Mortality in Women with Thyroid Disease1 Marlene B. Goldman,2 Richard R. Monson, and 1aralio Maloof Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston 02115 [M. B. 6"..R. K. M.J, and Thyroid I'nil, Massachusetts Ornerai Hospital, Boston 02114 /F. M.I, Massachusetts ABSTRACT in a study of American women (4). A mechanism for a causal relationship between the two diseases is not established, al A retrospective follow-up study of 7338 women with either nontoxic though thyroid hormones are known to influence the breast nodular goiter, thyroid adenoma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or no thyroid disease was conducted. All women either directly or through effects on thyroid-stimulating hor patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital Thyroid Clinic who were mone, prolactin, estrogens, or androgens. Researchers sug seen between 1925 and 1974 and who were treated for a minimum of 1 gested that a deficit of thyroid hormone altered the hormonal year were traced. A total of 2231 women (30.4%) were dead and 2012 milieu in a way that permitted the growth of malignant cells (1, women (27.4%) were alive as of December 31, 1978. Partial follow-up 5, 6). It is just as reasonable to hypothesize, however, that an information was available for the remaining 3095 women (42.2%). The excess of thyroid hormone may promote tumor growth. A average length of follow-up was 15.2 years. When losses to follow-up number of biochemical and clinical studies have been con were withdrawn at the time of their loss, the standardized mortality ratios ducted, but no consensus has been reached as to the role of (SMR) for all causes of death were 1.2 |95% confidence interval (CI), thyroid hormones in the initiation or promotion of cancer. -
Carotid Body Tumor Associated with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
DOI: 10.30928/2527-2039e-20212755 _______________________________________________________________________________________Relato de caso CAROTID BODY TUMOR ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM TUMOR DO CORPO CAROTÍDEO ASSOCIADO COM HIPERPARATIREOIDISMO PRIMÁRIO Duilio Antonio Palacios1; Ledo Massoni1; Climério Pereira do Nascimento1; Marilia D'Elboux Brescia, TCBC-SP1; Sérgio Samir Arap, TCBC-SP1; Fabio Luiz de Menezes Montenegro, TCBC-SP1. ABSTRACT Introduction: Carotid body tumors (CBT) are an uncommon tumor of head and neck. The associa- tion between this entity with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is even rarer and few cases have been reported. Case Report: We described two cases of association between CBT and PHPT. The first case was a 55-year-old male patient with Shambling type III malignant paraganglioma and PHPT sin- gle adenoma. The second one was a 56-year-old male patient with Shambling type III paraganglioma and double parathyroid adenoma. Conclusion: The adequate preoperative evaluation allowed to iden- tify and treat simultaneously both neoplasms in these patients without compromising the appropriate treatment. Treatment of the two neoplasms when identified could be performed satisfactorily at the same surgical time. Keywords: Carotid Body Tumor. Hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcemia. Treatment Outcome. RESUMO Introdução: O paraganglioma de corpo carotídeo (PCC) é um dos tumores menos frequente da cabeça e do pescoço. A associação entre essa entidade e o hiperparatireoidismo primário (HPT) é ainda mais rara e poucos casos foram relatados. Relato do Caso: Relatam-se dois novos casos de PCC e HPT. O primeiro é um paciente de 55 anos com um paraganglioma maligno que envolvia as artérias carótidas interna e externa (Shambling III) e um adenoma de paratireoide. O segundo trata-se de paciente mas- culino de 56 anos, também com tumor Shambling III, mas com duplo adenoma de paratireoide. -
Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-Classification of Thyroid Tumor by Histopathology: a Large-Scale Pilot Study
468 Original Article Page 1 of 13 Using deep convolutional neural networks for multi-classification of thyroid tumor by histopathology: a large-scale pilot study Yunjun Wang1,2#, Qing Guan1,2#, Iweng Lao2,3#, Li Wang4, Yi Wu1,2, Duanshu Li1,2, Qinghai Ji1,2, Yu Wang1,2, Yongxue Zhu1,2, Hongtao Lu4, Jun Xiang1,2 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 3Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; 4Depertment of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: J Xiang, H Lu, Y Zhu; (II) Administrative support: J Xiang, H Lu, D Li, Y Wu, Q Ji, Y Wang; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: I Lao, Q Guan, Y Wang; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: I Lao, Q Guan, Y Wang; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: L Wang, Y Wang; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. #These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Jun Xiang, MD, PhD. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China. Email: [email protected]; Hongtao Lu, PhD. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Email: [email protected]; Yongxue Zhu, MD. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China. Email: [email protected]. Background: To explore whether deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have the potential to improve diagnostic efficiency and increase the level of interobserver agreement in the classification of thyroid nodules in histopathological slides. -
THYROID CANCER STRUCTURED REPORTING PROTOCOL (2Nd Edition 2020)
THYROID CANCER STRUCTURED REPORTING PROTOCOL (2nd Edition 2020) Incorporating the: International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) Carcinoma of the Thyroid Dataset www.ICCR-Cancer.org Core Document versions: • ICCR dataset: Carcinoma of the Thyroid 1st edition v1.0 • AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 8th edition • World Health Organization (2017) Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs (4th edition). Volume 10 2 Structured Reporting Protocol for Thyroid Cancer 2nd edition ISBN: 978-1-76081-423-6 Publications number (SHPN): (CI) 200280 Online copyright © RCPA 2020 This work (Protocol) is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce the Protocol for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation subject to the following terms and conditions: 1. The Protocol may not be copied, reproduced, communicated or displayed, in whole or in part, for profit or commercial gain. 2. Any copy, reproduction or communication must include this RCPA copyright notice in full. 3. With the exception of Chapter 6 - the checklist, no changes may be made to the wording of the Protocol including any Standards, Guidelines, commentary, tables or diagrams. Excerpts from the Protocol may be used in support of the checklist. References and acknowledgments must be maintained in any reproduction or copy in full or part of the Protocol. 4. In regard to Chapter 6 of the Protocol - the checklist: • The wording of the Standards may not be altered in any way and must be included as part of the checklist. • Guidelines are optional and those which are deemed not applicable may be removed. • Numbering of Standards and Guidelines must be retained in the checklist, but can be reduced in size, moved to the end of the checklist item or greyed out or other means to minimise the visual impact. -
Revised American Thyroid Association Guidelines
THYROID SPECIAL ARTICLE Volume 25, Number 6, 2015 ª American Thyroid Association DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0335 Revised American Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Samuel A. Wells, Jr.,1,* Sylvia L. Asa,2 Henning Dralle,3 Rossella Elisei,4 Douglas B. Evans,5 Robert F. Gagel,6 Nancy Lee,7 Andreas Machens,3 Jeffrey F. Moley,8 Furio Pacini,9 Friedhelm Raue,10 Karin Frank-Raue,10 Bruce Robinson,11 M. Sara Rosenthal,12 Massimo Santoro,13 Martin Schlumberger,14 Manisha Shah,15 and Steven G. Waguespack6 Introduction: The American Thyroid Association appointed a Task Force of experts to revise the original Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Management Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association. Methods: The Task Force identified relevant articles using a systematic PubMed search, supplemented with additional published materials, and then created evidence-based recommendations, which were set in categories using criteria adapted from the United States Preventive Services Task Force Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The original guidelines provided abundant source material and an excellent organizational structure that served as the basis for the current revised document. Results: The revised guidelines are focused primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and hereditary MTC. Conclusions: The Task Force developed 67 evidence-based recommendations to assist