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SCDOT Traffic Noise Abatement Policy

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SCDOT Traffic Noise Abatement Policy CONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION Page 4 1.1 What is noise? Page 4 1.2 How is noise measured? Page 4 1.3 How have noise regulations evolved over time? Page 4 1.4 What is the purpose and applicability of this policy? Page 5 1.5 When is a noise analysis needed? Page 5 SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS Page 6 SECTION 3: TYPES OF SCDOT NOISE ANALYSIS Page 10 3.1 Scoping the Level of Noise Analysis Page 10 3.2 What are the required elements of a SCDOT detailed noise analysis? Page 12 3.3 What are the required elements and/or considerations of a SCDOT final design Page 13 noise analysis? SECTION 4: ELEMENTS OF A SCDOT NOISE ANALYSIS Page 13 4.1 Average Pavement Page 13 4.2 Noise Contours Page 14 4.3 Traffic Characteristics Page 14 4.4 Posted vs. Design Speeds Page 14 4.5 TNM Input Parameters for a SCDOT Noise Analysis Page 14 Receivers Page 14 Roadways Page 16 4.6 Required Additional TNM Input Parameters Page 16 Receivers Page 17 Roadways Page 17 Building Rows/Terrain Lines/Ground Zones/Tree Zones Page 17 4.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Page 17 SECTION 5: ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACTS Page 17 5.1 Field Noise Measurements Page 17 5.2 Model Validation Page 19 5.3 Model Calibration Page 19 5.4 Prediction of Future Highway Traffic Noise Levels for Study Alternatives Page 20 5.5 Identification of Highway Traffic Noise Impacts for Study Alternations Page 20 Activity Category A Page 21 Activity Category B Page 22 Activity Category C Page 22 Activity Category D Page 22 Activity Category E Page 23 Activity Category F Page 23 Activity Category G Page 23 SECTION 6: ANALYSIS OF NOISE ABATEMENT MEASURES Page 23 6.1 Feasibility Page 24 Acoustic Feasibility Page 24 Engineering Feasibility Page 24 Constructability Review Page 25 6.2 Reasonableness Page 25 6.3 Noise Barriers on Bridges/Structures Page 26 6.4 Assessment of Benefited Receptors Page 26 6.5 Abatement Measure Reporting Page 27 6.6 Information Required for NEPA Decision Page 27 6.7 Third Party Funding Page 28 SECTION 7: DESIGN-BUILD PROJECTS & FEDERAL PARTICIPATION Page 28 7.1 Design-Build Projects Page 28 7.2 Federal Participation Page 28 SECTION 8: INFORMATION FOR LOCAL OFFICIALS Page 29 8.1 Noise Compatible Planning Concepts Page 29 8.2 Estimation of Future Noise Levels Page 30 Page SECTION 9: CONSTRUCTION NOISE 30 Page SECTION 10: NOISE ANALYSIS DOCUMENTATION 31 APPENDIX A: 23 CFR Part 772 Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise APPENDIX B: SCDOT Feasibility and Reasonableness Worksheet SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION This document describes South Carolina Department of Transportation’s (SCDOT) policy on highway traffic and construction noise and SCDOT’s implementation of the requirements of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Noise Standard at 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 772 (refer to Appendix A). This policy was developed by SCDOT and reviewed and concurred with by FHWA. This policy provides procedures and guidance regarding highway traffic noise impact assessment and analysis for Type I highway traffic noise projects requiring FHWA approval or using Federal Aid Highway Program funding during the Environmental Clearance and Final Design Phases in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. This policy does not provide procedural information or guidance relative to Type II highway traffic noise projects as SCDOT does not participate in a Type II program at this time. See Section 2 of this policy document for information on/definitions of Type I and Type II projects. SCDOT considers the policies and procedures that follow to be consistent with 23 CFR Part 772 as well as supporting FHWA noise guidance and policy documents. SCDOT recognizes the adverse effects that highway traffic noise may have on the citizens of South Carolina and will do what is practical to make highway projects and noise sensitive land use more compatible by lessening these effects, when reasonable and feasible to do so. During the project development process various noise abatement options are considered to minimize noise impacts including alternate alignments and not building the project. Throughout the public involvement process, affected residents and business owners will be given the opportunity to comment on highway traffic noise and any proposed abatement measures. During construction, SCDOT requires its contractors to minimize disruption from construction noise. Even after all of the above efforts, some locations may still experience noise impacts. 1.1 What is noise? Sound is created when an object moves, causing vibrations or waves in air molecules. When vibrations reach our ears, we hear sounds. Noise is defined as unwanted or excessive sounds. It is an undesirable by-product of our modern way of life. Highway traffic noise sources include tire- pavement interaction, as well as the engines and exhaust systems of vehicles. The impacts from noise are defined by the amount of interference the sound levels have with everyday human activity. 1.2 How is noise measured? Sound levels are measured in units called decibels (dB). Adjustment for the high and low pitched sounds an average person can hear is called "A-weighted levels" or dB(A). Highway traffic noise is assessed using dB(A) measurements. Noise is further described by its average level over time. In noise abatement studies an "hourly equivalent sound level," or Leq(h), is the constant, average sound level that contains the same amount of sound energy over the time period as does the varying levels of actual traffic noise. 1.3 How have noise regulations evolved over time? During the rapid expansion of the Interstate Highway System and other roadways in the 20th Page 4 century, communities began to recognize that highway traffic noise and construction noise had become a more prominent environmental impact. In the 1972 Federal-aid Highway Act, Congress required FHWA to develop a noise standard for new Federal-aid highway projects. While providing national criteria and requirements for all highway agencies, the FHWA Noise Standard gives highway agencies flexibility that reflects state-specific attitudes and objectives in approaching the problem of highway traffic and construction noise. This document contains SCDOT’s policy on how highway traffic noise impacts are defined, how noise abatement is evaluated, and how noise abatement decisions are made. In addition to defining traffic noise impacts, the FHWA Noise Standard requires that noise abatement measures be considered when traffic noise impacts are identified for Type I Federal projects (refer to Section 2 of this policy for more information regarding a Type I project). Noise abatement measures that are found to be feasible and reasonable must be constructed for such projects. Feasible and reasonable noise abatement measures are eligible for Federal-aid participation at the same ratio or percentage as other eligible project costs. 1.4 What is the purpose and applicability of this policy? This policy outlines SCDOT’s program to implement the FHWA Noise Standards found at 23 CFR Part 772. Where FHWA has given SCDOT the flexibility in implementing the standard, this policy describes the highway agency approach to implementation that includes traffic noise prediction requirements, noise analyses, noise abatement criteria, and requirements for informing local officials. This policy applies to all Type I Federal highway projects in the State of South Carolina; that is, any projects that receive Federal-aid funds or are otherwise subject to FHWA approval. They include Federal projects that are administered by Local Public Agencies (LPAs) as well as the highway agency. If there are any questions about whether a project is subject to this policy or the FHWA Noise Standard, contact the SCDOT Environmental Services Office. The requirements of this policy apply uniformly and consistently to all Type I Federal projects throughout the state. This policy will be applied per Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C 2000d et seq.), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in any program or activity that receives Federal funds or other Federal financial assistance. 1.5 When is a noise analysis needed? A noise analysis is required for all Type I projects, including: 1. The construction of a highway on new location; or, 2. The physical alteration of an existing highway where there is either: (i) Substantial Horizontal Alteration. A project that halves the distance between the traffic noise source and the closest receptor between the existing condition to the future build condition; or, (ii) Substantial Vertical Alteration. A project that removes shielding therefore exposing the line-of-sight between the receptor and the traffic noise source. This is done by either altering the vertical alignment of the highway or by altering the topography between the highway traffic noise source and the receptor; or, Page 5 3. The addition of a through-traffic lane(s). This includes the addition of a through-traffic lane that functions as a HOV lane, High-Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane, bus lane, or truck climbing lane; or, 4. The addition of an auxiliary lane of at least 2,500 feet, except for when the auxiliary lane is a turn lane; or, 5. The addition or relocation of interchange lanes or ramps added to a quadrant to complete an existing partial interchange; or, 6. Restriping existing pavement for the purpose of adding a through-traffic lane or an auxiliary lane of at least 2,500 feet; or, 7. The addition of a new or substantial alteration of a weigh station, rest stop, ride-share lot or toll plaza. NOTE: If a project is determined to be a Type I project under this definition, then the entire project area as defined in the environmental document is a Type I project.
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