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Bayerisches Geoinstitut Jahresbericht 2010

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Bayerisches Geoinstitut Jahresbericht 2010 A N N U A L R E P O R T 2010 and list of publications Bayerisches Forschungsinstitut für Experimentelle Geochemie und Geophysik Universität Bayreuth Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany Telephone: +49-(0)921-55-3700 Telefax: +49-(0)921-55-3769 e-mail: [email protected] www: http://www.bgi.uni-bayreuth.de Editorial compilation by: Stefan Keyssner and Petra Buchert Section editors: Andreas Audétat, Tiziana Boffa Ballaran, Leonid Dubrovinsky, Dan Frost, Florian Heidelbach, Tomoo Katsura, Hans Keppler, Falko Langenhorst, Catherine McCammon, Nobuyoshi Miyajima, Dave Rubie, Henri Samuel, Gerd Steinle-Neumann, Nicolas Walte Staff and guests of the Bayerisches Geoinstitut in July 2010: Die Mitarbeiter und Gäste des Bayerischen Geoinstituts im Juli 2010: First row, from left (1. Reihe, v. links) Stefan Keyssner, Davide Novella, Hongzhan Fei, Richard McCormack, Qingguo Wei, Vojtech Vlcek, Mezhoura Oussadou, Ruifang Huang, Li Zhang, Federica Schiavi Second row, from left (2. Reihe, v. links) Florian Heidelbach, Sushant Shekhar, Coralie Weigel, Gleb Parakhonskiy, Lu Feng, Martha Pamato, Azzurra Zucchini, Mattia Giannini, Antje-Kathrin Vogel, Catherine McCammon, Vincenzo Stagno Third row, from left (3. Reihe, v. links) Henri Samuel, Alexander Kurnosov, Kilian Pollok, Sven Linhardt, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Yuan Li, Geeth Manthilake, Nobuyoshi Miyajima, Yoichi Nakajima, Heinz Fischer, Holger Kriegl Fourth row, from left (4. Reihe, v. links) Petra Buchert, Juliane Hopf, Nico de Koker, Mainak Mookherjee, Huaiwei Ni, Alberto Escudero, Diego Bernini, Xiaozhi Yang, Tomoo Katsura, Julien Chantel, Linda Lerchbaumer, Anna Spivak Fifth row, from left (5. Reihe, v. links) Dmytro Trots, Hans Keppler, Gerd Steinle-Neumann, Razvan Caracas, Patrick Cordier, Vladislav Aleksandrov, David Dolejš, Eran Greenberg, Hubert Schulze, Dan Frost Sixth row, from left (6. Reihe, v. links) Dennis Harries, Svyatoslav Shcheka, Ulrich Böhm, Oliver Rausch, Detlef Krauße, Volker Pechtold, Falko Langenhorst, Andreas Audétat, Stefan Übelhack, Leonid Dubrovinsky, Dave Rubie Absent (Es fehlten) Enikő Bali, Tiziana Boffa Ballaran, Uwe Dittmann, Ahmed El Goresy, Geertje Ganskow, Konstantin Glazyrin, Gertrud Gollner, Scott King, Lydia Kison-Herzing, Kurt Klasinski, Suzanne McEnroe, Sergey Ovsyannikov, Clemens Prescher, Wei Sun, Willem van Mierlo, Nico Walte Contents Foreword/Vorwort .............................................................................................................. 9/I 1. Advisory Board and Directorship ............................................................................... 11 1.1 Advisory Board .................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Leadership .......................................................................................................... 11 2. Staff, Funding and Facilities ...................................................................................... 13 2.1 Staff .................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Funding ............................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Laboratory and office facilities .......................................................................... 18 2.4 Experimental and analytical equipment ............................................................. 18 3. Forschungsprojekte - Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache.................................. III 3. Research Projects ....................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Earth and Planetary Structure ........................................................................... 21 a. Combined effects of plate motion and small-scale convection on mantle stirring efficiency (H. Samuel and S.D. King/Blacksburg) .............................. 23 b. The effect of continental lids on mantle convective stirring efficiency (H. Samuel, V. Aleksandrov and B. Deo/Kharagpur) ...................................... 24 c. Convective stirring efficiency at finite Prandtl number (H. Samuel) ............... 26 d. Adiabatic temperature profiles in the mantle (T. Katsura, in collaboration with A. Yoneda, D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino and E. Ito/Misasa) ....................... 27 e. Subducting slab with pressure- and temperature-dependent thermal properties (P. Maierová and G. Steinle-Neumann) .......................................... 30 f. The elasticity of lawsonite and the occurrence of low velocity layers (LVL) in subduction zones (J. Chantel, M. Mookherjee and D.J. Frost) .................... 31 g. Composition and stability of hydrous partial melts at 410 km (M. Mookherjee and D.J. Frost) ....................................................................... 33 h. Thermal conductivity of MgO periclase at deep mantle pressures: Implications for core-mantle boundary heat flux (N. de Koker) ...................... 35 i. Thermodynamics of iron melting to 100 GPa (G. Steinle-Neumann and D. Dolejš/Prague) ............................................................................................. 36 j. Stability of iron carbides at inner core conditions (M. Mookherjee and G. Steinle-Neumann) ........................................................................................ 38 k. Fragmentation of metal diapirs in terrestrial magma oceans (H. Samuel, D.C. Rubie and H.J. Melosh/West Lafayette) .............................. 40 3.2 Geochemistry .................................................................................................... 43 a. Oxygen isotopes in the ultra-refractory CAI Efremovka 101,1 and in the early solar nebula (J. Aléon/Orsay, K.D. McKeegan/Los Angeles, A. El Goresy and E. Charon/Paris) ................................................................... 44 1 b. Sulphide assemblages in primitive EH-3 chondrites ALHA77295, Sahara97072 and Sahara97158 (A. El Goresy, in collaboration with A. Gannoun/Clermont-Ferrand, M. Boyet/Clermont-Ferrand and S. Mostefaoui/Paris) ......................................................................................... 46 c. REE abundances in primitive EH chondrites (A. Gannoun and M. Boyet/ Clermont-Ferrand, A. El Goresy and B. Devouard/Clermont-Ferrand) ........... 49 d. Native Hg, cinnabarite, chalcocite, covellite and copper in the primitive H-3 chondrite Tieschitz: Novel constraints on condensation and accretion processes in the early Solar System (C. Caillet Komorowski/Paris, A. El Goresy, M. Miyahara/Sendai, O. Boudouma/Paris, M. Humayun/ Tallahassee, C. Ma/Pasadena and F. Robert/Paris) .......................................... 51 e. Sulphide mineralogies in CM and CM-like chondrites and their record of early solar system processes (D. Harries and F. Langenhorst) ......................... 52 f. Heterogeneous accretion and core-mantle differentiation of the terrestrial planets (D.C. Rubie, D.J. Frost, Y. Nakajima, A.-K. Vogel, in collaboration with F. Nimmo/Santa Cruz, D.P. O’Brien/Tucson, U. Mann/Zürich and H. Palme/Frankfurt) .......................................................................................... 54 g. The partitioning of volatile elements between metal and silicate at high pressures and temperatures (A.K. Vogel, D.C. Rubie, D.J. Frost and A. Audetat, in collaboration with H. Palme/Frankfurt) .................................... 55 h. Silicon and oxygen partitioning between metal, lower-mantle minerals, and silicate-melt during formation of the Earth’s core (Y. Nakajima, D.J. Frost and D.C. Rubie) ............................................................................... 57 i. Silicate perovskite and the terrestrial noble gas signature (S. Shcheka and H. Keppler) ....................................................................................................... 60 j. The stability of magnesite in the lower mantle and the transition zone as a function of oxygen fugacity (V. Stagno, Y. Tange/Ehime, N. Miyajima, C.A. McCammon, T. Irifune/Ehime and D.J. Frost) ........................................ 62 k. The oxygen fugacity for carbonate reduction in eclogite assemblages (V. Stagno, C.A. McCammon and D.J. Frost) ................................................. 64 l. Fe-Mg partitioning between carbonate melts and olivine (D.J. Frost and V. Stagno) ......................................................................................................... 67 m. Iron oxidation state of garnet from upper mantle xenoliths in the Gibeon kimberlite province (Namibia) (M. Longo, P. Nimis, F. Nestola and L. Ziberna/Padua; L. Franz/Basel and C.A. McCammon) .................................... 68 n. The oxidation state of mantle wedge garnet peridotites metasomatised by C-bearing subduction fluids (N. Malaspina and S. Poli/Milano; F. Langenhorst) ................................................................................................ 70 o. Partitioning of halogens between mantle minerals and aqueous fluids (D. Bernini, D. Dolejš/Prague, M. Wiedenbeck/Potsdam and H. Keppler) ..... 72 p. Composition of the bulk oceanic crust and its implications for mineralogical and physical properties of subducting lithosphere (Z. Chemia/Trondheim, D. Dolejš/Prague and G. Steinle-Neumann) ..................................................... 74 2 q. Molybdenite saturation in silicic magmas and its use to estimate magmatic fO2 and fS2 (A. Audétat, D. Dolejš/Prague, J.B. Lowenstern/Menlo
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