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Late Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek Marine Transgression, Lower Dakota Formation, Eastern Margin of Western Interior Seaway R.L

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Late Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek Marine Transgression, Lower Dakota Formation, Eastern Margin of Western Interior Seaway R.L University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Natural Resources Natural Resources, School of 2000 Late Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek Marine Transgression, Lower Dakota Formation, Eastern Margin of Western Interior Seaway R.L. Brenner Iowa Department of Natural Resources G.A. Ludvigson Iowa Department of Natural Resources B.J. Witzke Iowa Department of Natural Resources A.N. Zawistoski Indiana University E.P. Kvale Indiana University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, and the Other Environmental Sciences Commons Brenner, R.L.; Ludvigson, G.A.; Witzke, B.J.; Zawistoski, A.N.; Kvale, E.P.; Ravn, R.L.; and Joeckel, R.M., "Late Albian Kiowa-Skull Creek Marine Transgression, Lower Dakota Formation, Eastern Margin of Western Interior Seaway" (2000). Papers in Natural Resources. 1009. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/1009 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Natural Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors R.L. Brenner, G.A. Ludvigson, B.J. Witzke, A.N. Zawistoski, E.P. Kvale, R.L. Ravn, and R.M. Joeckel This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/1009 LATE ALBIAN KIOWA±SKULL CREEK MARINE TRANSGRESSION, LOWER DAKOTA FORMATION, EASTERN MARGIN OF WESTERN INTERIOR SEAWAY, U.S.A. R.L. BRENNER1, G.A. LUDVIGSON2, B.J. WITZKE2, A.N. ZAWISTOSKI3, E.P. KVALE3, R.L. RAVN4, AND R.M. JOECKEL5 1 Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A. [email protected] 2 Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A. [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Indiana Geological Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A. [email protected] 4 áon Biostratigraphic Services, Anchorage, Alaska 99515, U.S.A. [email protected] 5 Department of Natural Sciences, Bellevue University, Bellevue, Nebraska 68005, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT: An integrated geochemical±sedimentological project is greenhouse world on the cratonic margin of a foreland basin (Fig. 1). Cra- studying the paleoclimatic and paleogeographic characteristics of the tonic margins of these basins have the potential to provide data less com- mid-Cretaceous greenhouse world of western North America. A critical plicated by tectonic events than orogenic margins. Our study is focused on part of this project, required to establish a temporal framework, is a Albian±Cenomanian strata of the Dakota Formation, and paleogeographic stratigraphic study of depositional relationships between the Albian± and paleoclimatic interpretations of this succession. In this paper, we show Cenomanian Dakota and the Upper Albian Kiowa formations of the that the nonmarine Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation corre- eastern margin of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS). Palynostrati- lates to parts of Kiowa±Skull Creek marine transgressive mudrocks, on the graphic and sedimentologic analyses provide criteria for the Dakota basis of results from sequence stratigraphic and biostratigraphic analyses. Formation to be divided into three sedimentary sequences bounded by Local and regional studies of the Dakota Formation indicate that large unconformities (D0,D1, and D2) that are recognized from western Iowa trunk river systems drained the North American craton west of the Appa- to westernmost Kansas. The lowest of these sequences, de®ned by un- lachians and ¯owed from northeast to southwest across the region at this conformities D0 and D1, is entirely Upper Albian, and includes the time, and emptied into the WIS (e.g., Bowe 1972; Brenner et al. 1981; largely nonmarine basal Dakota (lower part of the Nishnabotna Mem- Munter et al. 1983; Ludvigson and Bunker 1979; Ludvigson et al. 1994; ber) strata in western Iowa and eastern Nebraska and the marine Ki- Ravn and Witzke 1994, 1995; Whitley 1980; Witzke and Ludvigson 1987, owa Formation to the southwest in Kansas. The gravel-rich ¯uvial de- 1994, 1996; Witzke et al. 1983). Numerous wells that penetrate Cretaceous posits of the basal part of the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota strata in northwestern Iowa were used to demonstrate that river valleys Formation correlate with transgressive marine shales of the Kiowa were incised into pre-Cretaceous strata during a long erosional episode that Formation. This is a critical relationship to establish because of the preceded the Kiowa±Skull Creek marine transgression (Ludvigson and need to correlate between marine and nonmarine strata that contain Bunker 1979; Witzke and Ludvigson 1987, 1994). The pre-Cretaceous ero- both geochronologic and paleoclimatic proxy data. sional surface has up to 80 m (262 ft) of relief in northwestern Iowa (Fig. The basal gravel facies (up to 40 m thick in western Iowa) aggraded 2). We will show that the coarse-grained facies of the lower part of the in incised valleys during the Late Albian Kiowa±Skull Creek marine Dakota Formation were deposited along a tidally in¯uenced coastline of transgression. In southeastern Nebraska, basal gravels intertongue the WIS, where conglomeratic sandstone bodies aggraded as estuarine and with carbonaceous mudrocks that contain diverse assemblages of Late ¯uvial incised-valley ®ll in response to base-level rise during the Kiowa Albian palynomorphs, including marine dino¯agellates and acritarchs. marine transgression. In addition, this paper provides stratigraphic and de- This palynomorph assemblage is characterized by occurrences of pa- positional analogs for the cratonic margins of other foreland basins. lynomorph taxa not known to range above the Albian Kiowa±Skull Creek depositional cycle elsewhere in the Western Interior, and cor- relates to the lowest of four generalized palynostratographic units that Methods are comparable to other palynological sequences elsewhere in North America. New data presented in this paper were generated from lithostratigraphic Tidal rhythmites in mudrocks at the Ash Grove Cement Quarry in and biostratigraphic studies of: (1) outcrops in Guthrie County, Iowa; (2) Louisville (Cass County), Nebraska record well-developed diurnal and quarry exposures and core samples from the lower Platte River Valley in semimonthly tidal cycles, and moderately well developed semiannual Sarpy and Cass counties, Nebraska; (3) quarry exposures and core samples cycles. These tidal rhythmites are interpreted to have accumulated dur- from the Yankee Hill properties in Lancaster County, Nebraska; (4) quarry, ing rising sea level at the head of a paleoestuary that experienced at road-cut, and river-bank exposures in Jefferson County, Nebraska; and (5) least occasional mesotidal conditions. This scenario places the gravel- core samples from Lincoln, Republic, and Stanton counties, Kansas (Fig. bearing lower part of the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota For- 3). Cores drilled from the Ash Grove Cement Quarry in Louisville, Cass mation in the mouth of an incised valley of an Upper Albian trans- County, Nebraska, provided well-preserved rhythmites of silt-rich and clay- gressive systems tract deposited along a tidally in¯uenced coast. Fur- rich lamina. Thicknesses of individual laminae and lamina sets were mea- thermore, it provides a depositional setting consistent with the bio- sured in the selected interval. These measurements were analyzed using the stratigraphic correlation of the lower part of the Nishnabotna Member discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and compared with modern tidal data. of the Dakota Formation to the marine Kiowa Formation of Kansas. Kanasewich (1981), Kvale et al. (1995), and Brenner et al. (in prep.) ex- plain this method of numerical analysis and discuss its application to com- paring rhythmic strati®cation in the rock record to modern-day tidal rhyth- INTRODUCTION mites. Mid-Cretaceous strata along the eastern margin of the Western Interior Palynostratigraphic (fossil pollen and spore) samples were analyzed as Seaway (WIS) record paleoclimatic and paleoecologic conditions of a part of an ongoing project to construct a nonmarine biostratigraphic frame- JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH,VOL. 70, NO.4,JULY, 2000, P. 868±878 Copyright q 2000, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) 1073-130X/00/070-868/$03.00 Downloaded from https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/jsedres/article-pdf/70/4/868/2813422/868.pdf by Univ Nebraska Lincoln user on 05 June 2019 LATE ALBIAN KIOWA±SKULL CREEK MARINE TRANSGRESSION, LOWER DAKOTA FORMATION 869 FIG. 1.ÐMid-Cretaceous paleogeography of the Kiowa±Skull Creek Seaway in the Western Interior Seaway in the United States during latest Albian time with westernmost advance of east-derived siliciclastics shown by dashed line. The letters ``N'', ``W'', and ``B'' indicate general outcrop regions for the Nishnabotna Member of the Dakota Formation, the Windrow Formation, and the Baylis Formation, re- spectively. Rectangle encloses the study area shown in Figure 3. From Witzke and Ludvigson (1996). work for the eastern margin of the WIS (e.g., Ravn and Witzke 1994, 1995; Ravn et al. 1996; Witzke et al. 1996). Samples were collected and analyzed from all surface sections and
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