Rush Skeletonweed (Chondrilla Juncea)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Rush Skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) Description A tap-rooted perennial reproducing primarily by seed but also by shoot buds produced on lateral roots. Grows to 1.2 m tall. Lower 15 cm of stem covered with stiff, downward pointing, brown hairs, and remainder of stem hairless. Much branched wiry stems contain a white, milky juice. Bottom leaves form a rosette and look similar to dandelion. These leaves are to 3 cm wide and to 13 cm long. Stem leaves arising from the branch Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org axils are small, narrow and linear Gary L. Piper, Washington State University, (sometimes toothed). These leaves are generally Bugwood.org inconspicuous from a distance, giving the appearance of a "skeleton-like" plant. Flowers are yellow, about 2 cm in diameter, composed of 7 to 15 individual florets. Many flowers per plant, an average of 1500 are produced per plant. Flower heads are produced individually or in groups of two to five along or at the ends of the stems. Key Identifiers downward bent, reddish, brown coarse hairs on the lower 15 cm of the stem a skeletal look of the plant due to the lack of leaves on the upper part of the plant. Many branches, many flowers Location in Canada In Canada, Rush Skeletonweed has been reported in British Columbia and Ontario. Alberta has no known reports. Resources http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/rushskel.htm http://www.weedsbc.ca/pdf/rush_skeletonweed.pdf http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_chju.pdf Similar species Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Dandelion share a lot of characteristics in common with rush skeletonweed (leaves without hairs, leaf lobes pointing backward and opposite one another, milky juice exuded when torn). However, dandelion has un-branched, leafless, hollow, non-persistent, fleshy flowering stems and seeds without small scales at the apex. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is similar to rush skeletonweed and dandelion, but has rosette leaf lobes pointing outwards or forwards and not always opposite and basal leaves with a few rough coarse hairs. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Dandelion Taraxacum Officinale
Dandelion Taraxacum officinale DESCRIPTION: Dandelion is a hardy perennial with a thick, fleshy taproot and no stem. Leaves grow in a rosette from the crown. They are long, narrow, irregularly lobed, and lance shaped. The lobed tips are often opposite each other and pointing toward the crown. Leaves are often purple at the base and emit a milky latex when broken. The deep golden yellow flowers are borne in heads on long hollow stalks. Blossoms soon mature into spherical clusters of whitish fruits, like white puffballs, composed of parachute-like seeds. Seeds are carried by wind. Type of plant: broadleaf Life cycle: Perennial Growth habit: Bunch type Aggressiveness (1-10 scale; 7 10=most aggressive): Leaf attachment whorled Leaf color: Dark green Flower description: Deep yellow, with only one flower per seed stalk Seed description: Spherical clusters that appear as white puffballs. The seed resembles a parachute Reproduces by: Seed, rootstock U.S. states found in: Throughout the U.S. Countries found in: Mexico, South and Central America, Africa, Europe, Asia Golf course areas found in: Tees, fairways, roughs, low maintenance areas MONITORING: Begin scouting when average air temperatures reach 55 F (13 C) IPM Planning Guide 1 Dandelion Taraxacum officinale MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: Always check labels to determine turfgrass sensitivity to herbicides. For updated management information, see North Carolina State’s “Pest control for Professional Turfgrass Managers” Follow resistance management guidelines by rotating products as outlined in Weed Science Society of America’s Herbicide Site of Action Classification List Always consult the most recent version of all product labels before use.
[Show full text]
Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum Kok
plants Article Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Carolina Schuchovski 1 , Tea Meulia 2, Bruno Francisco Sant’Anna-Santos 3 and Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez 4,* 1 Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; [email protected] 3 Laboratório de Anatomia e Biomecânica Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-330-263-3822 Received: 13 August 2020; Accepted: 22 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin; TK) has received attention for its natural rubber content as a strategic biomaterial, and a promising, sustainable, and renewable alternative to synthetic rubber from fossil carbon sources. Extensive research on the domestication and rubber content of TK has demonstrated TK’s potential in industrial applications as a relevant natural rubber and latex-producing alternative crop. However, many aspects of its biology have been neglected in published studies. For example, floral development is still poorly characterized. TK inflorescences were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Nine stages of early inflorescence development are proposed, and floral micromorphology is detailed. Individual flower primordia development starts at the periphery and proceeds centripetally in the newly-formed inflorescence meristem.
[Show full text]
DANDELION Taraxacum Officinale ERADICATE
OAK OPENINGS REGION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DANDELION Taraxacum officinale ERADICATE This Best Management Practice (BMP) document provides guidance for managing Dandelion in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio and Southeast Michigan. This BMP was developed by the Green Ribbon Initiative and its partners and uses available research and local experience to recommend environmentally safe control practices. INTRODUCTION AND IMPACTS— Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) HABITAT—Dandelion prefers full sun and moist, loamy soil but can is native to Eurasia and was likely introduced to North America many grow anywhere with 3.5-110” inches of annual precipitation, an an- times. The earliest record of Dandelion in North America comes from nual mean temperature of 40-80°F, and light. It is tolerant of salt, 1672, but it may have arrived earlier. It has been used in medicine, pollutants, thin soils, and high elevations. In the OOR Dandelion has food and beverages, and stock feed. Dandelion is now widespread been found on sand dunes, in and at the top of floodplains, near across the planet, including OH and MI. vernal pools and ponds, and along roads, ditches, and streams. While the Midwest Invasive Species Information Net- IDENTIFICATION—Habit: Perennial herb. work (MISIN) has no specific reports of Dandelion in or within 5 miles of the Oak Openings Region (OOR, green line), the USDA Plants Database reports Dan- D A delion in all 7 counties of the OOR and most neighboring counties (black stripes). Dan- delion is ubiquitous in the OOR. It has demonstrated the ability to establish and MI spread in healthy and disturbed habitats of OH T © Lynn Sosnoskie © Steven Baskauf © Chris Evans the OOR and both the wet nutrient rich soils of wet prairies and floodplains as well Leaves: Highly variable in shape, color and hairiness in response to as sandy dunes and oak savannas.
[Show full text]
HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S
HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CRREL) - 2013 Ratings Lichvar, R.W. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. Scientific Name Common Name Hawaii Status South Pacific Agrostis canina FACU Velvet Bent Islands Status Agrostis capillaris UPL Colonial Bent Abelmoschus moschatus FAC Musk Okra Agrostis exarata FACW Spiked Bent Abildgaardia ovata FACW Flat-Spike Sedge Agrostis hyemalis FAC Winter Bent Abrus precatorius FAC UPL Rosary-Pea Agrostis sandwicensis FACU Hawaii Bent Abutilon auritum FACU Asian Agrostis stolonifera FACU Spreading Bent Indian-Mallow Ailanthus altissima FACU Tree-of-Heaven Abutilon indicum FAC FACU Monkeybush Aira caryophyllea FACU Common Acacia confusa FACU Small Philippine Silver-Hair Grass Wattle Albizia lebbeck FACU Woman's-Tongue Acaena exigua OBL Liliwai Aleurites moluccanus FACU Indian-Walnut Acalypha amentacea FACU Alocasia cucullata FACU Chinese Taro Match-Me-If-You-Can Alocasia macrorrhizos FAC Giant Taro Acalypha poiretii UPL Poiret's Alpinia purpurata FACU Red-Ginger Copperleaf Alpinia zerumbet FACU Shellplant Acanthocereus tetragonus UPL Triangle Cactus Alternanthera ficoidea FACU Sanguinaria Achillea millefolium UPL Common Yarrow Alternanthera sessilis FAC FACW Sessile Joyweed Achyranthes
[Show full text]
Dandelion Root Extract Induces Intracellular Ca Increases In
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Dandelion Root Extract Induces Intracellular Ca2+ Increases in HEK293 Cells Andrea Gerbino 1,* ID , Daniela Russo 2, Matilde Colella 1 ID , Giuseppe Procino 1 ID , Maria Svelto 1, Luigi Milella 2 ID and Monica Carmosino 2,* 1 Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (G.P.); [email protected] (M.S.) 2 Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (L.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (M.C.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3334 (A.G.); +39-335-6302642 (M.C.) Received: 6 March 2018; Accepted: 4 April 2018; Published: 7 April 2018 Abstract: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg.) has been used for centuries as an ethnomedical remedy. Nonetheless, the extensive use of different kinds of dandelion extracts and preparations is based on empirical findings. Some of the tissue-specific effects reported for diverse dandelion extracts may result from their action on intracellular signaling cascades. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic dandelion root extract (DRE) on Ca2+ signaling in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. The cytotoxicity of increasing doses of crude DRE was determined by the Calcein viability assay. Fura-2 and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probe ERD1 were used to measure cytoplasmic and intraluminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels, respectively. Furthermore, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based probe was used to monitor phospholipase C (PLC) activation (pleckstrin homology [PH]–PLCδ–GFP).
[Show full text]
Nutrient Composition of Dandelions and Its Potential As Human Food
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2012, 8 (2), 118-127 ISSN: 1553-3468 © 2012 A.E. Ghaly et al ., This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2012.118.127 Published Online 8 (2) 2012 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajbb.toc) Nutrient Composition of Dandelions and its Potential as Human Food 1Abdel E. Ghaly, 2Nesreen Mahmoud and 1Deepika Dave 1Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cario University, Gizza, Egypt Received 2012-04-15; Revised 2012-05-27; Accepted 2012-06-10 ABSTRACT Two thirds of the world’s populations are suffering from protein malnutrition and about 36 million people die every year due to hunger. Expansion of present agriculture practices into marginal land is not expected to solve the problem of increasing the food supply. New methods of feeding the ever increasing world population must be developed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the dandelion leaves as a source of supplemen- tal protein. Protein was extracted from the dandelion leaves by blending them after pH and moisture adjustment, squeezing the resultant pulp through filter press and coagulating the filtrate with acid and heat. The effects of pH, moisture content, pressure and temperature on the extractability and quality of protein were investigated. A mass balance was performed on dry matter and protein contents during the extraction steps. Proximate analysis was performed on the extracted leaf protein and the amino acid profile of the protein curd was determined.
[Show full text]
Evaluating the Development and Potential Ecological Impact of Genetically Engineered Taraxacum Kok-Saghyz
Evaluating the Development and Potential Ecological Impact of Genetically Engineered Taraxacum kok-saghyz DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian J. Iaffaldano Graduate Program in Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Professor Katrina Cornish, Advisor Professor John Cardina Professor David Francis Professor Allison Snow Copyrighted by Brian J. Iaffaldano 2016 Abstract Natural rubber is a biopolymer with irreplaceable properties, necessary in tires, medical devices and many other applications. Nearly all natural rubber production is dependent on a single species, Hevea brasiliensis. Hevea has several disadvantages, including a long life cycle, epidemic diseases, and rising production costs which have led to interest in developing new sources of rubber with similar quality to Hevea. One species that meets this criterion is Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK), a widely adapted species of dandelion that can produce substantial amounts of rubber in its roots in an annual growing period. Shortcomings of TK include an inability to compete with many weeds, resulting in poor establishment and yields. In addition, there is variability in the amount of rubber produced, plant vigor, and seed establishment. In order to address these shortcomings, genetic engineering or breeding may be used to introduce herbicide resistance and allocate more resources to rubber production. We have demonstrated stable transformation in Taraxacum species using Agrobacterium rhizogenes to introduce genes of interest as well has hairy root phenotypes. Inoculated roots were subjected to selection by kanamycin and glufosinate and allowed to regenerate into plantlets without any hormonal treatments or additional manipulations.
[Show full text]
“Taraxacum Officinale Herb As an Anti- Inflammatory Medicine” M
American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery www.ajadd.co.uk Review Article “Taraxacum officinale Herb as an Anti- inflammatory Medicine” M. Amin Mir*1, S.S. Sawhney1 and Manmohan Singh Jassal2 1R & D Division, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, India 2Dept. of Chemistry D. A. V. (PG) College Dehradun, India Date of Receipt- 31/01/2015 ABSTRACT Date of Revision- 12/02/2015 Date of Acceptance- 21/02/2015 Taraxacum officinale is a very well known medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine since times immoral. The presence of various phytochemicals in the concerned plant in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids made it efficient anti inflammatory drug. The inhibition of hypotonicity induced HRBC membrane lysis was taken as a measure of the anti inflammatory activity. The percentage of membrane stabilisation for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of the plant (Root, Stem and Flower) and Diclofenac sodium were done at different concentrations. The percentage stabilization of stem water extract was found to be highest, followed by methanol extract of stem. The root and flower Address for extracts also follow the same trend as the stem extracts as per their Correspondence percentage stabilization against inflammation. The percentage of R & D Division, stabilization was found concentration dependent in all the plant Uttaranchal College of extracts, i.e., percentage of stabilization increases with the increase in Science and the concentration of plant extracts. The polar solvents potentially Technology, show more stabilization potential against inflammation as compared Dehradun, India. to the non-polar solvents. E-mail: mohdaminmir Keywords: Phytochemicals, Taraxacum officinale, Anti- @gmail.com inflammatory, In-vitro, Hypotonicity.
[Show full text]
Plant Carotenoids As Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs
foods Article Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs Kristina Kljak 1 , Klaudija Carović-Stanko 1,2,* , Ivica Kos 1 , Zlatko Janjeˇcić 1 , Goran Kiš 1, Marija Duvnjak 1 , Toni Safner 1,2 and Dalibor Bedeković 1 1 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (Z.J.); [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (D.B.) 2 Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-1-2393-622 Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The Citation: Kljak, K.; Carović-Stanko, 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. K.; Kos, I.; Janjeˇcić,Z.; Kiš, G.; 21.79 µg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 µg/g). The tested plants did Duvnjak, M.; Safner, T.; Bedeković,D.
[Show full text]
Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds Of
Nutritional composition, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of wild Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia Maria Inês Diasa,b, Lillian Barrosa, Rita C. Alvesb, M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveirab, Celestino Santos-Buelgac, Isabel C.F.R. Ferreiraa,* aMountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. bREQUIMTE, Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. cGIP-USAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. *Corresponding author. Tel.+351 273 303219; fax +351 273 325405. E-mail address: [email protected] (I.C.F.R. Ferreira) 1 Abstract Flowers and vegetative parts of wild Taraxacum identified as belonging to sect. Ruderalia were chemically characterized in nutritional composition, sugars, organic acids, fatty acids and tocopherols. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential and phenolic profiles were evaluated in the methanolic extracts, infusions and decoctions. The flowers gave higher content of sugars, tocopherols and flavonoids (mainly luteolin O- hexoside and luteolin), while the vegetative parts showed higher content of proteins and ash, organic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid derivatives and especially chicoric acid). In general, vegetative parts gave also higher antioxidant activity, which could be related to the higher content in phenolic acids (R2=0.9964, 0.8444, 0.4969 and 0.5542 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays, respectively). Data obtained demonstrated that wild plants like Taraxacum, although not being a common nutritional reference, can be used in an alimentary base as a source of bioactive compounds, namely antioxidants.
[Show full text]
Dandelion: for Such a Common Weed, Dandelion Is Easy to Misidentify
Other Names: Taraxacum officinale, lion’s tooth, blow ball, fairy clock, Irish daisy Identifying Dandelion: For such a common weed, dandelion is easy to misidentify. Many look-alike plants have similar leaves, but dandelion leaves are nearly hairless. They have toothed edges, hence the French name, “dent de lion” or lion’s tooth. Leaves and hollow flower stems grow directly from the rootstock. What most people think of as a single dandelion flower is actually hundreds of flowers growing together on a single base. A “petal” is a complete flower. Dandelion flowering heads open in sunlight and close in dark rainy weather. Each dandelion can produce more than 5,000 seeds per year, which form “wish balls” that are carried away with the slightest breeze or breath. Individual seeds with parachute-like hairs have been known to travel on the wind as much as five miles! Dandelion only has one flowering head per stalk. Other look-alikes have many flowering heads per stalk. Dandelion roots, leaves and stems all exude a milky white sap. Dandelion belongs to the Asteraceae (sunflower) family. Where it Grows: The genus Taraxacum includes over 250 species that grow throughout the world. It will thrive just about anywhere including pristine mountain meadows, barren open fields, and even cracks in cement. Season: Leaves are gathered for food in early spring, and for medicine in spring through early summer. Buds and flowers are harvested in early to late spring depending on location and temperature. Roots are harvested in spring through autumn. How to Harvest: Every part of dandelion is useful.
[Show full text]
The Tribe Cichorieae In
Chapter24 Cichorieae Norbert Kilian, Birgit Gemeinholzer and Hans Walter Lack INTRODUCTION general lines seem suffi ciently clear so far, our knowledge is still insuffi cient regarding a good number of questions at Cichorieae (also known as Lactuceae Cass. (1819) but the generic rank as well as at the evolution of the tribe. name Cichorieae Lam. & DC. (1806) has priority; Reveal 1997) are the fi rst recognized and perhaps taxonomically best studied tribe of Compositae. Their predominantly HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Holarctic distribution made the members comparatively early known to science, and the uniform character com- Tournefort (1694) was the fi rst to recognize and describe bination of milky latex and homogamous capitula with Cichorieae as a taxonomic entity, forming the thirteenth 5-dentate, ligulate fl owers, makes the members easy to class of the plant kingdom and, remarkably, did not in- identify. Consequently, from the time of initial descrip- clude a single plant now considered outside the tribe. tion (Tournefort 1694) until today, there has been no dis- This refl ects the convenient recognition of the tribe on agreement about the overall circumscription of the tribe. the basis of its homogamous ligulate fl owers and latex. He Nevertheless, the tribe in this traditional circumscription called the fl ower “fl os semifl osculosus”, paid particular at- is paraphyletic as most recent molecular phylogenies have tention to the pappus and as a consequence distinguished revealed. Its circumscription therefore is, for the fi rst two groups, the fi rst to comprise plants with a pappus, the time, changed in the present treatment. second those without.
[Show full text]