History of Bowring Park

1 Researcher: Gil Shalev (2009) Design: Stephanie Dunn (2016) Table of Contents

GENERAL HISTORICAL FACTS The Land 3 The Design 5 Development 7 PARK FEATURES AND FACILITIES Trees/Plants/Flowers 9 The Conservatory 10 Rivers/Streams/Ponds 11 Duck Pond 12 Slate Quarry 14 Shadow Pools 14 Fountain Pond 15 The Fighting Newfoundlander 16 The Caribou 17 Peter Pan 18 The Lodge 20 The Bungalow 21 Angels’ Grove 22 The Bell 22 Horse Trough 23 Bridges 23 Fences & Benches 25 SPORT/LEISURELY FACILITIES Old Swimming Pool 26 Tennis Court 27 Skate Park 27 Swimming Pool 27 Splash Pad 27 Playground 27 Bob Whelan Field 28 Sloping Field 28 Cabot Theatre 29 AERIAL MAPS 30 REFERENCES/SOURCE 31

2 The Land

Archived photo Rudolf Cochius was the original landscape architect who worked in the park for 5 years from 1912-1917.

he original area which impression of a small island. which the park was to be Twas later to become In 1911, The Bowring built. The park’s original Bowring Park, was a 50 acre Brothers — an established design and construction, piece of land obtained from and successful business, carried out by Frederick the Newfoundland Govern- Newfoundland trade and Todd and Rudolf H. Cochi- ment in 1847 by William shipping firm in New- us, commenced the fol- Thorburn who, had turned it foundland and the UK lowing year. The Park was into a successful farmland. — commemorated their officially declared open on The Crown Grant Land was 100th business anniversa- July 15, 1914 by His Roy- later leased to the Neville ry in Newfoundland by al Highness the Duke of family who formally named offering the city of St. Connaught who remarked, the property Rae Island John’s a recreational park “May it ever be a source Farm. The farm’s perimeter as a token of appreciation of pleasure and enjoyment was largely encompassed to the local community. to the citizens of St. John's by two main bodies of wa- The firm purchased Rae and to Newfoundland in ter the Waterford River and Island Farm from the Nev- general.” Southbrook River giving the ille family as the land on It is believed that in 3 1583, while exploring New- majesty of this area, the ex- foundland, Sir Humphrey act location of land they ex- Gilbert, was shown by plored cannot be verified. It settlers an area which was has however been suggested May it ever be locally referred to as ‘The over the years that, The Garden. It was described as Garden was at least part of a source of pleasure an untouched, uncultivated what is present day Bow- and enjoyment luscious green area with ring Park. Even if this has to the citizens of St. John’s several rivers and streams not been substantiated, the and to Newfoundland running around it. While mere possibility that this historians have looked at was indeed the park makes in general. written evidence from Sir the descriptions offered by His Royal Highness Gilbert's actual expedition Gilbert and his men quite the Duke of Connaught which extols the beauty and significant. 1

Archived photo Sir Edgar Bowring and the Duke of Connaught July 15th, 1914. 4 1 Historians however have suggested that there is no evidence to support this. The Design To design the Park’s layout and supervise its construction, Sir Edgar Bowring had commissioned world renowned Land- scape Architect, Frederick Todd from Montreal. Todd previously worked for the Frederick Law Olsmstead firm – one of the most noted and reputable landscape architecture firms in North America. Though it is said that Todd was officially in charge of the project, it was fellow landscape architect, Rudolf H. Cochius who was responsible for bringing the park’s design to light. Though historically, there has been some debate re- its natural beauty and lush designs, it was evident that garding who specifically scenic landscape. It was their Cochius’ design conformed was to be credited for the hope that the Park’s con- to and revolved around the park’s actual design2 and struction would not only pre- present land topography. layout, most have conclud- serve and maintain the park’s The park’s design involved ed that it was Cochius’ aesthetic value but that its as little alteration to the land handiwork and masterful very design would also adapt as possible. The general aim creativity that spawned the to the landscape itself. This was to build trails, footpaths, atmosphere and design of sentiment was clearly ech- ponds, etc. in a manner that the park. Cochius lived and oed in Cochius’ design of truly incorporated itself into worked in the park from the Park where the landscape the land in a homogeneous, May 1912 - March, 1917, architecture approach was, non-intrusive and non-de- and was in charge of all one of working with the structive manner. This was technical aspects of the terrain and not against it; an also true of trees, shrubs and parks construction. (His- approach that is evident in flowering plants which were cock, 2008/09) His vision many of his other landscape all planted in a manner that and artistry were and, still designs. (Versteeg / Hiscock seamlessly integrated into are, considered to be the 08/09) Unlike certain parks, the park’s natural biodiversi- heart and soul of the park. where the existing landscape ty. Bowrings had purchased could be freely moulded Though its official Rae Island Farm due to and altered to the architects opening was in 1914, the

2 Landscape Architect Ed Versteeg, who has studied Cochius’ work and the creation of the park, insists there is no reason to suppose that anyone other than Fredrick Todd was in charge of the park’s original blue print and design. Cochius was in charge of overseeing all construction and subsequent Landscape design and was under his domain that the park by and by came to life, but the design itself belonged to Todd. This is of great importance seeing that while Cochius name is so well engrained 5 into the parks historical essence – and deservedly so – Todd has become a rather hidden and unknown figure. 1 Historians however have suggested that there is no evidence to support this. Rudolf Cochius The Duck Pond. full implementation and construction of the Park Harry Hamlyn, Park superintendent, 1947 was not completed until “...The aim of the donors was to preserve these gifts 1921 at which point the and beauties of nature as completely as possible and Bowrings formally hand- to this end the removal of trees was carried out only in conformed it over to the City of ity with the overall design of providing inviting foot paths... St. John’s. It has been An expert job of horticulture enhanced the forest appeal of the under municipal govern- park and other varieties of trees were planted here and there. ment supervision ever Every effort was expanded to preserve Nature’s handiwork and since. Bowring Park, as to avoid the creation of just another series of botanical gardens. the only large open space Floral displays have, however, been skilfully blended into the of its kind in NL, was wood-land scene...” [ Hamlyn, PGP, pg2] a monumental success from the very beginning, development within the of the park is owed greatly during the summers see- park, illustrated by contin- to Cochius’ botanical vi- ing thousands of visitors uous introduction of new sion which was passed to daily. For many decades, plant life on park grounds, and adopted by his suc- it has been a place for the development and cessors; park supervisors relaxation, scenic walks, maintenance of trails and Alfred Canning (1917) swimming, boating on the footpaths, and the erection and Harry Hamlyn (1941). pond, picnics and many of several statues, mon- Though handed to the St. other cultural and recrea- uments, bridges and oth- John’s Municipality, the tional activities. The ener attractions. (See Next Bowrings continuously suing decades following Section for Details) Much contributed to the park’s the park’s opening, (1914- of the natural vegetative development both finan- 1940’s), saw tremendous and greenery development cially and culturally. 6 Development

Original Design for Bowring Park by Frederick Todd. During the 50’s much report strongly expressed als. — ex; Richard Seypka concern arose regarding the dire need to develop the plan 1982. the increased use of the new area in order to main- The boundary division park and the limited space tain the rustic, tranquil feel between the original and provided for recreational, that Cochius had created. new areas is marked by a sports, cultural and group The document commonly vehicle bridge overlook- activities. This was also referred to as the Van Gin- ing the old railway tracks.4 accompanied by ever in- kel Master Plan, contained The main recreational creasing maintenance costs. comprehensive design and facilities found in the new According to Landscape Ar- layout schematics as well as area; the ball park, swim- chitect G.Van Ginkel, it was a plethora of suggestions for ming pool and playground a City Clerk report in 1956 future development, such as areas were built during the that had driven the Munici- recreational and sport facili- 1960’s mainly by Federal pal government to purchase ties, maintenance, transpor- grant money given for the adjacent estates, farmlands, tation, etc. Over the years ‘beautification’ of munic- etc.3 Since its opening, the different elements of the ipalities across Canada, to original 50 acre land has Plan have been implement- celebrate Canada’s 100th been greatly expanded and ed, depending on financial birthday. The extended now covers an area of ap- availability and other con- area on which these facil- proximately 200 acres. The cerns; the usefulness and/ ities were built was land city had then commissioned or desirability of many parts once owned by former the Van Ginkle Landscape of the plan have been debat- Newfoundland Prime Min- Architecture firm to devel- ed by City Officials. Since ister Richard Squires’. op a plan for the new area then, there have been sever- [SEE END OF DOCU- of the park. The tone of the al other Master Plan propos- MENT FOR MAP] 7 3 Much of the acquired surrounding land was privately owned by several families: McNab’s, The Obrien’s, Philip Stamp and James Coughlan, and Sir Richard Squires 4 The construction of this bridge was suggested by the Van Ginkle report. Much of the Park’s more recent development From The Van Ginkel Report…. In the past half century the park has served the community well. But in has come from the Bow- recent years the demands made upon it have been far too great. Since it ring Park Foundation; A is the only park of any magnitude in the region, growth in population charitable foundation es- and automobile travel have greatly increased its use. On a fine summer tablished in 1995 to assist Sunday there may be as many as 10,000 people visiting the park. the City of St. John’s in This is hardly conducive to the tranquil enjoyment of the landscape. the restoration, preserva- Furthermore, since so few public open spaces exist, Bowring Park had tion and future develop- to absorb sports and group activities for which it was not originally ment of Bowring Park. designed……The greater intensity of use and the changing activities A goal of the Foundation have rendered Bowring Park quite inadequate as the major recreation facility of the St. John’s area. It has lost its original character of quiet is to ensure the develop- and repose; and over intensive use resulted in high maintenance costs. ment of a “public garden ….In 1958 Van Ginkel Associates was commissioned by the City of for quiet family enjoy- St. John’s to design the new park and to outline a master plan for its ment” as envisioned by development. its Honorary Patron, Der- rick Bowring. The Bow- ring Park Foundation has development projects in as the addition of pro- had tremendous success such a manner that always grams and activities that working with the City of takes the original layout, can be enjoyed by all age St. John’s, and other or- design and atmosphere of groups. They have suc- ganizations on restoration the park as the highest pri- cessfully brought to light and development projects ority. Projects include: up- many successful social within the park. grading and expanding the and private events, activi- The Foundation walkway systems, bridges, ties, festivals, shows, etc. strives to engage in park restoration of sculptures and monuments, as well

Doug Allen Fountain Pond on a summer’s day. 8 Trees/Plants/Flowers Historian Paul O’Neil dedicates a chapter of his classical textbook of St. John’s History [The Oldest City] to the city’s ‘green spaces.’ He notes that the late 19th century featured a growing demand for public parks in the city. Though St. John’s was 400 years old, there were virtually no public open-space parks available for leisure and enjoyment. This was first remedied by Lord Banner- Stephanie Dunn man, and the creation of The Weeping Beech tree is comprised of a Weeping Willow and a Beech Bannerman Park and was Tree. followed almost immediately by Victoria Park. Though ring Park has continuously these were much welcome seen new flora introduced, additions to the city, it is while preserving and main- Trees/Shrubs/Flowers was not until Bowring Park taining the old growth.5 The Bowring Park park is host to many fasci- (From Archives via Park Foundation. that the city saw a large Original Source Unknown) traditional Victorian style nating and unique shrubs, park, with ponds, long flowering plants and trees. Black Spruce – 1915 walking trails, fields, rivers, Of special historical note; White Spruce – 1913 streams, and a slew of trees, Lime/Linden tree planted Norway Spruce – 1916 plants, shrubs, flowers etc. by Duke of Connaught, Snowball Tree – 1916 The extremely fertile 1914 at park’s inaugural Snowberry – 1915 land purchased by the opening; White Oak plant- Spiraea Aruncus – 1930 Syringa – 1917 Bowrings, was teeming ed by Sir Edgar Bowring, 1920; Purple Beech, plant- English Yew – 1916 with old and new tree White Pine – 1913 growth much of which ed by Governor General Balsam Poplar – 1913 was planted by W. Thor- Viscount Alexander, 1949; Highb Bush Cranberry – 1915 burn. Cochius and his su- Red Oak, planted by Prin- Horse Chestnut – 1914 perintendent successors, cess Mary, 1964; English Dogwod – 1916 Canning and Hamlyn, ex- Oak, planted by Prince Copper Beech – 1915 pressed great appreciation Edward 1988. Weeping Beech – 1916 of the botanical potential of The natural biodiversity European Larch – 1915 Lime / Linden Tree – 1915 the land that was key to ex- within the park has been a point of attraction for the Norway Maple – 1918 panding the Parks diversity. Tulips – 1946 Since its early days, Bow- academic/non-academic.

9 5 Paul O’Neill says that in designing the park, Cochius had “….planned a botanical haven containing many hundreds of species of trees shrub and flowers…” [pg 494] The Conservatory The original park greenhouse was converted world such as Pony Tail Greenhouse was built be- to a Conservatory, though Palm, Sansevieria Trifas- hind the park Lodge in some still refer to it as a ciata, bromeliads, Birds of 1947 and was a gift from greenhouse or an orna- Paradise and others. The Sir Edgar Bowring. In mental green house. It site has also been host for 1996 with support from holds a variety of rare and several botanical traveling a significant donation by exotic plants and shrubs exhibits and a butterfly Mrs. Doreen Hall, the from many parts of the exhibit.

Stephanie Dunn The outside of the Conservatory.

Stephanie Dunn An inside look at the Conservatory. 10 Rivers/Streams/Ponds The park is enclosed by two serene and beautiful rivers; the Waterford Riv- er on the north side, along several of the park’s main entrances on Waterford Bridge Road, and the South Brook River to the southern edge of the park north of Pitts Memorial Drive and Bay Bulls Rd. The Waterford River begins in the Town of Paradise and flows southeastwards towards the St. John’s harbour via Bowring Park where it meets South Brook River. South Brook Stephanie Dunn River begins just south of Cobble Stone Bridge has a nickname of “Lovers Bridge.” An old tale used the city of Mount Pearl to say “If you kiss your significant other on this bridge you will marry.” flowing southeastwards towards the Waterford concerns regarding water tional use of the park. (Ka- valley. The two rivers con- pollution levels in the riv- vanagh, 2008) verge at the Duck Pond. On er, the pool was closed by Much of the oral tra- both ends of the park the the City of St. John’s who dition depicting people’s rivers are accompanied by deemed it unfit for swim- stories, tales and anecdotes a network of scenic trails, ming. Remnants of the about the park in the ‘old’ footpaths, biking paths, pool wall can still be seen days, is anchored around bridges. The lower end of upstream from the pink the social and cultural South Brook River was the granite stone bridge. The significance of visiting the location of the ‘original’ natural pool was, shortly pool area. It is evident that park swimming pool. For after, replaced by a mod- while the park was still over 40 years, the pool ern swimming pool in the seen as a beautiful place to was one of the main fami- western side of the park. visit and a source of relax- ly attractions in St. Johns, Though the modern pool ation, a certain element of offering a bathing location is a very popular summer the park’s allure – especial- in a serene, lush green attraction for family leisure ly for family outings – had environment and was one activities, for many people changed for people. Some of a kind in the city area. It in St. John’s the closing of claim that the number of was a place for gathering, the old pool had marked a visitors during summers in socializing, sports activi- dramatic shift in how the the post 60’s era had great- ties, relaxation, picnics. In city as a whole viewed the ly decreased because of the mid 60’s, due to rising aesthetic, social, and func- this loss. 11 Duck Pond/Boat Lake/The Swan

Stephanie Dunn Dusk at the Peter Pan Statue. One of the Park’s promi- the modern day pond has uments/Statues] The Duck nent attractions is the Duck seen many renovations and Pond is a central hub and Pond, originally called expansions over the years, meeting spot for many fam- Boat Lake. The beautiful with introduction of more ily and group gatherings and pond is almost completely wildlife, beautiful surround- activities. man-made and is fed by the ing walking trails, seating Waterford and South Brook benches, statues. Basil Kavanagh, River. It was designed by The pond has also be- in his beautiful Cochius and completed in come home to what is now description of the June, 1913. The pond, as its the park’s symbol – the Roy- original name suggests, was al Swans; six white swans pond says: created primarily as a place were acquired by Superin- “Surrounded by glowing for leisurely boating trips. tendent H. Hamlyn and masses of colour provided At the centre of the pond released into the pond in the by various backgrounds was a small island which summer of 1946. The majes- of pine, spruce and fir amid has over the years been tic, aesthetic beauty of these the ornamental decoration redesigned. After bathing swans has been a source of of full-blooming flowers, the in the river pool, boating great excitement for young boat-lake sets a scene of around the island in the and old alike. At the south exquisite perfection and deep inner contentment... pond was one of the most west end of the park is a for the enthusiast that like popular activities in the park beautiful man-made stone to take part or those who for many decades. The is- step-platform that gives way happen to stroll by, land was also home to many to Sir George Frampton’s the charisma of the boat-lake ducks, geese and other fowl. famous Peter Pan Statue. is overpowering.” No longer a boating centre, [See Next Section on Mon- 12 Boat Pond - 1946

The Duck Pond - 2016 13 Slate Quarry Another very attractive area is a beautiful serene and hidden spot known as the Slate Quarry. It is a natural formation and arrangement of old flat stones that has created a magnificent unique alcove-like area. This has historically been known as the ‘secret hideaway’ by locals frequenting the park. The area is of significant historical value not only for its natural beauty. It is believed that Cochius himself spent a lot of time in this area, for relaxation and reflection and it has been suggested that, possibly, many of his brilliant and crea- tive ideas that further contributed to the landscape design, were conceived during his Stephanie Dunn quiet time in this area. The Slate Quarry where Cochius spent time reflecting. Shadow Pools Another expression of Cochius’ artistic landscaping genius is evident in the chain of crystal clear pools evident as one heads eastwards on the path from the Caribou Statue. The chain of pools commence further upstream by the vehicular path. The design and depth of the pools give a very pronounced light reflection, visible even when skies are overcast. The pools are also of great environ- mental importance since they are a spawning ground for local Brown Trout and home Stephanie Dunn to many of the Park’s ducks. Floating flower pots in the Shadow Pool. 14 Fountain Pond Crossing the vehicular bridge and heading south- west past the modern swimming pool, one arrives at a beautiful Fountain Pond, surrounded by benches and a beautiful walking trail. The pond, man-made was originally a fish pond. In the 70’s the pond was en- circled with beautiful stone slabs and a gorgeous fountain originating from the St. John’s Basilica during August 20th. The project It is a terrestrial-based wa- church renovations. The was successful not only in ter quality control practice entire pond area has under- terms of the professional that uses the properties of gone major remodelling and polished look of the ac- nearby plants, microbes and and reconstruction as part tual reconstruction but also soil for the removal of water of a tremendous revitalizing showcased both the com- pollutants. Water is drawn project undertaken by the mitment of the BPF towards from the pond and distrib- Bowring Park Foundation, park development as well as uted into a rock sump (or Husky Energy and the City the commitment of the City embankment) which slopes of St. John’s. Husky Ener- and Corporate/Business sec- towards a heavily planted gy’s contribution marks the tor to promoting the vision area. The plant material will most significant corporate of the Foundation and the bind nutrients and pollutants donation to the Bowring Bowring Family. To reduce which not only contributes Park Foundation. water consumption, improve to the growth of the plants The reconstruction pro- water quality and prevent but naturally filters the ject was completed in the stagnant water, a simple water before it is redirected summer of 2008 and the bio-retention system was in- back into the fountain pond. Pond area was reopened on stalled at the Fountain Pond. (Eales)

Doug Allen A wide angle shot of the Fountain Pond. 15 The Fighting Newfoundlander

One of the most fa- ral Pittman was asked to mous and historically pose for Captain Gotto in significant statues in full military combat gear. Newfoundland, it is a Corporal Pittman would tribute to the brave sol- pose for an hour each day diers of The Royal for roughly two months Newfoundland Reg- until Gotto was finished. iment who coura- The statue was complet- geously fought and ed in early 1919 The sacrificed during statue was donated World War I. The to the Park in Sep- statue depicts a tember 1922, by life-like Sir Edgar Bowring, scene of expressing both his a soldier commitment to the during park as well as his battle, with one love and affection to hand holding a rifle and the citizens of New- the other cocked and foundland who had ready to throw a grenade. suffered tremendous The statue is a meticu- losses during the lous and detailed piece war. The statue was of work conceived and refurbished in 2007 created by Captain Basil by local sculptor Gotto, a famous sculptor Luben Boykov. who was commissioned during the war to create a piece of a ‘fighting soldier’. The statue was posed for by Corpo- ral Thom- as Pittman of Fortune Bay, NL. In 1918, while stationed in Haz- ley Down Camp, Eng- land, Corpo 16 The Caribou Hamel Memorial Replica Plaques were unveiled on Memorial Day and Canada Day, July 1st 2009. They are exact replicas of the plaques in Beaumont Hamel Park in France. The Beau- mont Hamel Park opened in 1925 and is the largest Newfoundland memorial site in Europe. When the Battle of the Somme began on July 1st, 1916 at 7:30am, the Newfoundlanders were Submitted photo the only unit from out- The Caribou. side the British Isles. They crouched in their trenches A further tribute to The the place where hundreds near the little town of Beau- Royal Newfoundland Reg- of Newfoundland men lost mont Hamel – awaiting iment is the bronze statue their life. The Royal New- their orders. The call came of a woodland Caribou. foundland regiment was the at 9:15am and 801 young Another masterful creation only regiment in the British Newfoundlanders headed by Captain Basil Gotto, the Army to receive the‘Royal’ out into enemy machine statue was presented to the prefix in WW1. Days after gun fire. It was over in 30 park in 1928 as a gift from the Battle on the Somme, minutes. 68 men answered Major William Howe Green, the Corps Com-mander told roll call the next morning. who had served with the his soldiers that they were The memorial effort began Newfoundland Regiment “better than the best” which soon after the war ended during WWI. A replica of has remained the in 1918. Cochius’ vision the original located at Beau- Regiment’s motto. There are made the Beaumont Hamel mont Hamel, France, the 5 other Caribous – one at Park in France the only statue’s erection and loca- each battlefield site in Eu- place on the Somme where tion within the park – just rope (Gallipoli, Beaumont the trenches and battlefield east of the Bungalow - was Hamel, Gueudecourt, Mon- were preserved. On these supervised by park archi- chy-le-Preux, Masnières plaques there are 820 names tect R. Cochius. Five other and Courtrai). When the of Newfoundland soldiers, such statues can be found in caribou was unveiled in seamen and sailors who died France and Belgium. The- Bowring Park it was spec- in WW1 and have no known Newfoundland Regiment ified that this was not to be graves. This is a significant had chosen the caribou as considered a memorial like site for Newfoundland and its official emblem dur- the ones in Europe, but a Labrador – finally, these ing the war. The original tribute to the regiment’s men can be commemorated loyalty and spirit of com- life-size bronze caribou in on their native soil. (Eales) Beaumont Hamel overlooks radery. (Eales) Beaumont 17 Peter Pan Arguably the most cel- ebrated, loved and visited landmark of Bowring Park is the Peter Pan statue located at the southwestern side of the Duck Pond. The playful yet striking character of this statue is the work of renowned sculptor Sir. George Frampton. Framp- ton was commissioned by Sir Edgar Bowring to create a statue that embodied the spirit and playfulness of childhood. The statue was unveiled during a special “children’s day” event in the park, August 29, 1925. It is a memorial to Sir Ed- gar’s granddaughter, Betty Munn, who tragically died at the young age of 4. Betty and her father, John Munn – one of the directors of the Bowring Brothers – were aboard the SS Florizel ship bound to Halifax, which set sail on Feb 23, 1918. On the very first night of its voyage, the Florizel was struck by a violent storm Archived Photo that forced the ship to crash The sculpter George Frampton unveils the Peter Pan statue August 29, against rocks off the coast 1925. of Capahayden. Betty and her father were among the ebration of childhood. The ever since. Frampton, at the 94 passengers who tragi- statue, depicting a young inaugural ceremony had cally lost their lives in this Peter Pan playing his flute expressed his own senti- terrible accident. Though while fairies and animals ment towards the children its inception was based on a joyfully climb towards him, for whom the statue was memorial to this sombre and was unveiled in front of ap- for. In explaining the theme tragic event, the impetus proximately 3000 eager and of the statues he noted that behind the statue’s presence happy children and has been “... the animals and fairies in the park was a joyous cel- a source of joy for children on the statue are listening 18 to the pipes of Pan, one Garden, Frampton him- began in August 29, 2000 of the mice is complet- self has commented that to commemorate the 75th ing his toilet before going the special character of anniversary of Sir. Edgar’s up to listen to the music, the park and its compat- wonderful gift to the park. (and) the squirrel is dis- ibility with the spirit of Though no longer active, cussing political matters the literary figure of Pe- the festival was quite suc- with two of the fairies. ter Pan makes this statue cessful for several years, Though several similar very unique. The statue with food vendors, musi- statues of Peter Pan exist was refurbished in 2007. cal and theatrical perfor- around the world, the most An annual summer outing mances and other family notable one in Kensington – The Peter Pan Festival – summer activities.

Archived photo Harry Hamlyn who was a superintendent of the park Stephanie Dunn pointing out that Peter Pan’s flute is missing. Present day photo of the Peter Pan Statue. 19 The Lodge At the eastern entrance (Al Canning, H. Hammlyn of the park, adjacent to etc.). Though the Lodge the concrete bridge, is the has been remodelled and Bowring Park Lodge. The renovated over the years it Lodge was originally erect- has maintained its original ed as the residence for park location and rustic feel. At landscape designer Rudolf present the Lodge no longer Cochius. Cochius and his serves as a home for super- family had lived there from intendents but is rather the 1913 until his departure in main office for the Bowring 1917. It has since been ei- Park Foundation as well ther a part-time or full-time as some of the members of home for ensuing super- the City of St. John’s Parks intendents after Cochius, Services.

Stephanie Dunn The Bowring Park Lodge was originally Rudolf Cochius’ home when he worked here overseeing the construction on the park. 20 The Bungalow

Stephanie Dunn The Bungalow is now leased to Red Oak Catering. Another main attraction, found right at the heart of the park is a large bungalow-style house, which is indeed as old as the park itself — constructed during 1913-1915. It was built both to serve as a meeting-gathering place for park patrons and other members of park authority, as well as a location offer- Archived photo ing several amenities for The Bungalow in 1916. the public, such as refresh- ments, snacks. Many of the etc. The management of also a great place for read- trees on the edges of the services offered at the ing and sunbathing. On the Bungalow Lawn have been bungalow have exchanged lawn grounds is a beautiful planted over the years by hands several times over rustic Sundial surround- royal visitors and other im- the years – since 1999, ed by colourful flowers. portant public figures. The food and catering services The sundial was donated serene atmosphere of the have been taken over by by Sir. Edgar Bowring. landscape and the rustic Red Oak Catering who of- During sunny days with feel of the bungalow itself, fer elegant catering servic- unobstructed skies the dial have made this location a es to weddings and other is quite accurate and draws local St. John’s favourite, events and ceremonies. many curious visitors. for weddings, ceremonies, The wide-open lawns are 21 Angels’ Grove Adjacent to the Bunga- low Parking lot, is a grove of trees overlooking the Waterford Hospital. As displayed on the memorial plaque, this area called the Angels’ Grove is dedicated to all babies lost through miscarriage, ectopic preg- nancy, stillbirth and new- born death. In the same location, there are 2 old posts standing in the ground. These were used to support a net for racquet games and were erected before the Angel’s grove was planted. This area used to be locally Stephanie Dunn known as Flag Pole Hill – Angel Grove is a beautiful place where many sit and take in the ambi- the City used to fly 3 flags ance. – Canada, Newfoundland and the City of St. John’s. park. The City removed the to maintain – they had to They could be seen from a flag pole because it was de- get a fire truck in to paint it! distance driving towards the teriorating and was a hassle (Eales)

The Bell The bell mounted on a large boulder in the shade of a tree behind the Conservatory used to be rung by the Park Super- intendent to tell patrons that the park was closing at 10pm. It used to be up high in a tower and a rope was pulled to make it ring. In 1998 the Park Forep- erson, Melanie McLeod, Stephanie Dunn had it removed from the Still one of the most prominent sounds of the park. basement under the lodge of uncertainty about where from a ship and others be- and mounted in its present the bell originally came lieve it might be from the location. There’s still a bit from – some believe it’s old railway. (Eales) 22 Horse Trough The old red horse trough on the north side of the paved road leading up to the Bun- galow is the last of its kind. It was originally located at the east end of Duckworth St near the War Memorial and Hill O’ Chips street where it provided water for horses in the City when horses were the main mode of transport before cars. The cobblestones in the adjacent retaining wall were once part of Water Street’s main thoroughfare and the stone steps a little further up the road came from the old Water Street side- walks. Both of these features can be seen in other parts of Stephanie Dunn the park including the Cari- This old horse trough was a life saver to many horses and dogs years ago. bou site. (Eales) Bridges Surrounded by two main is what has been termed ed September 1, 1931. The rivers and woody hills it is Whale’s Back Falls, which bridge is historically signifi- only natural that the park is crosses the river at an ideal cant in its relation to the old home to many bridges. Many location for observing the railway tracks. The internal of these are, however, not shadow pools, and the many structural framework of the only functional but of aesthet- brown trout found in this wa- bridge is built with arched, ic and historical value. At the terway system. bent pieces of actual railway east end of the park, by the On the other side of the tracks. The outside exterior Duck Pond as well as along park, adjacent to the tennis layer of the bridge is made up the Waterford river heading courts is a unique Pink Gran- of thousands of small. stones, westwards towards the shad- ite Stone bridge that crosses which were collected along ow pools, are several rustic over Southbrook River and is the railway tracks by Can- bridges constructed out of the eastern entrance point to ning’s workers. The quaint black spruce wood. Several the Southbrook River Trail. look of the bridge and, its his- such beautiful bridges can be The bridge was constructed torical connection to the old found at different locations during the late 20’s under the NL railway, which no longer along the Waterford River supervision of its designer and exists, makes the bridge a allowing visitors to cross the park superintendent, Alfred very popular attraction point. river. Most notable of these, Canning and was complet- Along the Southbrook 23 River Trail is a popular bridge that crosses the river further, and gives a spectacular view of Captain’s Falls, usually referred to as ‘The Capsules.’ As displayed on the plaque, this bridge was constructed on the Royal Bank’s 100th anniversary of business in Newfoundland and Labrador, December 21st, 1995. (Eales) The steel bridge over the South Brook River on the southern side of the Duck Stephanie Dunn Pond was part of the old Cobble Stone bridge contains the old railway tracks from the railway Canadian National Railway that ran through the park. line which was abandoned in 1988. Now it is part of the Newfoundland T’Railway Provincial Park which is a multi-use recreational trail based on the old railway. It extends 883 km or 548 miles from St. John’s to Port aux Basques and forms the New- foundland section of the Trans Canada Trail. Many park patrons remember when the railway staff used to throw Submitted photo candy over the fence to the Another section of the railway that runs through the park. children (where the railway line extends under the Canti- at this end. The bridge was Pond and Waterford River lever bridge). Another popular designed by Ove Arup, the and is historically significant activity was to lay a penny structural engineer who made in being the first concrete on the track and watch it get the construction of Australia’s bridge in Newfoundland. flattened by the train. The Sydney Opera House possi- The vehicular bridge fur- pedestrian overpass above the ble. (Eales) ther into the park was built T’Railway path is an award Two of the most used in the 60’s according to plans winning cantilever bridge – a bridges in the park are found laid out by the Van Ginkle unique engineering design one at the eastern entrance, by report. It connects the original where the bridge is anchored the BPF lodge and the other, parkland to the new extended only on one end. If you walk the vehicular bridge separat- property where many of the under the stairs closest to river ing the old and new parts of facilities such as playground, you will see that the bridge the park. The former, crosses pool, fountain pond etc, are does not touch the ground the joining point of Duck found. 24 Fences & Benches

Submitted Photo Rustic Benches in the Park.

Old rustic style fences in 1949 (visible from the long way back then. They and benches can be seen in Capital Cities monument were all made freehand by various locations within the and the north side of the craftsmen working for the park. Two good examples paved road leading up to park. Two men who have include: The park’s bound- the Bungalow). Historical worked in the park for ary fence along Waterford photos show that all the more than 30 years, Tim Bridge Road between the benches, fences and bridges Raymond and Gerry Por- Conservatory and the West- in the park were once con- ter, remember when most ern entrance and the bench- structed with this old rustic of their time at work was es under the Purple Beech style. Park Superintendents spent building and main- tree planted by the Gov- used to go to great lengths taining these structures. ernor General of Canada, to source the young spruce Eventually most of them His Excellency Viscount needed and even had it were replaced with more Alexander of Tunis, on his shipped all the way from safety conscious materials first visit to Newfoundland central Newfoundland, a like steel. (Eales) 25 Sport/Leisurely Facilities From its first days, the ities were introduced in the original area, specifically the park has offered great walk- park, many of which con- old Squires' property – ‘Mid- ing/hiking trails, boating on tinue to be a major draw to stream’ – has allowed for the the pond, open fields and the park by the physically development of more trails lawns for playing etc. Over active. The physical expan- and fields and other recrea- the years several sport facil- sion of the park beyond its tional facilities. Old Swimming Pool In the 1920’s a section of the eastern side of South- brook River by the Stone Bridge was dammed to make a ‘natural-like’ swimming pool. This Swimming Pool was considered by many of that generation to be the main attraction of the park for family and social outings and had served the city for over 40 years. The narratives that can be drawn from old stories and memories about the pool are almost endless and appear to be an integral part of St. Archived photo John’s folklore. Enjoying the old swimming pool on a hot summer day.

Archived Photo Locals swimming near the old swimming hole in Bowring Park. 26 Tennis Court Also built in the 20’s were several grass tennis courts that were very successful in drawing a good crowd. The demand was so overwhelming that new hard courts were added during the 40’s. These courts are presently managed and operated by the City of St. Johns who offers a wide range of training programs for kids Stephanie Dunn and adults at all levels. Several tennis courts located just off the trails of Bowing Park. Pool/Skate Park/Playground

Stephanie Dunn The Skate Park. The 1960’s saw great Since its construction the playground that has been development in the Mid- pool has become one of popular with kids since the stream area of the park. the most popular summer 60’s, when it replaced the The original pool on South attractions in St. John’s. older original playground, Brook River had closed Adjacent to the pool is which was by the Tennis due to water-contamina- a Skate Park that is very courts. Over the years the tion concerns and a new popular with many of St. playground has undergone modern pool was built just John’s youth. Just slightly several reconstruction pro- past the vehicular bridge west of the pool and east jects. The most recent in west of the bungalow. of the Fountain Pond, is a May, 2009. 27 Bob Whelan Field Heading slightly west of the pool, in front of the playground, is a gorgeous lush green field - Bob Whelan Field – which has become a popular location, for picnics, kids playing football or Frisbee, reading, relaxing etc. Another attraction for summer physical activity is the Lawn Bowl- ing Green found at a small field adjacent to the main western entrance gate on Submitted Photo Squires Ave. The sign to Bob Whelan’s Field. Sloping Field During winters the large green sloping valley space below the vehicular bridge, as seen below, is a very popular spot for toboggan- ing and sledding. During summer and fall months this is a very popular area for picnics, Frisbee, and sunbathing. Through strong commitment from the City Stephanie Dunn of St. John’s and the BPF, The sloping field is beautiful for relaxing the summer and for tobogging in the park has expanded not the winter. only in size but in the con- the baseball field, present McNab Lane in 2003. In struction and upkeep of location of Bob Whalen relating his fond memories several leisurely-resources. Field and the old soccer of the park, University Phys Much work has already pitch, which was torn down Ed professor, Basil Kava- gone and, is still going on, and replaced by the cur- nagh has stated the while in the development of the rent Lawn Bowling facility. much work has gone into Midstream area of the park. However, a newer and more improving the sports/recre- It is important to note that modern soccer field – The ation aspect, the park still some community members Jamie Morry Soccer Field has a huge untapped poten- do however lament the loss – was built at the western tial for much larger array of of two sport facilities that entrance of the park by sport facilities. were popular in the past; 28 Cabot Theatre Located on land where Cabot 500 celebrations in butions. It was officially Sir Richard Squires and his St. John’s and it respectful- declared open in June 24, family used to garden and ly bears the title, commem- 2000 and has hosted sever- grow vegetables, is now a orating the 500th anni- al theatrical performances, small, quaint picturesque versary of John Cabot’s most notable of which is yet very functional Amphi- magnificent discovery. The the very successful ‘Shake- theatre. (O’Neil). Its loca- project of erecting the am- speare by the Sea Festival.’ tion is immediately south phitheatre was made possi- of the Fountain Pond. The ble via the help of several amphitheatre construction corporate, municipal and began in 1997 during the community-based contri-

Stephanie Dunn The Cabot 500 theatre, home to many plays and events.

Stephanie Dunn Many gathered to celebrate Bowring Park’s Centenary in July 2014. 29 aerial maps

Google Earth Aerial Satellite View of Bowring Park 2016

30 References/sources I) Jennifer O’Brien, Bowring Park, The History and Restoration, 2004/2007 II) Basil Kavanagh, The Historical Research of Bowring Park, March 1980 III) Doug Crane (Research Document(untitled), 1995) IV) Jane Eales (Bowring Park Foundation Researcher) 2009 V) Ed Versteeg, Rudolph H. K. Cochius and the Creation of Bowring Park: A Preliminary Exploration (October, 2004). VI) Paul O’Neill, The Oldest City: The Story of St. John’s, Newfoundland. Boulder Publications, 2003. VII) Peter Bowring, A Thicket of Business, Memoir Club, 2007. VIII) Assorted Documents; St. John’s City Archives / Provincial Archives. IX) Assorted Documents; Center for Newfoundland Studies/Periodicals, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

Interviews A) Dr. Philip Hiscock, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Folklore. B) Dr. Basil Kavanagh, Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Physical Education and Athletics. C) Dr. Arn Keeling, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Geography.