1. INTRODUCTION ALDRICH HAZEN AMES Is 52 Years
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The Brezhnev Era (1964–1982)
Name _______________________________________________ Date _____________ The Brezhnev Era (1964–1982) Next to Stalin, Leonid Brezhnev ruled the Soviet Union longer than any other leader. Brezhnev and his supporters stressed the ties with the Stalinist era by focusing on his good points and ignoring his crimes. 1. What is the KGB? Brezhnev strengthened the Soviet bureaucracy as well What was its as the KGB (Committee of State Security)—formed in purpose? (list 2) 1954; its mission was to defend the Soviet government from its enemies at home and abroad. The KGB suppressed dissidents who spoke out against the government at home and in the satellite countries. The Soviets also invested in a large military buildup and were determined to never again suffer a humiliating defeat, as happened in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Yet Brezhnev proceeded cautiously in the mid-1960s and sought to avoid confrontation with the West. He was determined, however, to protect Soviet interests. Brezhnev Doctrine (1968) 2. What was the Prague In 1968, Alexander Dubček (1921–1992) became head of the Czechoslovakia Spring? Communist Party and began a series of reforms known as the Prague Spring reforms, which sought to make communism more humanistic. He lifted censorship, permitted non-communists to form political groups, and wanted to trade with the West, but still remain true to communist ideals. Brezhnev viewed these reforms as a capitalistic threat to the socialist ideologies of communism and, in August of 1968, sent over 500,000 Soviet and Eastern European troops 3. How did Brezhnev to occupy Czechoslovakia. In the Brezhnev Doctrine, he defended the Soviet react to the Prague military invasion of Czechoslovakia, saying in effect, that antisocialist elements Spring? in a single socialist country can compromise the entire socialist system, and thus other socialist countries have the right to intervene militarily if they see the need to do so. -
Secure Communications Over Open Networks (A Handbook for Paranoids)
Secure Communications over Open Networks (A Handbook for Paranoids) 1 Disclaimer • Security requires a paranoid mindset – If you’re going to play then you need to look at the big picture – This tutorial is intended to give a background on communications security – You could spend your life doing this stuff and still make mistakes • Nothing is secure 2 Just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean “they” aren’t out to get you. THEM 3 The Elusive “They” • During this tutorial, I will refer to “them” a lot – You decide who “they” are -- every paranoid has different enemies • Hackers / Industrial Spies • Thought police • KGB / SMERSH / UN • CIA / IRS / ATF / NSA / NRA / U.N.C.L.E. • Orbital Mind Control Lasers / Illuminati / etc. 4 Before You Start • Risk Assessment: – What are you trying to hide? – How much will it hurt if “they” find it out? – How hard will “they” try? – How much are you willing to spend? “spend” means a combination of: •Time •Pain • Money 5 Why Secure Communications? • To carry out a business transaction – E-Commerce • To coordinate operations (Command and Control) – Remote management • To protect information – Privacy – Confidentiality 6 The Environment • Communications security is the land of cost/benefit analysis – Make getting your data too expensive for the attacker and they may not even try – Make protecting your data too expensive for yourself and you may be unable to operate 7 Target Analysis • Target analysis is the (hypothetical) art of analyzing a target’s communications security to identify the weakest link • You’d better do it, because “they” will do it, too 8 Target Analysis RF emissions (TEMPEST) Phone taps Laser bounce Radio audio bugs audio bugs 9 Target Analysis • Sweep your computer for bugs • Work only inside a metal cage w/no windows • Store the computer in a safe • Don’t use the local power grid to power your crypto systems …etc. -
The Spies That Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the History Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Lew, Masaki, "The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 19. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/19 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spies that Founded America: How the War for Independence Revolutionized American Espionage Masaki Lew Humanities Western Civilization 102 March 16, 2020 1 Continental Spy Nathan Hale, standing below the gallows, spoke to his British captors with nothing less than unequivocal patriotism: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”1 American History idolizes Hale as a hero. His bravery as the first pioneer of American espionage willing to sacrifice his life for the growing colonial sentiment against a daunting global empire vindicates this. Yet, behind Hale’s success as an operative on -
Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Steganography- a Data Hiding Technique
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 9– No.7, November 2010 Steganography- A Data Hiding Technique Arvind Kumar Km. Pooja Assistant Professor Vankateshwara institute of computer Vidya College of engineering, Meerut, India Science and technology, Meerut, India ABSTRACT In steganography, the possible cover carriers are innocent looking Steganography is the art of hiding information and an effort to carriers (images, audio, video, text, or some other digitally conceal the existence of the embedded information. It serves as a representative code) which will hold the hidden information. A better way of securing message than cryptography which only message is the information hidden and may be plaintext, cipher text, conceals the content of the message not the existence of the message. images, or anything that can be embedded into a bit stream. Together Original message is being hidden within a carrier such that the the cover carrier and the embedded message create a stego-carrier. changes so occurred in the carrier are not observable. In this paper we Hiding information may require a stego key which is additional secret will discuss how digital images can be used as a carrier to hide information, such as a password, required for embedding the messages. This paper also analyses the performance of some of the information. For example, when a secret message is hidden within a steganography tools. Steganography is a useful tool that allows covert cover image, the resulting product is a stego-image. transmission of information over an over the communications A possible formula of the process may be represented as: cover channel. -