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Małopolska Region Demographic Transition: Working for the Future 2 | Disclaimer MAŁOPOLSKA REGION DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: WORKING FOR THE FUTURE 2 | DISCLAIMER DISCLAIMER This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Małopolska Region Demographic Transition: Working for the Future © OECD 2013 ABOUT THE OECD | 3 ABOUT THE OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a unique forum where the governments of 34 market democracies work together to address the economic, social and governance challenges of globalisation as well as to exploit its opportunities. The OECD’s way of working consists of a highly effective process that begins with data collection and analysis and moves on to collective discussion of policy, then decision making and implementation. Mutual examination by governments, multi-lateral surveillance and peer pressure to conform or reform are at the heart of the OECD’s effectiveness. Much of the material collected and analysed at the OECD is published on paper or online: from press releases and regular compilations of data and projections to one-off publications or monographs on particular issues; from economic surveys of each member country to regular reviews of education systems, science and technology policies or environmental performance. For more information on the OECD, please visit www.oecd.org/about. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. ABOUT LEED The OECD Programme on Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) has advised governments and communities since 1982 on how to respond to economic change and tackle complex problems in a fast-changing world. Its mission is to contribute to the creation of more and better quality jobs through more effective policy implementation, innovative practices, stronger capacities and integrated strategies at the local level. LEED draws on a comparative analysis of experience from the five continents in fostering economic growth, employment and inclusion. ISSN 2079-4797 (PDF) OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Paper Series. This report is part of a series of working papers from the OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme. The LEED Programme identifies, analyses and disseminates innovative ideas for local development, governance and the social economy. Governments from OECD member and non-member economies look to LEED and work through it to generate innovative guidance on policies to support employment creation and economic development through locally based initiatives. Małopolska Region Demographic Transition: Working for the Future © OECD 2013 4 | DISCLAIMER Małopolska Region Demographic Transition: Working for the Future © OECD 2013 ABOUT THE OECD | 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was prepared by Jolanta Perek- Białas from the Warsaw School of Economics and Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland with Cristina Martinez-Fernandez and Tamara Weyman. The paper was prepared under the supervision of Dr Cristina Martinez (OECD LEED Programme). Dr Tamara Weyman (consultant) provided research and editorial assistance. The paper has benefited from the valuable comments by Mr Przemysław Herman and Mr Michał Sułkowski from the Ministry of Regional Development under the supervision of Mr Pawel Chorazy, Director, Department for European Social Fund Management. Thanks also to the significant inputs and workshop recommendations made by the international experts participating in the OECD study mission to Kraków in March 2012: Dr. Jasper Van Loo (CEDEFOP), Ms. Roxana Chandali (Ministry of Interior and Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands), Ms Naoko Kubo, and Ms Antonella Noya (OECD LEED Programme). Special thanks should be given to the representatives and officers of the Marshall’s Office of the Małopolska region (Department of Regional Policy), Joanna Urbanowicz and Jakub Szymański, and to the other provincial and local authorities and institutions who participated in meetings, workshops and study visits, and who provided documentation and comments that were vital to the production of the report. To Barbara Porębska-Maciołek for collaboration at different stage in the preparation of the OECD study mission and for comments on earlier versions of the report. The paper has been reviewed by Naoko Kubo (consultant) and Antonella Noya (OECD LEED Programme). Ms Melissa Telford edited and formatted the paper for publication. Ms Elisa Campestrin and Mr Francois Iglesias provided technical support. This Working Paper is part of a series of studies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme on “Local Scenarios of Demographic Change”. This study was conducted in collaboration with project partners Ministry of Regional Development, Poland and the Malopolska Regional Government. Małopolska Region Demographic Transition: Working for the Future © OECD 2013 6 | TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................................. 2 ABOUT THE OECD ....................................................................................................................................... 3 ABOUT LEED ................................................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ 6 TABLES .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 BOXES ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAŁOPOLSKA REGION ................................................. 15 2.1. Demographic change 1990-2010-forecasting ..................................................................................... 15 2.2. Socio-economic characteristics and labour markets ........................................................................... 23 2.2.1 Economy........................................................................................................................................ 23 2.2.2 Labour market ............................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 3 OLDER WORKERS; SILVER ECONOMY AND WHITE ECONOMY ............................. 27 3.1 Older workers....................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 The silver and white economy ............................................................................................................. 31 CHAPTER 4 SKILLS AND TRAINING ECOSYSTEM ............................................................................. 35 CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND INCLUSION ............................................................. 39 CHAPTER 6 GREEN REGIONAL/INDUSTRIAL ATTRACTIVENESS ................................................ 44 CHAPTER 7 REGIONAL/LOCAL INITIATIVES AND POLICY ISSUES ............................................. 47 7.1 Examples of local initiatives ................................................................................................................ 47 7.2 Small- scale policy survey ................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 8 KEY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAŁOPOLSKA ................... 55 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 62 ANNEX ......................................................................................................................................................... 64 Małopolska Region Demographic Transition: Working for the Future © OECD 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS | 7 TABLES Table
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