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Draft Final Report EC Fifthframeworkprogramme Discussion Paper-Work Inprogress 1999 -2002 and by Matthias L.Maier Catherine Divry at ✉ [email protected]

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Draft Final Report EC Fifthframeworkprogramme Discussion Paper-Work Inprogress 1999 -2002 and by Matthias L.Maier Catherine Divry at ✉ Forinfo@Iue.It 2002-FinRep © 2003 Thomas Risse & Matthias L. Maier. All rights reserved. For anyqueryorinformation, pleasecontacttheauthor(s)or No part of this paper may be distributed, quoted or reproduced inanyform without permission No partofthispapermaybedistributed, quotedorreproduced Impr Impr Europeanization, Collective Identities Collective Europeanization, For authorizedquotation(s),please acknowledgetheRSCASsource oving theSocio-economicKnowledgeBase oving theSocio-economicKnowledgeBase Thomas Risse and PublicDiscourses IDNET ThematicNetwork Draft FinalReport Draft EC FifthFrameworkProgramme Discussion Paper - Work inprogress Discussion Paper-Work 1999 -2002 and by Matthias L.Maier Catherine Divry at ✉ [email protected] rroobbeerrtt sscchhuummaann cceennttrree ffoorr aaddvvaanncceedd ssttuuddiieess eeuurrooppeeaann uunniivveerrssiittyy iinnssttiittuuttee Thematic Network EUROPEANIZATION, COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES AND PUBLIC DISCOURSES (IDNET) Final report Edited by THOMAS RISSE and MATTHIAS L. MAIER Project co-ordinator: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence (Prof. Thomas Risse) Partners: Institute of Psychology, Consiglio Nazionale di Ricerca, Rome (Prof. Laura Benigni, Dr. Anna Triandafyllidou) ARENA, University of Oslo (Prof. Jeffrey Checkel) Institute of Sociology, University of Konstanz (Prof. Bernhard Giesen) Institute of Sociology, Humboldt University, Berlin (Prof. Klaus Eder, Prof. Willfried Spohn) Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence (Prof. Thomas Risse) Project duration: 1 February 2000 – 30 November 2002 Report issued: 17 February 2003 Financed within the Key Action “Improving the Socio-economic Knowledge Base” Contract no. HPSE-CT-1999-00034 IDNET Final Report Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. Executive summary....................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background and objectives ................................................................................... 2 1.2 Results................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Policy implications.............................................................................................. 10 2. Background and objectives of the project ................................................................... 12 3. Scientific description of the project results and methodology .................................... 14 3.1 How can we study European identity and what do we know about it? An overview.............................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Europeanisation and identity change: conceptual and methodological questions ............................................................................................................. 24 3.3 European identity, visions of Europe, and historical memory............................ 33 3.4 European integration, socialisation, and identity change.................................... 44 3.5 Public discourses and the European public sphere ............................................. 51 3.6 Europeanisation, national identities, and the Eastern enlargement of the European Union .................................................................................................. 62 4. Conclusions and policy implications........................................................................... 71 4.1 European identity ................................................................................................ 71 4.2 Socialisation and identity change........................................................................ 74 4.3 Identities and enlargement .................................................................................. 76 4.4 The European public sphere................................................................................ 80 5. Dissemination and exploitation of results ................................................................... 82 5.1 Academic conferences and workshops ............................................................... 82 5.2 Dissemination activities for policy-makers and the general public .................... 82 5.3 Publications resulting from IDNET activities..................................................... 84 5.4 List of agreed deliverables .................................................................................. 85 6. Acknowledgements and references............................................................................. 86 6.1 Acknowledgements............................................................................................. 86 6.2 References........................................................................................................... 86 7. Annexes 7.1 IDNET keywords, as used in the annotated bibliographic database.................A-1 7.2 Conference programmes ...................................................................................A-2 7.3 Forthcoming publications: tables of content...................................................A-14 7.4 Report, Oslo outreach conference...................................................................A-19 IDNET Final Report Abstract IDNET is an interdisciplinary research network dedicated to questions of European iden- tity, comprising political scientists, sociologists, psychologists and historians. Its primary objective was to investigate the processes by which, and the outcomes with which, Euro- peanisation impacts upon and transforms collective identities relating to the nation-state. Mass media and public discourses as well as individuals’ direct interactions in more pri- vate settings were analysed to this effect, with a special emphasis on various forms of so- cialisation processes. Regarding the outcomes of processes of identity formation and change, particular attention was paid to the identification with Europe as opposed to, or in addition to, other collectivities; and to the substantive memories and values constituting a European identity. Process- and outcome-oriented perspectives were combined in analyses of the existence and the character of a European public sphere, as well as in discussions of the Eastern enlargement and its impact on European and national identities. IDNET has shown, among other things, (1) that European and national identities are re- lated to each other in non-zero sum, but rather complex terms; (2) that European integra- tion has left its mark on collective identities in EU member states, although to different de- grees among elites and masses; (3) that in the study of identities there is great potential for cross-fertilisation between various methodologies; (4) that different ways of remembering the past, and in particular the shift from triumphant to traumatic memories, constitute an important element of contemporary European identity; (5) that the concept of socialisation provides a useful tool for analysing identity changes but that socialisation processes vary strongly depending on specific conditions; (6) that a European public sphere is emerging, at least on specific issues, but more sophisticated analytical frameworks are needed to capture it; and (7) that the Eastern enlargement of the EU poses a variety of challenges as well as chances for the development of collective identities in the East as well as the West. On the basis of these findings IDNET draws several lessons for policy-makers in the EU and its member-states. These include (1) taking the existence of multiple national and European identities seriously; (2) the politicisation of European affairs; (3) overcoming the obstacles posed by linguistic diversity through consciously staged public rituals; and (4) the urgent need of going beyond mere institution-building and focusing on intercultural communication, especially in and with the new Eastern member states. - 1 - IDNET Final Report 1. Executive summary 1.1 Background and objectives Modern democracies rely upon the diffuse support of their citizens in order to gain legiti- macy, which is necessary to ensure compliance with inconvenient and costly norms and rules. Collective identification with a polity provides an important source of diffuse sup- port for political systems. The normative desirability and the empirical possibility of a collective European identity are thus directly linked to the issue of the democratic or le- gitimacy deficit of the European Union. In this context, IDNET has been concerned with four sets of questions: (1) What is the im- pact of Europeanisation and the emergence of a European polity on the collective identities of social groups in various countries? (2) What are the micro-mechanisms by which col- lective identities change; what is the role of learning, arguing, persuasion, and material in- centives in these processes? (3) Which role do the media and public discourses play in these processes of identity formation and identity change; is there an emerging European public sphere, or do public spheres continue to reside exclusively in the nation-states? (4) How does the Eastern enlargement of the European Union influence the European, na- tional, and social identities, the inter-European perceptions and discourses as well as the political cultures and the legitimacy bases of the European integration project?
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