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Imre Galambos Dunhuang Manuscript Culture Studies in Manuscript Cultures
Imre Galambos Dunhuang Manuscript Culture Studies in Manuscript Cultures Edited by Michael Friedrich Harunaga Isaacson Jörg B. Quenzer Volume 22 Imre Galambos Dunhuang Manuscript Culture End of the First Millennium ISBN 978-3-11-072349-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-072657-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-072710-4 ISSN 2365-9696 DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110726572 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020947881 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de © 2020 Imre Galambos, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Contents Acknowlegements | VII Conventions | VIII Introduction | 1 (i) The Dunhuang manuscripts | 3 (ii) The Guiyijun period | 7 (iii) A cross-cultural perspective | 11 (iv) Manuscripts as physical artefacts | 17 (v) Structure of the book | 19 1 Multiple-text Manuscripts | 23 1.1 New book forms in Dunhuang | 24 1.2 Multiple-text manuscripts with short scriptures | 37 1.3 Manuscript S.5531 | 45 1.4 Manuscripts P.3932 and P.3136 | 56 1.5 Other examples: S.5618 and beyond | 66 1.6 Scrolls | 79 1.7 Conclusions | 84 2 Manuscripts Written by Students | 85 2.1 Former scholarship -
The First Known Chinese Calendar: a Reconstruction by the Synchronic Evidential Approach
THE FIRST KNOWN CHINESE CALENDAR: A RECONSTRUCTION BY THE SYNCHRONIC EVIDENTIAL APPROACH by Xueshun Liu M.A., The University of Zhengzhou, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2005 © Xueshun Liu, 2005 ABSTRACT The first known Chinese calendar refers to the calendar embodied in the Yin oracle-bone inscriptions (OBI). Since 1925, the two-layered evidential method has been the standard approach to interpreting them. This method combines primary inscriptional evidence with secondary materials, resulting in inconclusiveness and inaccuracy in previous studies. By adopting the synchronic evidential approach, the present dissertation aims at accurately reconstructing the system by which the Yin divided time into fixed periods. Chapter 1 deals with background issues: it justifies the assertion that the Yin calendar was the first known Chinese calendar, presents inscriptional evidence indicating the existence of a prescriptive Yin calendar, proposes absolute dates for this calendar and justifies the adoption of the synchronic evidential approach. Chapter 2 focuses on time divisions in the Yin day. The two criteria for determining a time division in the OBI are defined as: 1) a word's usage as a time division in early Chinese texts, and 2) suitableness of this usage in inscriptional contexts. The order of the twelve time divisions shows that su WK is the first division of the Yin day. Su is thus the start of the Yin day. Chapter 3 analyzes the lunation in the Yin calendar. Inscriptional evidence confirms that the Yin month is either 30 or 29 days long. -
Creating a Philanthropic Culture and Citizenry in China: Child and Youth Philanthropy
School of International Studies Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney Creating a Philanthropic Culture and Citizenry in China: Child and Youth Philanthropy Su Xuezhong Doctor of Philosophy in International Studies 2015 Certificate of Authorship/Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Signature of Student Su Xuezhong 2015 i Abstract This thesis looks at efforts to create a philanthropic culture and citizenry in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) with a focus on education about philanthropy for young people. In this study philanthropy is defined as ‘the planned and structured giving of money, time, information, goods and services, and voice and influence, to improve the wellbeing of humanity and the community’ (‘Philanthropy’ n.d.). Efforts to teach children and youth about philanthropy are significant because of the relative newness of philanthropy as a concept in the PRC. Following the PRC’s founding in 1949 and the establishment of a socialist society, older forms of organized charity were eliminated from everyday life. Government-organized charities were established in the 1990s, but the Chinese government has only given policy support for the development of a domestic non-profit sector since the 1990s, and especially since the 2000s.