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Home , Antonin Artaud, Francis Picabia, Jean Giraudoux, Le Voyageur sans bagage, Louis Jouvet, Lucienne Bogaert

Notes

Dates of reviews in newspapers are given in brackets as in note 5, chapter 3 (11.11.46).

PART 1: , AND THE OF CRUELTY

1. Andre Breton, Manifeste du Surrealisme, p. 51. 2. Ibid., p. 11. 3. , 'Une vague de reves', Commerce, automne, 1924. 4. From Nadeau, Surrealisme, p. 45.

1. , 'The Gas Heart'

1. J. H. Matthews, Theatre in Dada and Surrealism, p. 18. 2. Michel Corvin, Revue d'Histoire du Theatre, 1971-73. Le Theatre existe-t-il?', p. 21. 3. Elmer Peterson, Tristan Tzara, p. 43. 4. Ibid., p. 35. 5. Micheline Tison-Braun, Tristran Tzara inventeur de l'homme nouveau, p. 7. 6. Corvin, p. 228.

171 French Theatre 1918-1939 7. Matthews, pp. 19-22. 8. Ibid., pp. 22-30. 9. Corvin, p. 255. 10. Ibid., p. 260. 11. Matthews, pp. 3(}..38. Quotes Henri Behar, Etude sur le Theatre Dada et Surrealiste, p. 159. 12. Ibid., p. 32. 13. Matthews, pp. 3(}..35. 14. Ibid., p. 20.

2. Andre Breton

1. Andre Breton,Manifeste du Surrealisme, p. 37. 2. Ibid., p. 34. 3. Andre Breton, Les Pas perdus, p. 9. 4. J. H. Matthews, Theatre in Dada and Surrealism, p. 88. 5. Ibid., p. 90. 6. Ibid., pp. 97-100.

3. , 'Victor'

1. Henri Behar, Roger Vitrac, p. 18; 42-47. 2. Antonin Artaud, Oeuvres completes, II, p. 14. 3. Ibid., II, p. 12. 4. Ibid., II, p. 267. 5. See J. H. Matthews, Theatre in Dada and Surrealism, pp. 109-32. From Le Figaro litteraire (11.11.46). 6. Roger Vitrac, Theatre. : Gallimard, 1946. All references to Victor comes from this edition. See Artaud, II, pp. 74-77. 7. Matthews, p. 129. 8. Behar, pp. 185-190. The cast consisted of Juliette Greco, Mylene Gage, Christiane and Monique Lenier, as the General, Yvan Pench, Claude Laurent, and Michel de Re as Victor. 9. Ibid., p. 196. The cast included Claude Rich, Bernard Noel, Monique Melinand, Uta Taeger, Hubert Deschamps, Odile Mallet, Nelly Benedetti, Alain Mottet. See , 'Roger Vitrac,' Le Figaro (1.10.62). 10. Artaud, II, p. 174.

172 Notes 4. Antonio Artaud, The

1. Antonin Artaud, Oeuvres completes, I, pp. 74-81; p. 252. 2, Antonin Artaud, The Theater and its Double. Translated by Mary Caroline Richards, p. 71. See Bettina L. Knapp, Antonin Artaud, Man of Vision. 3. Ibid., pp. 65, 67. 4. Ibid., p. 116. 5. Ibid., pp. 85, 104. 6. Ibid., pp. 85, 134. 7. Ibid., pp. 135-6. See Oeuvres completes, IV, 'Le Theatre de Seraphin.' 8. The Theater and its Double, pp. 140, 110,46.

PART II: FARCE, COMEDY, SATIRE

5. Fernand Crommelynck, 'The Magnificant Cuckold' 1. See Bettina L. Knapp, Fernand Crommelynck. 2. The Magnificent Cuckold opened on December 18, 1920 in Paris. Stella was played by R. Camier; the Nurse by Bianchini; Cornelie by Ferne!; Leroy was Florence; Bruno was Lugne-Poe; Petrus was R. Weber; the Bourgemestre was Guy; the Cowherd was Noel; Estrugo was S. Plaute, the Count was Raoul. 3. Robert Kemp, Le Monde (1.22.46). 4. Guillot de Saix (9.10.21). 5. Actors on Acting. Edited by Toby Cole, p. 441. 6. Vsevolod Meyerhold, Le Theatre theatral, p. 171. 7. Meyerhold, pp. 155-57. 8. L'Oeuvre (18.9.41); Paris-Midi (6.9.41); L'Atelier (13.9.41). 6. Michel de Ghelderode, 'Escurial'

1. Michel de Ghelderode, 'Ostend Interviews,' in Seven Plays. Translated by George Hauger. I, p. 14. 2. Andre Vandegans, 'Les sources plastiques d'Escurial,' Revue d'histoire du theatre, I, 1967, p. 26. 3. Michel de Ghelderode, Theatre. I, p. 238. 4. Andre Alter, L'Aube (23.12.48); Catherine Va!ogne,Arts (24.12.48); Jean-Jacques Gautier, Le Figaro (27 .12.48).

173 French Theatre 1918-1939 PART III: MYTHIC THEATRE

7. , 'Orpheus'

1. See Bettina L. Knapp, Jean Cocteau. 2. The cast was the following: Orpheus (Georges Pitoeff), Heurtebrise (Marcel Herrand), (Ludmilla Pitoeff), Death (Mireille Havet), Azrael (Alfred Penay), Raphael (Georges de Vos). Sets were created by Jean-Victor Hugo; the costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. 3. Andre Beucler, La Nouvelle Revue Franfaise, 17, 1926; Chronique Dramatique d'etudes (5.10.26); Independent Beige (17.10.26).

8. , 'Ondine' and ''

1. See Robert Cohen, Giraudoux Three Faces of Destiny and Bettina L. Knapp, Man of the Theatre. 2. The cast consisted of Le Chevalier Hans (Louis Jouvet), the Chambellan (Felix Oudart); Auguste (Romain Bouquet), the King of the Ondines (Auguste Boverio), Ondine (), Eugenie (Raymone), Bertha (Jeanne Hardeyn), Queen Iseult (Jeanne Reinhardt). The sets were created by Pavel Tchelitchew; the costumes, by Ira Belline; the music, by Henri Sauget. 3. Louis Jouvet, 'Dans les yeux de Giraudoux,' Les Lettres franfaises (14.5.39). 4. Robert Kemp,Le Temps (5.5.39).Feuilleton du Journal Le Temps (8.5.39). 5. Emile Mass, Le Petite bleu (5.5.39); Robert Kemps, Le Temps (5.5.39); Benjamin Cremieux, La Lumiere (12.5.39) /'Age nouveau (6.5.39); Lucien Descaves, L'Intransigeant (5.5.39). 6. Andre Wamold, 'J'ai epoussete le buste d'Electre,' Le Figaro (11.5.37). 7. The cast consisted of the Ragpicker (Louis Jouvet), the young man, Martial (Baconnet), the President (Felix Oudard), Irma (Monique Melinand); Aurelia, the Madwoman of Chaillot

174 Notes (Marguerite Moreno), Constance, the Madwoman of (Marguerite Mayane); Gabrielle, the Madwoman of Saint­ Sulpice (Raymone), Josephine, the Madwoman of the Concorde (); some of the exploiters (Michel Etcheverry, Michel Grosse, Jean Bloch), etc. The sets and costumes were created by Christian Berard. 8. Fabien Sollar, Le Matin (25.12.45); Pierre Lestinguez,XX Siecle (13.12.45); Jean-Jacques Gautier, Le Figaro (20.12.45); Maurice Schumann, L'Aube (21.12.45), Joseph Kessel, ­ Soir (2.12.45). 9. Jean Giraudoux, Le Theatre complet. VIII, p. 44.

9. Jean Anouilh, 'The TraveUer Without Luggage'

1. Jean Anouilh, Pieces brillantes, p. 387. 2. See Alba della Fazia,Jean Anouilh; John Harvey ,Anouilh: A Study in Theatrics; Leonard Pronko, The World of Jean Anouilh. 3. Andre Wamod, 'Interview avec Georges Pitoeff,' Le Fig­ aro (16.2.37). 4. The cast consisted of Gaston (Georges Pitoeff); Madame Renaud (Marthe Mellot); Valentine (Nadine Picard); Georges Renaud (Louis Salou); the servants (Andree Tainsy, Larive, Gaultier, Gobin), the little boy (Ludmilla Pitoeff); Duchess Dupont-Dufort (Nora Sylvere). 5. See Jean de Rigault, Georges Pitoeff notre theatre. 6. Colette, Journal (22.2.37); Edmond See, Oeuvre (22.2.37); Madeleine Paz, Populaire (22.2.37); Lucien Dubech, Candide (4.3.37).

10. , 'Break of Noon'

1. Paul Oaudei,Break ofNoon. Translated by Wallace Fowlie. 2. Cahiers de Paul Claude/, X, p. 198. 3. The cast consisted of Almaric (Pierre Brasseur), De Ciz (Jacques Dacqmine), Mesa (Jean-Louis Barrault), Yse (Edwige Feuillere). The sets were created by Felix Labisse. The dresses worn by Yse was designed by Christian Berard and executed by Piguet. 4. See Bettina L. Knapp, Paul Claude/.

175 French Theatre 1918-1939 5. Paul Claude!, Memoires improvises, p. 225. 6. Cahiers Paul Claude[, p. 210. 7. Ibid., p. 191. 8. Jean-Louis Barrault, Re.flexions sur le theatre, p. 201. 9. Les Nouvelles litteraires, 30, 12, 48; Raymond Cogniat, Arts (12.12.48); Jean-Jacques Gautier, Le Figaro (18.12.48); Justin Saget, Combat (5.3.48); Robert Kemp, Le Monde (19--20.12.48). See Jean-Louis Barrault, Souvenirs pour de main, pp. 206-215.

176 Bibliography

Actors on Acting, Edited by Toby Cole, edited by Toby Cole (New York: Crown, 1949). Anouilh, Jean, Pieces Roses (Paris: La Table Ronde, 1958). Anouilh, Jean, Pieces Noires (Paris: La Table Ronde, 1958). Anouilh, Jean, 'Hommage a Jean Giraudoux,' Chronique de Paris (February 1951). Anouilh, Jean, Art!' (16.11.51). Aragon, Louis, 'Une vague de reves,' Commerce (Autumn 1924 ). Artaud, Antonin, Oeuvres completes (Paris: Gallimard, 1956-70). Artaud Anthology, edited by (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1965). Antonin Artaud The Theatre and its Double, trans. by Mary Caroline Richards (New York: , 1958). Audiat, Pierre, Paris Soir ( 4.4.39).

Barrault, Jean-Louis, Souvenirs pour demain (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1972). Barrault, Jean-Louis, Rejlexions sur le theatre (Paris: Jacques Vautrain, 1949). Jean-Louis Barrault Comme je le pense (Paris: Gallimard, 1975). Baudelaire, Charles, Oeuvres completes (Paris: Gallimard, 1961).

177 French Theatre 1918-1939 Behar, Henri, Roger Vitrac: Un Reprouve du Surrealisme (Paris: Nizet, 1966). ----,, Etude sur le theatre Dada et Surrealiste {Paris: Gallimard, 1967). Bergson, Henri, Le Rire (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1960). Beyen, Roland, Michel de Ghelderode (Paris: Seghers, 1974). Braun, Micheline-Tison, Tristan Tzara Inventeur de /'Homme Nouveau (Paris: Nizet, 1977). Breton, Andre, Manifestes du Surrealisme (Paris: Gallimard, 1967). ---- Anthologie d'Humour Noir (Paris: Jean Jacques Pauvert, 1966). ---- and , 'Barrieres,' Les Champs magnetiques [1920] suivi de Vous m'oublierez et de s'il vous plait (Paris: Gallimard, 1967). ----'Lachez tout,' Nouvelles litteraires {1.4.22).

Cargill, Oscar, Fagin, Brullion, Fisher, William, O'Neill and his Plays (New York: New York University Press, 1963). Cassou, Jean, Le Monde (22.11.66). Castro, Nadine, Le Theatre de Michel de Ghelderode (Lausanne: L'age d'Homme, 1979). Oaudel, Paul, Partage de Midi (Paris: Gallimard, 1949). ----Break of Noon, trans. Wallace Fowlie (Chicago: H. Regnery Co. 1960). ----Memoires improvises (Paris: Gallimard, 1969). Cahiers Paul Claude/, X (Paris: Gallimard, 1974). Cocteau, Jean, Oeuvres completes (Geneve: 1946-1951). Cohen, Robert, Giraudoux Three Faces of Destiny (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958). Corvin, Michel, 'Le Theatre Dada existe-t-il?' Revue d'histoire du theatre (1971-73). Crommelynck, Fernand, Oeuvres completes (Paris: Gallimard, 1967).

Encyclopedie du Theatre contemporain, II (Paris: Olivier Perrin, 1959).

Fazia, Alba della, Jean Anouilh (New York: Twayne Publishing Co., 1969).

178 Bibliography Feiblemen, James, In Praise of Comedy (New York: Russell and Russell, 1962). Frank, Andre, Georges Pitoeff (Paris: L' Arche, 1958). Freud, Sigmund, The Basic Writings (New York: Random House, 1939).

Ghelderode, Michel de, Theatre (Paris: Gallimard, 1950-57). 'Ostend Interviews,' Seven Plays, trans. George Hauger (New York: Hill and Wang, 1969). Gignoux, Hubert, Jean Anouilh (Paris: Editions du Temps Present, 1946). Giraudoux, Jean, Oeuvres completes (Neuchatel: Ides et Calendes 1945-51). Grossvogel, David, The Self-Conscious Stage in Modern French (New York: Columbia University Press, 1958). Guicharnaud, Jacques, Modern French Theatre from Giraudoux to Beckett (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961).

Harding, Esther, Psychic Energy (Princeton: Princeton Univer­ sity Press, 1973). Harvey, John,Anouilh: A Study in Theatrics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964).

Ionesco, Eugene,Notes et Contre-Notes (Paris: Gallimard, 1966).

Jouvet, Louis, 'Dans les yeux de Giraudoux,' Les Lettres franfaises (14.5.45).

Kemp, Robert, Le Monde (22.1.46). Kirstein, Lincoln, (New York: Dance Horizon Republica­ tions, 1969). Knapp, Bettina, Louis Jouvet Man of the Theatre (New York: Columbia University Press, 1958). ----,Jean Cocteau (New York: TwaynePublishers, 1970). ----Fernand Crommelynck (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978). ----Paul Claude/ (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1982). Antonin Artaud Man of Vision (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1980). Knowles, Dorothy, French Drama of the Inter- War Years (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1968).

179 French Theatre 1918-1939

Lenormand, H.-R., Les Pitoeff (Paris: Odette Lieutier, 1943). L'Oeuvre (18 septembre, 1941). Lorand, Sandor, Perversions (New York: Grammercy Books, 1956). Luppe, Robert de, Anouilh (Paris: Oassiques du XX siecle, 1959).

Magny, Oaude-Edmonde, Precieux Giraudoux (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1945). Marsh, Edwin Owen ,Jean Anouilh: Poet ofPierrot and Pan talon (London: W. H. Allen, 1953). Matthews, J. H., Theatre in Dada and Surrealism (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1974). Meyerhold, Vsevolod, Le Theatre theatral, translated by Nina Gourfinkel (Paris: Gallimard, 1963).

Nadeau, Maurice, Histoire du surrealisme (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1964).

Oxenhandler, Neal, Scandal and Parade: The Theatre of Jean Cocteau (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1957).

Paris Midi (9.5.41). Peterson, Elmer, Tristan Tzara (New Brunswick: Rutgers Uni­ versity Press, 1971). Pronko, Leonard, C, The World of Jean Anouilh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961).

Sypher, Wylie, Comedy (New York: A Doubleday Anchor Book, 1956).

Vandegans, Andre, 'Les sources plastiques d' Escurial,' Revue d'Histoire du theatre (1967). Vitrac, Roger, Theatre (Paris: Gallimard, 1964).

Warnold, Andre, 'J'ai epoussete le buste d'Electre,' Le Figaro Litteraire (11.5.37). 'Interview avec Georges Pitoeff,' Le Figaro (16.2.37).

180 Appendix

TRISTAN TZARA:

La premiere Aventure celeste de Monsieur Antipyrine, created on 27 March, 1920, at the Dada demonstration in Paris. Set and costumes designed by Francis Picabia. La deuxieme A venture celeste de Monsieur Antipyrine, created on 26 May, 1920 at the Galerie Montaigne. Le Coeur ii gaz, created on 10 June, 1921 at the Galerie Montaigne. Mouchoir de Nuages, created 17 May, 1904 at the Theatre de Ia Cigalle.

ANDRE BRETON AND PHILIPPE SOUPAULT:

S'il vous plaft was created on 27 March, 1920 at the Salle Berlioz. Vous m' oublierez, created in 1920 at the Salle Gaveau.

ROGER VITRAC

Le Peintre, published in January 1922. Entree libre, dated 28 November, 1922. Les mysteres de I' amour, created on 2 June, 1927 by the Theatre . Directed by Antonin Artaud. Victor ou les Enfants au pouvoir, created on 24 December, 1928 by the Theatre Alfred Jarry. directed by Antonin Artaud.

181 Appendix

Le Coup de Trafalgar, created on 8 June, 1934 at the Theatre de !'Atelier. Le Camelot, created on 12 October, 1936 at the Theatre de I' Atelier. Directed by ; music by ; sets by Touchagues and costumes by Mme Schiaparelli.

ANTONIN ARTAUD:

LeletdeSang,1927. , created on 6 May, 1935 at the Folies-Wagram.

FERNAND CROMMELYNCK:

Le Sculpteur de masques, created on 1 February, 1911 at the Theatre du Ggymnase. Nous n'irons plus au bois, created on 28 April, 1906 at the Theatre du Pare, Brussels. Le Marchand de regrets, created in 1913 at the Theatre du Pare in Brussels. Le Cocu magnifique, created on 20 December, 1920 at the Theatre de !'Oeuvre in Paris. Directed by Lugne-Poe. The Moscow production in 1922 was directed by Vsevolod Meyerhold; sets by L. P. Popova. Les Amants pueri/s, created on 14 March, 1921 at the Comedie Montaigne in Paris. Directed by . Tripes d' Or, created on 29 April, 1925 at the Comedie des Champs­ Elysees. Directed by Louis Jouvet. Carine or Ou Ia jeune fille folie de son arne, created on 29 December, 1929 at the Theatre de !'Oeuvre. Directed by Lugne-Poe. Une Femme qu'a le coeur trop petit, created on 11 January, 1934 at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees. Directed by Pauline Pax. Chaud et Froid or L'idee de Monsieur Dom, created on 24 November, 1934 at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees.

MICHEL DE GHELDERODE (first performances in France)

La Mortdu Docteur Faust, created on 27 January, 1928 at the Groupe Art et Action. , created on 25 October, 1929 at the Groupe Art et Action. Escurial, created on 17 January, 1949 at the Studio des Champs Elysees. Directed by Rene Dupuy and Michel Vitold. Mademoiselle Jai"re, created in June, 1949, at the Theatre des Noctam­ bules. Directed by Andre Reybaz.

182 Appendix Hop Signor! created on 22 November, 1949 at the Theatre des Noctam­ bules. Directed by Andre Reybaz. Sire Halewyn, created on 17 February, 1950 at the Theatre des Noctam­ bules. Directed by Catherine Toth. Barabbas, created on 21 February, 1950 at the Theatre de l'Oeuvre. Ballode du Grand Macabre, 1953 at the Studio des Champs-Elysees. Directed by Rene Dupuy; sets by Jacques Marillier. L'Ecole des bouffons, created in 1953 at the Theatre de l'Oeuvre. Directed by Marcel Lupovici; sets by Raymond Raynal. Magie Rouge, created in Apri11956 at the Theatre du Quarrier Latin. Directed by Gilles Chancrin. Trois Acteurs, un drame, created in July 1958 at the Theatre de Poche. Directed by Gilles Chancrin. Les Aveugles, created in 1958 at the Theatre de Poche. Directed by Gilles Chancrin.

JEAN COCTEAU Parade, created in Rome in 1916 at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris in 1917. Choreographed by Uonide Massine; music by ; sets and costumes by Picasso. Les Maries de Ia Tour Eiffel, created on 18 June, 1921 at the Theatre des Champs-Elysees. Choreography by Jean Cocteau; sets by Irene Lagut; costumes and masks by Jean Hugo; music by . (adaptation of Sophocles), created on 20 December, 1922 at the Theatre de I' Atelier. Directed by Charles Dullin; sets by Picasso. Romeo et Julieue (adaptation of Shakespeare), created in June at the Theatre de Ia Cigale. Directed by Jean Cocteau; sets by Jean Hugo. Orphee, created on 17 June, 1926 at the Theatre des Arts. Directed by Georges Pitoeff; sets by Jean Hugo. La Voix humaine, created on 17 February, 1930 at the Comedie­ Fran~ise. Sets by Christian Berard. La Machine infernale, created on 10 April, 1934 at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Christian Berard. Oedipe-Roi (adaptation of Sophocles), created in June, 1937 at the Theatre Antoine. Directed by Jean Cocteau; sets by G. Monin. Les chevaliers de Ia Table Ronde, created on 14 October, 1937 at the Theatre de I'Oeuvre. Directed by Jean Cocteau; sets by Jean Cocteau. Les Parents te"ibles, created on 14 November, 1938 at the Theatre des Ambassadeurs. Directed by Alice Cocea; sets by G. Monin. Les Monstres sacres, created on 17 February, 1940 at the Theatre Michel. Directed by Andre Brule; sets by Christian Berard. L 'Aigle a deux tetes, created in November, 1946 at the Theatre Hebertot; sets by Andre Beaurepaire. Bacchus, created 20 November, 1951 at the Theatre Marigny. Directed by Jean Cocteau; sets by Jean Cocteau.

183 Appendix JEAN GIRAUDOUX Siegfried, created on 3 May, 1928 at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Camille Cipra. Amphitryon, created on 8 November, 1929 at the Comedie des Champs­ Eiysees. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Camille Cipra. , created on 5 November, 1932 at the Theatre Pigalle. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Jouvet and Rene Moulaert. Intermezzo, created on 27 February, 1933 at the Comedie des Champs­ Eiysees. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by L. Leyritz. Tessa (adaptation of M. Kennedy), created on 14 November, 1934 at the Theatre de I'Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Rene Moulaert. LaGuerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu, created on 21 November, 1935 at the Theatre de I'Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Mariano Andreu. Supplement au Voyage de Cook, created on 21 November, 1935 at the Theatre de I'Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Mariano Andreu. Electre, created on 13 May, 1937 at the Theatre de I'Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by G. Monin. L'lmpromptu de Paris, created on 4 December, 1937 at the Theatre de I'Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Vuillard. Cantique des cantique, created on 12 October, 1938 at the Comedie Fran~aise. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by G. Monin. Ondine, created on 3 May, 1939 at the Theatre de I' Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Pavel Tchelitchew. L'Apollon de Marsac, created on 16 June, 1942 in Rio de Janeiro. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by E. Anahory. La Folie de Chaillot, created on 22 December, 1945 at the Theatre de I'Athenee. Directed by Louis Jouvet; sets by Christian Berard. Pour Lucrece, created on 4 November, 1953 at the Theatre Marigny. Directed by Jean-Louis Barrault; sets by A.M. Cassandre.

JEAN ANOUILH: L'Hermine, created on 26 April, 1932 at the Theatre de I'Oeuvre. Mise-en-scene by Paulette Pax. Le Voyageur sans bagage, created on 16February, 1937 at the Theatre des Mathurins. Directed by Georges Pitoeff, sets by Georges Pitoeff. Le Bat des voleurs, created on 17 September, 1938 at the Theatre des Arts. Directed by Andre Barsacq who also did the sets and costumes. Music by . La Sauvage, created on 10 January, 1938 at the Theatre des Mathurins. Directed and sets by Georges Pitoeff. Music by Darius Milhaud.

184 Appendix Leocadia, created in November, 1940 at the Theatre de Ia Michodiere. Directed by Pierre Fresnay. Music of . Antigone, created on 4 February, 1944 at the Theatre de !'Atelier. Directed and sets by Andre Barsacq. L'lnvitation au chateau, created on 5 November, 1947 at the Theatre de !'Atelier. Directed and sets by Andre Barsacq. Music by Francis Poulenc. La Valse des toreadors, created on 9 January, 1952 at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees. Directed and sets by J.-D. Macles. L'Alouette, created on 14 October, 1953 at the Theatre Montparnasse­ Gaston Baty. Sets by J.-D. Macles. Medee, created on 25 March, 1953 at the Theatre de !'Atelier. Sets and costumes by Andre Bakst. Directed by Andre Barsacq. Ornifle ou le courant d'air, created on 7 November, 1955 at the Comedie des Champs-Eiysees. Directed by Roland Pietri. L'Hurluberlu ou le reactionnaire amoureux, created on 5 February, 1959 at the Comedie des Champs-Elysees. Directed by Roland Pietri. or L'Honneur de Dieu, created on 1 October, 1959 at the Theatre Montparnasse-Gaston Baty. Sets and costumes by J.-D. Macles; directed by Jean Anouilh and Roland Pietri.

PAUL CLAUDEL

L'Annoncefaite ii Marie, created on 22 December, 1912 at the Theatre de !'Oeuvre. Directed by Lugne-Poe; sets by Jean Variot. L'Echange, created on 22 January, 1914 at the Theatre du Vieux­ Colombier. Directed by ; sets by Doucet. L'Otage, created on 5 June, 1914 at the Theatre de !'Oeuvre. Directed by Lugne-Poe; sets by Jean Variot. Partage de Midi, created on 12 November, 1916 by the Groupe Art et Action. Sets by Autant-Lara, Autant and Giraud; 16 December, 1948 at the Theatre Marigny. Directed by Jean-Louis Barrault; sets by Felix Labisse. Tete d'Or, created on 25 April, 1924 at the Groupe Art et Action. Directed by Mme. Lara; sets by Georges Valmier. Le Pain dur, created in October, 1926 at the Landes theater, Oldenburg. Directed by Hans Pretz. La Pere humilie, created on 26 November, 1928 at the Schauspielhaus, Dresden. Directed by Joseph Gielen; sets by Malinke. Le Repos du septieme jour, created on 10 December, 1928 at the Narodowy Theatre, Warsaw. Directed by Radulski; sets by Drabik. Le Livre de Christophe Colomb, created on 5 May, 1930 at the Staatsoper unter den Linden, Berlin. Directed by M. Horts; sets by M. Araven­ tinos. Music by Darius Milhaud.

185 Appendix La Ville, created in February 1931 at the Salle Patria, Brussels. Directed by A. van de Velde. Protee, created on 4 April, 1933 at the Municipal Theatre, Amsterdam. Students' Dramatic Association. Les Choephores (translation of Aeschylus) created on 27 March, 1935. Brussels. Jeanne au bucher, created on 6 May, 1939 at the Theatre Municipal d'Orleans. Music by A. Honegger; sets by Alexandre Benois. Le Soulier de satin, created on 27 November, 1943 at the Comedie­ Fran~ise. Directed by Jean-Louis Barrault; sets by Lucien Couteaud. La Jeune fille Violaine, created in March, 1944 at the Salle lena. Directed by Maurice Leroy; sets by Maurice Leroy. L'Histoire de Tobie etdeSara, created on 5 September, 1947 at Avignon. Directed by Maurice Cazeneuve.

186 Index

Achard, Marcel 6, 8 Rendez-vous at Sen/is 142 Jean of the Moon 6 The Thieves Carnival 13, Albee, Edward 142 Who's Afraid of Virginia Ansky 10 Woolf 82 Apollinaire, Guillaume 11, The Zoo Story 82 34, 35, 38, 39, 116 Ambigu Theatre 61 The Breasts of Tiresias 11, Andler, Charles 126 35 Andreyev, Leonid 9 Appia, Adolphe 5 Anouilh, Jean 8, 12, 13, 19, Aragon, Louis 11, 18, 19, 61, 110, 111, 113, 115, 24,28,29,35,38 141-53, 169 The Mirror Wardrobe One Antigone 143 Fine Evening 11 Ardele 62 Aron, Robert 12 Becket 142 Gigone, 50 The Ermine 142 Arp, Hans 22 Eurydice 143 Arabal, Fernando 12, 15 The Invitation to the Fando and Lis 81 Castle 142 The Automobile Jezebel 142 Graveyard 81 Leocadia 142 Artaud, Antonin 7, 12, 15, Medea 143 19,20,48,49,51,63-83, Orestes 143 116, 168 187 Index Artaud, Antonio- continued Bourdet, Edouard Burned Stomach (The Mad Difficult Times 3 Mother) 50 The Prisoner 3 The Cenci 76, 79-80 Brasseur, Pierre 159, 166 The Conquest of Breton, Andre 11, 12, 15, 82 17, 19,24,27,28,34, Jet of Blood 76-9 35, 37-45, 48, 65, 168 The Theatre and its /[You Please 11, 37,40-5 Double 12, 63 The Lost Steps 18 Athenee Theatre 134 The Magnetic Fields 39 Atlan, Liliane Nadja 18 Mister Fugue, The Carriage Surrealist Manifestos 17 of Flames and Voices 82 Brieux, Eugene 5 Augier, Guillaume 5 'Brilliant Plays' Auric, Georges 34, 117 (Anouilh) 142 Brook, Peter 76, 82 Brueghel, Pieter 100 Bakst, Leon 8 Ball, Hugo 22 Barrault, Jean-Louis 7, 8, 113, 157, 159, 164, 166, Cabaret Voltaire 22 169 Cacoyannis, Michael 82 Barres, Maurice 38 Chekhov, Anton 8, 9 Barthe, Victor 34 Three Sisters 8 Baty, Gaston 9, 10 Oaudel, Paul 4, 8, 9, 13, 38, Beaumarchais, Pierre 1, 6 111,113,155--66,169 Beckett, Samuel 8, 12, 15, Break of Noon 8, 13, 111, 29,35,82 113, 155, 157, 158-66, End Game 81 169 Not I 29 156 The Play 35 The Exchange 4 81 The Satin Slipper 157 Berard, Christian 134 The Tidings Brought to Bergson, Henri 38 Mary 156 Bernard, Jean-Jaques Oiquennois, Henry 40 Martine 2 Cocteau, Jean 8, 13, 34, 'Black Plays' (Anouilh) 142 112, 113, 11~24, 169 Blin, Roger 8, 82 Antigone 115 Bogaert, Lucienne 137 The Do-Nothing Bar 118 Bosch, Hieronymus 100, The Infernal Machine 115, 109 116 188 Index

Cocteau, Jean -continued Diaghilev, Serge 117, 118 Oedipus Rex 115 Diderot, Denis Orpheus 8, 13, 111, 113, Paradox of the 115, 118-24, 169 Comedian 60 Portraits-Souvenirs 117 Donnay, Maurice 5 The Wedding on the Eiffel Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Tower 118 Mikhailovich Comedie des The Brothers Champs-Elysees 6, 51, Karamazov 4 143 Duchamps, Marcel 35 Comedie-Fran~aise 1, 117 Dufy, Raoul 118 Compagnie des Quinze 10 Dullin, Charles 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, Compagnie du Thyase 61 10,64,169 Compagnons de Ia Dupuy, Rene 101, 102, 105, Chimere 9 110 Conservatoire Royal de Durey, Louis 118 Musique 101 Copeau, Jacques 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,9, 10,94 Eluard, Gala 40 Corneille, Pierre 1, 6 Eluard, Paul 18, 28, 34, 35, Crommelynck, Fernand 9, 40 12,13,85,87-97,167 Ensor, James 100 Carine 87 Entr'acte 10 Golden Tripe 87 Hot and Cold 88 The Magnificent Faulkner, William Cuckold 12, 85, 87, As I Lay Dying 7 89-97 Feuillere, Edwige 158, 166 The Puerile Lovers 88 Feydeau, Georges 8, 146, The Sculptor of Masks 87 147 A Woman Whose Heart is Flaubert, Gustave Too Small 88 Madame Bovary 10, 42 Fort, Paul 94 Fraenkel, Theodore 40 Dacqmine, Jacques 159, 166 Debussy, Claude 117 Delaunay-Terck, Sonia 34 Galerie Montaigne 29 Desnos, Robert 11, 19,38 Ganovsky, N. 34 Place de l' Etoile 11 Garrick Theatre, New Deval, Jacques York 5 Tovarich 2 Gemier, Firmin 9 189 Index Genet, Jean 8, 12, 15, 82 Grand Palais des 81 Champs-Elysees 25 The Blacks 81 Grass, Giinter Ghelderode, Michel de 12, The Tin Drum 82 13,85,99-110,167 The Wicked Cooks 82 Barabbas 100 Greco, El 102 Christopher Guitry, Sacha 2 Columbus 100 Chronicles of Hell 100 The Death of Doctor Hall, Peter 82 Faustus 100 Havet, Mireille 124 Donluan 100 Hervieu, Paul 5 Escurial 13, 85, 99, Heywood, Thomas 101-10 A Woman Killed with Lord Halweyn 101 Kindness 4 Pantagleize 100 Honegger, Arthur 118 Red Magic 101 Huelsenbeck, Richard 22 Gide, Andre 6, 8, 39, 115 Hugo, Jean-Victor 119 Giraudoux, Jean 6, 13, 110, 111, 113, 115,125-40, 143, 169 Ibsen, Henrik 9 Amphitryon 38, 125 Ionesco, Eugene 12, 15, 31, Electra 126 88 Intermezzo 125 The Bald Soprano 31, 81, Judith 126 The Madwoman of 116 The Chairs 81, 116 Chaillot 13, 111, 112, The Future Is In The 113, 125, 126, 134-40, Eggs 31 169 The Lesson 116 Ondine 13, 111, 112, 113, 125,126,127-34,169 Siegfried 127, 143, 144 The Supplement to Cook's Jacques-Dalcroze, Emile 5, Voyage 126 9, 157, 158 Tiger at the Gates 126 'Jarring Plays' Goethe, Johann 10 (Anouilh) 142 Gogol, Nikolai 9 Jarry, Alfred 9, 11, 35, 116 Goldoni, Carlo 6, 9 King Ubu 9, 11,35 Gordon Craig, Edward 4 Jouvet, Louis 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, Gorky, Maxim 9 10,127,128,132,133, Goya, Francisco 100 134,136,139,143,169 190 Index Kafka, Franz 8 Obey, Andre Klee, Paul 109 Noah 10, 11 Klossowski de Rola, Odeon 1 79 Ozeray, Madeleine 128, 133

Labiche, Eugene 147 Pagnol, Marcel Labisse, Felix 159 Caesar 2 Lamda Theatre 76 Fanny 2 La Motte-Fouque, Baron Marius 2 Friedrich de 126 Palais des Fetes 25 Lapierre, Marcel 97 Parade 118 Lenier, Christiane 109 Peguy, Charles 8 Lenormand, H. R. 2, 9, 10 Peret, Benjamin 18, 29, 35 The Eater of Dreams 3, 8 Picabia, Francis 25 Man and his Phantoms 3 Picasso, Pablo 118 Time is a Dream 3 Pioch, George 97 Litterature 39 'Pink Plays' (Anouilh) 142 Lugne-Poe 64,89,90,93, Pinter, Harold 31, 35 94 The Birthday Party 31, 82 The Caretaker 31 The Dumb Waiter 31 Maeterlinck, Maurice 6 The Homecoming 82 Marivaux, Pierre 1, 8 Pirandello, Luigi 9, 143 Marowitz, Charles 76 As You Desire Me 143 Mayane, Marguerite 137 Six Characters in Search of Mercredi-Bourse 101 an Author 143 Meyerhold, Vsevolod 8, 93, Piscator, Erwin 157 94,95,96 Pitoeff Company 8 Milhaud, Darius 34, 118, Pitoeff, Georges 8, 9, 10, 144 64, 118, 124, 144, 145, Moliere 1, 5, 8, 87 146, 148, 149, 152, 169 The Miser 4 Pitoeff, Ludmilla 8, 118, Montherlant, Henri 8 124, 151 Moreno, Marguerite 135 Pont Neuf 85 Moton, L. 40 Popova,L.P. 93,94,95,96 Mounet-Sully 117 Poulenc, Francis 118 Musset, Alfred de 1, 6, 8, 10 Pushkin, Alexander 9

Nijinsky, Vaslav 118 Racine, Jean 8 191 Index Ray, Man 34 Scheherazade 118 Raymone 137 Seneca, Lucius 9 Regnier, Henri de 48 Shakespeare, William 4, 10, Reinhardt, Max 9, 157 109 Rejane, Gabrielle 117 Twelfth Night 4 Renaud, Madeleine 8 Shaw, George Bernard 9 Reverdy, Pierre 38 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 79 Ribemont-Dessaignes, Siderski, Yssia 34 Georges 11, 28, 29, 34, 'The Six' 117 40 Soupault, Philippe 11, 24, The Hangman from 37,38,39 Peru 11 Stanislavsky, Constantin 4, 8 Richer, Hans 34 Stendhal 79 Rimbaud, Arthur Stravinsky, Igor 34, 117 The Illuminations 155 Strindberg, Johan August 9 Robur, Max 50 Synge, John 9 Romains, Jules Dr Knock 6 Rostand, Edmond 5 Taillefer, Germaine 118 Rostand, Maurice 97 Tchelitchew, Pavel 127, 133 Rouault, Georges 109 Theatre Alfred Jarry 12, 15, 19,49-51,65,76,81 Theatre de !'Oeuvre 89 Theatre des Arts, 118 Saint-Denis, Michel 10 Theatre des Mathurins 144 Salacrou, Armand Theatre du Breaker of Plates 88 Vieux-Colombier 3, 4, Salle Gaveau 29 5, 11 Salle Waag 23 Theatre Marigny 8 Sardou, Victorien Theatre National Madame Sans-Gene 117 Populaire 7 Sarment, Jean 2, 6 Theatre of Cruelty 15, 19, The Cardboard Crown 2 65-83, 168 Leopold the Tolstoy, Alexey 9 Well-Beloved 2, 6 Turgenev, Ivan 9 Sartre, Jean Paul 8 Tzara, Tristan 11, 15, 16, Satie, Erik 34, 118 17, 19,21-36, 168 Sauguet, Henri 61, 133 The Antihead 25 Schaffer, Peter The Approximate Man and The Royal Hunt of the Other Writings 25 Sun 82 7 Dada Manifestos 25 192 Index Tzara, Tristan -continued Vildrac, Charles The First Celestial Madame Behard 2, 6 Adventure of Mr. Paquebot Tenacity 2 Antipyrine 22, 28, 40 Vitold, Michel 102, 109 The Gas Heart 11, 29-36 Vitrac, Roger 8, 12, 15, 19, Grains and 47-62, 168 By-Products 25 The Mysteries of Love 12, 25 Poems 25 50 Second Celestial Adventure Victor 12, 19, 47, 51-62 of Mr. Antipyrine 26, 27 Weiss, Peter The Investigation 82 Vache, Jacques 38 Marat/Sade 82 Valentin, Monelle 143 Wesker, Arnold Valery, Paul 39 The Kitchen 82 Vauthier, Jean 8, 15 Wilde, Oscar 9 Captain Bada, The Character Against Himself 81 Zimmer, Bernard Vilard, Jean 7 Bava the African 6

193