Spring/Summer
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
friends OF THE SAINT-GAUDENS MEMORIAL CORNISH I NEW HAMPSHIRE I SUMMER 2007 (Right Augustus Saint-Gaudens in his Paris Studio, 1898. Sketch of the Amor Caritas IN THIS ISSUE SAINT-GAUDENS’ in the background. Saint-Gaudens’ Numismatic Legacy I 1 NUMISMATIC LEGACY (Below) Obverse of the high relief The Model for the 1907 Double Eagle I 4 The precedent that President 1907 Twenty Dollar A Little Known Treasure I 5 Gold Coin. Saint-Gaudens Film & Symposium I 6 Theodore Roosevelt established, Concerts and Exhibits I 7 of having academically trained Coin Exhibition I 8 sculptors design U.S. coinage, resulted in a series of remarkable coins. Many of these were created FROM THE MEMORIAL by five artists who trained under AND THE SITE Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Archival photo DEAR FRIENDS AND ANS MEMBERS, Bela Pratt (1867-1917) This Friends Newsletter from Connecticut, first studied with Saint-Gaudens In 1907, Pratt was encouraged by is dedicated to the centennial at the Art Students League Dr. William Sturgis Bigelow (185 0-1926), of Saint-Gaudens’ Ten and in New York City. He then a prominent collector of Oriental art and Twenty Dollar Gold Coins moved to Paris, where he an acquaintance of President Theodore studied under Jean Falguière (1831-1900) Roosevelt, to redesign the Two and a Half and his numismatic legacy. and Henri-Michel-Antoine Chapu (183 3- and Five Dollar Gold Coins. Pratt’s designs Augustus Saint-Gaudens, at the request 1891) at the École des Beaux-Arts. Saint- were the first American coins to have an of President Theodore Roosevelt, was the Gaudens was the first American accepted incused design, which is a relief in reverse . first sculptor to design an American Coin. to study sculpture at the school in 1868. This unconventional design was consid - Pratt later returned to America and estab - ered as one way to avoid the problems We are pleased to share this issue with lished a studio in Boston. with stacking as found with the first high- members of the American Numismatic relief Twenty Dollar Gold Coins. Society. While most of you undoubtedly (Right) Bela Pratt know of Saint-Gaudens as the designer used a new and Pratt wrote about this unique approach to of these two beloved coins, you may not unique “sinking coin design: “The idea of sinking the relief relief” design for be familiar with his many other artistic was... talked of but abandoned as being his Two and a Half accomplishments. You may never have Dollar and Five too radical a change to be admitted by visited the Saint-Gaudens National Dollar Gold Coins. the Mint, but with Dr. Bigelow as an inter - Historic Site in New Hampshire, a place ested champion, the whole thing looked of exquisite beauty that includes the To mark this anniversary, the Memorial different. His idea was even more radical artist’s former home and studios, works and the Site have sponsored production and startling than mine, for while I had by the artist as well as gardens, trails and of a new hour-long film on the artist, thought of a ground sloping more or less vistas. And you may not have heard of Augustus Saint-Gaudens: Master of gradually in relief, his idea was to sink the the Memorial and its efforts to preserve American Sculpture, which will premiere relief at right angles to the coin after the Saint-Gaudens’ legacy and promote this July. More information on the film, manner of Egyptian reliefs.” For the the arts. We hope that your interest will other regional showings and the related obverse of his coins, Pratt depicted a be piqued and that you will consider symposium are inside. Native American man wearing a feather becoming a member of the Friends! headdress. The reverse features a version of Saint-Gaudens’ standing eagle found 2007 marks another centennial — PBRyEroSnIDBENelT l SBUJPDEuRnINn TENDENT that of the death of Saint-Gaudens. SG Memorial SGNHS on the Ten Dollar Gold Coin. friends OF THE SAINT-GAUDENS MEMORIAL 2 of any other country.” To achieve this, League before also working for him as an on the obverse he placed the face of a assistant in New York City. It was here Native American and on the reverse, a that Weinman later established his own bison. The “buffalo nickel,” minted from studio and went on to create many pieces 1913 to 1938, remains one of America’s of public sculpture including a frieze in the In 1911, James Earle Fraser designed the popular most admired coins. U.S. Supreme Court chamber. “Buffalo Nickel” featuring an American Bison on the reverse. Fraser returned to a western theme when As he had with Fraser, Saint-Gaudens he and his wife, Laura Gardin Fraser steered work Weinman’s way, in particu - James Earle Fraser (1889 -1966), created the Oregon Trail lar, the Roosevelt Inaugural medal of (187 6 -1953) met Saint- Memorial Half Dollar in 1926. Laura 1905. Saint-Gaudens wrote to the presi - Gaudens in France while Fraser modeled the obverse, which dent, “I cannot do it, but I have arranged studying at the École des depicts a Native American standing with the man best fit to execute it in this Beaux-Arts. Fraser won before a map of the United States. James country, Mr. Adolph Weinman... He would the American Art Fraser’s reverse features the Conestoga do an admirable thing.” While Saint- covered wagon, used to transport settlers Gaudens designed the medal, Weinman Association’s Wanamaker competition in to America’s West. Laura Fraser, an did the actual modeling. 1898, which included Saint-Gaudens on accomplished medallic artist, studied its jury. Saint-Gaudens was impressed sculpture under James Fraser. In addition after seeing an early version of Fraser’s to contributing to the design of the “End of the Trail” equestrian statue and Oregon commemorative coin, she also offered to take on the young man as an created the Alabama Centennial half-dol - assistant. When Saint-Gaudens became lar in 1921, the Grant Memorial half-dollar ill and returned to America in 1900, in 1922, and the Fort Vancouver centen - Fraser joined him in Cornish, where he nial half-dollar in 1925. Besides many assisted in the completion of the examples of public sculpture, including Sherman Monument, as well as several the statue of Alexander Hamilton in front other works. Saint-Gaudens was also of the U.S. Treasury, in 1919, James instrumental in Fraser obtaining the com - Fraser also designed the World War I mission to create a bust of President Navy Victory medal. Theodore Roosevelt. Fraser quoted the Adolph Weinman president as saying, “I asked Saint- (1870 -1952), though Gaudens for the man who could do the born in Germany, was the Adolph Weinman’s winning design in 1916 for the job, with perfect confidence in his choice. only sculptor from Saint- Half Dollar, depicted a walking figure of Liberty. The fact that he sent you proves that you Gaudens’ circle of coin are the man.” designers who did not In 1916, Weinman also won a competition In 1911, Secretary of the Treasury study in Europe. He to design two coins for the U.S. Mint; the Franklin MacVeagh (1837-1934), asked learned the art of sculpture from Daniel Mercury Dime (actually Liberty with a Fraser to redesign the five-cent coin. Chester French (185 0-1931), Olin L. winged cap) and the Walking Liberty Half- Fraser, who grew up in the Dakota Warner (1844 -1896), Charles Niehaus Dollar. The reverse of the dime depicts a Territory where his father worked for a (1855 -1935) and Philip Martiny (185 8- Roman fasces entwined by an olive branch. railroad company, wrote, “In designing 1927), who was also a Saint-Gaudens The obverse of the half-dollar features [the nickel], my objective was to achieve a protege. Weinman’s most influential Liberty striding forward, draped in the coin which would be truly American, that instructor, though, was Saint-Gaudens, American flag. Weinman also designed could not be confused with the currency with whom he studied at the Art Students the J. Sanford Saltus award medal for the friends OF THE SAINT-GAUDENS MEMORIAL 3 (Right) Obverse, Panama Pacific Exposition commemorative Gold Dollar by Charles Keck, 1915. American Numismatic Society in 1920. Charles Keck (1875 -1951) studied with Saint-Gaudens at the Art (Left) Reverse of the high relief 1907 Twenty Dollar Students League and also Gold Coin. (Above) John Flanagan’s design for the 1932 assisted in his New York Washington Bicentennial Quarter, was originally intended studios during the 1890s. as a one-year commemorative coin. Keck was awarded the Rinehart Scholar- ship to study in Rome, Italy, where he Earle Fraser, honored Saint-Gaudens by worked from 1900 -1904. Primarily a sculpting both a bust, and a portrait relief sculptor of portraits, he created public of his mentor. monuments to George Washington, coin of 1932. Though Laura G. Fraser In 1986, the U.S. Mint paid tribute to Stonewall Jackson, Booker T. Washington won the competition to design the new Augustus Saint-Gaudens when his and others. He also sculpted the monu - quarter, Mellon had the final decision and obverse for the double eagle was chosen ment in memory of the Battleship Maine. chose Flanagan’s design instead. Mellon’s as the design for the American Eagle slight of Laura Fraser was finally corrected Keck designed three commemorative Bullion Gold Coin. A second design by the by the U.S. Mint when her design intended coins for the U.S. Mint. The first, the Pan- sculptor, the obverse of the Women’s for the Washington Quarter, was selected Pacific One Dollar Gold Coin, commemo - Auxiliary of the Massachusetts Civil Service for use on the Five Dollar Washington Coin rates the opening of the Panama Canal Reform Association Medal (1905-6), was of 1999.