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Biodiversity Climate Change Impacts Report Card Technical Paper 12. the Impact of Climate Change on Biological Phenology In
Sparks Pheno logy Biodiversity Report Card paper 12 2015 Biodiversity Climate Change impacts report card technical paper 12. The impact of climate change on biological phenology in the UK Tim Sparks1 & Humphrey Crick2 1 Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB 2 Natural England, Eastbrook, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8DR Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Sparks Pheno logy Biodiversity Report Card paper 12 2015 Executive summary Phenology can be described as the study of the timing of recurring natural events. The UK has a long history of phenological recording, particularly of first and last dates, but systematic national recording schemes are able to provide information on the distributions of events. The majority of data concern spring phenology, autumn phenology is relatively under-recorded. The UK is not usually water-limited in spring and therefore the major driver of the timing of life cycles (phenology) in the UK is temperature [H]. Phenological responses to temperature vary between species [H] but climate change remains the major driver of changed phenology [M]. For some species, other factors may also be important, such as soil biota, nutrients and daylength [M]. Wherever data is collected the majority of evidence suggests that spring events have advanced [H]. Thus, data show advances in the timing of bird spring migration [H], short distance migrants responding more than long-distance migrants [H], of egg laying in birds [H], in the flowering and leafing of plants[H] (although annual species may be more responsive than perennial species [L]), in the emergence dates of various invertebrates (butterflies [H], moths [M], aphids [H], dragonflies [M], hoverflies [L], carabid beetles [M]), in the migration [M] and breeding [M] of amphibians, in the fruiting of spring fungi [M], in freshwater fish migration [L] and spawning [L], in freshwater plankton [M], in the breeding activity among ruminant mammals [L] and the questing behaviour of ticks [L]. -
Somerset's Ecological Network
Somerset’s Ecological Network Mapping the components of the ecological network in Somerset 2015 Report This report was produced by Michele Bowe, Eleanor Higginson, Jake Chant and Michelle Osbourn of Somerset Wildlife Trust, and Larry Burrows of Somerset County Council, with the support of Dr Kevin Watts of Forest Research. The BEETLE least-cost network model used to produce Somerset’s Ecological Network was developed by Forest Research (Watts et al, 2010). GIS data and mapping was produced with the support of Somerset Environmental Records Centre and First Ecology Somerset Wildlife Trust 34 Wellington Road Taunton TA1 5AW 01823 652 400 Email: [email protected] somersetwildlife.org Front Cover: Broadleaved woodland ecological network in East Mendip Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Policy and Legislative Background to Ecological Networks ............................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 Government White Paper on the Natural Environment .............................................. 3 National Planning Policy Framework ......................................................................... 3 The Habitats and Birds Directives ............................................................................. 4 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 .................................. -
Folk Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Medicinal and Other Uses, Folklore, and Nature Conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3
Ulicsni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:47 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0118-7 RESEARCH Open Access Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3 Abstract Background: There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. Methods: We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied “all” invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. Results: We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga)were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies. -
The Radiation of Satyrini Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): A
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 64–87. With 8 figures The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods CARLOS PEÑA1,2*, SÖREN NYLIN1 and NIKLAS WAHLBERG1,3 1Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru 3Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland Received 24 February 2009; accepted for publication 1 September 2009 We have inferred the most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis to date of butterflies in the tribe Satyrini. In order to obtain a hypothesis of relationships, we used maximum parsimony and model-based methods with 4435 bp of DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes for 179 taxa (130 genera and eight out-groups). We estimated dates of origin and diversification for major clades, and performed a biogeographic analysis using a dispersal–vicariance framework, in order to infer a scenario of the biogeographical history of the group. We found long-branch taxa that affected the accuracy of all three methods. Moreover, different methods produced incongruent phylogenies. We found that Satyrini appeared around 42 Mya in either the Neotropical or the Eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, and/or Indo-Australian regions, and underwent a quick radiation between 32 and 24 Mya, during which time most of its component subtribes originated. Several factors might have been important for the diversification of Satyrini: the ability to feed on grasses; early habitat shift into open, non-forest habitats; and geographic bridges, which permitted dispersal over marine barriers, enabling the geographic expansions of ancestors to new environ- ments that provided opportunities for geographic differentiation, and diversification. -
DAMAGE in SUNFLOWER FIELDS and in HYBRID MULTIPLICATION CAUSED by SPECIES of the Coleoptera (Anthiciadae) FAMILY
HELIA, 26, Nr. 39, p.p. 101-108, (2003) UDC 633.854.78:632.03 DAMAGE IN SUNFLOWER FIELDS AND IN HYBRID MULTIPLICATION CAUSED BY SPECIES OF THE Coleoptera (Anthiciadae) FAMILY Zoltán Horváth1*, Attila Hatvani1, Dragan Škorić2 1Faculty of Horticulture, Kecskemét College, 6000 Kecskemét Erdei F tér 3, Hungary 2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Oil Crops Department, M. Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro Received: November 12, 2003 Accepted: December 12, 2003 SUMMARY Maturation feeding habits of tiny beetles (4-6 mm) on sunflower heads have been observed in comparative studies involving different sunflower varie- ties in industrial scale sunflower fields in 1994. When determining these bee- tles, it has been established that they belong to the species of the group (Coleoptera, Heteromera) to the family of Coleoptera, Anthicidae, and to the two genera Notoxus and Formicomus. Formicomus pedestris ROSSI., Notoxus brachycerus FALD., Notoxus appendicinus DESBR. were the most frequent species, as contrary to the bee- tle population observed in maize fields where the dominant species were Noto- xus brachycerus FALD. and Notoxus appendicinus DESBR. Formicomus pedestris ROSSI. had “only” the third place in terms of population density. Each of the three species starts its maturation feeding on sunflower heads at the end of July or at the beginning of August. At first, the beetles consume pollen and later on they hollow out the seeds. It happens that as many as 15-20 beetles are seen feeding on a single flower head. Based on literature data, mass appearance of the beetles of the Coleop- tera, (Anthiciadae) species is expected on cadavers of Meloe species (Meloe proscarabeus L., Meloe violaceus MRSH, Meloe variegatus DON.) and of Mel- oidae species (Coleoptera, Meloiade), for example Cerocoma schaefferi L., Lytta vesicatoria L. -
Berberomeloe, Real Olive Oil
Mini Review ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.28.004644 Berberomeloe, Real Olive Oil García Segura Florence* Faculty of Medicine, Veterinary, Zoo, Benemérita Autonomous, University of Puebla, Mexico *Corresponding author: García Segura Florence, Faculty of Medicine, Veterinary, Zoo, Benemérita Autonomous, University of Puebla, Mexico ARTICLE INFO AbsTRACT Received: June 04, 2020 They have no defensive system, their black and red colors warn their predators of their bad taste. When defending, they secrete a blood-red hem lymphatic substance, Published: June 19, 2020 called cantharidin, which is very irritating to the touch. Adult size varies widely, from 15 to 75 mm [1]. Singharidin is excreted along with its blood (hemolymph) through lateral holes when it feels attacked or in danger. This reddish liquid if touched causes Citation: García Segura Florence. Berber- a burning sensation like that produced by boiling oil on the skin, hence its vulgar or omeloe, Real Olive Oil. Biomed J Sci & Tech common name. This substance is known as cantharidin which causes redness, rashes Res 28(3)-2020. BJSTR. MS.ID.004644. and irritation on contact with the skin. If you have oral contact, it causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and irritation in the urinary system and causes the erection of the penis, which is why it was previously considered an aphrodisiac substance. The signs that appear are: Five minutes after the poison deposit, edema begins, erythema; whitish their size; Later it appears, dizziness, hypertension, tachycardia, vomiting. spotDescription at the site orof characteristicsthe poison deposit. After fifteen minutes, the ampules accentuate Animalia Kingdom Insecta class Edge: Arthropoda Order: Coleoptera Family: Meloidae Subfamily: Meloinae Tribe: Lyttini Genre: Berberomeloe Species: B. -
Nota Lepidopterologica
©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Proc. VIII. Congr. Eur. Lepid., Helsinki 19-23.IV 1992 Nota lepid. Supplement No. 5 : 51-64 ; 31.X.1994 ISSN 0342-7536 Conserving Britain's rarest moths Paul Waring Windmill View, 1366 Lincoln Road, Werrington, Peterborough, PE4 6LS, UK Summary The work of the Joint Nature Conservation Committee Moth Conservation Project has several components. The first involves servicing a national network of recorders which was set up in the winter of 1990/91 to trawl information on the current national distribution, status and conservation requirements of the rarer species of macro-moths in Britain. The information collected is being used to organise surveys and produce national surveys and produce national distribution maps, data sheets and a bibliography for the rarer moths. The rarer macro-moths have been defined as those species believed to occur in less than one hundred of the 10 km squares in Britain. Approximately 280 of the 730 or more macro-moth species that breed in Britain are in this category now. The collected information is used by the government conservation agencies to identify important breeding sites and advise on their management. Since its inception in 1987 the Moth Conservation Project has also been involved in devising and assisting practical conservation measures for a number of rare moths including six species of moths which receive legal protection in Britain and are listed on Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and 1988 amendment. These six are Zygaena viciae argyllensis Tremewan, Thetidia smaragdaria maritima Prout, Pareulype berberata Denis & Schiffer- müller, Siona lineata Scopoli, Acosmetia caliginosa Hübner and Hadena irregularis Hufnagel. -
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Endemism in Sardinia: Evolution, ecology, and conservation in the butterfly Maniola nurag Grill, A. Publication date 2003 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Grill, A. (2003). Endemism in Sardinia: Evolution, ecology, and conservation in the butterfly Maniola nurag. IBED, Universiteit van Amsterdam. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:23 Sep 2021 VIII. Thee shape of endemics: Notess on male and female genitalia in the genus Maniola (SCHRANK,, 1801), (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) withh Rob de Vos & Jan van Arkel Contributionss to Zoology (accepted with minor modifications) 171 1 Abstract t Butterfliess of the genus Maniola are known for their large morphological variation, att the inter- as well as intraspecific level. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 111 1960 Number 342f MELOID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) OF THE WEST INDIES By Richard B. Selander and John K. Bouseman' Introduction The West Indies have never received attention from entomologists commensurate with their great biogeographical interest. Descriptions of West Indian species of Meloidae have appeared at irregular inter- vals since the fu'st species was described by Fabricius in 1781, but no attempt has been made to treat these beetles comprehensively or to relate them to the beetle fauna of the American mainland. We there- fore feel that the present report will be valuable, for by bringing together all available information on the Meloidae of the West Indies, the report will not only serve as a means of identifying the species of the islands but will perhaps also stimulate more widespread interest in the meloid fauna, so that the process of studying and interpreting it will be accelerated. For the purpose of this report the West Indies are defined as includ- ing the Bahama Islands, the Greater Antilles, and the Lesser Antilles as far south as Grenada. Trinidad and the other islands associated with it along the northern coast of South America, while forming pan of the West Indies in the physiographic sense, are excluded because they are on biogeographic grounds more logically treated as part of South America. > A joint contribution of the Department of Entomology of the University of Illinois, and the Section of Faunlstic Surveys and Insect Identification of the Illinois Natural History Survey. 197 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Origin The meloid fauna of the West Indies is known to inckide 9 species m 5 genera,: Meloe, Tetraonyx, Cissites, Pseudozonitis, and Nemognatha. -
El Ciclo Biologico De Thetidia Plusiaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Vol. 2 No. 1 1995 DOMINGUEZ & BAIXERAS: Biology of Thetidia plusiaria in Spain 39 HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 2(1): 39-42 EL CICLO BIOLOGICO DE THETIDIA PLUSIARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) MARTI DOMINGUEZ and JOAQUIN BAIXERAS Dept. de Biologia Animal (Entomologia), U n i v e r s i t a t d e Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain ABSTRACT.- The moth Thetidia plusiaria (Boisduval) is one of the most common species of Geometridae in the Iberian Peninsula. T. plusiaria is a relatively abundant species with a characteristic wing pattern as well as an Ibero-Moroccan distribution which characterizes it as one of the most interesting elements of the Iberian Fauna. The occurrence of its larvae on the plant Santolina chamaecyparissus, a species endemic to the western Mediterranean area, offers insights on its speciation, suggesting a new interesting host-plant relation. In this paper, the morphology of the different immature stages is described, with special attention to the cuticular structures of the larvae. RESUMEN.- El lepidoptero Thetidia plusiaria (Boisduval) es una de las especies mas caracteristicas de la Peninsula Iberica. Su relativa abundancia, su peculiar coloracion, asi como su distribucion ibero-magrebi lo convierten en un claro exponente de la singularidad faum'stica iberica. El descubrimiento de su oruga sobre la compuesta Santolina chamaecyparissus, especie exclusiva de la cuenca mediterranea occidental, j u s t i f i c a su especiacion iberica asi como permite establecer una nueva e interesante r e l a c i o n planta- insecto. Asimismo, en este trabajo, se describe la morfologia de los distintos estados preimaginales, centrando la atencion en las estructuras tegumentarias d e la oruga. -
Allozyme Variation in the Butterfly, Maniola for Selection
Heredity 71 (1993) 386—393 Received 5 February 1993 Genetical Society of Great Britain Allozyme variation in the butterfly, Maniola jurtina (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae) (L.): evidence for selection D. GOULSON NERCInstituteof Virology and Environmental Microbiology, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SR, U.K. This paper describes patterns of allozyme variation in the butterfly, Maniola jurtina (L.). Twelve loci, of which four were polymorphic (PGM, PGI,IDH-1and IDH-2), were screened across 14 populations in south-east England. The patterns described are not in agreement with expectation for a sedentary butterfly in which alleles are neutral to selection, for geographically distant populations differed very little in gene frequencies. Geographic homogeneity is compatible with either a higher degree of vagility than expected for this species or similar selection pressures maintaining allele frequencies across the area sampled. Associations between patterns of variation at two loci and behavioural, morphological and environmental variables suggested that selection may be acting upon them. In particular, the genotype at the locus for PGM affected the length of time for which individual butterflies could fly continuously, while PGM allozyme frequencies varied according to the altitude of the site. The frequency of allozymes at IDH-2 was correlated with the mean size of individuals in both sexes when comparing sites. Possible causes of these associations are discussed. I conclude that patterns of variation in the loci studied are probably not good estimators of population structuring, but are more likely to be the result of selection. Keywords:altitude,morphology, mutase, phosphoglucose, polymorphism, selection, temperature. Introduction the other. To quote Singh & Long (1992) 'The use of both molecules and morphology allows us to under- Themeadow brown butterfly, M. -
BUTTERFLY and MOTH (DK Eyewitness Books)
EYEWITNESS Eyewitness BUTTERFLY & MOTH BUTTERFLY & MOTH Eyewitness Butterfly & Moth Pyralid moth, Margaronia Smaller Wood Nymph butterfly, quadrimaculata ldeopsis gaura (China) (Indonesia) White satin moth caterpillar, Leucoma salicis (Europe & Asia) Noctuid moth, Eyed Hawkmoth Diphthera caterpillar, hieroglyphica Smerinthus ocellata (Central (Europe & Asia) America) Madagascan Moon Moth, Argema mittrei (Madagascar) Thyridid moth, Rhondoneura limatula (Madagascar) Red Glider butterfly, Cymothoe coccinata (Africa) Lasiocampid moth, Gloveria gargemella (North America) Tailed jay butterfly, Graphium agamemnon, (Asia & Australia) Jersey Tiger moth, Euplagia quadripunctaria (Europe & Asia) Arctiid moth, Composia credula (North & South America) Noctuid moth, Noctuid moth, Mazuca strigitincta Apsarasa radians (Africa) (India & Indonesia) Eyewitness Butterfly & Moth Written by PAUL WHALLEY Tiger Pierid butterfly, Birdwing butterfly, Dismorphia Troides hypolitus amphione (Indonesia) (Central & South America) Noctuid moth, Baorisa hieroglyphica (India & Southeast Asia) Hairstreak butterfly, Kentish Glory moth, Theritas coronata Endromis versicolora (South America) (Europe) DK Publishing, Inc. Peacock butterfly, Inachis io (Europe and Asia) LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE, MUNICH, and DELHI Project editor Michele Byam Managing art editor Jane Owen Special photography Colin Keates (Natural History Museum, London), Kim Taylor, and Dave King Editorial consultants Paul Whalley and the staff of the Natural History Museum Swallowtail butterfly This Eyewitness