DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study on the Effect of Out-Of-Roundness of Drum Brake Rotor on the Braking Force Using the Finite Element Method

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study on the Effect of Out-Of-Roundness of Drum Brake Rotor on the Braking Force Using the Finite Element Method View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository@USM A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF OUT-OF-ROUNDNESS OF DRUM BRAKE ROTOR ON THE BRAKING FORCE USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD by MUHAMMAD NAJIB BIN ABDUL HAMID Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science JUNE 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my truly gratitude and highest appreciation to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr Zaidi Mohd Ripin for his precious guidance, support, training, advice and encouragement throughout my Master of Science study. My special acknowledgement is also dedicated to Universiti Sains Malaysia for providing me with the scholarship through the Graduate Assistant scheme during my study. I also would like to thank all the technicians for their valuable support and help. I would like to express my gratefulness to my beloved family for their support especially to my parents who have done most excellent in providing me with education. I would also acknowledge my entire friends at School of Mechanical Engineering for their great and favorable support. A truly thankfulness are dedicated to all who involve in this project directly and indirectly. Thank you very much. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF NOMENCLATURES viii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS & SEMINARS x ABSTRAK xi ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background 1 1.1 Problem statement 2 1.2 Research scope and objective 2 1.3 Thesis outline 3 CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 General overview 4 2.1 Friction material 5 2.2 Drum brake construction 6 2.3 Brake effectiveness 11 2.4 Contact analysis 21 2.5 Other studies on drum brake analysis 25 2.6 Discussion 25 2.8 Summary 27 CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction 28 3.1 Braking force experiment 30 3.2 Finite element analysis 35 3.3 Lining compression test 38 iii 3.4 Roundness measurement 39 3.5 Summary 40 CHAPTER FOUR : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction 41 4.1 Roundness measurement 41 4.2 Lining compression test 44 4.3 Braking force experiment results 45 4.4 Finite element analysis 51 4.5 Discussion 56 4.6 Summary 59 CHAPTER FIVE : CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0 Conclusions 61 5.1 Recommendations 62 REFERENCES 63 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS & SEMINARS 66 iv LIST OF TABLES Page 2.1 Total brake factors for different designs of simplex drum brake 20 4.1 The brake force and brake factor for various load level. 48 4.2 Parameter value for the motorcycle drum brake analyzed 49 4.3 Brake factor values calculated from Hohmann and Mahmoud 49 equation 4.4 Contact pressure distribution along trailing and leading lining at 52 the certain angle rotation 4.5 The Pearson’s coefficient of correlations 59 v LIST OF FIGURES Page 2.1 Coefficient of friction variations against the number of brakes 6 with the drum brake. 2.2 A design of simplex or leading-trailing drum brake 8 2.3 Duplex drum brake with two single-piston wheel 9 2.4 Duo-servo drum brake operation. The primary shoe on the left 10 exerts a force on the secondary shoe on the right 2.5 Schematic of an internally expanding shoe brake 12 2.6 Two shoes on simplex drum brake 15 2.7 A brake with two leading shoes 16 2.8 Brake factor C* as a function of the coefficient of friction 17 2.9 Schematic of simplex S-cam drum brake used by Hohmann et 18 al (1999) in analysis to formulate brake parameter 2.10 Simplified Free Body Diagram for simplex drum brake 19 2.11 Drum brake pressure distributions 22 3.1 The drum brake used for the analysis 28 3.2 Flowchart for the overall methodology of the study 29 3.3 Drum brake mounted on the bracket for testing 31 3.4 Experimental setup for measuring brake force for a drum brake 32 using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). 3.5 Force diagram on the drum brake experiment 33 3.6 The drawing of drum brake used in this analysis 35 3.7 The dimension of brake shoe 36 3.8 Brake shoe modeled in ABAQUS 6.5 37 3.9 Drum brake system modeled in ABAQUS 38 3.10 Brake shoe compression test modeling to validate the value 39 of lining modulus of elasticity 3.11 The brake drum in place for roundness test 40 4.1 Roundness profile with a marking sign using 250 µm scale 42 range 4.2 Roundness profile using scale range of 50 µm 42 4.3 Roundness profile of the drum brake rotor inside surface using 43 a scale range of 25 µm 4.4 Result for lining shoe compression for experiment and 44 modeling vi 4.5 Variation of braking torque with the angle of rotation for 46 repeated measurement of 50N applied load 4.6 Variation of measured braking torque to the rotation angle for 4 different pedal load 4.7 Variation of brake factor for different load experimentally and 50 theoretically 4.8 The location of the centre of pressure for leading and trailing 53 shoes 4.9 The variation of brake factor for 50N applied load 54 4.10 The comparison between experimental result and finite 55 element analysis result for applied load of 50N 4.11 The part where the wear is affected the most in the test 57 4.12 Variation of the braking force and the roundness profile with 58 the angular rotation of the drum brake, the diagram above it shows the orientation of the drum when rotated 4.13 The relationship of roundness effect 60 vii NOMENCLATURES a : distance between drum centre point and pivot point b1 : distance between drum centre point and cam contact point for leading shoe b2 : distance between drum centre point and cam contact point for trailing shoe c : distance between drum centre point and tangential force C* : brake factor C1 : brake shoe factor (leading shoe) C2 : brake shoe factor (trailing shoe) F : applied load force Ff : friction force Fb : braking force h : distance between cam centre point and pivot point K : Spring stiffness Ma : applied moment Mf : friction force moment Mn : normal force moment Mt : total moment N : normal reaction force Pi : pressure at node Pmax : maximum pressure (leading shoe) P’max : maximum pressure (trailing shoe) Pn : normal pressure on small element Pr : radial pressure on small element R1 : reaction force by friction (leading shoe) R2 : reaction force by friction (trailing shoe) r : radius of brake lining viii ri : inner radius of drum rotor rl : length of the arm lever ro : outer radius of drum S1 : reaction force at cam or rolls point (leading shoe) S2 : reaction force at cam or rolls point (trailing shoe) T : torque T2L : torque for double leading brake w : width of brake lining W : applied load xcp : centre of pressure μ : friction coefficient α : angle of brake lining φ : angle of element on brake lining measured from pivot point θ1 : angle between pivot point and starting point of lining. θ2 : angle between pivot point and ending point of lining ix LIST OF PUBLICATIONS & SEMINARS Page 1 Analysis of contact pressure distribution effect on drum brake 66 squeal noise using the finite element method 2 Analysis of brake shoe vibration using multi body dynamics 66 approach x KAJIAN KESAN KETIDAK-BULATAN PEMUTAR GELENDONG BREK TERHADAP DAYA BREK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KAEDAH UNSUR TERHINGGA ABSTRAK Rekabentuk kasut depan-kasut mengekor digunakan dengan meluas sebagai brek belakang untuk kereta penumpang dan lori ringan. Gelendong brek biasanya dianggap bulat sepenuhnya dan ini dilaporkan dalam mana-mana hasil kerja yang telah dilakukan oleh penyelidik. Sebelum ini, kesan sebenar terhadap kebulatan gelendong dengan daya brek belum lagi dikaji. Dalam kajian ini, gelendong brek motosikal diuji kebulatannya dan dijalankan ujian daya brek serta ujian mampatan bahan pelapiknya. Ujian kebulatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ujian kebulatan Mitutoyo RA-100 untuk mendapatkan profil kebulatan. Manakala ujian daya brek dijalankan dengan menggunakan mesin ujian semesta. Ujian mampatan bahan pelapik juga dijalankan dengan menggunakan mesin ujian semesta untuk menentu-sahkan nilai modulus keanjalan Young. Analisis kaedah unsur juga digunakan dalam kajian ini. Hasil keputusan menunjukkan gelendong brek adalah tidak bulat sepenuhnya manakala keputusan ujian brek pula menunjukkan daya brek yang berubah-ubah. Hubungan antara hasil experimen dan kaedah unsur terhingga menunjukkan hubungan yang baik dengan nilai pekali Pearson 0.828. Hasil keputusan menunjukkan bahawa bentuk gelendong memberi kesan kepada taburan tekanan sentuhan, daya brek dan juga faktor brek. Daya brek dan faktor brek meningkat dengan daya yang dikenakan. Nilai brek faktor dikira dalam julat 0.5 ke 2.0 yang mana hampir kepada nilai teori faktor brek 2.0 bagi pekali geseran 0.3. Dengan ini boleh disimpulkan bahawa kebulatan mempengaruhi daya geseran brek yang terhasil yang mana akan mempengaruhi nilai pekali brek. xi A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF OUT OF ROUNDNESS OF DRUM BRAKE ROTOR ON THE BRAKING FORCE USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ABSTRACT The leading-trailing shoe design is used extensively as rear brake on passenger cars and light weight pickup trucks. In the drum brake, the drum is assumed to be perfectly round and this is the case as reported by simulation work done elsewhere. The true effect of roundness of the drum on the brake force has not been investigated. In this study, a brake drum of a motorcycle was subjected to the roundness test, the brake force test and the lining compression test. Firstly, the roundness test was carried out using the Mitutoyo Roundtest RA-100 to determine the roundness profile of drum.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review Paper on Drum Brake
    IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 18, Issue 3 Ser. II (May – June 2021), PP 48-51 www.iosrjournals.org A review paper on Drum brake Shubhendra Khapre1 Dr. Rajesh Metkar2 1Dept. of Mechanical Engg, GCOEA 2Prof. Dept. of Mechanical Engg, GCOEA Abstract: In the automobile, there is a most common and important factor is safety like, braking system, airbags, good suspension, good handling, and safe cornering, etc. from the all safety system the most important and critical system is a brake system. A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion. A drum brake is a brake that uses friction caused by a set of shoes or pads that press against a rotating drum-shaped part called a brake drum. In this paper, we have studied the brake shoe of motor vehicles. A brake shoe is the part of a braking system which carries the brake lining in the drum brakes used on automobile or brake block in train brakes and bicycle brakes. A brake shoe is also known as a device which can be slow down railroad cars. Keywords: Breaking system, Suspension, Brake shoe, Brake lining. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 02-06-2021 Date of Acceptance: 15-06-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction We know about the braking system, there are few types of brakes like a drum brake, disc brake. The drum brake consists of backing plates, brake drum, wheel cylinder, brake pads, brake shoe, etc. The drum brake is used in various motor vehicles like passenger cars, lightweight trucks, most of the two-wheelers.
    [Show full text]
  • Drum Brakes Inspection & Service
    Drum Brakes Inspection & Service First you must get the drum off! • Some slide right off, • Some have to be hit with a hammer. • Some have holes to install two bolts (Tighten each bolt equally) Remove A Brake Drum Use penetrant around axle hub May need to hammer floating drum Wet down inside of drum to control dust before hammering Only hammer on the axle flange! (ask to be shown) May need to adjust brake shoes inward Remove A Brake Drum For a fixed brake drum you will need to carefully adjust the wheel bearings when done! There are many tricks to removing stuck brake drums. Before you break something ASK! Understand each piece and avoid mistakes Terminology Anchor Wheel Cylinder Brake Shoes Primary Secondary Return Springs Shoe hold downs Terminology Parking Brake Strut Parking Brake Cable Self Adjusters Backing Plate (often neglected) Backing Plates Backing plates are often overlooked and usually have grooved & worn shoe support pads Be sure to thoroughly clean backing plate and lightly lube the support pads • contact points on backing plate are called a shoe pad. They should be filed flat to prevent shoes from hanging up in deep grooves or better yet just replace the backing plate. Always lube Shoe Support Tabs with a thin layer of Synthetic Disc Brake Lubricant (or suitable lube) Be careful… do not use too much. Grease on brake shoes is BIG TROUBLE! Dual-Servo or Leading-Trailing • Drum brakes on Rear Wheel drive are most often Dual Servo. • They have a Primary and Secondary brake shoe • The Primary shoe friction material is shorter and it faces the front of the vehicle Dual Servo braking action Both brake shoes will pivot Primary shoe will wedge the secondary out into the drum Primary and secondary shoe will fit backwards, but not properly work Which is the primary shoe? Where is the front of this vehicle? Dual-Servo or Leading-Trailing • Drum brakes on Front Wheel drive are most often Leading-Trailing.
    [Show full text]
  • Friction Material Basics and Brake Shoe Remanufacturing Procedures
    an brand SP-01100 IssuedRev 07/08 6/01 Friction Material Basics and Brake Shoe Remanufacturing Procedures Handbook for a Better Understanding of How Friction Materials are Specified Table of Contents Section 1 .................................................................................................................................. 3 Friction Basics / The Fundamentals of Braking How friction material works and it’s role in a brake system. Section 2 ................................................................................................................................ 25 Meritor Lining Qualification and Application What the ArvinMeritor lining approval process means in regard to friction quality and how to understand the technical selling points and interpret a spec sheet. Section 3 ................................................................................................................................ 48 Air Cam Foundation Brake Troubleshooting Friction material is one of many components in a brake system. What are the most common causes of brake problems? Section 4 ................................................................................................................................ 72 Brake Shoe Remanufacturing Procedures The proper inspection procedures, brake shoe checks, lining selection and installation, and final inspection. Provides a set of standards for remanufacturing brake shoes. 2 SECTION 1 - FRICTION BASICS FUNDAMENTALS OF BRAKING The discovery of the wheel was a tremendous technological “leap
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Manufacturing of Brake Shoe
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Design and Manufacturing of Brake Shoe Praveen Pachauri1, Arshad Ali2 1ME Prof., Mechanical Department, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gr. Noida, India 2UG, Mechanical Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gr. Noida, India Abstract: The aim of this article is to design and manufacturing of Hero Honda Splendor brake shoe. Analysis is done by changing the material of the brake shoe, under different braking time and operational conditions. Brake shoe is optimized to obtain different stresses, deformation values on different braking time. Optimized results obtained are compared for Aluminium alloy and Gray cast iron material. It concludes that the aluminium alloys can be a better candidate material for the brake shoe applications of light commercial vehicles and it also increases the braking performance. Keywords: Brake shoe, Al alloy brake shoe, Grey cast iron brake shoe, Finite Element Analysis, and Solid works 1. Introduction when brakes are not applied. The brake drum Braking System closes inside it the whole mechanism to protect it Drum brakes were the first types of brakes used on motor from dust and first. A plate holds whole assembly and fits to vehicles. Nowadays, over 100 years after the first usage, car axle. It acts as a base to fasten the brake shoes and other drum brakes are still used on the rear wheels of most operating mechanism. Braking power is obtained when the vehicles. The drum brake is used widely as the rear brake brake shoes are pushed against the inner surface of the drum particularly for small car and motorcycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Now Introducing New Brake Shoe Kits Otr Has a Complete Line of Brake Shoes from Short to Long Haul, Severe Service, Rsd, and More
    NOW INTRODUCING NEW BRAKE SHOE KITS OTR HAS A COMPLETE LINE OF BRAKE SHOES FROM SHORT TO LONG HAUL, SEVERE SERVICE, RSD, AND MORE. Available at At OTR we are dedicated to providing the highest quality heavy-duty parts on or off road. Extensive customer research, independent testing, and product development go into each of our parts to ensure they keep your drivers safe and your trucks on the road. TRUCKING IS OUR BUSINESS™ OTR offers a full line of premium quality brake components backed by a nationwide warranty. Whether you need a 20K GAWR brake drum, automatic slack adjuster, air disc brakes or service chambers, OTR has what you need to get the job done. OTR New Brake Shoe Kits ......1 Heavy Haul (23HH) ............8 RSD (20,000 GAWR)...........2 Heavy Haul Pro (23HP).........9 RSD (23,000 GAWR)...........3 Severe Service (23SS, 26SS) ..10 Linehaul (20LH) ...............4 Color & Part Number Guides......11 Fleet (20FL) ..................5 Formula Cross Reference .....12 Fleet Pro (20 FP) ..............6 Application Guide ............13 Linehaul (23LH) ...............7 QUALITY • INNOVATION • DURABILITY AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS • A/C • AIR INTAKE & EXHAUST • BRAKES • CAB • CHROME COOLING SYSTEM • ELECTRICAL • FILTRATION • HYDRAULICS • LIGHTING • LUBRICATION POWERTRAIN • STARTERS & ALTERNATORS • STEERING • SUSPENSION • TOOLS • WHEEL END OTR NEW BRAKE SHOE KITS VOCATION SPECIFIC FRICTION MATERIAL • Meets or exceeds all FMVSS121 requirements • Exceptional flex strength and elements of elasticity to prevent cracking • Superior drum compatibility,
    [Show full text]
  • Locomotive Parking Brake
    Product Guide LOCOMOTIVE, RAILCAR & RAIL SERVICES PRODUCTS E2O : Engineered to Outperform www.nyabproducts.com Everything we do is Engineered to Outperform. Introduction From our control valve that preserves 85% of the brake force lost to brake cylinder leakage and keeps cars running longer; to our Electronic Brake Valve, that’s installed on over 95% of heavy-haul locomotives and sets the standard for reliability; to our train handling system that reduces fuel consumption by up to 16% and runs longer trains; to an air compressor that lasts 8 years without overhauls and uses no oil… New York Air Brake has a proven track record of innovating train control solutions that help heavy-haul railroads run smarter, safer and more profitably. To calculate our total value is to also account for countless intangible benefits we deliver to our customers: whether it’s the responsiveness and knowledge of our field service experts, speedy shipments and a vast inventory of the parts you need at our centrally located Kansas service center, or the reliability and operational excellence of our precision manufacturing and lean logistics systems. Looking to align your operation with a train control company that delivers industry-leading technology and support? Talk to us. We’ll listen. 315.786.5431 or www.nyab.com E2O : Engineered to Outperform Locomotive, Railcar & Rail Services Products Innovation, Right Down the Line. New York Air Brake is Knorr-Bremse’s worldwide Center of Competence for Heavy Haul Train Control. NYAB Headquarters, Watertown NY Since 1991, New York Air Brake has been a member company of Knorr-Bremse -- the world’s leading manufacturer of braking systems for rail and commercial vehicles, with more than one billion people transported each day on board vehicles and trains equipped with Knorr-Bremse systems.
    [Show full text]
  • ON MAGNETIC PULLING FORCE in LINEAR EDDY-CURRENT BRAKE Jacek SKOWRON Rail Vehicle Institute Cracow University of Technology Poland, PL 31-155
    PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA SER. TRANSP. ENG. VOL. 21, NO. 3, PP. 273-279 (1993) ON MAGNETIC PULLING FORCE IN LINEAR EDDY-CURRENT BRAKE Jacek SKOWRON Rail Vehicle Institute Cracow University of Technology Poland, PL 31-155 Received Nov. 10, 1992 Abstract In the paper, the mathematical model of the phenomena occurring in the rail eddy-current brake of a passenger train has been worked out. Braking forces between a moving brake shoe and motionless rail are investigated. The analysis is based on the solution to one­ dimensional vector potential in the inductor, brake air-gap and railway rail (rotor). 1. Introduction The interest in setting up new braking systems for passenger trains results from an increase of travelling speed of trains in which self-acting, friction, air brakes are not efficient enough. Introducing an additional brake be­ comes inevitable in this situation. The additional brake performs as a service brake within the range of high speed. Afterwards this task is ful­ filled by the pneumatic brake only when travelling speed is reducer below certain speed value. A rail-type eddy-current brake may serve for this pur­ pose. The rail-type eddy-current brake is constructed like the rail brake. The brake inductor, parallel to rail brake shoe, does not press on the rail, but it is installed at a short distance from it (several millimeters). In recent works [1 - 5] and [7] on eddy current brakes, only horizontal component of magnetic force acting on brake shoe has been considered, without taking into account vertical magnetic pulling force, treating it as inner force car­ ried by the wheel sets.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Automotive Brake Drum−Shoe Interface Friction Coefficient Under Varying Conditions of Longitudinal Forces Using Simulink
    Friction 3(3): 214–227 (2015) ISSN 2223-7690 DOI 10.1007/s40544-015-0082-6 CN 10-1237/TH RESEARCH ARTICLE Estimation of automotive brake drum−shoe interface friction coefficient under varying conditions of longitudinal forces using Simulink H. P. KHAIRNAR1,*, V. M. PHALLE2, S. S. MANTHA3 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, VJTI, Mumbai, India 2 Mechanical Engineering Department,VJTI, Mumbai, India 3 All India Council of Technical Education, New Delhi, India Received: 19 December 2014 / Revised: 27 March 2015 / Accepted: 11 May 2015 © The author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract: The suitable brake torque at the shoe–drum interface is the prerequisite of the active safety control. Estimation of accurate brake torque under varying conditions is predominantly the function of friction coefficient at the shoe–drum interface. The extracted friction coefficient has been used in the antilock braking system (ABS) algorithm to plot the μ–slip curve. The longitudinal forces like Coulomb friction force, contact force and actuating forces at the shoe ends are resolved under the equilibrium condition. The computation of the friction coefficient is presented for the symmetric and asymmetric length of the drum shoes to track the variations in the longitudinal forces. The classical mechanics formulae considering friction are simulated using virtual environment in Matlab/Simulink for the distribution of the Coulomb force. The dual air braking system set up operated at the 8 bar pressure is used to acquire data for the input parameters like distance of Coulomb friction force, distance of pivot point, and contact force applied.
    [Show full text]
  • Oscillating Tandem Bogies Type RZP Swivel Axles
    Maintenance manual Oscillating tandem bogies Type RZP Swivel axles Edition 6/2003 Service Operating instruction The vehicle owner is responsible for operating the unit within the specified axle load capacities and speed limits. Refer to axle type plate. Drive the vehicle at a speed according to road condition. Follow the SAF-instructions for maintenace. Refer to general maintenance schedule. type plate swivel axle type plate walking beam Spare parts service for SAF axles and suspension systems When ordering spare parts, quote correct axle identification serial no., refer to the axle type plate. Please enter the axle identification figures in the type plates shown below so that correct specifications are available when required. 169.02 .1 4 1 7 Identification of axles in case of type plate absence Serial-No. on spindle end 11346GB Edition 0603 2 Contents Page Operating instruction..............................................................................................................................................2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................4 General operating instructions ..............................................................................................................................5 General maintenance schedule ..............................................................................................................................7 NOTES ..................................................................................................................................................6/18/24/28/32
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Principles of Brakes
    COLUMN Value Creation Model Markets and Products Basic Principles of Brakes Providing Safety and Peace of Mind Here we explain the structure and function of A 0 A A also draws on its accumulated comprehensive brake technologies to develop and supply brakes for motorcycles, rolling stock and industrial machinery, as well as sensor products. What is a Brake? Types of Brakes It is a device that utilizes friction to cause a vehicle Each of the four wheels on an automobile is to decelerate and/or stop by converting kinetic equipped with a brake. Depending on the usage and energy into heat energy. Sudden braking at 100 characteristics of the car, the wheels may have disc km/h generates enough heat to raise the tempera- brakes or drum brakes. Disc brakes have the ture of two liters of water from 0°C to boiling capability to stop a car in a stable manner even at a (100°C). Brakes are relatively small compared with high speed, while drum brakes have the capability to other major automobile components, and the space stop heavier vehicles. A vehicle can be equipped where they are mounted is restricted. Complex with different combinations of disc and drum brakes. controls are required to absorb the output power of Some vehicles use disc brakes on the front and rear the engine and brake safely. Brakes are considered wheels, while others use disc brakes on the front an important safety component in an automobile and drum brakes on the rear. Value Creation Model because of their key role in ensuring vehicle safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard for Passenger Car Tread Brake Shoe and Disc Brake Pad Periodic Inspection and Maintenance
    APTA PR-IM-S-009-98 Edited 2-13-04 9. APTA PR-IM-S-009-98 Standard for Passenger Car Tread Brake Shoe and Disc Brake Pad Periodic Inspection and Maintenance Approved October 14, 1998 APTA PRESS Task Force Authorized March 17, 1999 APTA Commuter Rail Executive Committee Abstract: This standard covers the basic procedures for the periodic inspection and maintenance of the tread brake shoes and disc brake pads of passenger cars, with emphasis on the maintenance of safety appliances and other safety critical systems. Keywords: brake system, brake system maintenance, brake system periodic inspection and maintenance, disc brake pads, disc brake pad maintenance, tread brake shoe and disc brake pad periodic inspection and maintenance, tread brake shoes, tread brake shoe maintenance Copyright © 1999 by The American Public Transportation Association 1666 K Street, N. W. Washington, DC, 20006, USA No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of The American Public Transportation Association. 9.0 Volume IV – Inspection & Maintenance APTA PR-IM-S-009-98 Edited 2-13-04 Introduction (This introduction is not a part of APTA PR-IM-S-009-98, Standard for Passenger Car Tread Brake Shoe and Disc Brake Pad Periodic Inspection and Maintenance.) This introduction provides some background on the rationale used to develop this standard. It is meant to aid in the understanding and application of this standard. This standard describes the basic maintenance and inspection functions for friction brake material on passenger cars. It is intended for the following: a) Individuals or organizations that maintain tread brake shoes and disc brake pads on passenger cars; b) Individuals or organizations that contract with others for the maintenance of tread brake shoes and disc brake pads on passenger cars; and c) Individuals or organizations that influence how tread brake shoes and disc brake pads are maintained on passenger cars.
    [Show full text]
  • Meritor® Aftermarket Friction Beyond Friction That Fits
    MERITOR® AFTERMARKET FRICTION BEYOND FRICTION THAT FITS. WE MATCH YOUR NEEDS. As a worldwide brake leader for the commercial vehicle The result of many decades of proven engineering, industry, Meritor brings unsurpassed brake experience scientific methodology, relentless testing and meeting and expertise to the development of friction material. We every performance standard, with continuous supply more than 2 million production brake assemblies improvement, the Meritor lineup provides multiple solutions per year for trucks, trailers, buses and coaches in for commercial customers. We provide choices that go virtually every application for leading Original Equipment way beyond what competitors can offer. With Meritor, Manufacturers (OEMs) across North America and Europe. you get exactly the level of brake performance needed In addition, Meritor’s award-winning remanufactured brake to help you reach your performance and cost objectives. plant, located in Plainfield, Indiana, supplies over 7 million Our lineup includes high-performance brake blocks shoes to the commercial vehicle industry, making Meritor and brake shoes, including PlatinumShield™ III coated the leader in supplying fleets with replacement shoes. brake shoes that resist rust-jacking, plus brake hardware for a wide range of commercial vehicle applications. The Meritor® Aftermarket friction material product line provides the most comprehensive selection of commercial To make the most of the many choices Meritor provides, friction material available, with the absolute best range of it’s important to understand the different levels of brake choices for your bottom line. friction provided by Meritor. DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FRICTION. ONE IS IDEAL FOR YOUR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE. ■ MA – Production friction materials provide the highest levels of stopping performance, which in many cases exceed established industry standards and FMVSS 121 requirements, and are the result of extensive testing and development.
    [Show full text]