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The Ted Bundy Tapes “I’ll be heard” En multimodal kritisk diskursanalys av true crime-dokumentären Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes KURS: Uppsats i medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 15hp PROGRAM: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapliga programmet FÖRFATTARE: Amanda Bäck Shortt & Matilda Blomberg EXAMINATOR: Staffan Sundin TERMIN: HT19 JÖNKÖPING UNIVERSITY Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation Examensarbete/kandidatuppsats 15 hp Höstterminen 2019 SAMMANFATTNING Författare: Amanda Bäck Shortt och Matilda Blomberg Uppsatsens titel: “I’ll be heard”: En multimodal kritisk diskursanalys av true crime- dokumentären Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes. Språk: Svenska Antal sidor: 46 Denna studie fokuserar på hur gärningsmannen av ett brott, och händelserna kring denne, gestaltas inom true crime. För att avgränsa arbetets storlek ligger studiens fokus på gestaltningen av seriemördaren Ted Bundy i dokumentären Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes. Detta för att kunna uppfylla studiens syfte: att se hur gestaltningar av gärningsmannen konstrueras inom true crime-genren. Gestaltningsteorin, multimodal diskursanalys (MCDA) och teorin om medielogik utgör studiens teoretiska ramverk, och MCDA används även som metod. Första delen av analysen bygger på analysbegrepp från MCDA, vilka möjliggör en kritisk studie både av dokumentärens språkliga och visuella delar. Analysens andra del bygger på true crime- konventioner hämtade från tidigare forskning. Analysresultatet visar på att dokumentären använder fler berättartekniker från den fiktiva brottsgenren än traditionell kriminaljournalistik, vilket tyder på att dokumentären dramatiserar verkliga händelser. Vidare visar även resultatet att dokumentären följer flera av de konventioner som finns inom true crime-genren. Sökord: MCDA, gestaltningsteorin, medielogik, true crime, Ted Bundy 2 JÖNKÖPING UNIVERSITY Media and Communication Studies School of Education and Communication Bachelor thesis 15 credits Autumn 2019 ABSTRACT Authors: Amanda Bäck Shortt and Matilda Blomberg Title: “I’ll be heard”: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of the true crime documentary Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes Language: Swedish Pages: 46 The focus of this study is how the culprit of a crime, as well as events surrounding him, are framed within the true crime genre. To limit the scope of the study, the focus will be on the framing of Ted Bundy in the documentary Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes. This is done in order to achieve the purpose of the study: to see how the framing of culprits are constructed within the true crime genre. Framing theory, multimodal discourse analysis (MCDA) and media logic constitute the theoretical framework. Furthermore, MCDA is also used as the study’s method. In the first part of the analysis, analytical concepts from MCDA are used in order to implement a critical study of both linguistic and visual parts of the documentary. In the second part of the analysis, conventions for the true crime genre are studied. Results from the analysis show that the documentary uses more narrative techniques from the fictive crime genre than traditional crime reporting. This indicates that real events are dramatized in the documentary. Furthermore, the results show that the documentary adheres to many of the set conventions for true crime. Keywords: MCDA, framing theory, media logic, true crime, Ted Bundy 3 INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING 1. INLEDNING ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. BAKGRUND ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Kriminaljournalistik .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 True crime .................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 True crime-genrens historia ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Ted Bundy .................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.4 Netflix .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes .............................................................................. 10 3. SYFTE & FRÅGESTÄLLNINGAR ................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Problemformulering ................................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 Syfte .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.3 Frågeställningar ....................................................................................................................................... 12 4. TIDIGARE FORSKNING .................................................................................................................. 13 4.1 Gestaltningar inom true crime ............................................................................................................... 13 4.2 Gestaltning av seriemördare i media .................................................................................................... 14 4.3 Vårt bidrag ................................................................................................................................................ 15 5. TEORETISKT RAMVERK ................................................................................................................ 16 5.1 Gestaltningsteorin ................................................................................................................................... 16 5.2 Medielogik ................................................................................................................................................ 18 5.2.1 Berättartekniker inom kriminaljournalistik .................................................................................... 19 5.2.2 Westerståhls objektivitetsmodell ................................................................................................... 19 5.2.3 Berättartekniker inom den fiktiva brottsgenren ........................................................................... 21 5.3 Kritisk diskursanalys som teori .............................................................................................................. 23 5.3.1 Kritisk diskursanalys ....................................................................................................................... 23 5.3.2 Multimodal kritisk diskursanalys .................................................................................................... 24 6. MATERIAL & METOD ...................................................................................................................... 25 6.1 Material ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.1.1 Motivering till valet av material ...................................................................................................... 26 6.2 Insamlingsmetod ..................................................................................................................................... 27 6.3 Transkribering .......................................................................................................................................... 27 6.4 Multimodal kritisk diskursanalys som metod ....................................................................................... 27 6.4.1 Begrepp ............................................................................................................................................ 28 6.5 Metodreflektion ........................................................................................................................................ 30 6.5.1 Kritik mot MCDA .............................................................................................................................. 31 6.6 Forskningsetiska överväganden ........................................................................................................... 31 7. RESULTAT & ANALYS .................................................................................................................... 33 7.1 Hur gestaltas Ted Bundy och händelserna kring honom i dokumentären Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes? ......................................................................................................................... 33 4 7.1.1 Den familjära gestaltningen av Ted Bundy .................................................................................. 33 7.1.2 Den skräckinjagande gestaltningen av Ted Bundy .................................................................... 35 7.2 Hur relaterar gestaltningen av Ted Bundy till typiska konventioner för true crime-genren? ........ 37 7.3 Sammanfattning .....................................................................................................................................
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